OPTCL Summer Internship Trainee (Electrical) 2025
Answer Key with Correct Solutions
SECTION A (15 × 1 = 15 marks)
Multiple choice questions with correct answers
1. A 500 KVA transformer rated at 200 Hz is operated at 50 Hz. What is the new rating?
(A) 2000 KVA
(B) 125 KVA
(C) 250 KVA
(D) 1000 KVA
Correct: (B) 125 KVA
2. Colour of fresh transformer oil is _____.
(A) Pale yellow
(B) Yellow
(C) Amber
(D) Dark brown
Correct: (A) Pale yellow
3. Match the following:
Section 1 Section 2
A. Silica gel H. Breather
B. Porcelain E. Bushing
C. Mercury G. Tank
D. Fins F. Buchholz
4. 220 kV suspension type tower in OPTCL system:
(A) OB
(B) DC
(C) OA
(D) PC
Correct: (A) OB
5. For tripping of a circuit breaker, what is important?
(A) Pre close supervision
(B) Post close supervision
(C) Both
(D) None of above
Correct: (C) Both
6. Which of the following is an HTLS conductor?
(A) ACSR
(B) AAAC
(C) ACCC
(D) None of these
Correct: (C) ACCC
7. In a one and a half breaker system how many breakers are in one DIA?
(A) 1.5
(B) 3
(C) 2
(D) None of above
Correct: (B) 3
8. For a feeder with CT 400/1 and PSM 0.75, maximum current is:
(A) 100 A
(B) 200 A
(C) 300 A
(D) 400 A
Correct: (C) 300 A
9. Thermal limit of an ACSR conductor is ____ °C.
(A) 75
(B) 65
(C) 70
(D) 105
Correct: (C) 70 °C
10. Which DC leakage is dangerous?
(A) Positive
(B) Negative
(C) Both
(D) None
Correct: (C) Both
11. ANSI code 87 stands for:
(A) Distance protection
(B) Differential protection
(C) REF protection
(D) None of these
Correct: (B) Differential protection
12. Value of an open circuit resistor is:
(A) Less than one
(B) Unity
(C) Zero
(D) Infinity
Correct: (D) Infinity
13. Purpose of ground wire on top of transmission tower:
(A) Protects humans from shock
(B) Protects line from SC
(C) Protects transformer from SC voltage
(D) Protects line against over voltage
Correct: (D) Protects line against over voltage
14. Surge arrester is connected:
(A) In series
(B) In parallel
(C) Can be both
(D) None
Correct: (B) In parallel
15. Number of cores in CT 400 200 100/1:1:1:1:1:1:
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6
Correct: (D) 6
SECTION B (15 × 2 = 30 marks)
Brief descriptive answers
1. Need of an electrical sub station (any four points):
Voltage transformation
Switching & isolation
System protection & fault clearing
Load regulation & distribution
2. System earthing vs equipment earthing:
System earthing Neutral of system to ground
Equipment earthing Non current parts to ground for safety
3. Necessity of nitrogen injected fire fighting system:
Displaces O , extinguishes oil fire quickly, non conductive, avoids water damage
4. Distinguish protection core vs metering core of CT:
Protection: Accurate under high fault current
Metering: Accurate under normal load current
5. Routine tests on circuit breaker at site (OPTCL):
Contact resistance, insulation resistance, timing, mechanical operation
6. Float charge vs boost charge (battery):
Float: Maintain charge continuously
Boost: Rapid charge after deep discharge
7. Differential protection vs REF protection:
Differential: Phase & ground faults inside zone
REF: Only internal earth faults
8. Plug setting & PSM:
Plug setting: Relay pickup current %
PSM = Fault current / Plug setting current
9. Advantages of GIS over AIS:
Compact, low maintenance, reliable, weather proof
10. Types of faults in power system:
LG, LL, LLG, LLL, LLLG
11. Basic Insulation Level (BIL):
Impulse withstand voltage rating
12. Need of station transformer:
Supplies auxiliary & lighting load in sub station
13. Advantage of one and a half CB scheme over double bus:
Higher reliability with fewer breakers connected at a time
14. Dead time of CB & OPTCL setting:
Dead time: Interval between open & re close (~1 s in OPTCL)
15. Definition of bus bar in grid sub station:
Common conductor that collects & distributes power to feeders
SECTION C (1 × 5 = 5 marks)
Why is NIFES (Nitrogen Injection Fire Extinguishing System) mandatory for an oil filled transformer? How is fire hazard risk evaluated based on head height, transformer rating, oil volume & oil type? State at least two insulating oils and OPTCL s requirement for 220 kV & above units.
Oil filled transformers hold large energy; an arc fault can ignite hot oil, causing fires.
NIFES automatically injects nitrogen to displace oxygen, suppressing fire without water damage.
Fire hazard evaluation parameters:
Head height: taller tank rapid pressure rise & rupture risk.
Rating (MVA): higher rating more oil & fault energy.
Oil volume: greater volume larger fire load.
Oil type: mineral oil (highly flammable) vs natural/synthetic ester (high flash point).
Oils used: mineral naphthenic insulating oil; natural ester FR3; synthetic ester MIDEL.
OPTCL spec ( 220 kV): mandatory NIFES / equivalent automatic system, temperature sensors, PRD, oil detectors, separation fire walls & adequate fire water system.
