C

O
CLASS IX
N
T Serial
UNIT - 2
Page
No. No.
E
1. 1
N Heron's Formula

T 2. Co-ordinate Geometry and Linear Equation

15
in Two Variables
S
3. Quadrilaterals 39

4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles 71

 Chapter

1
1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 APPLICATIONS OF HERON'S FORMULA IN FINDING AREA OF

A QUADRILATERAL

EXERCISE 1 (ELEMENTARY)

EXERCISE 2 (SEASONED)

EXERCISE 3 (CBSE- PATTERN)

Unit Two
 Heron's Formula

HERON'S FORMULA (HF)

(HF-1)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In a scalene triangle, if the length of each side is given but its height is not known and it cannot
be obtained easily, we take the help of Heron's formula or Hero's formula given by Heron to find
the area of such a triangle.
Heron's formula : If a,b,c denote the lengths of the sides of a triangle ABC. Then,

Area of DABC = s(s - a) (s - b)(s - c)

a+ b+c
where s= is the semi-perimeter of DABC.
2
This formula is applicable to all types of triangles whether it is right-angled or equilateral or isosceles
and it is also useful in finding the area of a triangle when it is not possible to find the area of the
triangle easily.

Illustration 1. Find the area of a triangle whose sides are 13 cm, 14 cm and 15 cm.
Solution. Let a, b, c be the sides of the given triangle and s be its semi-perimeter such that a
= 13 cm, b = 14 cm and c = 15 cm
1 1
Now, s = (a + b + c) = (13 + 14 + 15) = 21
2 2
\ s – a = 21 – 13 = 8, s – b = 21 – 14 = 7 and s – c = 21 – 15 = 6
Hence, Area of given triangle = s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)

= 21 ´ 8 ´ 7 ´ 6 = 7 ´ 3 ´ 8 ´ 7 ´ 2 ´ 3 = 7 2 ´ 4 2 ´ 3 2
= 7 × 4 × 3 = 84 cm2

Illustration 2. The perimeter of a triangular field is 450 m and its sides are in the ratio 13 : 12 : 5.
Find the area of triangle.
Solution. It is given that the sides a,b,c of the triangle are in the ratio 13 : 12 : 5
i.e., a : b : c = 13 : 12 : 5 Þ a = 13x, b = 12x and c = 5x
Perimeter = 450 Þ 13x + 12x + 5x = 450
Þ 30x = 450 Þ x = 15m
So, the sides of the triangle are
a = 13 × 15 = 195 m, b = 12 × 15 = 180 m and c = 5 × 15 = 75 m
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

It is given that perimeter = 450 Þ 2s = 450

Þ s = 225m
Hence, Area = s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)

= 225(225 - 195)(225 - 180)(225 - 75)

= 225 ´ 30 ´ 45 ´ 150
= 52 ´ 32 ´ 3 ´ 5 ´ 2 ´ 32 ´ 5 ´ 52 ´ 2 ´ 3
= 3 3 2
56 ´ 36 ´ 22 = 5 × 3 × 2 = 6750 m

1
Class IX : Mathematics

Illustration 3. Find the area of a triangle having perimeter 32 cm, one side 11 cm and difference of
other two sides is 5 cm.
Solution. Let a, b and c be the three sides of DABC.
a = 11 cm
a + b + c = 32 cm
Þ 11 + b + c = 32 cm or b + c = 21 cm ... (i)
Also, it is given that b – c = 5 cm ... (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), 2b = 26 cm
i.e., b = 13 cm and c = 8 cm
a + b + c 11 + 13 + 8 32
Now, s = = = = 16 cm
2 2 2
(s – a) = (16 – 11) cm = 5 cm
(s – b) = (16 – 13) cm = 3 cm
(s – c) = (16 – 8) cm = 8 cm
\ Area of DABC = 2
s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c) = 16 ´ 5 ´ 3 ´ 8 cm
= 64 ´ 30 cm2 = 8 30 cm2

Illustration 4. Prove that the area of the quadrilateral ABCD is 3 ( 4 + 3 3 ) m2 , if AB = 5 m, BC =

5 m, CD = 6 m, AD = 6 m, and diagonal AC = 6 m.
Solution. Diagonal AC divides the quadrilateral ABCD into two triangles DACD and DABC.
For DACD, side are 6m, 6m and 6m.
C
6m + 6m + 6m 6
Semiperimeter, s = =9m D
2
6 5
\ Area of DACD = s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c) 6
= 9 ´ (9 - 6)(9 - 6) ´ (9 - 6) m2 = 9 ´ 3 ´ 3 ´ 3 = 9 3 m2 B
5
For DABC, side are 5 m, 5 m and 6 m. A
5m + 5m + 6m
Semiperimeter, s = = 8m
2
Area of DABC = s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c) = 8(8 - 5)(8 - 5)(8 - 6)
= 2 2 2
8´3´3´2m = 16 ´ 9 m = 12 m
Thus, the area of the quadrilateral ABCD = (12 + 9 3 ) m2
= 3(4 + 3 3 ) m2
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

Illustration 5 Calculate the area of the shaded portion as shown in figure.

