‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﺸﻴﻮﺥ ﻋﺸﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻂ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬

‫‪The political and national role of the sheikhs of the Middle Euphrates clans in‬‬
‫‪the modern and contemporary history of Iraq‬‬
‫_‪< <<ëæøjËÖ]<Üè†Ò<|^f‘<JJ‬‬
‫]‪< <‚Û¦<°Š£]<‚fÂ<gßè‡<ínu^fÖ‬‬
‫<‪< <íÊçÓÖ]<íÃÚ^q<K<h]û]<íé×Ò‬‬
‫‪Prof. Dr. Sabah Karim Al-Fatlawi‬‬
‫‪Researcher Zainab Abdul hussain Muhammad‬‬
‫‪Faculty of Arts / University of Kufa‬‬
‫‪DOI: https://doi.org/10.36322/jksc.177(B).20377‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺧﺹ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﺎءﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻭﻣﺔ)ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻟﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﻣﻭﺫﺟﺎ"‪.(١٩١٨-١٧٨٠-‬ﻟﺗﺳﻠﻁ ﺍﻷﺿﻭﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻲ ﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ ﻫﻲ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺷﻳﺦ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺣﻁﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻁﻧﺔ ﺑﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ‪،‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ‪.‬ﺍﺫ ﻅﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺩﻯ ﻗﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﺯء ﺍﻷﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺑﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺟﺭﻯ ﺍﻻﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﻳﻌﻛﺱ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﻭﺗﻭﺟﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻱ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺭﺯﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺷﻳﺦ ﻗﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ‬
‫‪،‬ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻛﻭﻧﻪ ﺯﻋﻳﻡ ﻗﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﻭﻧﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ‪ ،‬ﻻﺳﻳﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺷﻳﺧﺗﻪ ﺍﻣﺗﺩﺕ ﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻲ ‪١٩١٨-١٩١١‬ﻡ‪،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺳﺎﻋﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺷﺅﻭﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺧﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﺭﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻅﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 218‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺗﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭﻣﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺷﻖ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﻭﻳﻧﺎﻝ ﻗﺳﻁﺎ" ﻭﺍﻓﺭﺍ" ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺩﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻛﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻛﻝ ﻣﻘﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺛﻘﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻛﺗﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫‪١٩٠٥‬ﻡ‪،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺛﻘﻔﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﻐﻠﻳﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺿﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﺑﻌﺽ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻧﻭﺭﻳﻥ ‪ .‬ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻫﺗﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺭﺍءﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﺻﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺻﺣﻑ ﻭﻣﺟﻼﺕ ‪،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺻﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻼﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﺻﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺗﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺗﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ ﻧﻁﻘﺎ ﻭﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﺟﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﻁﻣﻭﺡ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﻭﺓ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺗﻪ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺩﻓﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻣﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺛﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺫ ﻭﺟﺩﺕ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺳﺎﻧﺩ ﻟﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺳﺭﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ ﻟﻳﺄﺳﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺟﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻋﻣﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺅﻻء ‪.‬ﻭﺛﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ ﻻﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺟﺎﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻧﺎ‪،‬ﺑﺄﻱ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻭﺍﻝ ‪،‬ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻳﺎﻻ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻋﻼﻥ ﺗﻣﺭﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻛﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺣﺭﻳﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺗﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻭﺑﺗﻌﺑﻳﺭ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﺻﺭﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻭﺣﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻥ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ" ﻟﻳﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﻳﻌﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻻﺧﺭ ‪،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻅﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺟﻝ ﺟﺭﻳﺋﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺿﻣﻧﺗﻬﺎ ﺧﻁﺑﺔ ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺅﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻻﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺟﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻳﺣﺳﺑﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻑ ﺣﺳﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﺻﻔﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺿﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺿﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻭ ﺍﻣﺗﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺭ ﻟﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺳﺗﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻥ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺎﺟﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺍﺛﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻭﻙ ‪،‬ﺑﻌﺩ ﺣﺿﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﻔﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻳﻠﻭﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩١٨‬ﻡ‪،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻟﻡ ﻳﺗﺟﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻣﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺭﻣﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻬﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻌﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎﺣﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺻﺭﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻲ‬
‫‪Abstract:‬‬
‫‪The study tagged (the political and national role of the sheikhs of the Middle‬‬
‫‪Euphrates clans in the modern and contemporary history of Iraq - Sheikh‬‬
‫‪Mubadir Al-Faraoun, the Al-Fatlah clan as a model”-1780-1918). The‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 219‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 Qahtaniya tribe residing mainly in the Middle Euphrates, in the modern and
contemporary history of Iraq. For many centuries of the contemporary history of
Iraq, the clan composition represented the largest part of the country's social
structure, and the impact of this structure on the course of events reflected the
influence and direction of the tribal leadership or leadership as The main pillar
in building the Iraqi clan in particular and the clan system in general. The social
and political importance of the personality of the founder of the Pharaoh family,
the Sheikh of the Fatlah tribe in the Middle Euphrates, emerged through his
great role in the internal developments, being the leader of a large, important
and influential tribe in Iraq and the Middle Euphrates, especially since his
sheikhdom extended for several years between 1911-1918 AD, and he helped
him in that He knew a lot about the affairs of the clans of the Middle Euphrates
region and Iraq, which was known for its backwardness and clan conflicts under
Ottoman control. The ambition of the founder of the Pharaoh's family and the
strength of his social and political personality prompted the Ottoman authorities
at first to deal with him with confidence, as they found in him the ability to have
a supportive role for them, but he soon turned against them due to his despair of
the possibilities of the hoped for reform in Iraq in general and the Middle
Euphrates in particular from these There is a historical fact that cannot be
ignored here, in any way, which is that the founder of the Pharaoh’s family
represented the armed opposition, as he was inclined to declare his rebellion
against the ruling authority and incite his affiliated clans to oppose it, and in a
more frank and clear expression, that the founder of the Pharaoh’s family was a
man. It is not easy to be absorbed by the other party, as the man remained bold

Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025 PAGE 220

This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International

License.
.>‫اﻟﺪو‬
, 4.0 -‫ﺪا‬/‫اﻹ‬
, ‫ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬5‫ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‬/ ‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ‬- ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ‬
 ‫‪in his opinions, which were included in his sermon and his opinions on various‬‬
‫‪occasions and national and national positions, which made the eighty and the‬‬
‫‪British count him a thousand accounts. And Sheikh Mubadir had the upper hand‬‬
‫‪in all the pages of the national and Arab-Islamic national struggle against the‬‬
‫‪Ottomans and the British, and if his life extended, he would have been one of‬‬
‫‪the personalities that would play a key role in determining the future of Iraq, but‬‬
‫‪his sudden death that raised doubts, after attending the ceremony held by the‬‬
‫‪British army in September of the year 1918 AD, when he was not yet forty-eight‬‬
‫‪years old, Iraq was deprived of its national and national efforts at all levels and‬‬
‫‪fields.‬‬
‫‪keywords:The Fatlah - the Ottoman authorities - clan conflicts - the Middle‬‬
‫‪Euphrates - the national‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻧﺎﻭﻝ ﺣﻘﺑﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﻻﺑﺩ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﻓﻳﻖ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘﺩﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻳﺔ ﻣﺗﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻟﻠﺑﺎﺣﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺗﺭﺿﺑﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻁﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﺁﺧﺭ‪،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻛﺛﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻭﺍﻧﺏ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ‪،‬ﻓﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺛﻖ ﻭﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻓﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﻁﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﻬﺩﻓﺕ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺗﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺭﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺻﺎﻑ ﺗﻧﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻋﺭﺍﻗﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺣﻘﺑﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺻﻌﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺣﻳﻁ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺅﺭﺥ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺧﻔﻳﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺩ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺃﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﻫﻧﺎ ﺟﺎءﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻭﻣﺔ)ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻟﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﻣﻭﺫﺟﺎ"‪-١٧٨٠-‬‬
‫‪.(١٩١٨‬ﻟﺗﺳﻠﻁ ﺍﻷﺿﻭﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻲ ﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 221‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ ﻫﻲ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺷﻳﺦ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺣﻁﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻁﻧﺔ ﺑﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ‪،‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ‪.‬ﺍﺫ ﻅﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺩﻯ ﻗﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﺯء ﺍﻷﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺑﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺟﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﻳﻌﻛﺱ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﻭﺗﻭﺟﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺯﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻱ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻗﺗﺿﺕ ﻣﻧﻬﺟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻻﻛﺎﺩﻳﻣﻲ ﺗﻘﺳﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺑﺎﺣﺙ ﻭﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻭﺻﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪،‬ﻓﺿﻼ" ﻋﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺟﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻧﻭﺍﻥ)ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺄﺓ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ(‪،‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺣﺕ ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻥ )ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺄﺓ ‪،‬ﻭﺑﻭﺍﻛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻛﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ(‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﻳﻥ ﺟﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺙ ﺑﻌﻧﻭﺍﻥ)ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫)ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺄﺓ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﺭﺯ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ‪:‬ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻛﺑﻳـﺭﺓ ﻳﺳـﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺳـﻡ ﺍﻻﻛﺑـﺭ ﻣﻧﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺷـﺧﺎﺏ ﺑﺭﺋﺎﺳـﺔ ﺍﺳـﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﻭﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﺳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﺑﻭﻫﺩﻟﻪ‪،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﻳﺔ)ﻁﻭﻳﺭﻳﺞ( ﺑﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻝ ﺟﻠﻭﺏ‪،‬ﺗﻣﺗﻬﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋـﺔ ﻭﻧﺧـﻭﺗﻬﻡ)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﻧﺎﺻﺭ)‪)(٢‬ﻭﺗﻌﻭﺩ ﺗﺳﻣﻳﺗﻬﻡ ﺑﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻡ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺟﺩﻫﻡ ﺍﻻﻛﺑﺭ ﻭﺍﺳﻣﻪ ﻓﺗﺎﻝ)‪،(٣‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺟﻣﻌﺔ )‪،(٤‬ﻭﺗﺗﺻﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻗﺑﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻳﻡ ﺑﻧﺳﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻧﺱ ﺑﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻧﺧﻌﻲ)‪) (٥‬ﻳﻭﻧﺱ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻣﺭﺍﺋﻲ(ﻭﺟﻣﻳﻌﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﺯﺑﻳﺩ ﻭﻫـﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺣﻁﺎﻧﻳﻭﻥ)‪ ، (٦‬ﻧﺯﺣﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻳﻣﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻣﻥ ﻋﺷـﺭ ﻓﺄﺳـﺗﻭﻁﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺃﺳـﺗﻘﺭﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘـﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺩﺟــﺔ( ﻓــﻲ ﻟــﻭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﻔــﻙ ﻗــﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﺻــﺭﺓ)‪ (٧‬ﺛــﻡ ﺗﺣﻭﻟــﻭﺍ ﻣــﻥ ﻫﻧــﺎﻙ ﺍﻟــﻰ ﺍﺭﺽ ﺗﻘــﻊ ﻓــﻲ ﺑﺯﺍﻳــﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺭ)ﺍﺑﻭﺟﻭﻳﺭﻱ(ﺍﺣﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺷﻁ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺑﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﻘﺭﻭﺍ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺣﺩﺛﺕ ﻟﻬﻡ ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﭼـﻌﻭﺏ)‪(٨‬ﻗﺗﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺛﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﻁﻠﺏ ﻓﺄﺿﻁﺭﺕ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﻌﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺭ)‪(٩‬ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻥ ﻋﺭﻓﺕ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻭﺍﺟﺩﻫﻡ ﺟﻬﺯﻭﺍ ﺣﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺿﺎء ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﻭﺻـﻭﻟﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﻭﺟﺩﻭﺍ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺎ ﻻﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﺧﺻﻭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺑﺔ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻏﺎﺩﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﻘﺭﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺭ)‪ .(١٠‬ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺷﻌﺏ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻳﻭﺳﻔﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺳﺑﻘﺗﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻳﻪ ﻓﺭﻗﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 222‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺷﺩﺓ ﻓﺣﺎﺭﺑﻭﻫﻡ ﻭﺍﻧﺗﺻﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﻠﻭﻫﻡ ﻋﻧﻪ ﻭﺣﻠﻭﺍ ﻣﺣﻠﻬﻡ ﻓﻳﻪ‪،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺭ ﻳﻭﻣﺋـﺫ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﺔ ﺿـﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻭﺫ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺧﺯﺍﻋﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻫﻭﺍﺭﺍ ﻓﺎﻟﺗﺯﻣﻭﻫﺎ ﻣﻧﻬﻡ ﻭﻋﻣﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺗﻛﺎﺛﺭﻭﺍ ﻭﻋﻅـﻡ ﺷـﺎﻧﻬﻡ )‪(١١‬ﻭﺻـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺻﺩﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﺭﺍء ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﻳﺟﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻁﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺑـﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻝ ﺍﺷـﻌﺎﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﻣـﺩﺣﻬﻡ ﻭﻣـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻳﻥ ﻣﺩﺣﻭﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﻓﻲ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪١٢٠٤‬ﻫـ – ‪١٧٨٩‬ﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻳﺎﻡ ﺷـﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺻﻳﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﺑﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻁــــﻭﻯ ﻋﻠــــﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻳــــﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺳــــﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺳــــﺑﺎﺋﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـــــــﻳﻛﻡ ﺑﻧـــــــﻲ ﻓﺗﻠـــــــﻰ ﺗﺷـــــــﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻛﺎﺋـــــــﺏ‬
‫ﻣﺷــــــــﺎﺭﻗﻬﺎ ﺑــــــــﻳﻥ ﺍﻟــــــــﻭﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻐــــــــﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧـــــــﺗﻡ ﺑـــــــﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﺗﺯﻫـــــــﻭ ﺑﻧـــــــﻭﺭﻛﻡ‬
‫ﺻـــــﻧﻌﺕ ﻟﺑﻧـــــﻲ ﺍﻻﻣـــــﺎﻝ ﻣﻧﻬـــــﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺷـــــﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧــــــﺗﻡ ﺑﺣــــــﻭﺭ ﻓــــــﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻁــــــﺎء ﺯﻭﺍﺧــــــﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧـــــــﺗﻡ ﺍﺳـــــــﻭﺩ ﻓـــــــﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻘـــــــﺎء ﻏﻭﺍﻟـــــــﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧـــــﺗﻡ ﺳـــــﻳﻭﻑ ﻣﺭﻫﻔـــــﺎﺕ ﻋﻠـــــﻰ ﺍﻟﻌـــــﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻛﻣــــــﺎ ﺍﺷــــــﺗﻬﺭﺕ ﻣــــــﻧﻛﻡ ﻟــــــﺩﻳﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗــــــﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـــــــــﺎﺋﻌﻛﻡ ﻣﺷـــــــــﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻓـــــــــﻲ ﻋـــــــــﺩﻭﻛﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺍﺅﻛـــــــــﻡ ﻣﺛـــــــــﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺟـــــــــﻭﻡ ﺛﻭﺍﻗـــــــــﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻔــــــــﺎﺧﺭﻛﻡ ﻣﺛـــــــــﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺟـــــــــﻭﻡ ﺯﻭﺍﻫـــــــــﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟــــــﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺟــــــﺩ ﺳــــــﺑﺎﻕ ﻭﻟﻠﻣﺟــــــﺩ ﻁﺎﻟــــــﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻣــــــــــﺎ ﻣــــــــــﻧﻛﻡ ﺍﻻّ ﻛــــــــــﺭﻳﻡ ﻣﻬــــــــــﺫﺏ‬