Solution. In right DPSQ, by Pythagoras Theorem
PQ2 = PS2 + SQ2 = (12)2 + (16)2 = 144 + 256 = 400 cm
Þ PQ= 400 cm = 20 cm P
Now, a = 20 cm, b = 48 cm and c = 52 cm 12
cm 52
cm
a + b + c 20cm + 48cm + 52cm S
\ s= = cm
2 2 16
Q R
120cm 4 8 cm
= = 60cm
2
2
 Heron's Formula

Area of DPQR = s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)

= 60(60 - 20)(60 - 48)(60 - 52) = 60 ´ 40 ´ 12 ´ 8 = 6 ´ 10 ´ 10 ´ 4 ´ 6 ´ 2 ´ 8

= 6× 10× 8 = 480 cm2.
1 1
and area of DPQS = × PS × QS = × 12 × 16 = 96 cm2
2 2
Þ area of the shaded portion of the triangle = 480 – 96 = 384 cm2

Illustration 6. The sides of triangular plate are 8 cm, 15 cm and 17 cm. If its weight is 96 gram, find
the weight of the plate per square cm
Solution. Here a = 15 cm, b = 17 cm, c = 8 cm.
Since (17)2 = 289 and (15)2 + (8)2 = 225 + 64 = 289
\ This is a right triangle with sides 8 cm and 15 cm
1
\ Area of right triangle = × 15 × 8 = 60 cm2
2
Weight of triangle plate = 96 gram
96
\Weight per square cm = = 1.6 gm
60

Illustration 7. The sides of a triangular field are 41 m, 40 m and 9 m. Find the number of rose beds
can be prepared in the field, if each rose bed, on an average needs 900 cm2 space.
Solution. Let a = 41 m, b = 40 m, c = 9 m
a+ b+c 41 + 40 + 9
s= = m = 45 m
2 2

Area of the triangular field = s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c) = 45(45 - 41)(45 - 40)(45 - 9)
= 45 ´ 4 ´ 5 ´ 36 = 180 m2 (Q 900 cm2 = 0.09 m2)
180
Hence, the number of rose beds = = 2000
0.09

Illustration 8 Calculate the area of the shaded region in the given fig.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

1 20 m 12 2 m

26 m
24 m

22 m
Solution. For the triangle having the sides 122 m, 120 m and 22 m :
122 + 120 + 22
s= = 132 m
2
3
Class IX : Mathematics

Area of the triangle = s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)

= 132(132 - 122)(132 - 120)(132 - 22)

= 132 ´ 10 ´ 12 ´ 110 = 1320 m2

For the triangle having the sides 22 m, 24 m and 26 m
22 + 24 + 26
s = = 36 m
2

Area of the triangle = 36(36 - 22)(36 - 24)(36 - 26)

= 36 ´ 14 ´ 12 ´ 10 = 24 105
= 24 × 10.25 m2 (approx.) = 246 m2
There, the area of the shaded portion
= (1320 – 246) m2 = 1074 m2

Illustration 9 The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 32 cm. The ratio of the equal side to base is
3 : 2. Find the area of the triangle.
Solution. Let the sides be 3x, 2x. Let the third side = 3x.
\ 3x + 2x + 3x = 32[Q perimeter = 32 cm]
8x = 32 Þ x = 4
\ Sides are 12 cm, 8 cm, 12 cm
\ req. area = 16 ´ 4 ´ 8 ´ 4 = 32 2 cm2
[Q 2s = 12 + 8 + 12 = 32 cm]

Illustration 10.From a point in the interior of an equilateral triangle, perpendiculars are drawn on the
three sides. The lengths of the perpendiculars are 14 cm, 10 cm and 6 cm. Find the
area of the triangle.
Solution. Let y be the side of an equilateral triangle :

3 2 A
Its area = y
4
Also area of the equilateral triangle
= ar(DADB) + ar (DBDC) + ar(DCDA)
14 6
y
y

1 1 1 D
= ´ y ´ 14 + ´ y ´ 10 + ´ y ´ 6 10
2 2 2
y
1 B C
= y × (14 + 10 + 6) = 15y
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

2
Both areas will be equal

3 2 60
Q y = 15y Þ y=
3
[Q y ¹ 0]
4
y = 20 3 cm

3
\ Area of the triangle = (400 × 3) = 300 3 cm2
4

4
 Heron's Formula

2.0 APPLICATIONS OF HERON'S FORMULA IN FINDING AREA OF A

QUADRILATERAL
Heron's formula can be applied to find the area of a quadrilateral by dividing the quadrilateral into
two triangular parts. If we join any of the two diagonals of the quadrilateral, then we get two triangles.
Area of each triangle is calculated and the sum of two areas is the area of the quadrilateral.

Illustration 11. Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD, in which AB = 7 cm, BC = 6 cm, CD= 12
cm, DA = 15 cm and AC = 9 cm.
Solution. The diagonal AC divides the quadrilateral ABCD into two triangles ABC and ACD.
\ Area of quad. ABCD = Area of DABC + Area of DACD,
For DABC, we have D
6+7+9
Semiperimeter s = = 11 cm
2

\ Area of DABC = s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c) 15 cm 12 cm

Þ A1 = Area of DABC
9 cm
= 11(11 - 6)(11 - 7) (11 - 9) A C
7 cm 6 cm
Þ A1 = Area of DABC = 11 ´ 5 ´ 4 ´ 2 = 440 sq. cm
B
Þ A1 = Area of DABC = 20.98 cm2
9 + 12 + 15
For DACD, we have s = = 18 cm
2
Area of DACD = s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)
Þ A2 = Area of DACD
= 18(18 - 9)(18 - 12)(18 - 15)

Þ A2 = Area of DACD = 18 ´ 9 ´ 6 ´ 3
Þ A2 = Area of DACD
= 2 ´ 9 ´ 9 ´ 2 ´ 3 ´ 3 = 9 2 ´ 22 ´ 3 2 = 9 × 2 × 3 = 54 cm2
Hence, Area of quad. ABCD = A1 + A2 = (20.98 + 54) cm2 = 74.98 cm2

Illustration 12. In fig. ABCD is a field in the form of a quadrilateral whose sides are indicated in the
figure. lf ÐDAB = 90°, find the area of the field.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

Solution. Clearly, DDAB is a right-angled triangle. Therefore, D 28 m C

DB2 = DA2 + AB2 [Using Pythagoras Theorem]
DB2 = 92 + 402
15

Þ 9 cm
m

Þ DB = 81 + 1600 m = 1681 = 41m

A 40 m B
9 + 40 + 41 90
For DDAB, we have s = = =45m
2 2

Therefore, Area ofDDAB = s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)

Þ A1 = Area of DDAB = 45 ´ (45 - 9) ´ (45 - 40) ´ (45 - 41) m2

5
Class IX : Mathematics

Þ A1 = Area of DDAB = 2
45 ´ 36 ´ 5 ´ 4 m
Þ A1 = Area of DDAB
= 5 ´ 9 ´ 36 ´ 5 ´ 4 m2

= 2
5 2 ´ 32 ´ 6 2 ´ 22 m
Þ A1 = Area of DDAB = (5 × 3 × 6 × 2) m2 = 180 m2

28 + 15 + 41 84
For DDCB, we have s= = = 42 m
2 2
Þ A2 = Area of DDCB
= 42 ´ (42 - 28) ´ (42 - 15) ´ (42 - 41) m2
Þ A2 = Area of DDCB
= 42 ´ 14 ´ 27 ´ 1 m2
Þ A2 = Area of DDCB
= 7 ´ 2 ´ 3 ´ 7 ´ 2 ´ 3 ´ 3 ´ 3 m2

Þ A2 = Area of DDCB = 2
7 2 ´ 22 ´ 34 m
Þ A2 = Area of DDCB = (7 × 2 × 32) m2 = 126 m2
Hence,
Area of the field = A1 + A2 = (180 + 126) m2 = 306 m2

Illustration 13. A rhombus has perimeter 100 m and one of its diagonal is 40 m. Find the area of the
rhombus.
Solution. ABCD is the rhombus having perimeter = 100 m and AC = 40 m.
Now, we have
D 25 m C
100
AB = BC = CD = AD = = 25 m
4
25 m m
We know that, ar(DABC) = ar (DADC) 40 25 m
Sides of DABC are 25 m, 25 m and 40 m
Semi perimeter of DABC
A 25 m B
25m + 25m + 40m
S = = 45 m
2
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