‫ﻓﻠـــــﻳﺱ ﻟﻛـــــﻡ ﻓـــــﻲ ﻓﺿـــــﻠﻛﻡ ﻣـــــﻥ ﻳﻘـــــﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺳـــــــﺑﻘﺗﻡ ﺍﻟـــــــﻰ ﻧﻳـــــــﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻛـــــــﺎﺭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠـــــــﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻛــــــﻡ ﻫﻣــــــﻡ ﻣــــــﻥ ﺩﻭﻧﻬــــــﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﻭﺍﻛــــــﺏ)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﻛــــــــﻡ ﺭﺗﺑــــــــﺔ ﻓــــــــﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻧﺟــــــــﻭﻡ ﻛﻠﻬــــــــﺎ‬
‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﺟﻔﺎﻑ ﻧﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﻣﺗﻭﺟﻬﻳﻥ ﻧﺣﻭ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﺑﻭ ﺷﺭﻳﺵ) (ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺳـﻣﺎﻭﺓ) ( ﻭﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٨٧٣‬ﻡ ﺑﺩﺃﺕ ﻫﺟﺭﺕ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻣﺗﻬﺎ ﻟﻬـﻡ ﺍﻟﺳـﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻧﺣﺕ ﺭﺋﻳﺱ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺗﻬﻡ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻳﺎﻗﻭﺕ ﻭﺳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻣﺎﻳﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺗﺑﺔ ﻣﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣـﺎﻧﻲ)‪ ،(١٥‬ﻭﻫﻧـﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﺧﺭ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻟﻣﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻁﻌﺔ ﺍﺑﻭ ﺷﺭﻳﺵ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺋﻳﺱ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺑﻧﻲ ﺯﺭﻳﺞ ﻓﺭﻫﻭﺩ ﺑﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺳﺎﻑ ﻗﺩ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺗﻐﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﺧﻼﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻟﻡ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﻭﺟـﻪ ﺩﻋـﻭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﺷـﻳﺭﺗﻪ ﻟﻳﻛـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻭﻧﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺧﻭﻓﺎ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻣﺔ ﺍﺻﺣﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻟﻡ)‪.(١٦‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺭﺯ ﺭﻭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﺓ)ﺩﻟﻳﻬﻡ ﺑﻥ ﻣﻁﻠﺏ(ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺗﻭﻓﻲ ﺳـﻧﺔ ) ‪١٨٠٠‬ﻡ( ﻭﺗـﻭﻟﻰ ﻣـﻥ ﺑﻌـﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺣﻔﻳﺩﻩ )ﻣﻭﺳﻰ ﺑـﻥ ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ(ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ ﻟـﻪ ﺍﺭﺑﻌـﺔ ﺍﺧـﻭﺓ ﻫـﻡ‪) :‬ﺻﻘﺭ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪،‬ﻣﻐﺎﻣﺱ‪،‬ﻭﺷـﺑﻳﺏ(‪.‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣـﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺎﻣﺱ ﺍﻝ ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﻫﻡ ﺭﻭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﻳﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﺷـﺑﻳﺏ‪:‬ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﻭﻫـﻡ ﺭﻭﺅﺳـﺎء ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 223‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ‪،‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝ ﺑﻭﻫﺩﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻡ ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﻭﺳﻰ ﺑﻥ ﺍﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺗﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﻣﻭﺳﻰ ﺑﻥ ﻋﺑﻭﺩ)‪.(١٧‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺩﻩ ﺑﺩﺃﺕ ﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻘﺻﺎﻥ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻔﺎﻑ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻧﺧﻔﺎﺽ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﻳﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻁ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﺔ)‪.(١٨‬ﻭﺣﻳﻧﺋﺫ ﺑـﺩﺍ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﻳﻬـﺎﺟﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﻳـﺔ ﻭﻗﺳـﻡ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺷـﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺧـﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﻌﺎﺭﺓ)‪(١٩‬ﻟﺟﻔﺎﻑ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺭ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﻓﻘﺩ ﻓﺿﻠﻭﺍ ﺍﻻﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻔـﻭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺟـﺭﺓ ﻋﻧـﻪ‪،‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻘـﺎﻝ ﻋـﻧﻬﻡ ﺫﻟـﻭﺍ ﻭﺗﺑﻌـﻭﺍ ﻋﺷـﺎﺋﺭﻫﻡ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺳـﺑﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻖ)ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﻭﺟﻠـﻭﺏ( ﺑـﺄﻣﻳﺭ ﺯﺑﻳـﺩ) ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺷــﻔﻠﺢ (‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﻓﻲ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪١٨٥٥‬ﻡ ‪.‬ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺗﺯﻭﺝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺑﻧﺕ ﺗﻭﺑﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺗـﻲ ﻛﺎﻧـﺕ ﺯﻭﺟـﺔ ﺍﻻﻣﻳـﺭ ﻭﺧﻠﻔـﺕ ﻣﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ)ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺑـﺩﺭ‪،‬ﻭﻣﺟﺑﻝ(‪،‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻔـﻭﺍﺭﺛﻡ ﺍﻧﺗﻘـﻝ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻧـﻭﺏ ﻧﺣـﻭ ﺍﻟﺳـﻣﺎﻭﺓ ﻻﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻋﻁﺗﻪ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻣﺎﺓ)ﺍﺑﻭ ﺷﺭﻳﺵ )‪.(٢٠‬ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ ﺑﺻـﺣﺑﺗﻪ ﺧﻣﺳـﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺭﺟـﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﺑﻧـﺎء ﻋﺷـﻳﺭﺗﻪ ﻭﺗـﺭﻙ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺭ‪،‬ﻭﻟﺩﻳـﻪ ﻣﺯﻫـﺭ ﻭﺳـﻛﺭ)‪.(٢١‬ﻭﻓـﻲ ﻋـﺎﻡ ‪ ١٨٦٨‬ﻡ ﻫـﺎﺟﺭ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺟﻌﺎﺭﺓ( ﻭﻣﻥ ﻣﻌـﻪ ﻣـﻥ ﺍﻓـﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﺷـﻳﺭﺗﻪ‪،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗـﺩ ﻫـﺎﺟﺭ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﻗﺑﻠـﻪ ﻛﺛﻳـﺭ ﻣـﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﻭﺑﻌـﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺷـﺎﺋﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ُﺧﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﺿﻭﺕ ﺟﻣﻳﻌﺎ ﺑـﺎﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﻓﻳﻣـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺩ )‪ .(٢٢‬ﻭﺗﻌـﺯﻯ ﺧﻁـﻰ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﻟﺗﺷـﺟﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺟـﻝ ﺣﺻـﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻔـﻭﺫ ﻭﺍﻟﺳـﻳﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺷـﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺳـﺗﻭﻁﻧﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﺩﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺻﺣﺭﺍء‪،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﺣﻭﺍﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﻣﺷﺎﻛﻝ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺓ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺷـﺎﺋﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ‪،‬ﻧﺣﻥ ﺍﻻﻥ ﻟﻳﺱ ﺑﺻﺩﺩﻫﺎ ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻧﺗﻬﺕ ﻫﺟﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٠٠‬ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻁـﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻟﺗﻘﻠﻝ ﻧﻔﻭﺫ ﺍﻟﺧﺯﺍﻋﻝ)‪.(٢٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺷﺭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻁﺎﻟﺑﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻟﻛﻧﻬﻡ ﻟﻡ ﻳﺣﺳﻧﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺑﻳﺭ ﻋﻣﺎ ﺗﻛﻧﻪ ﺻﺩﻭﺭﻫﻡ ‪،‬ﻓﻛﺎﻧﻭﺍ ﻳﻘﻭﻣﻭﻥ ﺑﺣﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺿﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻅﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﻅﻁﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﻳﻌـﺎﻧﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻧﻪ ﻓﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺑﻳﺭﻫﻡ ﺑﻘﻭﻟﻬﻡ) ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ – ﻣﺎﻧﺭﻳﺩﻫﺎ ‪،(-‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻭﺍ ﻳﻁﻣﺣﻭﻥ ﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻧﻔﺳﻬﻡ ﺑﺎﻧﻔﺳﻬﻡ ﺃﻱ ﺣﻛﻡ‬
‫)ﻻ ﻣﺭﻛﺯﻱ ()‪ (٢٤‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻁ ﺗﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﻘﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻻﻭﺍﻣﺭ ﺭﺅﺳﺎﺋﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻳﺎﺩﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻣﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩ ﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻬﺩﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺟﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻭﺍ ﻳﺑﺫﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﺍﺣﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺩﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻣﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻣﺗﻼﻛﻬﻡ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﺳﻭﻯ ﺍﺳﻠﺣﺗﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﺳﻳﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﻡ ﻟﻛﻧﻬﻡ ﺍﺣﺳﻧﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﻬﺎ) ‪. (٢٥‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 224‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺗﻅﺎﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ‪-‬ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﻐﺭﺍﻓﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻﺑﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻧﻌﻛﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻋﻲ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﺎﺿـﺞ‬
‫ﻧﺳﺑﻳﺎ‪.‬ﻭﻓﻲ ‪ ١٩١٢-١٩١٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺩ ﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﻧﻬﻡ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﺑـﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣـﺩ ﺍﻝ ﺳـﻛﺭﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﺑﻭﻫﺩﻟﺔ ‪،‬ﻣﺣﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻳﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ ﺍﺳـﺗﻘﻼﻝ ﻋﺭﺑـﻲ ﺫﺍﺗـﻲ)‪،(٢٦‬ﻭﺑـﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺎﻟﺑﺔ ﺑﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﻻ ﻣﺭﻛﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻣﺗﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﺻـﺭﺓ ﻭﻗـﺩ ﻧـﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﻬـﺎ )ﻁﺎﻟـﺏ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻳـﺏ() ‪ (٢٧‬ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺻـﺭﺓ ﻣﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺳﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺎ ﻟﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻭﻛﻳﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ ﻻﺧﻣﺎﺩ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺩ ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻧﺩ ﻭﺻﻭﻟﻪ ﻟﻠﺑﺻﺭﺓ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎ ﻭﻧﺷـﺭ ﺻـﻭﺭ ﻟﻠﺯﻋﻣـﺎء ﺍﻟﺑـﺎﺭﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟـﺫﻳﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻣﻠﻭﻥ ﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺑﺿﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺭﺋﻳﺱ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ)‪.(٢٨‬ﻭﻋﻧﺩ ﻧﺷﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ ﺍﺟﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﺍﻟﺷـﺎﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﻣـﻧﻬﻡ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﻪ )ﺍﻝ ﺑﻭﻫﺩﻟﻪ(ﺑﺯﻋﺎﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟﺷـﻳﺦ ﻋﺑـﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝ ﺣﺳـﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺑـﺩ ﺑﺯﻋﺎﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟﺷـﻳﺦ‬
‫ﻣﺭﺯﻭﻙ ﺍﻝ ﻋﻭﺍﺩ‪،‬ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺭﻳﻑ ﻣﻛﺔ ﻟﻐـﺭﺽ ﺗﺷـﻛﻳﻝ ﺣﻛﻭﻣـﺔ ﻋﺭﺑﻳـﺔ ﻣﺳـﺗﻘﻠﺔ)‪(٢٩‬ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺣـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺗﻬﺕ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻡ ﺗﻧﺗﻬﻲ ﻓﻛﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼﻝ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﻟﻠﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺩﺓ ﺯﻋﺎﻣﺔ )ﺳﻛﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ( ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺷﺭ ﻟﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺭﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻗﻠﺑﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﻧﺎﻭﺉ ﺷﺩﻳﺩ ﻟﻠﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷـﻳﺦ ﻣﺑـﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋـﻭﻥ)‪.(٣٠‬ﻓﻔـﻲ ﻣﻁﻠـﻊ ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷـﺭﻳﻥ ﻗﻭﺿـﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳـﺔ ﺑﻘﺳـﻭﺓ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﻧﻰ ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻁﺵ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﺭﺳﻭﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﻘـﺎﻣﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﻧـﺎﻁﻖ ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺟـﺭﺩﺗﻬﻡ ﻣـﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺯء ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻳﺭﺍﺩﺗﻬﻡ ﻭﺛﺭﻭﺗﻬﻡ ﺳﻭﺍء ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻖ ﺳـﻠﺏ ﺛـﺭﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻳـﺭﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺳـﻡ ﺍﻟﺿـﺭﺍﺋﺏ ﻭﺍﻟـﺩﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﺧﺭﻳﻥ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻬﻳﺩ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺣﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﺳـﻛﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘـﺎء ﺍﻟﻘـﺑﺽ ﻭﺛـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻥ ﻟﻠﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻫﻡ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿـﻲ)‪(٣١‬ﻭﺑﻬـﺫﺍ ﻓـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳـﺔ ﻛﺎﻧـﺕ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺷﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺗﻥ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻟﺗﻁﺑﻖ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ) ﻓﺭﻕ ﺗﺳـﺩ ( ﻟﺗﺳـﻬﻝ ﺳـﻳﻁﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻳـﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺳﻬﻝ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺍﺋﺏ)‪.(٣٢‬‬
‫ﺑﻳـﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠــﻪ‪،‬ﻭﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺷـﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭﻭﻋﻳــﺎ ﺳﻳﺎﺳــﻳﺎ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﻗـﻭﺓ ﺧــﻼﻝ ﻓﺗــﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺣـﺗﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁــﺎﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻛــﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺯﺍﻋــﻝ )ﺑﻘﻳــﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺣﻣــﺩ ﻭﺳــﻠﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻋﺑﻁــﺎﻥ( ﻳﺳــﻳﺭﻭﻥ ﻧﺣــﻭ ﺍﻻﺿﻣﺣﻼﻝ‪،‬ﻭﺷــﻬﺩ ﻋــﺎﻡ ‪١٩١٩-١٩١٨‬ﻡ)‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﻣﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ()‪ (٣٣‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺳﺑﺑﻳﻥ‪:‬ﺍﻭﻻﻫﻣﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻥ ﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﻭﺍ ﻳﺩﻳﺭﻭﻥ ﺷﺅﻭﻥ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺗﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻛﻔـﺎءﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺯﺭﻉ ﻣﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺯ‪ "،‬ﻭﻓـﻲ ﻣﺛـﻝ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓـﺎﻥ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 225‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺷـﻳﻭﺥ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﺯﺭﺍﻉ ﺗﻛـﻭﻥ ﻣﻁﻠﻘـﺔ‪ ..‬ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ ﺑﺳـﺑﺏ ﺍﻟﺿـﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻘـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻣـﻝ ﺍﻟﻣـﻧﻅﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳــﺗﻣﺭﺓ)‪(٣٤‬ﺍﺫ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺟــﺎﺡ ﻓــﻲ ﺯﺭﺍﻋــﺔ ﻣﺣﺻــﻭﻝ ﺍﻟــﺭﺯ ﻻﻳﺗﺣﻘــﻖ ﺍﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻌــﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺛﻳــﻖ ﺑــﻳﻥ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻣــﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪.‬ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ "ﻓﻘﺩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﻳﺩﺭﻛﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ" ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﺿﻌﻭﺍ ﺍﻧﻔﺳﻬﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻥ ﻁﻳﺑﺔ ﺧﺎﻁﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺣﺕ ﺳﻳﻁﺭﺓ ﺷﻳﻭﺧﻬﻡ")‪.(٣٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻭﻭﻋﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺗﺟﻠﺕ ﺑﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﻭﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺧﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻱ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺳـﺗﻔﺗﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﺟﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻹﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺻﻭﺕ ﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻡ ﺷﻳﻭﺥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺑﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻣﻳﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﻳﺭﻫﻡ ﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ)‪)(٣٦‬ﻭﻣﻳﺽ ‪(٣٤٩‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺭﺯ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺫﻛﺭﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺍﻧﺿﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﺣﺎﻟﻔﺕ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﺧﺭ ﻭﺑﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺻﺑﺣﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻁﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ)ﺳﻠﻑ( )‪ (٣٧‬ﻭﺑﻘﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﺻﺑﺣﺕ ﺗﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﺑﻘﻭﺓ ﻫﺎﺋﻠـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﻘـﺔ ﻭﻓﺭﺿـﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺳﻳﺎﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﺳـﻁ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﺎ‪.‬ﻭﺍﺻـﺑﺢ ﺳـﻠﻑ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﻣﻧﺗﺷـﺭﺍ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺷـﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﺑﺯﻋﺎﻣـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺑﻌﺩﻩ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﺯﻫﺭﻭﻣﻥ ﺛـﻡ ﺑـﺭﺯ ﻋﺑـﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣـﺩ ﺍﻟﺣـﺎﺝ ﺳـﻛﺭ)‪ (٣٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺷـﺎﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﺎﻭﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺯﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺑﻌﺩﻩ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻋﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﺛﻡ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺳـﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٣٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﻳـﺔ ﺑﺯﻋﺎﻣـﺔ ﺟﻠـﻭﺏ ﺍﻝ ﻣﻐـﺎﻣﺱ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻥ ﺑﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﺑﻧﻪ ﺷﻣﺭﺍﻥ‪(٤٠).‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﺑﺭﺯ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺍﻝ ﺩﻟﻳﻬﻡ ‪ :‬ﻭﻧﺧﻭﺗﻬﻡ ) ﺍﺧﻭﺓ ﻣﻭﺯﺓ ( ﻭﻫﻡ ﺍﺻﻝ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺍﻝ ﻛﻳﻡ ‪ :‬ﻭﻧﺧﻭﺗﻬﻡ ) ﺍﻝ ﻛﻳﻡ ( ﻭﺍﻛﺛﺭﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻧﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺎﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺿﻡ ﻛـﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝ ﺑﻼﺩﻱ)ﺍﻝ ﺑﻭﻫﺩﻟﻪ(ﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻻﺣﻣﺩ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺧﻠﻳﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺟﺑﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻌﻣﺭ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻡ‪(٤١).‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﺍﻝ ﻋﺯﻳﺯ ﻭﻧﺧﻭﺗﻬﻡ ) ﺟﻭﻳﻔﺭ ( ﻭﺗﺿﻡ ﺍﻝ ﺷﺑﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﻌﻳﺟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻋﺭﻭﺱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺭﺍﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺻﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺎﺩﺓ ‪ :‬ﻭﻧﺧﻭﺗﻬﻡ ) ﺳﺭﺣﺎﻥ ( ﻭﺍﻫﻡ ﻓﺭﻭﻋﻬﻡ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝ ﻣﻐﺎﻣﺱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻐﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺣﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻋﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻝ ﻋﺑـﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺳﺭﺍﺣﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻝ ﻁﻭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻭﺷﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺳﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻧﻭﻳﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺷﻛﻭﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻣﻭﺳﻰ ‪ :‬ﻭﻧﺧﻭﺗﻬﻡ ) ﺟﻭﺧﺔ ( ﻭﻫﻡ ﻳﺭﺟﻌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻣﻭﺳﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺯﺑﻳﺩ ﻭﻳﺗﻔﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﺍﻟـﻰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝ ﺑﺳـﻳﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻓﻛﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﻭﻳﻬﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﻟﺑﻭ ﺻﻭﻳﺢ ﻭﺁﻟﺑﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺯﺑﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺍﺳﻣﺎﻋﻳﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺗﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻧﺻﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝ ﺟﺎﻣﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺍﻡ ﺣﺫﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺳﻠﻳﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝ ﺩﻫﻳﻡ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 226‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫‪-٧‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺣﺳﻭﻥ ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺿﻡ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺣﻣﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻋﺳﻛﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻋﻠﻛﻡ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻋﻠﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺯﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺧﺭﻳﻑ ‪.‬‬
‫‪. ٤٢‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻣﺣﺎﺳﻥ ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻧﻬﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺣﺭﻳﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺷﻭﻳﺣﺔ ) (‬
‫‪-٩‬ﺍﻟﺑــﻭ ﺟﺎﺳــﻡ ‪ :‬ﻧﺧــﻭﺗﻬﻡ )ﺍﺧــﻭﺓ ﻏﺭﻳﺑــﺔ( ﻳﺳــﻛﻧﻭﻥ ﻓــﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺷــﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﻓــﻲ ﺍﻟﺷــﺎﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻫــﻡ ﻓﺭﻭﻋﻬﻡ‪:‬ﺍﻟﺑــﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻣﻳﺭ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻫﺎﻁﻭﺭ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺍﺣﻣﻳﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺩﻏﻳﻣﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺍﻝ ﻧﺻﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺷﺧﻳﺭﺓ ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺣﻠﻔﺎء ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﺿـﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺑﺎﺋﻝ‪،‬ﻗﺑﻳﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﺑﻭﺭ‪،‬ﻭﻗﺳــــﻡ ﻣــــﻥ ﺍﻝ ﺑــــﺩﻳﺭ)‪.(٤٣‬ﻭﻳﻠﺣــــﻖ ﺑﻬــــﻡ ﺳــــﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠــ ـﺔ ﻓــــﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﺎﻭﻳــــﺔ ﻭﺍﺑــــﻭ ﺍﺟﻔــــﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻡ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﻧﻳـــﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻣﻝ‪،‬ﺍﻻﻣﻳﺎﻝ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺟﻳﺭ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺑـــﻭ ﺳـــﻳﺩ ﻧﺎﺻـــﺭ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻓﺭﻳﺣـــﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻣﺣﻣـــﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑـــﻭ ﺯﻳـــﺩ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ‬
‫‪. ٤٤‬‬
‫ﺻﻬﻳﻭﺓ) (‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻳﺎ" ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺭﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ ﻋﻣﻭﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻁﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻣﺛﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺑﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﻪ)‪ (١‬ﻭﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﻳﻧﺗﻣﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺻﻝ ﻣﺷﺗﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺟﻣﻌﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺗﺭﺑﻁﻬﻡ ﺭﺍﺑﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺑﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺩﻡ ﻟﻸﻫﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺑﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻟﻠﻘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺭﺑﻁ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﻔﻅ ﻛﻳﺎﻧﻪ )‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﻣﺭﺕ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﺑﺄﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻫﻡ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺣﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﻣﺗﻣﻳﺯﺓ ﻷﻭﻟﺋﻙ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻣﺛﻠﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﻘﺳﻡ ﺍﻷﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺇﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻅﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺭﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺗﻘﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻣﻠﻭﺍ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻳﻥ ﺁﻟﻑ ﻗﺳﻡ ﻗﻠﻳﻝ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺗﺟﻪ ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ ﻧﺣﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ)‪ .(٥‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻣﺯﺍﺭﻋﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﺷﺗﻐﻠﻭﻥ ﺑﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻏﻧﺎﻡ ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻳﺭﺣﻠﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﺭﺍء ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻡ ﻣﺗﻭﻁﻧﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﻘﺭﺕ ﺭﺣﻠﺗﻬﻡ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 227‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔﺎﻑ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﺎﺭ ‪.‬ﺍﺧﺗﺎﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻠﺏ ﻻﻏﻳﺭﻩ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﺟﺩﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻣﻳﺔ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ‬
‫ﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻻﺭﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺗﻪ ﻭﺧﺻﻭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺑﺔ)‪.(٤٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺳﺑﺑﺎ ﻻﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻧﺯﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺳـﺣﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺳﺗﻐﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﻡ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺛﻡ ﺗﻭﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﺧﺭﻯ ﻣﻭﺍﻟﻳـﺔ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﻟﻳﺗﺳـﻧﻰ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﺳـﻳﻁﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ)‪. (٤٦‬ﻭﻣـﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻧﺯﺍﻋـﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺣـﺩﺙ ﻋـﺎﻡ ‪١٨٦٨‬ﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘـﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻌـﺎﺭﺓ )ﺍﻟﺣﻳـﺭﺓ( ﻋﻧـﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﻭﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺟﻣﻳـﻊ ﺍﺭﺍﺿـﻲ ﺍﻟﺷـﻳﺦ ﻣﻁﻠـﻙ ﺑـﻥ ﻛﺭﻳـﺩﻱ ﺷـﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺧﺯﺍﻋـﻝ ﻭﺍﺑﻌﺩﺗـﻪ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻁﻧﺑﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻋﻁﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺭﺋﻳﺱ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺟﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻳﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻣـﻥ ﺍﺑﻧـﺎء ﻋﺷـﻳﺭﺗﻪ ﻭﻧـﺯﻝ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺑﻧﺗﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﺣﺩﺛﺕ ﻣﻧﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﺕ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﺎ ﻧﺻﻑ ﻗﺭﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺣﺩﺙ ﻋﺎﻡ)‪١٨٧٧‬ﻡ(‬
‫ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻫﺎﺟﻡ ﺍﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺎﺯﻟﻬﻡ ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺻﺩﻫﻡ ﺑﻘـﻭﺓ ﻋﺳـﻛﺭﻳﺔ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﻛﺎﻧـﺕ‬
‫‪. ٤٧‬‬
‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺩﺣﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ) (‬
‫ﺛﻡ ﺟﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﺟﻭﻡ ﺍﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ ﺑﻘﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺑﻁﺎﻥ ﺑﻥ ﻁﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻭﺣﺎﺻﺭﻭﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﻣﺿـﺎﻥ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪١٨٧٨‬ﻡ ﺍﺧﺫﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻁﻌﺗﻲ ﻋﻘﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﻘﻰ ﻣـﻥ ﻧﻬـﺭ ﺍﻟﺷـﺎﻣﻳﺔ ﻣـﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻭﻫﺩﻟﻪ ﺭﺋﻳﺱ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻛﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺗﻼﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺷﺭﻳﻛﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻟﺗﺯﺍﻡ ﻣﻐﻳﺭ ﺑـﻥ ﻋﻣـﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺋـﻳﺱ‬
‫ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺩ ﻭﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﻋﺟﺯﻫﻣﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺑﺩﻝ ﺍﻻﻟﺗﺯﺍﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﻁﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﻌﺎﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻝ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻟﺩﻩ ﺷﻧﺗﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪١٨٧٩‬ﻡ ﻋﺟﺯ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﻋـﻥ ﺗﺳـﺩﻳﺩ ﺑـﺩﻝ ﺍﻻﻟﺗـﺯﺍﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﻁـﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺣﺕ ﺗﺻﺭﻑ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﺫﻛﺭﻩ ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻧﺗﻬـﺎء ﻣـﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺗـﺯﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺳﻧﺗﻳﻥ ﻋﻔﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺟﻌﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺑﻘﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻳﺩ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ)‪.(٤٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪١٨٨٢‬ﻡ ﺳﺟﻠﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﻌﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻋﺑـﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻳـﺩ ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺛـﺭ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﺷـﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺭﺋﻳﺱ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺑﺗﻘﺳﻳﻡ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﻁﻊ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻁﻰ ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﺷـﻧﺗﺔ ﻭﺳـﻛﺭ ﻭﻣﺑـﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺯﻫﺭ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻋﻁﻰ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﺧﻳـﻪ ﺷـﻁﻧﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻋﻁـﻰ ﻗﻁﻌـﺎ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻭﺟﻬـﺎء ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺑﻭﺣﺳـﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭﺗـﻭﻳﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻳﺭﻫﻡ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻫﺏ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌـﺫﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟـﻭﺩﻳﻥ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﺩﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺗﺎﺟﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺻﻠﺔ ﺫﻫﺏ ﻫﻧﺩﻳﺔ ﺳﻧﻭﻳﺎ)‪(٤٩‬ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺛـﺭ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﻓـﻲ ﻋـﺎﻡ ‪ ١٨٩٨‬ﻫـﺎﺟﻡ ﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺷﺑﻝ )ﺍﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻔﺔ ( ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻻﺕ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﺑـﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺷـﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﺭﻛـﺔ ﻣﻌﻬـﻡ ﺫﻫـﺏ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 228‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺿﺣﻳﺗﻬﺎ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺷﺧﺻﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻳﻥ ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻬﻡ ﻋـﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺧﻳﺑـﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺛـﻡ ﻫﺟـﻡ ﺍﻝ ﺷـﺑﻝ )ﺍﻫـﻝ ﺍﻟﺷـﺎﻣﻳﺔ( ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺯﺍﻋـﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻣﻳﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺑﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻳﻔﻠﺣﻭﺍ ﺑﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﺿﺣﺎﻳﺎ)‪.(٥٠‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﺳﻌﻰ ﺩﺍﺋﻣﺎ ﻻﺧﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻳﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺷﻘﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻣﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺳﻳﻣﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﻓﺗﺳﺗﻣﻳﻠﻬﻡ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﻓﺗﻌﻁﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﺍﺭﺿﺎ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﻠﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺛـﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺛﻡ ﺗﺎﺧﺫﻫﺎ ﻣﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﻁﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺧﺭ ﻭﻫﻛﺫﺍ ‪،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﺩﻯ ﺑـﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻭﻗـﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺣـﺭﻭﺏ ﺑﻳـﻧﻬﻡ ﻻﻛﺗﺳـﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻣﻠﻙ ﺍﺧﺻﺏ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻭﺳﻌﻬﺎ ﻳﻣﻠﻙ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻗﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻘـﺩﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺻـﻝ ﻛﺎﻧـﺕ ﺑﺩﺍﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻧﺯﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺳﻳﺭﺩ ﺫﻛﺭﻫﺎ ﻻﺣﻘـﺎ ً)‪.(٥١‬ﻭﻟﻘـﺩ ﻛﺎﻧـﺕ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﺑﻘﻳـﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫﻳـﺔ ﻟـﻼﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﺣﻖ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻣﻧﺣﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻭﺳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻣﺎﻳﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺭﺗﺑﺔ ﺑﻳـﻙ)‪ ،(٥٢‬ﻭﻫـﺫﺍ ﻣـﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻬـﻡ ﺍﺳـﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻁ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻭﺻﻔﺕ ﻗﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻛﺛﺭﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﻗﺑﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺣﺿﺭﺍ" ‪،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺑﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻌﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻌﻣﺔ ﺳـﺑﺏ ﻣـﻥ ﺃﺳـﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻳـﺔ)‪) (٥٣‬ﺟﻌﻔـﺭ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻳﻠـﻲ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ﻛﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺭﻓﺗﻬﻡ ﺹ‪(٩٤‬‬
‫ﺗﻭﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٠٤‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺑﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻣﻰ)ﺍﺑﻭ ﺷﺧﺎﻁﺔ( ﻣﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﻭﻟﻳﺭﻩ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻣﺭ ﺗﺟﺎﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺋﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .‬ﻭﺧﻠﻑ ﺧﻣﺳﺔ ﺑﻧـﻳﻥ ﻫـﻡ ‪ :‬ﺷـﻧﺗﺔ ﻭﻣﺑـﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﺯﻫـﺭ ﻭﻣﺟﺑـﻝ ﻭﺳـﻛﺭﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺗـﻭﻟﻰ ﺭﺋﺎﺳـﺔ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻩ ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺷﻧﺗﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺗﻭﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻳـﺎﺓ ﺍﺑﻳـﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣـﺩﺙ ﻣـﻥ ﺑﻌـﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳـﺭ ﻣـﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺯﺍﻋـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻣﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٠٧‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻳﺎﻡ ﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺳﻛﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﻌﺕ ﻣﻌﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ )ﺍﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻔـﺔ()‪ (٥٤‬ﻭﺑـﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺳﻡ )‪(٥٥‬ﻗﺗﻝ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ‪ ٣٥‬ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣـﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺛـﺭ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺩﺛـﺔ ﺗﻭﺟﻬـﺕ ﻗـﻭﺓ ﻋﺳـﻛﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻧﺣﻭ ﺍﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ ﻓﻬﺩﻣﺕ ﻗﻼﻋﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﻠﺗﻬﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻳﻬﻡ )‪.(٥٦‬ﻭﻣﻬﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻣﺭ ﻓـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺻـﺭﻑ ﻟـﻡ‬
‫ﻳﺗﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻳﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻻﺫﻯ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﻭﺩﺣﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣـﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻠﺑـﺕ ﺻـﻔﺣﺔ ﺟﺩﻳـﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺩﺗﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩١١‬ﻡ ﻭﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﺑﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﻧﺟﺩ ﺍﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺍﺩﺧﻠﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻁ ﻟﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﺯﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﺗﺣﻁﻳﻡ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺧﺯﺍﻋﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻋﻅﻡ ﺷﺄﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﻳﺭﺕ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﺑﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻔﻬﻡ ﻓﺎﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﺛﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﻁﻧﻳﺎ ً ﻭﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺿﺩﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻥ ﻧﻼﺣﻅ ﺑﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﻧﻬﻡ ﻟﺑﻭ ﻧﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻁﻠﻘﻪ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء ﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺩﺧﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ ﻓﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎء ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻝ ﻓﻲ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 229‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺷﻌﻳﺑﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩١٥‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ ﻟﻬﻡ ﺍﺛﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺣﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺗﻼﻫﺎ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺍﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺻﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ ﺑﻘﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‪..١٩٢٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫)ﻣﺑــﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋــﻭﻥ‪:‬ﺍ ﺍﻟــﻭﻻﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺏ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺷــﺄﺓ‪،‬ﻭﺑﻭﺍﻛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟــﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻛــﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳــﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓــﻲ ﺍﻻﺣــﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪(١٩١٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ‪،‬ﻭﻟﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪١٨٧٠‬ﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺩﻳﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻲ ﻟﻧﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻩ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺭ‪،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺁﻧﺫﺍﻙ ﻗﺭﻳﺔ ﺻﻐﻳﺭﺓ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺳﻧﺟﻖ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺧﻭﻳﻥ ﻫﻣﺎ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻛﺭ)‪(٥٧‬‬
‫ﻧﺳﺑﻪ‪::‬ﻫﻭﻣﺑﺩﺭﺑﻥ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺑﻥ ﻳﺎﻗﻭﺕ ﺑﻥ ﻋﺑﻭﺩ ﺑﻥ ﺷﺑﻳﺏ ﺑﻥ ﺍﺣﻣﺩ ﺑﻥ ﺍﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺑﻥ ﺍﺩﻟﻳﻬﻡ ﺑﻥ ﻣﻁﻠﺏ ﻣﻭﺳﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ )‪(٥٨‬‬
‫ﻧﺷﺄﺗﻪ ﻭﺛﻘﺎﻓﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻠﻡ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍءﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﺗﺎﺏ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺎﺗﻳﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍّء‪،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻭﻟﻌﺎ ً ﺑﻘﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻁﺎﻟﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺭﻋﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺳﺭﻩ ﻏﻧﻳﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﺷﺗﻬﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺭﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺟﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺑﺭﺯ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺷﻳﺧﺎ" ﻣﺑﺟﻼ"‬