The area of DABC = 45 ´ (45 - 25) ´ (45 - 25) ´ (45 - 40) m2

= 2
45 ´ 20 ´ 20 ´ 5 m
= 9 ´ 25 ´ 20 ´ 20
= 3 × 5 × 20 m2 = 300 m2
Also, we have area of DADC= 300 m2
Hence, the area of the rhombus ABCD
= ar (DABC) + ar (DADC)= 300 m2 + 300 m2 = 600 m2

6
 Heron's Formula

Illustration 14. Find the area of a trapezium whose parallel sides 25 cm, 13 cm and other sides are 15
cm and 15 cm.
D 13 cm C
Solution. Let ABCD be the given trapezium in which
AB = 25 cm, CD = 13 cm,
BC = 15 cm and AD = 15 cm. 15 cm 15 cm
h
Draw CE P AD.
Now, ADCE is a parallelogram in which
A E B
AD P CE and AE P CD. 25 cm

AE = DC = 13 cm and BE = AB - AE = 25 - 13 = 12 cm
In DBCE, we have
15 + 15 + 12
s = = 21 cm
2
\ Area of DBCE = s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)
Þ Area of DBCE
= 21(21 - 15)(21 - 15) (21 - 12)

Þ Area of DBCE = 21 ´ 6 ´ 6 ´ 9 = 18 21 sq. cm ...(i)

Let h be the height of DBCE, then
1 1
Area of DBCE = (Base × Height) = × 12 × h = 6h ...(ii)
2 2
From (i) and (ii), we have,
6h = 18 21 Þ h = 3 21 cm
Clearly, the height of trapezium ABCD is same as that of DBCE.
1
\ Area of trapezium = (AB + CD) × h
2

1
Þ Area of trapezium = (25 + 13) × 3 21 cm2 = 57 21 cm2
2

1. Find the area of a triangle whose sides are 26 cm, 28 cm and 30 cm ?

19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

2. Find the area of the shaded region when ABCD is a square :

3. The area of a triangle is 48 cm2. Its base is 12 cm. What is its altitude ?

7
Class IX : Mathematics

4. The diagonal of a square A is (a + b) units. Find the diagonal of a square B whose area is twice the
area of A.

5. A park in the shape of a quadrilateral ABCD has ÐC = 90°, AB = 18 m, BC = 24 m, CD = 10 m

and AD = 16 m. How much area it occupy :

6. Two parallel sides of a trapezium are 120 cm and 154 cm and other sides are 50 cm and 52 cm.
Find the area of the trapezium.

7. A rhombus sheet, whose perimeter is 32 m and whose one diagonal is 10 m long, is painted on
both sides at the rate of Rs. 5 per m2. Find the cost of painting.

8. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are 5 cm, 12 cm and 13 cm. Find the length of perpendicular
from the opposite vertex to the side whose length is 13 cm.

9. In the given fig, there is a triangular children park with sides, AB = 7 m, BC = 8 m and AC = 5m,
AD ^ BC and AD meets BC at D. Trees are planted at A, B, C and D. Find the distance between
the trees at A and D.

7m 5m

B D C
8m

10. Sanya has a piece of land which is in the shape of a rhombus. She wants her one daughter and
one son to work on the land and produce different crops to suffice the needs of their family. She
divided the land in two equals parts. If the perimeter of the land is 400 m and one of the diagonals
is 160 m, how much area each of them will get for their crops?

3 2
l Area of equilateral triangle having side a unit is a sq. units
4

æ1 ö
l Area of isosceles DABC with AB = AC = a units and BC = b units = ç b 4a 2 – b2 ÷ sq. units
è4 ø
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

l Area of a right angled isosceles triangle Let length of the equal sides of triangle be 'a' and
ÐA = 90° then

a2
(i) Area = (ii) Perimeter = 2a + 2a
2

8
 Heron's Formula

1. One side of an equilateral triangle is 8 cm. Its area is :-

(A) 16 3 cm2 (B) 12 3 cm2 (C) 8 3 cm2 (D) 4 3 cm2

2. The base of an isosceles triangle is 12 cm and its perimeter is 32 cm. Then its area is :-
(A) 48 cm2 (B) 36 cm2 (C) 24 cm2 (D) 12 cm2

3. The area of a triangle whose sides are 13 cm, 14 cm and 15 cm :-

(A) 84 cm2 (B) 64 cm2 (C) 825 cm2 (D) None of these

4. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 5 cm and 3.5 cm. One of its diagonals is 6.5 cm. Then
the area of paralleogram is :-
(A) 5 3 cm2 (B) 10 3 cm2 (C) 15 3 cm2 (D) 20 3 cm2

5. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 51 cm and 37 cm. One of its diagonals is 20 cm, then the
its area is:-
(A) 412 cm2 (B) 512 cm2 (C) 612 cm2 (D) 712 cm2

6. If the perimeter of a square is (4y + 12) m, then the length of its diagonal is :
y+3 4y + 12
(A) m (B) 2(y + 3) m (C) 2(4y + 12) m (D) m
2 2

7. In a quadrilateral ABCD, AB = 7 cm, BC = 6 cm, CD = 12 cm, DA = 15 cm, AC = 9 cm. Its area

is:-
(A) ( 440 + 54 ) cm2 (B) ( 440 + 44 ) cm2 (C) ( 110 + 44 ) cm2 (D) ( 340 + 64 ) cm2

8. The area of a rhombus is 28 cm2 and one of its diagonals is 4 cm. Its perimeter is :-
(A) 4 53 cm (B) 36 cm (C) 2 53 cm (D) None of these

9. The area of a rhombus is 24 cm2 and one of its diagonal is 8 cm. Find its perimeter :
(A) 6 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 40 cm (D) 14 cm

10. The length of each side of an equilateral triangle having an area of 4 3 cm2, is :
4 3
(A) 4 cm (B) (C) (D) 3 cm
3 4
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

11. If x is the length of a median of an equilateral triangle, then its area is :

x2 3 x2 3 x2
(A) x2 (B) (C) (D)
2 3 2
12. The altitude of an equilateral triangle of side 2 3 cm is :
3 1 3
(A) cm (B) cm (C) cm (D) 3 cm
2 2 4
13. In a triangle ABC, BC = 5 cm, AC = 12 cm and AB = 13 cm. The length of the altitude drawn from B
on AC is :
(A) 4 cm (B) 5 cm (C) 6 cm (D) 7 cm

9
Class IX : Mathematics
14. The area of a right angled triangle is 30 cm2 and the length of its hypotenuse is 13 cm. The length
of the shorter leg is:
(A) 4 cm (B) 5 cm (C) 6 cm (D) 7 cm

15. Area of a square with side x is equal to the area of a triangle with base x. The altitude of the triangle
is:
x
(A) (B) x (C) 2x (D) 4x
2

16. Find the area of a triangle whose sides are 13 cm, 14 cm and 15 cm.
2 2 2 2
(A) 84 cm (B) 95 cm (C) 90 cm (D) 60 cm

17. An isosceles triangle has perimeter 30 cm and each of the equal sides is 12 cm. Find the area of the
triangle.
2 2 2
(A) 105 cm (B) 9 15 cm (C) 135 cm (D) None of these

18. The perimeter of a right triangle is 144 cm and its hypotenuse measure 65 cm. Find the lengths of
other sides
(A) 16cm or 53 cm (B) 16 cm or 63 cm (C) 63cm and 53 cm (D) None of these.

19. The perimeter of an equilateral triangle is (p + 1) cm. Find the length of its altitude.

( p + 1) 5 2 ( p + 1) 3 2 ( p + 1) 2 2 ( p + 1) 6 2
(A) cm (B) cm (C) cm (D) cm .
6 6 6 6

20. Find the area of a right angled triangle if the radius of its circumcircle is 3 cm and altitude drawn to
the hypotenuse is 2 cm.
2 2 2 2
(A) 6 cm (B) 9 cm (C) 10 cm (D) 12 cm

21. A triangle and a parallelogram have the same base and the same area. If the sides of the triangle are
26 cm, 28 cm and 30 cm, and the parallelogram stands on the base 28 cm, find the height of the
parallelogram.
(A) 10cm (B) 12 cm (C) 9 cm (D) None of these.

22. A rectangle has twice the area of a square. The length of the rectangle is 12 cm greater and the
width is 8 cm greater than a side of the square. Find the side of the square.
(A) 24cm (B 20 cm (C) 22 cm (D) 30 cm

2
23. The cost of levelling a park at the rate of 2/m is 2700. if the park is in right angular triangular form
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

with one side being 45m, find the hypotenuse in metre.

(A) 60 (B) 75 (C) 34 (D) 81.

24. The perimeter of a triangle is 240m. It’s two sides are 78m and 50 m, then the length of the altitude
on the side of 50m length from its opposite vertex.
(A) 67.0 (B) 67.2 (C) 66.8 (D) None of these.

25. Find the base of an isosceles triangle whose area is 60 sq.cm and length of equal side is 13 cm
(A) 24m or 10m (B) Only 10m (C) Only 24m (D) None of these

10
 Heron's Formula

1. The perimeter of a triangular field is 144 m and ratio of the sides is 3 : 4 : 5. Then the area of the
field is
(A) 864 m2 (B) 764 m2 (C) 854 m2 (D) 754 m2

2. The sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 13 : 14 : 15 and its perimeter is 84 cm. Then the area of the
triangle is :-
(A) 136 cm2 (B) 236 cm2 (C) 336 cm2 (D) 436 cm2

3. The area of a parallelogram whose diagonal is 6.8 cm and the perpendicular distance of this
diagonal from an opposite vertex is 7.5 cm is :-
(A) 25.5 cm2 (B) 11.9 cm2 (C) 12.5 cm2 (D) 51 cm2

4. The perimeter of a rhombus is 52 cm and one of its diagonals is 24 cm. The length of the other
diagonal is :-
1
(A) 24 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 2 cm (D) 12 cm
6

5. In quadrilateral ABCD given that AB = 7 cm, BC = 12 cm, CD = 12 cm, DA = 9 cm and diagonal

AC = 15 cm. It's area is :-
(A) (10 34 + 54 ) cm2 (B) (10 34 - 54 ) cm2 (C) Data insufficient (D) None of these

2
6. The area of right isosceles triangle is 200m . Find its hypotenuse.
(A) 20 (B) 20 2 (C) 15 2 (D) 30 2

2
7. The area of a quadrilateral is 360m and perpendiculars drawn to one of the diagonal from the
opposite vertex are 10m and 8 m, then the length of the diagonal is :
(A) 44m (B) 40m (C 36m (D) None of these.

8. A square and an equilateral triangle have the same perimeter. If the diagonal of the square is 12 2
units then the area of the triangle is :
(A) 24 2 (B) 24 3 (C) 48 3 (D) 64 3
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

9. The perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 60cm. Then its area is :

(A) 10 3 (B) 15 3 (C) 20 3 (D) 100 3

10. The Side of a triangle are 35cm, 54cm and 61cm. Then the length of the longest altitude is :
(A) 16 5 (B) 10 5 (C) 24 5 (D) 28.

11
Class IX : Mathematics

Very short answer type questions

1. Write the area of a triangle having 5 cm base and height 6 cm.

2. Write the area of an equilateral triangle whose side is 6 cm.

3. Find the area of isosceles triangle ABC in which AB = AC = 5 cm and BC = 8 cm.

4. Find the area of the triangle having three sides given as 5 cm, 6 cm and 7 cm.

Short answer type questions

5. The sides of a triangle are 39 cm, 42 cm and 45 cm. A parallelogram stands on the greatest side of
the triangle and has the same area as that of the triangle. Find the height of the parallelogram.
A [CBSE]

42
cm

cm
39

E D
h
B C
45 cm

6. A municipal corporation wall on road side has dimensions as shown in fig. The wall is to be used
for advertisements and it yields an earning of Rs. 400 per m2 in a year. Find the total amount of
revenue earned in a year.
A
13 m
m
15

B C
14 m
3m 3m
P Q
14 m
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

7. ABCD is a quadrilateral such that AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm, CD = 7cm, AD = 6 cm and diagonal

BD = 5 cm. Prove that the area of the quadrilateral ABCD is 4 3 + 6 cm 2 .( ) [CBSE]

8. A rhombus has perimeter 64 m and one of the diagonals is 22 m. Prove that the area of the
rhombus is 66 15 m 2 .

12
 Heron's Formula

Long answer type questions

9. In figure, AB = 28 m, AC = 24 m, BC = 20 m, CG = 32 m, AG = 40 m and D is mid-point of AG.
Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD.
G
2 0m
D
2 0 m
A
32 m
24

28 m
m

C
B 20 m

10. White and grey coloured triangular plastic sheets are used to make a toy as shown in fig. Find the
total areas of white and grey coloured sheets used for making the toy. [CBSE]

cm
4
4
6 cm

cm
m
6c

6 cm
m
6c
6 cm 6c
m
6 cm
6c
4

cm
m
cm

11. A triangle and a parallelogram have same base and same area. If the sides of the triangle are 20 cm, 25
cm and 35 cm, and the base side is 25 cm for the triangle as well as the parallelogram, find the vertical
height of the parallelogram.