‫ﻣﺛﻘﻔﺎ" ﺃﺩﻳﺑﺎ" ﺧﻁﻳﺑﺎ" ﻣﺗﺿﻠﻌﺎ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺭﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺷﻌﺭ ‪،‬ﻳﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻳﻥ‪،‬ﻭﻳﺟﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺗﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻧﺳﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺿﻼ" ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ)‪ ،(٥٩‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻥ ﻫﻭﺍﺓ ﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻝ "ﺩﺍﺭﻣﻲ" ﻭﻣﻣﺎﻳﻧﺳﺏ ﻟﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺎ ﺻﺎﺑﺭ ﻭﻧﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﺩﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫‪.‬ﻭﺃﺭﻳﺩ ﻋﻳﻭﻥ ﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﺗﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﻑ ﺍﺧﺵ ﻟﻠﻐﻣﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫‪٦٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻧﺳﻝ ﻭﺍﺭﺍﻭﻳﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻳﺔ) (‬
‫ﻭﻳﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺳﻳﻁ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺻﺑﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺗﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﺫﻯ ﻭﻭﺷﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍء‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻐﺭﺿﻳﻥ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺻﺑﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﺣﺗﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻲ ﺗﺭﻯ ﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺣﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﺩﻯ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻅﻠﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ ﻳﺅﻛﺩ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ )ﺃﻱ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ( ﻛﺎﻟﺳﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻣﺭﺓ ﻳﺟﻧﺢ ﻟﻠﺳﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻔﻭ ﻭﻳﺩﺧﻝ ﻏﻣﺩﻩ ﻣﻁﻣﺋﻧﺎ" ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺭﺓ ﻳﻧﺳﻝ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻏﻣﺩﻩ ﻟﻳﺫﻳﻖ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻻﻏﺭﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﻼ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺎ ﻣﺣﻧﻛﺎ ﻭﺣﺎﺯﻣﺎ ﺣﻛﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﺻﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻭﻗﻑ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺗﺿﻳﻪ)( ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ" ﻋﺻﺎﻣﻳﺎ‪،‬ﺛﻘﻑ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ ﺑﻧﻔﺳﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺣﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻗﺗﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺏ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 230‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺻﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ‪،‬ﺍﻻﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻛﻭﻥ ﻟﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺭﺓ ﺑﺷﺗﻰ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺏ‪،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺷﺄﺓ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﺧﻭﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺫﻳﻥ ﺍﺻﺑﺢ ﻟﻬﻡ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﻧﻬﻡ ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﺑﻥ ﺃﺧﻳﻪ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﻭﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﺑﻥ ﺃﺧﻳﻪ ﺳﻛﺭ ﺍﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺣﺛﻬﻡ ﺩﻭﻣﺎ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻁﺎﻟﻌﺔ)‪(٦١‬‬
‫ﺑﻭﺍﻛﻳﺭ ﻭﻋﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺷﺎﻁﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻛﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫‪, ، ٦٢‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺩ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺑﺭﺯ ﺯﻋﻣﺎء ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﻼﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﻳﺧﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺧﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ) ( ﺗﻘﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺿﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻳﻣﻧـﻰ ﻣـﻥ ﻧﻬـﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺷـﺧﺎﺏ)‪ .(٦٣‬ﻭﻫـﻭ ﺃﻳﺿـﺎ" ﺯﻋـﻳﻡ ﺳﻳﺎﺳـﻲ ﻋﺷـﺎﺋﺭﻱ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻳـﺩﻋﻭ‬
‫ﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ )‪ . (٦٤‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﻋﺭﻭﺑﻳﺎ ﻳﺣﺏ ﻭﻁﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻣﺗﻪ ﻭﻋﻣﻝ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺿﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺃﻳﻠﻭﻝ ‪١٩١١‬ﻡ ﻭﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﻬﺟﻭﻡ ﺇﻳﻁﺎﻟﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁـﺭﺍﺑﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﻐـﺭﺏ ﻓـﻲ ﻟﻳﺑﻳـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﻙ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎ" ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬﺑﻭﺍ ﻟﻧﺻـﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻓﺭﻳﻥ‪ ،،‬ﻭﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﺄﻟﻔﺕ ﻟﺟﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﻟﺟﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻧﻬـﺎ ﻟﺟﻧـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ ﺑﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻳﺏ ﺟﻣﻌﺕ ﺍﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻳﺭﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻁﻭﻉ ﺍﻻﻻﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺳﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻟﻠﻣﺷـﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺗﺎﻝ ﻟﻛﻧﻬﻡ ﻟﻡ ﻳﺫﻫﺑﻭﺍ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺻﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺑﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﺷـﻳﺦ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠـﻪ ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻥ ﻻﺳﺑﺎﺏ ﺳﻳﺭﺩ ﺫﻛﺭﻫﺎ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻧﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ‪،‬ﺑﻣﺑﻠﻎ )‪ (٥٠٠‬ﻟﻳﺭﻩ ﺫﻫﺑﻳﺔ ﻛﻣـﺎ ﺍﻋـﺭﺏ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﻌﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻟﻠﻣﺷﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ)‪(٦٥‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻛﺎﻓﺄﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺄﻁﻠﻖ ﺳﺭﺍﺣﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻥ ﻫـﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﺭﺑﺎﺋـﻪ ﻣـﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ )‪ ،(٦٦‬ﻭﻻﻏﺭﻭ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﻣﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﺍ ﻭﺍﺿﺣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠـﻭ ﺭﻭﺣـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻛﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺯﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺗﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩١١‬ﻭﺳﺎﻫﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﺗﺄﺳـﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﻧـﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣـﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺑﻐـﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺩﺍﻳـﺔ ﻋـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪١٩١٢‬ﻡ)‪ ،(٦٧‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺩﺑﻳﺎ" ﻭﺑﺎﻁﻧﻪ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺎ)‪(٦٨‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺻـﻁﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﺷـﻳﺦ ﻣﺑـﺩﺭ ﻣﻌـﻪ ﺍﺑـﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻳــﻪ ﻓﺭﻳــﻖ ﺍﻝ ﻣﺯﻫﺭﺍﻟــﻰ ﺑﻐــﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺩﺧﻠــﻪ ﻣﺩﺭﺳــﺔ ﺍﺑﺗﺩﺍﺋﻳــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻳﻧﻣــﺎ ﺍﻛﻣــﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳــﺔ ﺍﺩﺧﻠــﻪ ﻓــﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﺭﺳــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﻌﻔﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺍﻛﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﺿـﺎ ﻭﺍﺻـﺑﺢ ﺷـﺎﺑﺎ ﻣﺛﻘﻔـﺎ ﻣﺗﻌﻠﻣـﺎ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻟـﻪ ﺷـﺄﻥ ﻛﺑﻳـﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﻋﺷـﻳﺭﺗﻪ ﻭﻭﻁﻧـﻪ ﻓﻳﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺩ)‪(٦٩‬ﻭﻳﺅﺷﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﻣﺭ ﻣﺩﻯ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﺛﻘﺎﻓﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻳﻝ ﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻣﺛﻘﻑ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 231‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﻭﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻳﺏ ﺑﺗﺄﺳﻳﺱ ﻓﺭﻉ ﻟﻠﺣﺯﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺗﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻼﺗﺭﺍﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ ﻓـﻲ ‪٦‬‬
‫ﺍﺏ ‪ ،١٩١١‬ﺍﺭﺳﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺯﺏ ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺷﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺭﺯﻳﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻣـﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳـﺔ ﻳـﺩﻋﻭﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺗﺄﺳﻳﺱ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﺣﺯﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺩﻧﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﺧﺗﻳﺭ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺳـﻳﺩ ﻫـﺎﺩﻱ ﺯﻭﻳﻥ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺷـﻳﺦ‬
‫ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ ﻟﻳﻛﻭﻧﻭﺍ ﻧﻭﺍﺓ ﻟﻠﺣﺯﺏ ﺍﻟﻣـﺫﻛﻭﺭ)‪.(٧٠‬ﻭﻗـﺩ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺷـﻳﺦ ﻣﺑـﺩﺭ ﺷـﻳﺧﺎ ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻭﺟﻪ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻡ ﻳﺧﻔﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺯﻋﺔ "ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻻﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻏﺭﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩١٣‬ﺍﻟﻰ ﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﻳﺔ) ‪ (٧١‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺃﺳﺳﻬﺎ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪ ,‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺷﺑﺎﻁ ‪١٩١٣‬ﻡ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺍﻣﺗﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﻧﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﺳـﻁ ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ ﻭﻣﻧﻁﻘـﺔ ﻋﺷـﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﺷـﺎﻣﻳﺔ‬
‫) ‪( ٧٢‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻣﻳﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺑﺩ‪،‬ﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻧﺿﻡ ﺍﻟﻳﻬﺎ ﺯﻋﻣـﺎء ﻋﺷـﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳـﻁ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺛﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻻﻧﺗﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻓﻛﺎﺭﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ)‪ ، (٧٣‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺗﺄﺛﺭ ﻛﺛﻳـﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺷﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﺑﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﻧﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﻝ ﺳﻛﺭ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻟﺗـﺄﺛﺭﻩ ﺑﻌﻣـﻪ‬
‫)ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ( ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻟﻘﺏ )ﻣﺛﻘﻑ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ()‪ (٧٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ﺍﺛﺭ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺯﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺑﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﺑﻥ ﺃﺧﻳﻪ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺭﺍﻓﻘﺗـﻪ ﻟـﻪ ﺑﺷـﻛﻝ ﻣﺑﺎﺷـﺭ ﻓﺎﻛﺗﺳـﺏ ﻣﻧـﻪ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳـﺭ ﺳـﻭﺍء ﻛﺎﻧـﺕ ﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻁﻳﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻳﻭﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺳﻭﺍء ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺑـﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻳﻪ ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻣﺭ ﺫﻛﺭﻩ)‪.(٧٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺎ ﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺷـﺎﺋﺭ)‪ ،(٧٦‬ﻭﻗـﺩ ﻭﺻـﻔﺗﻪ ﺍﺣـﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘـﺎﺭﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪" :‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺷﻬﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻣﻝ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻻﺗﺭﺍﻙ ﺿﺎﺑﻁﺎ ً ﺫﻛﻳﺎ ً ﻏﻳﺭ ﺭﺳﻣﻲ ﻭﺗﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺻﺏ ﻣﻣﺛﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻣﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ)‪(٧٧‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻣﺔ")‪ ،(٧٨‬ﺍﻫـﺗﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻳﺣﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻉ ﺳﻧﻭﻳﺎ ﺑﻣﺑـﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﺎﻟﻳـﺔ ﻛﺑﻳـﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺟﻬـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺗﻣـﺔ ﺑـﺎﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻟﺗﻭﺳﻳﻌﻪ ﻭﻧﺷﺭﻩ ﻭﺳﻌﻰ ﻟﺗﺄﺳـﻳﺱ ﻣﻛﺗـﺏ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﻠـﻳﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘـﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷـﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﺣـﺭﺹ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﺑـﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻁـﻼﺏ ﻓﻳـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺟﺎﻧﺎ)‪،(٧٩‬ﻭﺗﻌﺭﺿﺕ ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻔﻳﺔ)‪ (٨٠‬ﻟﻠﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺷـﻳﺦ ﻣﺑـﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﻣـﻥ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺗﺑﺭﻋـﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺟﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺍﻥ ﺗﺑﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﻬﺭ ﺳﻣﻭ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﺭﺋـﻳﺱ‬
‫ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺭ ﻭﺗﻭﻁﻳﺩ ﺍﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻗﻲ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺑﻠﻐـﺕ ﺣﺗـﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻣﺧﺻﺻـﺎﺗﻪ ﻟﺗﻭﺳـﻳﻊ ﻧﻁـﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﺳﻧﺔ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ )‪ (٢٠٠٠‬ﻓﺭﻧﻙ") ‪، ( ٨١‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 232‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﻭﻋﻧﺩ ﺷﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺑﻭﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻥ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺭﺍﻙ ﻟﻧﻳﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺳﺗﻘﻁﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻣﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻛﻲ ﻳﺩﻋﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻧﺗﺳﺏ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﻠﻔﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﺳﺳﻪ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﺛﻘﻔﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪١٩١٢‬ﻡ ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻳﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻼﻣﺭﻛﺯﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻡ‪.‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﻋﺿﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﻧﺎﺟﻲ ﻭﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻳﺑﻲ ﻭﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻳﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺳﻛﺭﻱ ﻭﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻁﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻛﺭﺗﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺯﺍﺣﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺟﺟﻲ)‪ .(٨٢‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﺎء ﺍﻻﺗﺭﺍﻙ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻧﺗﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺩﻱ ﺧﺻﻭﺻﺎ ً ﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﻘﻔﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﺑﺎء ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺗﻣﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺩﻱ )‪.(٨٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪ ١٩١٣‬ﺍﻋﻠﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺭﺍﻙ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﻳﻥ ﺧﻁﺎﺑﺎ ً ﻣﻬﻣﺎ ً ﺩﻋﺎ ﻓﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻁﺎﻟﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ )‪ .(٨٤‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺫﻛﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻪ )‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺻﻌﺔ( ﻭﺫﻛﺭﻩ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺎﺫ ﺣﺳﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻪ ) ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ( ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻪ ) ﻟﻣﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺭﻳﻥ( ﻭﻣﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ﻓﻳﻪ‪ ):‬ﺳﺎﺩﺗﻲ ﻛﻧﺎ ﻧﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﻣﺛﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻧﺗﺣﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻣﺻﻳﺭ ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﺎﺅﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﺟﺩﺍﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﺯﺯﻳﻥ ﻣﻛﺭﻣﻳﻥ ﻭﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻧﺗﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻋﻣﺎﻟﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺕ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻳﻭﻡ ﻭﻛﻠﻛﻡ ﺍﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻋﻣﺎء ﻭﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﻭﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻥ ﺗﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻠﻛﻡ ﻋﺭﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﺎﻋﺭﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓــﻼ ﻣـــﻠﻙ ﺍﻻ ﺗﻔﻳــــﺎ ﻅـﻠﻧـــﺎ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺧﺎﻑ ﺟﻳﺵ ﺍﻻﻛﺛﺭﻳﻥ ﺍﻗﻠﻧـــﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺿــﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻣــﺎﻙ ﻋﻠﻧــﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺧﺎﺏ ﻣﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻩ ﻣﺛﻠﻧﺎ)‪(٨٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﻳﺗﺑﻳﻥ ﻟﻧﺎ ﻋﻣﻖ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻲ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﺛﻘﺎﻓﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻳﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺑﻪ ﻟﻭﻁﻧﻪ ﻭﺩﻳﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﺿﺣﻳﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻔﻳﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺟﻝ ﻋﺯﺓ ﻭﻛﺭﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻭﺍﻫﺩ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻧﺄﺗﻲ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺻﻔﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﺧﺭ ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺑﻘﻳﺎﺩﺓ ) ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺭﺍﻙ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩١٠‬ﻡ ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﺩﻋﻡ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺭﺯﻳﻥ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﺟﺗﻣﻌﻭﺍ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ) ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻳﺭ ()‪ (٨٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌـﺩ‬
‫ﺧﻣﺳﺔ ﺍﻣﻳﺎﻝ ﺟﻧﻭﺑﻲ ﻣﺩﻳﻧﺔ ﺍﺑﻲ ﺻﺧﻳﺭ‪،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎء ﻭﺟﻪ ﻟﻬـﻡ ﻣﺑـﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋـﻭﻥ ﻛﻠﻣـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳـﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﻣـﺎ ﺟـﺎء‬
‫ﻓﻳﻬﺎ‪ ":‬ﺳﺎﺩﺗﻲ ﻛﻧﺎ ﻧﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﻣﺛﻧﻰ ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ‪،‬ﻭﻧﺗﺣـﺎﺩﺙ ﻋـﻥ ﻣﺻـﻳﺭ ﺑﻼﺩﻧـﺎ ﺍﻟﺗـﻲ ﻋـﺎﺵ ﻓﻳﻬـﺎ ﺁﺑﺎﺅﻧـﺎ ﻭﺍﺟـﺩﺍﺩﻧﺎ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 233‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﻣﻌــﺯﺯﺑﻥ ﻣﻛﺭﻣﻳﻥ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻌــﺩﻡ ﺍﻧﺗﻅــﺎﻡ ﺍﻋﻣﺎﻟﻧــﺎ ﻟــﻡ ﺗــﺄﺕ ﺗﻠــﻙ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋــﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺗﻳﺟــﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑــﺔ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻳﻭﻡ ﻧﺟﺗﻣــﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻠﻛﻡ‪..‬ﻋﺭﺏ )‪(٨٧‬ﻭﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﻲ ﺃﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﻟﺣﺿﺭﺍﺗﻛﻡ ﺑﻛﻠﻣﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺟﻳﺯﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺧﺗﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻣﺎﺗﺷﺎﺅﻭﻭﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪...‬ﺳﺎﺩﺗﻲ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻖ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻖ ﻓﺎﺧﺗﺎﺭ ﻣﻧﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﺧﺗﺎﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻗﺭﻳﺷﺎ"‪،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺗﺎﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺭﻳﺵ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺷﻣﺎ"‪،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺗﺎﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺎﺷﻡ ﻧﺑﻳﻧﺎ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ )ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ(‪،‬ﻭﺍﺻﻁﻔﺎﻩ ﻟﺩﻳﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﺧﺗﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‪،‬ﺗﻠﻙ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺁﺑﺎﺅﻛﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﺩﺍﺩﻛﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺫﻥ ﺍﻧﺗﻡ ﺍﺣﺳﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪.‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺳﺗﻧﺎﺩﺍ" ﻟﻘﻭﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ " ﻛﻧﺗﻡ ﺧﻳﺭ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺃﺧﺭﺟﺕ ﻟﻠﻧﺎﺱ‪،‬؟ ﻭﻻﺯﻟﺗﻡ ﻛﺫﻟﻙ ‪،‬ﻓﻠﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺭﻛﻧﻭﻥ ﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻧﺑﻲ ﻟﻳﺳﻳﻁﺭ ﻋﻠﻳﻛﻡ ﻭﺃﻧﺗﻡ ﻛﺄﻧﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺑﻳﺩ ﺗﺣﺕ ﺭﺣﻣﺗﻪ؟ ‪ .....‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻗﻣﺗﻡ ﻭﻁﺎﻟﺑﺗﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻧﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺣﻘﻛﻡ ﺳﺗﺄﺧﺫﻭﻧﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺷﺎء ﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻ ﺳﺗﺑﻘﻭﻥ ﺗﺣﺕ ﺭﺣﻣﺗﻪ ﻣﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻳﻛﻡ ﻭﺭﺣﻣﺔ ﷲ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺭﻛﺎﺗﻪ)‪. (٨٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻳﻥ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻠﻬﻡ ‪:‬ﺍﻧﻧﺎ ) ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻣﺎﻗﻠﺕ( ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﻧﻰ ﻋﻥ ﺁﺧﺭﻧﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺄﺧﺫ ﺣﻘﻧﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ" ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﻧﻘﻭﺹ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺿﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﺩء ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ‪.‬ﻭﺍﺧﺫﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻳﺗﺄﻫﺏ ﻭﻳﺷﺣﺫ ﺍﻟﻬﻣﻡ ﻟﻠﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺿﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ)‪،(٨٩‬ﻭﺑﻌﺩﻣﺩﺓ ﻗﻠﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻋﻘﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺗﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﺍﻻﺷﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻘﺎء ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻌﻼ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺭﺋﻳﺱ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺩﻳﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﻭﻋﻘﺩ ﻣﻌﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﺎ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﻱ ﺣﺿﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻉ ﺧﻁﺑﺔ‪،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ‪":‬‬
‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﻋﻠﻳﻛﻡ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺧﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺗﺣﺩﻭﺍ ﻭﺗﺗﻌﺎﺿﺩﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﺑﻳﻧﻛﻡ ﻓﺗﻛﺎﻓﺣﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻅﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﺑﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻟﺗﻛﻭﻧﻭﺍ ﺃﺣﺭﺍﺭﺍ‪......‬ﺗﻛﻭﻧﻭﺍ ﻳﺩﺍ" ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻭﻛﻡ‪. (٩٠ ) ".‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻰ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻣﺗﻪ ﻗﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻌﻼ ﺍﺳﺗﺣﺿﺭ ﻟﻠﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩١٣‬ﺛﻡ ﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻳﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺍﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﺷﻬﺭ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻳﺷﺗﺭﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ‪،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻭﺷﻲ ﺑﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻣﺗﺻﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻳﺭﺍﺳﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺻﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻭﺿﺣﺎ ﻟﻬﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺭﺍﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻧﻘﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻧﻬﻡ ﺑﺗﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻟﺳﻠﺏ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻳﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻋﻁﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻭﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ .‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﺍﺣﺿﺭ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻣﺻﺣﻔﺎ ﻭﻛﺗﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﺳﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﻳﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﻲ ‪):‬ﺍﻧﻧﻲ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﻗﺳﻡ ﺑﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺳﻭﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻧﻧﻲ ﻟﻡ ﺍﻛﺎﺗﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﻭﻟﻡ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﻣﻌﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺿﺩ ﺍﻻﺗﺭﺍﻙ ()‪ . (٩١‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻛﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻳﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺣﻑ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 234‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺻﺭﻑ ﻭﻳﻁﻠﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻳﻣﻳﻥ ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺛﺑﺕ ﺍﺧﻼﺹ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻣﺎ ﺳﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺟﺭﺩ ﻭﺷﺎﻳﺔ ﻳﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﺫﺍء ﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺻﺭﻑ ﻭﻧﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﺗﺣﺎ ﺍﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺗﻭﺏ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻳﻣﻳﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺻﺭﻑ ﻏﺿﺏ ﻭﺍﺧﺫ ﻳﻘﺳﻡ ﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻳﻌﺎﻗﺏ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﺷﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﺧﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻳﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺣﻘﻖ ﺑﻣﻬﻣﺗﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲء ﻻﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ‪،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺎﻝ)‪.(٩٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﺧﻼء ﺍﻟﺫﻳﻥ ﺳﻛﻧﻭﺍ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺗﻪ ﻭﻫﻡ ﺃﻧﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﺭﻭﻓﻭﻥ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺳﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺿﺎء ﺍﺑﻲ ﺻﺧﻳﺭ ﻻﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺫﻛﺭﻫﻡ‪،‬ﺍﺫ ﺗﺳﻠﻠﻭﺍ ﻟﻳﻼ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺗﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﻭﺟﻬﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺑﻲ ﺻﺧﻳﺭﺣﺎﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻣﺭﺍﺋﻲ)‪(٩٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩﻣﻭﺍ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺭﺑﺔ) ﻻﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ( ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻝ ﻭﻋﺩﻩ ﻟﻬﻡ ﺑﺎﻋﻁﺎﺋﻬﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻣﻛﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺩﺣﺭ ﺟﻣﻭﻉ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﺭﺓ ﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﺩﻣﺕ‬
‫ﻧﺣﻭﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺭ ﻓﺳﻠﻡ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﺳﺭﺗﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﻭﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ ﻭﺣﺳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺳﻛﺭ ﺍﻧﻔﺳﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻠﻣﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻳﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺧﺯﺍﺋﻥ ﻭﺑﻘﻳﺕ ﻋﻭﺍﺋﻠﻬﻡ ﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺄﻭﻯ )‪((٩٤‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﺧﺭﻭﺟﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺗﻌﺎﺩﻭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻭﺓ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻣﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺩﺧﻝ ﻗﻼﻉ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻳﻘﻭﻝ ) ﻳﺎ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﻭﻣﻛﻡ‬
‫ﺳﻭء ﺍﻟﻌﺫﺍﺏ ( ﺛﻡ ﺍﻣﺭ ﺑﻬﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ)‪ .(٩٥‬ﻟﻡ ﻳﺧﺭﺝ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺑﻘﻭﺍ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺷﻬﻭﺭﺍ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺍﻁﻠﻘﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺳﺭﺍﺣﻬﻡ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻧﺷﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺿﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﺑﺎﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻘﻭﺍ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺩ)‪. (٩٦‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ )‪(٩٧‬ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﺗﺧﻠﺕ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻭﻋﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺷﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ )‪ ،(٩٨‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﺗﺭﺍﻙ ﻟﻭﺣﺩﻩ ﻣﺩﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﺷﻬﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﺛﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺑﺽ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﻳﻪ ﺍﻻﻛﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻥ ﺍﺧﻳﻪ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ ﻭﺣﺳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺭﺗﻳﺏ ﺁﻝ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺳﻠﺗﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ)‪ ،(٩٩‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﻁﺎﻉ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻔﻠﺕ ﻭﻳﻠﺗﺟﺄ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻬﻡ)‪.(١٠٠‬‬
‫ﻗﺭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻋﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺗﻪ ﻟﻭﻻ ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻬﺩ ﺍﻻﻛﺑﺭ ﻳﻭﻡ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻳﺯﺩﻱ)‪(١٠١‬ﻭﺑﻌﺽ ﻭﺟﻬﺎء ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻳﻥ ﺍﻛﺩﻭﺍ ﻟﻼﺗﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻧﻬﻡ ﺳﻭﻑ ﻳﺣﺗﺎﺟﻭﻥ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻣﻛﺎﻧﺗﻬﻡ ﻭﻣﻧﺯﻟﺗﻬﻡ ﻭﺛﻘﻠﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﻟﺫﺍ ﺍﻁﻠﻘﺕ ﺳﺭﺍﺣﻬﻡ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ)‪ (١٠٢‬ﻋﺎﺩ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 235‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪ ١٩١٥‬ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻳﺑﺷﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻭﺟﻭﺏ ﺍﺳﺗﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺭﺯ ﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ)‪. (١٠٣‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﻳﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺷﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﻝ ﺳﻛﺭﻓﻲ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺍﺳـﻠﻔﻧﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻣﻌﺭﻛـﺔ ﺍﻟﺷـﻌﻳﺑﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺻـﺭﺓ ﺑﻘﻳـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺳﻌﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺑﻭﺑﻲ ﺿﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻧﺳﺣﺑﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻧﺗﺣﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻲ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻳﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻙ)‪ (١٠٤‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺛﻡ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺗﻳﻭﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﻭﻛـﺭﺑﻼء ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻠـﺔ ﻁـﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣـﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻟـﺫﺍ ﺟﻬـﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﻭﻥ ﺣﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺗﺎﺩﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﺔ ﺳﻣﻳﺕ ) ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻡ ( ﻭﺳﻣﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ) ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﺎﻛﻑ ()‪.(١٠٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪ ١٩١٨‬ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺭﺍﻝ)ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ( ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻟﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﺑﺎﺋﻝ ﻭﻭﺟﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺳﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺱ)‪ (١٠٦‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺧﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺭﺍﻝ ) ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ (‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﻳﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻥ ﻓﺻﻝ ﺧﻁﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﻛﺎﻧﻭﺍ ﻳﺭﻏﺑﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻣﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺩﺍﺏ ﻣﻥ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻫﻠﻳﺔ ﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ)‪. (١٠٧‬‬
‫ﻓﻧﻬﺽ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺿﺭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﺧﻁﺏ ﺧﻁﺎﺑﺎ ً ﺍﺭﺗﺟﺎﻟﻳﺎ ً ﻧﺷﺭﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻳﻧﻪ ﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻥ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻕ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺑﻠﺑﺎﻗﺔ ﺩﺑﻠﻭﻣﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼﻝ ﻭﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻭﺫﻛﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻭﻋﻭﺩﻫﻡ ﻭﺍﻧﻬﻡ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻅﻣﻰ ﻣﺗﻣﺩﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻳﻖ ﺑﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻔﻲ ﺑﻭﻋﻭﺩ ﻫﺎ)‪.(١٠٨‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﻭﺧﺻﻭﻣﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ"‪:‬ﻣﻌﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺧﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩١١‬ﺍﺳﺗﻠﻡ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﺧﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ) ( ‪ ،‬ﻓﺑﺩﺃ ﺍﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ‬
‫‪١٠٩‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻻﺕ ﻳﺟﻣﻌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻬﺟﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺿﻬﻣﺎ‪ ، ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺷﻬﺭ ﺭﻣﺿﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩١١-١٣٢٩‬ﻫﺟﻡ ﺁﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻭﺗﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻋﻣﻭﻡ ﺁﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ )ﺷﺎﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ( ﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺯﺍﻋﻝ ﻭﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻭﺁﻝ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺗﺑﺎﻋﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺧﻝ‪ (١١٠).‬ﻭﺍﺷﺗﺑﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻳﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻧﺫ ﺑﺯﻭﻍ ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺱ‬
‫ﺣﺗﻰ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻭﺏ ﺑﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﻔﺭﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻣﻘﺗﻝ ‪١٨٠‬ﻗﺗﻳﻼ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ ﻭ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻗﺗﻳﻼ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻻﺕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﺭﺣﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻳﻥ ‪ ٧٠٠‬ﺟﺭﻳﺣﺎ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﺎ ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﺟﻣﺕ ﺑﻘﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻳﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺭﻗﻭﺍ ﺑﻳﻭﺗﻬﻡ ﺛﻡ ﺗﻭﺟﻬﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻌﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻧﻬﺑﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺭﻗﻭﺍ ﺳﻭﻗﻬﺎ ) ‪ .( ١١١‬ﻭﻟﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺟﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﺎﺡ ﺍﺭﺳﻝ ﺍﻟﻳﻬﻡ ﻗﻭﺓ ﻋﺳﻛﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻘﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﻠﻳﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻙ)‪ (١١٢‬ﻭﻟﺣﻅﺔ ﻭﺻﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺑﻲ ﺻﺧﻳﺭ ﺍﺗﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻳﻭﻱ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 236‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺧﻳﺹ ﻭﻁﻭﻕ ﻗﻼﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻌﺻﻳﺔ ﻟﺫﺍ ﻫﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺩﻓﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﻭﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﻻﺫ ﻋﻠﻳﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺭﺧﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﺑﺟﻣﻠﺔ )ﻋﻠﻳﻭﻱ ﺍﻏﺑﺭ( ﺛﻡ ﺷﺗﺕ ﺳﻠﻳﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻳﻙ ﻭﻗﻭﺗﻪ ﺟﻣﻭﻉ ﺍﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﻭﻟﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻠﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻏﻧﺎﻣﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﻼﻫﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺭﺿﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻣﺎﺓ )ﺍﻡ ﺳﺑﺎﻉ()‪ (١١٣‬ﻭﺍﻋﻁﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺣﺳﻥ ﺍﻏﺎ ﺭﺋﻳﺱ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺑﻧﻲ ﺯﺭﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻛﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺛﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺑﻲ ﺻﺧﻳﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﻡ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﻭﻟﺩﺍ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻅﻡ ﻭﻋﺑﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻭﻟﺩﺍ ﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻣﻼﺥ ﺍﻟﺩﻏﻳﺵ ﻭﺟﺎﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺑﻳﺩ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﺎ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻻﺕ ﻭﺟﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﻭ ﺣﻠﻳﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ ﻭﺍﻭﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺟﻥ ﺍﺑﻲ ﺻﺧﻳﺭ)‪. (١١٤‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻳﺎ"‪:‬ﻣﻌﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻛﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺣﺻﻠﺕ ﻣﻌﺭﻛﺔ )ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻛﻭﺏ( ﻫﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ )ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ( ﻭﻗﺩ ﻣﺭ ﻋﻠﻳﻙ ﺃﻥ )ﺳﻠﻳﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﺳﻛﺭﻱ ﺑﻳﻙ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﺿﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺑﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻳﻘﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺎﺭﺑﻳﻥ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻡ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻲ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﻭﻟﺩﻱ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺧﺑﺭ ﺳﺟﻧﻬﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻧﺻﻪ ‪ “ :‬ﺣﺑﺱ ﺷﻳﺧﺎ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﻭﻩ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﻭﺃﺷﺭﺍﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﻷﺗﻬﺎﻣﻬﻡ ﺑﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺟﻌﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻭﺩﻋﻭﺍ ﺟﻣﻳﻌﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺳﺟﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺛﻡ ﻧﻘﻠﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﺟﻥ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ”)‪ (١١٥‬ﻭﻳﻅﻬﺭ ﺃﻧﻬﻡ ﺑﻘﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺟﻥ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪-١٣٣١‬‬