12. The adjacent sides of a rectangle are x and y units, then find the length of perpendicular on one of
its diagonal from vertex. [CBSE]

High order thinking skills (HOTS)

13. If each side of a triangle is doubled, then find the ratio of area of the new triangle thus formed and
the given triangle.
A P D
14. The dimensions of a rectangle ABCD are 51 cm × 25 cm.
A trapezium PQCD with its parallel sides QC and PD in
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

25 cm

the ratio 9 : 8 is cut off from the rectangle as shown in the

5
given fig. If the area of the trapezium PQCD is th part
6 B Q C
of the rectangle, find the length QC and PD. [CBSE] 51 cm

15. The perimeter of a triangle is 50 cm. One side of a triangle is 4 cm longer than the smaller side and
the third side is 6 cm less than twice the smaller side. Find the area of the triangle.

13
Class IX : Mathematics

ANSWERS
CHECK POST-1
1. 336 cm2 2. 128 cm2 3. 8 cm 4. 2 × (a + b) units

60
5. 262 cm2 6. 6576 cm2 7. Rs. 624.50 8. p = cm
13

5 3
9. m 10. 4800 m2.
2

EXERCISE-1 (ELEMENTARY)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. A A A B C B A A B A
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. C D B B C A B B B A
Que. 21 22 23 24 25
Ans. B A B B A

EXERCISE-2 (SEASONED)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. A C D B D B B D D C

EXERCISE-3 (CBSE PATTERN)

1. 15 cm2 2. 9 3 cm2 3. 12cm2 4. 6 6 cm2

5. 16.8 cm 6. Rs. 50400 9. 96 ( 6 + 2) m2

xy
10. 16 2 cm2 ; 16 2 cm211. 4 6cm 12. 13. 4 : 1
x + y2
2
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\1. Heron's Formula

14. 45 cm, 40 cm 15. 20 30 cm 2

*****

14
 Chapter

2
1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM

2.1 Cartesian co-ordinate axes

2.2 Cartesian plane

2.3 Ordered pair

2.4 Quadrants

2.5 Co-ordinate of a point (or cartesian coordinates)

2.6 Co-ordinate of a point in the cartesian plane

2.7 Points on axes

3.0 PLOTTING OF POINTS

3.1 To plot a point corresponding to an ordered pair

4.0 LINEAR EQUATION

5.0 LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

6.0 SOLUTION OF LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

7.0 GRAPH OF A LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

Unit Two

EXERCISE-1 (ELEMENTARY)

EXERCISE-2 (SEASONED)

EXERCISE-3 (CBSE PATTERN)

EXERCISE-4 COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT

 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY AND

LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES (CG)
(CG-1)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
"The branch of mathematics which is used for describing the position of a point in a plane, is known
as co-ordinate geometry, invented by Rene Descartes"

2.0 CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM

2.1 Cartesian co-ordinate axes

On a graph paper two mutually perpendicular straight lines X'OX and YOY', intersecting each
other at point O.
The horizontal line X'OX is called X-axis and the vertical line YOY' is called Y-axis and the two lines
X'OX and YOY' taken together are known as coordinate axes or rectangular axes or axes or
reference. The point 'O' is called origin.
2.2 Cartesian plane
Let us assume that two perpendicular number lines X'OX and Y'OY intersect each other at the
point O. The horizontal number line is called the x-axis and the vertical number line is called y-axis.
The point O, where these lines intersect, is called the origin (the zero point).
We choose a unit length and mark the positive integers 1, 2, 3,......, on the right of the origin on x-axis
and above the origin on y-axis. Negative integers are marked to the left of origin on x-axis and below
the origin on y-axis.
Y

A(–4, 5) B(4, 5)
5

X¢ –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
X
–1
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

–2

–3

–4

D(–4, –5) –5
C(4, –5)

Y¢

The above system is called a cartesian, or rectangular co-ordinate system.

15
Class IX : Mathematics

2.3 Ordered pair

Y P(x, y)
A pair of two numbers x and y, listed in a specific order,
is called an ordered pair (x, y), with x at the first place y

and y at the second place. x

X' O M X
Note that (x, y) ¹ (y, x)

2.4 Co-ordinate of a point (or cartesian coordinates)

Y'
On a graph paper, let X'OX and Y'OY be the y
coordinate axes. Let P be a y-a xis
point on this graph paper. N abscissa P (a,b)
Let P be at a distance of
b O rd inate
(i) x units from the y-axis. (ii) y units from the x-axis.
x-a xis
Then, we say that the coordinates of P are (x, y). x' x
O M
x is called the x-coordinate or abscissa of P a
y is called the y-coordinate or ordinate of P
(x, y) is also called the cartesian coordinates of the point P
The sign of coordinates are different in the different quadrants.
y'
2.5 Quadrants
The coordinates axes (plural of axis) divide the plane of the graph paper into four equal regions,
called quadrants. y
5
4
II I
Region Quadrant 3
XOY I 2
YOX' II 1 Origin