‫‪ ، ١٩١٣‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭﻗﻔﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻳﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺷﺎﻋﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩﻱ )ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﻣﻧﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺟﻪ ﺟﻲ – ﻭﻫﻭ ﺟﺩ ﻋﺩﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻲ ﻋﺿﻭ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻟﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺑﻌﺩ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺯﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻣﺩﺡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﺅﺭﺥ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺧﺭﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﻥ ﺃﺳﻔــﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺟﺏ ﺃﺷﻬﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺳﺟﻧﻭﻩ ﻻ ﻟﺟﺭﻳـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻣﻘﺩﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻳﻔﺎ ً ﻣﻐﻣﺩﺍ ً‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻳﻭﻡ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻣﺷﻬﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻠــﻙ ﺍﻟــﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻧﻭﺍﻟﻪ ﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻟﻳــﻪ ﻟﻣﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺗــــﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﺎﺓ ﻣﺑﺷﺭﺍ‬
‫‪١١٦‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺧﺕ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺧﺳﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺳﺟﻥ ﺃﻣﺳﻰ ﻣﺑﺩﺭﺍ) (‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 237‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ"‪:‬ﻣﻌﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﻳﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻣﺕ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩١٣‬ﻣﻌﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻳﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﻳﺵ ﻭﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺑﻘﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻛﻠﻳﺑﻲ ﻭﺳﻘﻁ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺗﻠﻰ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﻭﻫﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻳﺩﺍﺕ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻭﺻﻠﻭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﺗﻭﺳﻁ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻭﻗﻔﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻛﺔ)‪.(١١٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺛﺭ ﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﺧﺑﺭ ﺣﺎﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻣﺭﺍﺋﻲ)‪ (١١٨‬ﻭﻛﻳﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﺿﺎء ﺍﺑﻲ ﺻﺧﻳﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺩﺙ ﺗﻔﺻﻳﻼ‬
‫ﻓﻁﻠﺏ ﻗﻭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻟﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺗﻭﺟﻬﺕ ﻧﺣﻭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﺑﺽ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ ﻭﻫﻡ ‪ :‬ﻣﺯﻫﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﻛﺎﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ ﻭﻋﺑﺩ ﻧﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﻧﺗﻪ ﻭﺣﺳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ)‪ (١١٩‬ﻭﺍﻭﺩﻋﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻥ‪،‬ﻋﺩﺍ‬
‫ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﺏ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻧﺎء ﻓﺗﻡ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺳﺟﻥ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻓﻌﺭﺿﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻓﻠﻡ ﻳﻘﺑﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﺣﺩ ﻟﺫﺍ ﻭﺯﻋﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﻁﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻣﻳﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺳﻠﺑﺕ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻋﻁﻳﺕ ﻻﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺑـ)ﺳﻧﺔ ﺣﺎﻣﺩ()‪(١٢٠‬‬
‫‪.‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺛﺭ ﺍﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﺗﻐﻳﺭﺕ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻓﺭﺟﺕ ﻋﻧﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻭﺟﻬﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻭﻣﻧﻬﻡ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻟﻳﺳﺗﻠﻣﻭﺍ ﻣﻧﺎﺯﻟﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺿﻬﻡ ﻭﻳﺳﺗﻌﺩﻭﺍ ﻟﻠﻣﺷﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺩ)‪.(١٢١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻣﺳﺎء ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻳﻠﻭﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩١٨‬ﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻅﻣﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ )ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ(ﻟﻠﺷﻳﻭﺥ ﻭﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ‪،‬ﺍﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺩﺧﻭﻟﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﺩ ﻋﻣﻠﻭﺍ ﺣﻔﻠﺔ ﻛﺑﺭﻯ ﺩﻋﻭﺍ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺟﻭﻩ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻓﻳﻬﻡ ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻭﻓﻳﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻣﻣﻥ ﺣﺿﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻹﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﺑﺑﺫﺥ ﻭﺃﻧﺱ ﻭﻁﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺻﻳﻑ ‪١٩١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺫﻛﺭ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺳﺎﻭﻱء ﺍﻻﺗﺭﺍﻙ ﻭﺍﻣﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﺑﻭﻋﻭﺩﻫﻡ ﻭﻳﺣﻘﻘﻭﺍ ﺁﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺟﻣﻳﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼﻝ )‪،(١٢٢‬ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺗﻌﺑﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻣﻧﺔ ‪،‬ﺑﻣﺭﻛﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺭ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺛﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺏ ﻭﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﻭ ﺍﻟﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ ‪،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﻳﻠﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺑﻌﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺭ ﻣﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺗﻘﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﻗﺩ ﺩﺳﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻳﻪ ﺷﻲ ﻣﺎ )‪ .(١٢٣‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﺳﻑ ﻭﺍﺳﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻭﺳﺎﻁ ﺍﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺣﻣﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺭﺑﺔ ﻣﺩﻓﻊ ﺗﺣﻳﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺛﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﺵ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﻛﺏ ﻋﺳﻛﺭﻱ ﻣﻬﻳﺏ ﻭﻗﺩ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 238‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺍﺷﺗﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺷﻳﻌﻪ ﺍﻫﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺟﺎﻻً ﻭﻧﺳﺎءﺍ ً ﻭﻁﻼﺑﺎ ً ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩﻳﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺛﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻳﻑ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪.(١٢٤) ١٩١٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺗﺣﺔ ﻗﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺭ ) ﺩﻳﻠﻲ ( ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺳﻛﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻭﺍء ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺄﺳﻡ ﻣﻠﻙ ﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﺎ‬
‫)‪.(١٢٥‬ﻭﻧﻘﻝ ﺟﺛﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﺍﻻﺷﺭﻑ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺳﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﻌﺵ ﺳﻌﻳﺎ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻛﺳﺏ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ)‪.(١٢٦‬ﻭﻫﻛﺫﺍ ﻁﻭﻳﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻳﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺟﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺑﺻﺩﻕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻧﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻧﺗﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺗﺩﻋﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺭﺍﻙ ﻭﺍﺧﺫ ﺣﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﻘﻼﻟﻬﻡ )‪. (١٢٧‬ﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻧﺗﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﺯﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻭﻟﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﺗﻛﻠﻳﻑ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻥ ﺻﻐﺭ ﺳﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺗﻘﻠﺕ ﺯﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺁﻝ ﺳﻛﺭ ‪.‬ﻭﺫﻛﺭﺕ ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺑﺗﻔﺻﻳﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺟﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ )‪ (١٢٨‬ﻭﻫﻛﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﺗﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﺫﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺫ ﻻﻳﺯﺍﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻭﺝ ﻧﺿﻭﺟﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﺣﺭﻣﺕ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻭﻁﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻣﺗﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﺃﺩﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻗﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺭﻳﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺭﺯﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺷﻳﺦ ﻗﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ‬
‫‪،‬ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻛﻭﻧﻪ ﺯﻋﻳﻡ ﻗﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﻭﻧﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ‪ ،‬ﻻﺳﻳﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺷﻳﺧﺗﻪ ﺍﻣﺗﺩﺕ ﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻲ ‪١٩١٨-١٩١١‬ﻡ‪،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺳﺎﻋﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺷﺅﻭﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺧﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﺭﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻅﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ‪.‬ﺍﺫ ﺗﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺷﻖ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﻭﻳﻧﺎﻝ ﻗﺳﻁﺎ" ﻭﺍﻓﺭﺍ" ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺩﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻛﻣﺎﻝ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻘﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺛﻘﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻛﺗﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٠٥‬ﻡ‪،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺛﻘﻔﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﻐﻠﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺿﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﺑﻌﺽ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻧﻭﺭﻳﻥ ‪ .‬ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻫﺗﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺭﺍءﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﺻﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺻﺣﻑ ﻭﻣﺟﻼﺕ ‪،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺻﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﺻﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺗﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺗﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ ﻧﻁﻘﺎ ﻭﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﺟﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 239‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﺍﻥ ﻁﻣﻭﺡ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﻭﺓ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺗﻪ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺩﻓﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻣﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺛﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺫ ﻭﺟﺩﺕ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺳﺎﻧﺩ ﻟﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺳﺭﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ ﻟﻳﺄﺳﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺟﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻋﻣﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺅﻻء ‪.‬ﻭﺛﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ ﻻﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺟﺎﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻧﺎ‪،‬ﺑﺄﻱ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻭﺍﻝ ‪،‬ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻳﺎﻻ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻋﻼﻥ ﺗﻣﺭﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻛﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺧﺭﻳﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺗﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻭﺑﺗﻌﺑﻳﺭ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﺻﺭﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻭﺣﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻥ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ" ﻟﻳﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﻳﻌﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻻﺧﺭ ‪،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻅﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺟﻝ ﺟﺭﻳﺋﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺿﻣﻧﺗﻬﺎ ﺧﻁﺑﺔ ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺅﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻻﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺟﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻳﺣﺳﺑﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻑ ﺣﺳﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺷﻳﺦ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﺻﻔﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺿﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺿﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻭ ﺍﻣﺗﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺭ ﻟﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺳﺗﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻥ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺎﺟﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺍﺛﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻭﻙ ‪،‬ﺑﻌﺩ ﺣﺿﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﻔﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻳﻠﻭﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩١٨‬ﻡ‪،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻟﻡ ﻳﺗﺟﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻣﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺭﻣﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻬﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻌﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻁ ‪،‬ﻭﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺟﻣﻊ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺑﺯﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﺳﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻔﺎ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺛﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﻣﺎ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻁ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻣﺳﻧﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﺯﺍء ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻥ ﺛﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﺯﺍء ﺍﻫﻡ ﺍﻻﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﻣﺵ‬

‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻧﺧﻭﺓ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻧﺩﺍء ﻭﻧﺩﺏ ﺑﺎﺳﻣﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﺻﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﺄﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺟﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻻﺳﺗﻧﻬﺎﺽ ﺍﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺣﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎ ﺿﻳﻡ ﻟﻳﺩﻓﻌﻭﻩ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻣﺛﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻳﺔ ﻻﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻧﺗﺧﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺗﻧﺣﺩﺭ ﻣﻧﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﻡ ﺍﺣﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻁﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﻡ ﺍﺧﺕ ﺍﺣﺩ ﺭﺅﺳﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﻣﻥ ﺍﺷﺗﻬﺭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺟﺎﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻳﻧﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺣﺳﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺑﺩ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﺎﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻁ ‪ ،١٩٤١ -١٩٢٤‬ﺍﻁﺭﻭﺣﺔ ﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭﺍﻩ )ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ‪ ،١٩٩٥ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٧‬‬
‫‪ ( ٢‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺣﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪)،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺿﺔ‪ ،(١٩٨٨ ،‬ﺹ‪.١١٨‬‬
‫‪ ( ٣‬ﻳﺗﺟﻪ ﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﻵﺭﺍء ﺑﺎﻥ ﺗﺳﻣﻳﺔ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﺑﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻻ ﺳﻡ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺣﺳﻥ ﺗﺩﺑﻳﺭﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻓﻬﻡ ﻳﻔﺗﻠﻭﻥ )ﺍﻟﺳﺑﻭﺱ( ﺃﻱ ﻗﺷﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻵﺧﺭ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻳﻔﺗﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﻼﻡ ﺃﻱ ﻳﺣﺗﺫﻗﻭﻧﻪ ﻭﻳﺭﻣﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﻌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻳﻪ ﻭﻳﺭﺟﺢ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺣﺙ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 240‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫ﻷﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻣﺟﺎﻟﺳﻬﻡ ﺍﻧﺫﻙ ﻋﺎﻣﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺳﺎﺟﻼﺕ ﻭﺣﺫﺍﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻼﻡ ﻭﺳﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻁﻧﺔ ‪ .‬ﻳﻧﻅﺭ‪" :‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﻳﺕ"‪http:// www.iraqcenter.net.com :‬‬
‫‪ ( ٤‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺣﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١١٨‬‬
‫‪ ( ٥‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‪،‬ﺹ‪.١١٨‬‬
‫‪ ( ٦‬ﺃ‪.‬ﺱ‪.‬ﺡ‪ ،‬ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻋﺭﻓﺗﻬﻡ‪) ،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،(١٩٣٦ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ٧‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺣﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١١٩‬‬
‫‪ ( ٨‬ﺍﻻﭼـﻌﻭﺏ ﻫﻡ ﺑﻧﻲ ﻛﻌﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻧﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻳﻧﺗﺳﺑﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻛﻌﺏ ﺑﻥ ﻗﻳﺱ ﺑﻥ ﺳﻌﺩ ﺑﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻥ ﻋﻣﺭﻭ ﺑﻥ‬
‫ﺻﻌﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻭﺯﻋﺕ ﻣﺳﺎﻛﻧﻬﻡ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﺎﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﺭﺑﻼء ﻭﺍﻟﻛﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﻧﺧﻭﺗﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻣﺎ )ﺍﻭﻻﺩ ﻣﻧﺻﻭﺭ( ﻭ )ﺍﻭﻻﺩ ﻋﺎﻣﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺗﻔﺭﻉ ﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﻓﺧﺎﺫ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﻝ ﺣﺳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺎﻓﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻝ ﺷﻣﺧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻧﺎﺻﺭ‪ ،‬ﺁﻝ‬
‫ﻧﺻﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻣﻳﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺟﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﻳﻧﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺟﺩ ﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﺑﻳﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺟﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ‪) ،‬ﺑﻳﺭﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺿﺎء‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ(‪,‬ﺝ‪ ،٢‬ﺹ‪.١٢٨٤‬‬
‫‪ ( ٩‬ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺿﻣﻥ ﻟﻭﺍء ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﺳﻣﻳﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺭ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﻣﻐﻣﻭﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺁﻧﺫﺍﻙ‪ .‬ﻳﻧﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺣﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﻌﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻳﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ‪)،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﺍء‪١٩٤٩ ،‬ﻡ(‪,‬ﺝ‪،٢‬ﺹ ﺹ‪.٦- ٥‬‬
‫‪ ( ١١‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٢‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ ١١٩‬؛ ﺛﺎﻣﺭ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻭﺳﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺅﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﻳﺔ‪ ،(١٩٧٢،‬ﺝ ‪ ، ٢‬ﺹ ‪. ١٣٢‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٣‬ﺍﺑﻭ ﺷﺭﻳﺵ‪ :‬ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻳﺔ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﺎﻭﺓ ﺗﺳﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻟﻡ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٨٦٢‬ﻡ ﺗﻣﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻟﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭ ﺣﺳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻧﻲ ﺣﺟﻳﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﻓﺿﻭﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺍﺋﺏ ﻓﺟﻬﺯﺕ ﺣﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺿﺎء ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻧﻛﻳﻠﺑﻬﻡ ﻭﻣﻧﺢ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﻝ ﻳﺎﻗﻭﺕ ﺷﻳﺦ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻘﻭﺗﻪ ﻭﺻﻼﺑﺔ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺗﻪ‪.‬ﻳﻧﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺣﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ﺹ‪.١٩-١٨‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٤‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﺑﺎﺭ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ ﺹ‪.٨٢ -٨١‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٥‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﻌﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻳﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٢‬ﺹ ﺹ‪.٦ -٥‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٦‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪(١٧‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ ١٢٠‬؛ ﺛﺎﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪١٣٣‬‬
‫‪(١٨‬ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻱ ﻟﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪٦٩‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 241‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫‪ ( ١٩‬ﺍﻟﺟﻌﺎﺭﺓ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻗﺩﻡ ﻣﺩﻥ ﺍﺑﻲ ﺻﺧﻳﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺳﺳﺕ ﻗﺑﻝ ‪ ١٨٥٠‬ﻡ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻗﻲ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﻳﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺗﻝ‬
‫ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﻭﻳﻌﺗﻘﺩ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻁﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺻﺭ ﺍﻻﺑﻳﺽ ﺍﺣﺩ ﻗﺻﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻳﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻩ ‪ ) ،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺩﻟﺱ ﻟﻠﻁﺑﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ‪ ،( ١٩٩٠‬ﺹ ‪. ١٧‬‬
‫‪ ( ٢٠‬ﺍﺑﻭ ﺷﺭﻳﺵ‪ :‬ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻳﺔ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﺎﻭﺓ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺳﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻟﻡ ﻭﻟﺗﻣﺭﺩﻫﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٩-١٨‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،١٨٦٤‬ﺃﺟﻠﺗﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﻪ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻧﺣﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﻗﻭﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ( ٢١‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺯﺭﻛﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻳﻘﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ‪ ) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﻳﺏ ‪ ، ( ١٩٥٤ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٤٤‬‬
‫‪ ( ٢٢‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ١٢١‬‬
‫‪ ( ٢٣‬ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺳﺭﻱ ﻟﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺹ ‪. ٧٠ – ٦٩‬‬
‫‪ ( ٢٤‬ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺻﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺭﻯ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪ ١٩٢٠‬ﻭﻧﺗﺎﺋﺟﻬﺎ ‪ )،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﺎﺡ‬
‫‪ ، ( ١٩٥٢ ،‬ﺝ‪ ، ١‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٨ – ٢٧‬‬
‫‪ ( ٢٥‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺭﻯ ‪ )،‬ﺻﻳﺩﺍ ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻓﺎء‪ ، ( ١٩٥٢ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٦‬‬
‫‪) ( ٢٦‬ﻭﻣﻳﺽ ﺟﻣﺎﻝ ﻋﻣﺭ ﻧﻅﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ‪ ، ١٩٢٠‬ﺍﻟﺟﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻛﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ )‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼﻟﻳﺔ ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ )، ٢‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ :‬ﻣﺭﻛﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ‪،( ١٩٨٥ ،‬ﺹ ‪(٣٤٨‬‬
‫‪ ( ٢٧‬ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪ :‬ﻫﻭ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺎ ﺑﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺳﻌﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻭﻟﺕ ﺍﺳﺭﺗﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﺷﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺩ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٨٧١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺱ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،١٩١٣‬ﺗﻭﻟﻰ ﻣﻧﺻﺏ ﻭﺯﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﻋﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،١٩٢٠‬ﺗﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩٢٩‬ﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻧﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻳﻧﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻳﺭ ﺑﺻﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻳﻘﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻛﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٩‬‬
‫‪ ( ٢٨‬ﻳﻧﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪،‬ﺹ‪ )،٣٣–٣٠‬ﻧﺹ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻧﺷﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺎ (‪.‬‬
‫‪) ( ٢٩‬ﻭﻣﻳﺽ ﺟﻣﺎﻝ ﻋﻣﺭ ﻧﻅﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪،‬ﺹ ‪،٣٤٨‬ﻭﺛﻳﻘﺔ ‪.١‬‬
‫‪ ( ٣٠‬ﻣﺣﺳﻥ ﺍﺑﻭ ﻁﺑﻳﺦ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺟﺎﻝ ‪ ) ،‬ﺩﻣﺷﻖ ‪ ،(١٩٣٨ :‬ﺹ ‪.١٧‬‬
‫‪ ( ٣١‬ﻋﻣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺍﻫﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﺩﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٤١‬‬
‫‪ ( ٣٢‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ، ٥‬ﺹ‪.٢٤-٢٣‬ﻫﻧﺭﻱ ﻓﻭﺳﺗﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺭﺟﻣﺕ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻳﺢ ﺟﻭﻳﺩﺓ ‪)،‬‬
‫ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ ، ( ١٩٤٦ :‬ﺹ ‪.١٦٣‬‬
‫‪ ( ٣٣‬ﻭﻣﻳﺽ ﺟﻣﺎﻝ ﻋﻣﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻳﻘﺔ ‪،٢‬ﺹ ‪(٣٤٨‬‬
‫‪ ٣٤‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‪.‬ﺹ‪٣٤٨‬‬
‫‪ ( ٣٥‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺳﻪ‪.‬ﺹ‪٣٤٨‬‬
‫‪ ( ٣٦‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‪،‬ﺹ‪.٣٤٩‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 242‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫‪ ( ٣٧‬ﻳﺗﺎﻟﻑ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻑ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﺎﺋﻝ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺷﻳﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻓﺧﺎﺫ ﻋﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﻧﻅﺭ ‪ :‬ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺗﻼﻭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪٧٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ٣٨‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻳﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﻝ ﺳﻛﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ‪٢٠٢١\١\١٥ ،‬‬
‫‪ ( ٣٩‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‬
‫‪ ( ٤٠‬؛ ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢١‬‬
‫‪ ( ٤١‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﻌﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻳﻣﻲ ‪ :‬ﺝ‪ ،١‬ﺹ) ‪ (١١-١٠‬؛ ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢١‬‬
‫‪ ( ٤٢‬ﻳﻭﻧﺱ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻣﺭﺍﺋﻲ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٣٢‬؛ ﻋﺑﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪( ١٩٥٥ :‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ ، ٣‬ﺹ ‪١٤٠ -١٣٨‬‬
‫‪ ( ٤٣‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‬
‫‪ ( ٤٤‬ﻋﺑﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪١٥١ -١٤٣‬‬
‫‪ ( ٤٥‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ( ٤٦‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٣٦-٣٥‬‬
‫‪ ( ٤٧‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.١٢١‬‬
‫‪ ( ٤٨‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﻌﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻳﻣﻲ‬
‫‪ ( ٤٩‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‬
‫‪ ( ٥٠‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪ ( ٥١‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪٣٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ٥٢‬ﺭﺗﺑﺔ ﺑﻳﻙ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻧﻲ ﺯﻋﻳﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﻳﺎ ﺭﺗﺑﺔ ﺭﺍﺋﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻣﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺍﻫﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﺩﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.٤١‬‬
‫‪ ،( ٥٣‬ﺟﻌﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻳﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻋﺭﻓﺗﻬﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ( ٥٤‬ﺍﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻔﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺟﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺗﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺭﺓ ﺷﻣﺎﻻ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﻧﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﺟﻧﻭﺑﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ( ٥٥‬ﺍﻟﺩﺳﻡ ‪ :‬ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻧﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺑﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺭﺓ ﺗﺷﺗﻬﺭﺑﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻠﺏ ‪،‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪،‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻩ‪،‬ﺹ ‪. ٣٨‬‬
‫‪ ( ٥٦‬ﻳﻭﻧﺱ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻣﺭﺍﺋﻲ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٣٢‬؛ ﻋﺑﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪( ١٩٥٥ :‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ ، ٣‬ﺹ ‪١٤٠ -١٣٨‬‬
‫‪ ( ٥٧‬ﻳﻭﻧﺱ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻣﺭﺍﺋﻲ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٣٢‬؛ ﻋﺑﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪( ١٩٥٥ :‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ ، ٣‬ﺹ ‪١٤٠ -١٣٨‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 243‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫‪ ( ٥٨‬ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﻩ ﺗﺭﻛﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺍﺻﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻁﺎء ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢‬؛ ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ ٤١‬؛ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٠-٣١‬‬
‫‪ ( ٥٩‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪٣٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ٦٠‬ﻣﻌﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻔﻲ‪،‬ﺭﻭﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻻﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺷﺦ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﻭﺫﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻝ‪ )،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﺍﻻﺷﺭﻑ‪ :‬ﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺷﻬﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻡ‪١٤٣٢،‬ﻩ‪٢٠١١/‬ﻡ(‪،‬ﺹ‪..٩٤‬‬
‫‪ ( ٦١‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺭﻯ ‪ )،‬ﺻﻳﺩﺍ ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻓﺎء‪ ، ( ١٩٥٢ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ٦٢‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺣﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٢٥‬‬
‫‪" ( ٦٣‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﻳﺕ"‪http://www.ayamzaman,tripod.com ,P.5. :‬‬
‫‪ ( ٦٤‬ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﻩ ﺗﺭﻛﻲ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺍﺻﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻁﺎء‪،‬ﺹ‪٦٢‬؛ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪،‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ‪،‬ﺹ ‪٤١‬؛ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪،‬ﺹ‪.٤٠-٣١‬‬
‫‪ ( ٦٥‬ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺋﻠﻲ " ﺍﻟﺷﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻭﺣﺭﺏ ﻁﺭﺍﺑﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪١٩٦٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬ﺹ‪.١١‬‬
‫‪ ) ( ٦٦‬ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ‪،‬ﺝ‪،٣‬ﺹ‪(٢١١‬‬
‫‪ ( ٦٧‬ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ‪ :‬ﻳﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﻐﻠﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺿﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺭﻯ ﻭﻫﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻣﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺩﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺿﻳﻳﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺿﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺍﻋﺗﻘﺎﻟﻬﻡ ﻣﻧﻬﻡ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺗﻡ ﺍﻋﺗﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺑﻭ ﺻﺧﻳﺭ‪.‬ﻳﻧﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﻌﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻳﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ,٢‬ﺹ ﺹ ‪١٦ -١٥‬‬
‫‪) ( ٦٨‬ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ ‪(٢٤١‬‬
‫‪ ( ٦٩‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﷲ ﺳﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻣﺭﺍﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٩٢‬‬
‫‪ ) ( ٧٠‬ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪،،‬ﺹ‪(٢٣٥‬‬
‫‪ ( ٧١‬ﺗﺄﺳﺳﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺷﺑﺎﻁ ‪،١٩١٣‬ﻳﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻣﻧﻬﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ)‪(٢٨‬ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺩﻋﻭ ﻟﻼﺻﻼﺡ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﺍﻻﻗﻁﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﺭﻛﺯﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺷﻛﻠﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺣﻝ ﺣﺯﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺋﺗﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻉ ﻣﻥ ﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺭﻭﺗﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻳﻧﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻣﻬﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﻳﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺿﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ , (١٩٢٤‬ﺝ‪ ،١‬ﺹ‪٤٠‬؛ ﺣﻣﻳﺩ ﺍﺣﻣﺩ ﺣﻣﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻳﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻝ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻲ ‪) ،١٩٢١ - ١٩١٤‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺷﺎﺩ‪ ،(١٩٧٩ ،‬ﺹ ﺹ ‪٦٤ -٦٠‬‬
‫‪ ( ٧٢‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻛﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺑﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،(١٩٦٠ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦٠‬‬
‫‪ ( ٧٣‬ﻭﻣﻳﺽ ﺟﻣﺎﻝ ﻋﻣﺭ ﻧﻅﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٤١‬‬
‫‪ ( ٧٤‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﷲ ﺳﻠﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٨٩‬‬
‫‪ ( ٧٥‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺻﻼﺡ ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ‪ ٢٢ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ‪. ٢٠٢٢‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 244‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫‪" ( ٧٦‬ﺻﺩﻯ ﺑﺎﺑﻝ"‪) ،‬ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ٢٧ ،(٢٠٦‬ﺷﻭﺍﻝ ‪١٣٣١‬ﻫـ‪ ٢٨ /‬ﺍﻳﻠﻭﻝ ‪١٩١٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ( ٧٧‬ﻣﺟﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﻠﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺗﺷﻛﻳﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩٠٨‬ﻡ ﻭﻳﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻧﻭﺍﺑﻪ ‪ ٢٧٥‬ﻧﺎﺋﺑﺎ ﻣﻧﻬﻡ )‪ (١٤٢‬ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺎ‪(٦٠) ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﺋﺑﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪ (٢٥) ،‬ﻧﺎﺋﺑﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﻟﺑﺎﻥ‪ (٢٤) ،‬ﻧﺎﺋﺑﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﻭﺍﻡ‪ (١٢) ،‬ﻧﺎﺋﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﻣﻧﻳﺎ‪ (٥) ،‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻳﻬﻭﺩ‪ (٤) ،‬ﺑﻠﻐﺎﺭ‪(٣) ،‬‬
‫ﺻﺭﺏ‪ .‬ﻳﻧﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪) ،٣‬ﺑﻳﺭﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻟﻠﻣﻼﻳﻳﻥ‪ ،(١٩٦٥ ،‬ﺹ‪.١١٠‬‬
‫‪Report of Administration 1918, op. cit, P.110 ( ٧٨‬‬
‫‪" ( ٧٩‬ﺻﺩﻯ ﺑﺎﺑﻝ"‪) ،‬ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‪ ١ ،‬ﺗﺷﺭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ‪١٩١١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ( ٨٠‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻣﻳﺔ ﺩﻳﻧﻳﺔ ﺷﻬﺭﻳﺔ ﺻﺩﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﻳﻼﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺷﻬﺭﻳﺔ ﺻﺩﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺑﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺻﺩﻭﺭ ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ ﺯﻭﺭﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺑﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٣٢٨‬ﻫـ ﻓﻲ ‪/٢٩‬ﺍﺫﺍﺭ ‪ ١٩١٠‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺗﻁﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺣﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻳﻥ ﻭﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺑﻧﺩﺭ‪,‬ﺭﺋﻳﺱ ﺗﺣﺭﻳﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﻳﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﺭﺳﺗﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺅﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺗﺣﺭﺱ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﻓﺋﺔ ﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻭﺟﻭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺋﻼ ﻳﻌﺗﺩﻯ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﻧﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻬﻭﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،(١٩٦٩ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻋﺑﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺣﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺍﺑﺩﺍﻉ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﻳﺔ‪ (١٩٨٩ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٧‬‬
‫‪" ( ٨١‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ"‪) ،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺔ ‪١٩١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٩٠‬‬
‫‪ ( ٨٢‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‬
‫‪ ( ٨٣‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ( ٨٤‬ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻫﺭ ‪،‬ﺝ‪،١‬ﺹ ﺹ ‪.٣٥-٣٣‬‬
‫‪ ( ٨٤‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‬
‫‪ ( ٨٥‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﷲ ﺳﻠﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ‪،‬ﺹ‪.٩٥‬‬
‫‪ ( ٨٦‬ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻳﺭ ‪ :‬ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺳﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﻭﻥ ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻣﺳﺔ ﺍﻣﻳﺎﻝ ﺟﻧﻭﺏ ﻣﺩﻳﻧﺔ ﺍﺑﻲ ﺻﺧﻳﺭ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪٣٤-٣٣‬‬
‫‪ ( ٨٧‬ﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﺳﻠﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﺑﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﺍﻻﺷﺭﻑ ﻭﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺩ‪) ،‬ﺑﻳﺭﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﻣﺅﺳﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻟﻠﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺎﺕ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ( ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ٨٨‬ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻫﺭ ‪،‬ﺝ‪،١‬ﺹ ﺹ ‪.٣٥-٣٣‬‬
‫‪ ( ٨٩‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﷲ ﺳﻠﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ‪،‬ﺹ‪.٩٥‬‬
‫‪ ( ٩٠‬ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٦-٤٢‬؛ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٠‬‬
‫‪ ( ٩١‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﷲ ﺳﻠﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ‪،‬ﺹ‪.٩٥‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 245‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫‪ ( ٩٢‬ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﺭﺣﻳﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺭﺟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﺣﺩ ﻭﺟﻬﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﻳﺭﺟﻊ ﻧﺳﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻡ ﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺩﻳﻥ ) ( ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺭﺑﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻣﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﺭ ﻣﺗﺻﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺍﻧﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻣﺎ ﻟﺣﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﻼﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٨٥-٨٣‬‬
‫‪ ( ٩٣‬ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ـ‪٣٤‬‬
‫‪ ( ٩٤‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﷲ ﺳﻠﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ‪،‬ﺹ‪.٩٥‬‬
‫‪ ( ٩٥‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦٨-٦٧‬؛ ﻋﻣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺍﻫﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ ،٧٣‬ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٣٥‬‬
‫‪ ( ٩٦‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻳﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ‪. ٢٠٢٢/١/١٥ ،‬‬
‫‪ ( ٩٧‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬ﺹ‪.٥٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ٩٨‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ( ٩٩‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ، ٥‬ﺹ‪.٢٤-٢٣‬ﻫﻧﺭﻱ ﻓﻭﺳﺗﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺭﺟﻣﺕ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻳﺢ ﺟﻭﻳﺩﺓ ‪)،‬‬
‫ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ ، ( ١٩٤٦ :‬ﺹ ‪.١٦٣‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٠٠‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬ﺹ‪.٥٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٠١‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٠-٣١‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٠٢‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ، ٥‬ﺹ‪.٢٤-٢٣‬ﻫﻧﺭﻱ ﻓﻭﺳﺗﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺭﺟﻣﺕ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻳﺢ ﺟﻭﻳﺩﺓ ‪)،‬‬
‫ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ ، ( ١٩٤٦ :‬ﺹ ‪.١٦٣‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٠٣‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﷲ ﺳﻠﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪l‬ﺹ‪.٩٥‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٠٤‬ﻋﻣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺍﻫﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﺩﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٤١‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٠٥‬ﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‪،‬ﺹ‪.٤٢‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٠٦‬ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﻩ ﺗﺭﻛﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺍﺻﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻁﺎء ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢‬؛‬
‫‪ ( ١٠٧‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ، ٥‬ﺹ‪.٢٤-٢٣‬ﻫﻧﺭﻱ ﻓﻭﺳﺗﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺭﺟﻣﺕ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻳﺢ ﺟﻭﻳﺩﺓ ‪)،‬‬
‫ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ ، ( ١٩٤٦ :‬ﺹ ‪.١٦٣‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٠٨‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٠-٣١‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٠٩‬ﺗﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺝ ﺳﻛﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺟﺭ ﻟﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻣﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺷﻬﺭ ﺭﺑﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ ‪١٣٢٥‬ﻫـ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻓﻖ ‪ ١٩٠٧‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻅﻣﻳﺔ ﺑﻣﺭﺽ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺩ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺫﻫﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺧﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﺑﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻟﻣﻁﺎﻟﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻭ ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺍﺋﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺩﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ ‪:‬ﻳﻧﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺫﻛﺭﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١٩‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 246‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫‪ ( ١١٠‬ﺃﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺧﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻬﻡ ﺃﻫﻝ ﺑﺳﺎﺗﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺧﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻡ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ ﺻﻐﻳﺭﺓ ﺗﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﺗﻐﻁﻲ ﺃﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﺣﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﻣﻧﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻳﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﺑﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺑﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺷﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻧﻬﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﻝ ﺯﺟﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻛﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﻼﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻏﻳﺭﻫﻡ(‬
‫‪ ( ١١١‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ( ١١٢‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ( ١١٣‬ﺃﻡ ﺳﺑﺎﻉ ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻡ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻳﻁﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻔﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺗﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ )ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺭﺓ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺟﻌﺎﺭﺓ(‬
‫ﺣﺗﻰ ﺑﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﻧﺎﻓﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﺷﺗﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺁﻝ ﺷﺑﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻻﺕ ﻭﻟﻛﻝ ﺟﺯء ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﻡ ﺧﺎﺹ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻣﻥ ﺍﺳﻣﺎء ﺃﺟﺯﺍﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ّﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻡ ﻋﺻﺎﻓﻳﺭ ﻭﺃﻡ ﻗﺑﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﻔﻳﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻣﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻁﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺑﺯﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺗﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺷﺑﻳﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻧﺔ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋ ّ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﻛﻭﺏ ﻭ ﺃﺑﻭ ﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﻁ(‬
‫‪ . ( ١١٤‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٦‬ﻛﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪١٩١١‬ﻡ ﺹ‪.٢٤٢‬‬
‫‪) ( ١١٥‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﺯء ‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ١١٦‬ﻣﻘﺗﺑﺱ ﺑﺗﺻﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺣﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻘﻭﻗﻲ ﻭﻟﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺻﻛﺭﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ‪:‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺣﺻﻠﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳﺎﺏ ﺃﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﻌﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ‪.‬ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺣﺎﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪،١٢٧٧‬ﺣﺯﻳﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫‪.١٩٩٥‬‬
‫‪ ( ١١٧‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ ٤٦‬؛ ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٤٧ – ٤٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ١١٨‬ﺣﺎﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻣﺭﺍﺋﻲ ‪ :‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺅﻭﻝ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﺑﻲ ﺻﺧﻳﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩١٣‬ﺍﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﻪ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺩﻓﻌﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺍﺋﺏ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺗﺣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺹ ﻟﻼﻧﺗﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻧﻬﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩١٤‬ﻧﻘﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺑﻲ ﺻﺧﻳﺭ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٢١‬ﻋﻳﻥ ﻣﺗﺻﺭﻓﺎ ً ﻟﻠﻣﻭﺻﻝ ﻭﻗﺗﻝ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪. ٤٧‬‬
‫‪ ( ١١٩‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ ٤٦‬؛ ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٤٧‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٢٠‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٦‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٢١‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٩‬ﺍﺫﺍﺭ ‪١٩١٣‬ﻡ ﺹ‪.٤٢٣‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٢٢‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.(١٢٦‬‬
‫‪) ( ١٢٣‬ﺻﻼﺡ ﻓﺭﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺫﻛﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻓﺭﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ( ١٢٤‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‬
‫‪ ( ١٢٥‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‬
‫‪" ( ١٢٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ"‪) ،‬ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ١٧ ، (٥٨٠‬ﺣﺯﻳﺭﺍﻥ ‪١٩١٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ) ( ١٢٧‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.(١٢٦‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 247‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫‪ ( ١٢٨‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪١-Report of Administration 1918, op. cit, P.110 .‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻱ ﻟﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺗﺭﺟﻣﺔ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻫﺭ‪ )،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩﻳﺔ‪١٩٧٧ ،‬ﻡ(‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻳﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻳﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﻝ ﺳﻛﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ‪٢٠٢١\١\١٥ ،‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺻﻼﺡ ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ‪ ٢٢ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ‪. ٢٠٢٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻭﺍﻻﻁﺎﺭﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺳﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺑﺩ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﺎﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻁ ‪ ،١٩٤١ -١٩٢٤‬ﺍﻁﺭﻭﺣﺔ ﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭﺍﻩ )ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ‪،١٩٩٥ ،‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺋﻠﻲ " ﺍﻟﺷﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻭﺣﺭﺏ ﻁﺭﺍﺑﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪١٩٦٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺃ‪.‬ﺱ‪.‬ﺡ‪ ،‬ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻋﺭﻓﺗﻬﻡ‪) ،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻋﻲ‪،(١٩٣٦ ،‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺣﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪)،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺿﺔ‪. ،(١٩٨٨ ،‬‬
‫‪ ، ===========-٣‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭﻩ ‪ ) ،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺩﻟﺱ ﻟﻠﻁﺑﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ‪(.١٩٩٠‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺣﻣﻳﺩ ﺍﺣﻣﺩ ﺣﻣﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻳﻣﻲ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻝ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﻁﺎﻧﻲ ‪)،١٩٢١ - ١٩١٤‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪:‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺷﺎﺩ‪،(١٩٧٩ ،‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺯﺭﻛﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻳﻘﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ‪ ) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﻳﺏ ‪.( ١٩٥٤ ،‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺻﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺭﻯ ﺳﻧﺔ ‪ ١٩٢٠‬ﻭﻧﺗﺎﺋﺟﻬﺎ ‪ )،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﺎﺡ ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ، ( ١٩٥٢‬ﺝ‪، ١‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺫﻛﺭﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١٩‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﺳﻠﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﺑﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﺍﻻﺷﺭﻑ ﻭﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺩ‪) ،‬ﺑﻳﺭﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﻣﺅﺳﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻟﻠﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺎﺕ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ( ‪،‬‬
‫‪-٩‬ﻋﺑﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ( ١٩٥٥ :‬ﺝ ‪، ٣‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﺳﺎﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪) ،٣‬ﺑﻳﺭﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻟﻠﻣﻼﻳﻳﻥ‪،(١٩٦٥ ،‬‬
‫‪-١١‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻳﺎﺳﺭﻱ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻁﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺭﻳﻥ‪ ).‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪:‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﺎﺡ‪.(١٩٤٠ ،‬‬
‫‪-١٢‬ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﻩ ﺗﺭﻛﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ ﺍﺻﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻁﺎء ‪ ) ،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﺍﻻﺷﺭﻑ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺿﻳﺎء‪.(.١٩٩٩ ،‬‬
‫‪-١٣‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﻟﻣﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪، ٥‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 248‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫‪-١٤‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺭﻯ ‪ )،‬ﺻﻳﺩﺍ ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻓﺎء‪. ( ١٩٥٢ ،‬‬
‫‪-١٥‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻬﻭﺭﻳﺔ‪.،(١٩٦٩ ،‬‬
‫‪-١٦‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻋﺑﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺍﺑﺩﺍﻉ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﻳﺔ‪(١٩٨٩ ،‬‬
‫‪-١٧‬ﻭﻣﻳﺽ ﺟﻣﺎﻝ ﻋﻣﺭ ﻧﻅﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ‪ ، ١٩٢٠‬ﺍﻟﺟﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻛﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ )‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼﻟﻳﺔ ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ )، ٢‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ :‬ﻣﺭﻛﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ‪.( ١٩٨٥ ،‬‬
‫‪ -١٨‬ﻣﻳﺭ ﺑﺻﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻳﻘﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻛﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪،‬‬
‫‪-١٩‬ﻣﺣﺳﻥ ﺍﺑﻭ ﻁﺑﻳﺦ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺟﺎﻝ ‪ ) ،‬ﺩﻣﺷﻖ ‪ ،(١٩٣٨ :‬ﺹ ‪.١٧‬‬
‫‪-٢٠‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﻌﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻳﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ‪)،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﺍء‪١٩٤٩ ،‬ﻡ(‪,‬ﺝ‪.،٢‬‬
‫‪-٢١‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻣﻬﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﻳﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺿﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﻁﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‪ , (١٩٢٤ ،‬ﺝ‪،١‬‬
‫‪-٢٢‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻛﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺑﺎﻋﺔ‪،(١٩٦٠ ،‬‬
‫‪-٢٣‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﺑﻳﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻔﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺟﺯﻳﺭﺓ ﻫﻧﺟﺎﻡ ‪ ، ١٩٢٢‬ﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ‪،‬‬
‫)ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻁﺑﺎﻋﺔ ‪( ١٩٨٥ ،‬‬
‫‪-٢٤‬ﻣﻌﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻔﻲ‪،‬ﺭﻭﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻻﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺷﺢ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﻭﺫﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻝ‪ )،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺟﻑ ﺍﻻﺷﺭﻑ‪ :‬ﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺷﻬﺩﺍﻻﻣﺎﻡ‪١٤٣٢،‬ﻩ‪٢٠١١/‬ﻡ(‪،‬ﺹ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﺑﺔ‬
‫‪.‬ﻫﻧﺭﻱ ﻓﻭﺳﺗﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺭﺟﻣﺕ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻳﺢ ﺟﻭﻳﺩﺓ ‪ )،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪. ( ١٩٤٦ :‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺳﺎ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﻋﻣﺎﺩ ﺍﺣﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺍﻫﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﺩﺭ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺳﻛﺭ‪،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺩ ‪ ، ١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ، (١‬ﺍﺫﺍﺭ ‪، ١٩٩٥‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﷲ ﺳﻠﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﻓﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ‪" ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ"‪ )،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ)‪،.١٩٩٨، ( ٥٦‬ﺹ‪.٩٥‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺣﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻘﻭﻗﻲ ﻭﻟﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺻﻛﺭﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ‪:‬ﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺁﻝ ﻓﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺭﺅﺳﺎء ﺁﻝ ﻓﺗﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺣﺻﻠﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳﺎﺏ ﺃﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﻌﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺷﺧﺎﺏ‪.‬ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺣﺎﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪،١٢٧٧‬ﺣﺯﻳﺭﺍﻥ ‪.١٩٩٥‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫‪-١‬ﺛﺎﻣﺭ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻭﺳﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ‪) ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺅﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﻳﺔ‪ ،(١٩٧٢،‬ﺝ ‪.٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢.‬ﻣﺎﺟﺩ ﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﺑﻳﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺟﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻳﺔ‪) ،‬ﺑﻳﺭﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺿﺎء‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ(‪,‬ﺝ‪.،٢‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻳﻭﻧﺱ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻣﺭﺍﺋﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ" ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺟﻼﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪"-١‬ﺍﻻﺗﺣﺎﺩ"‪ )،‬ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ‪.،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪،١٢٧٧‬ﺣﺯﻳﺭﺍﻥ ‪.١٩٩٥‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 249‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬
 ‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ"‪) ،‬ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ١٧ ، (٥٨٠‬ﺣﺯﻳﺭﺍﻥ ‪١٩١٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪"-٣‬ﺻﺩﻯ ﺑﺎﺑﻝ"‪) ،‬ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ٢٧ ،(٢٠٦‬ﺷﻭﺍﻝ ‪١٣٣١‬ﻫـ‪ ٢٨ /‬ﺍﻳﻠﻭﻝ ‪١٩١٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪"-٤‬ﺻﺩﻯ ﺑﺎﺑﻝ"‪) ،‬ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‪ ١ ،‬ﺗﺷﺭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ‪١٩١١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪"-٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ"‪) ،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺔ ‪١٩١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٩٠‬‬
‫‪" -٦.‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ "‪ )،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٦‬ﻛﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪١٩١١‬ﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪"-٧‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﺯء ‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٩‬ﺍﺫﺍﺭ ‪١٩١٣‬ﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻣﻧﺎ‪ :‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ) ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ(‪.‬‬
‫‪" -١.‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﻳﺕ"‪http:// www.iraqcenter.net.com :‬‬
‫‪"-٢‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﻳﺕ"‪http://www.ayamzaman,tripod.com ,P.5. :‬‬

‫‪........................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪Issue 77, Part 2, June 2025‬‬ ‫‪PAGE 250‬‬

‫‪This work is licensed under a h ps://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 International‬‬

‫‪License.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪو>‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫اﻹ‪/‬ﺪا‪4.0 -‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دراﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ‪/‬ﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﺧ‪5‬ﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع‬