X'OY' III x' x

O
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
Y'OX IV –1
–2
III IV
–3
–4
Y y'

II I
(–, +) (+, +)
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

X' 0 X

III IV
(–, –) (+, –)

Y'

16
 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables
y
Using the convention of signs, we have :

Sign of the (–, +) (+, +)

Quadrant Nature of x and y
coordinates II q u ad rant I q u ad ra nt
I x > 0 and y > 0 (+, +) x < 0, y > 0 x > 0, y > 0
x' x
II x < 0 and y > 0 (–, +) O
III q u ad ra n t IV q u a dran t
III x < 0 and y < 0 (–, –) x < 0, y < 0 x > 0, y < 0
IV x > 0 and y < 0 (+, –) (–, )– (+, )–

(i) Both the coordinates are positive in the Ist quadrant. y'
(ii) Abscissa is negative and ordinate is positive in the IInd quadrant.
(iii) Both abscissa and ordinate are negative in the IIIrd quadrant.
(iv) Abscissa is positive and ordinate is negative in the IVth quadrant.

2.6 Co-ordinate of a point in the cartesian plane

Consider a point, say P in the first quadrant. We can reach P by moving 4 units along OX and then
moving 5 units upward parallel to OY. The point P is read as P (4, 5). Here, 4 is the x-coordinate
and 5 is the y-coordinate. Thus, every point on the coordinate plane has its abscissa and ordinate.
The abscissa and the ordinate together are called the coordinates of the point.

Y
P
5
(4, 5)

3
Q
(– 2, 2) 2

1
(0 ,0)
X' –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
X

–1
R (– 3 ,– 1 )

–2

–3
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

–4
S
–5 (5, –5)
Y'

In the above figure, the co-ordinates of P be (4, 5), the coordinates of Q be (–2, 2), the coordinates be
R be (–3, –1) and the coordinates of S be (5, –5).
The coordinates of origin are (0, 0)
(i) For any point on x-axis, y = 0
(ii) For any point on y-axis, x = 0
(iii) The coordinate of origin, O are (0, 0)

17
Class IX : Mathematics
2.7 Points on axes
If a point P lies on x-axis, its coordinate is in the form of (x, 0) and if a point Q lies on y-axis its
coordinate is in the form of (0, y) i.e., if a point P lies on x-axis its distance from x-axis will be zero
therefore we can say that its y-coordinate will be zero. Similarly if a point Q lies on y-axis its distance
from y-axis will be zero therefore we can say that its x-coordinate will be zero.

3.0 PLOTTING OF POINTS

In order to plot the points in a plane, we may use the following algorithm.
Step-1 : Draw two mutually perpendicular lines on the graph paper. One horizontal and other
vertical.
Step-2 : Mark their intersection point as O (origin)
Step-3 : Choose a suitable scale on x-axis and mark the points on both the axes.
Step-4 : Obtain the coordinates of the point which is to be plotted. Let the point be P(a, b). To plot
this point start from the origin and |a| units move along OX or OX' accordingly as a is positive or
negative respectively. Suppose we arrive at point M. From point M move vertically upward or
downward |b| units accordingly as b is positive or negative. The point where we arrive finally is
the required point P(a, b).

3.1 To plot a point corresponding to an ordered pair

Consider an ordered pair, say (3,5). To plot (3, 5), we start from O, move 3 units along OX to the
right of O and then 5 units upwards parallel to OY
Similarly, to plot (–3, 4), we start from O, move 3 units along OX' and then 4 units upwards parallel
to OY.

P
5
Q (3, 5)
4
(–3, 4)

1
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

X' –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 X

–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

Y'

18
 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables

Therefore P and Q are the required points whose coordinates are given as (3, 5) and (–3, 4)
respectively.
The ordinate of a point on the x-axis is always zero. Also abscissa of a point on the y-axis is always zero.
\ (a, 0) lies on the x-axis and (0, b) lies on the y-axis.

Illustration 1. Locate the points in the plane if its coordinates are given as A(5,0), B(0,3), C(7,2),
D(–4,3), E(– 3, – 2) and F(3, – 2).
Solution. For the point A one has to move 5 units in the positive direction of the x-axis and 0
unit in the positive direction of y-axis and follow the same steps for the other points.
The points on the cartesian plane are as shown in the figure.

Y
6
5
4
D(–4,3) B(0,3) C (7,2)
2
1 A (5,0)
O
X ' – 7 –6 – 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 X
–1
–2
E(– 3,– 2) –3 F(3,–2)
–4
–5
–6
–7
Y'

Illustration 2. Plot the following pairs of numbers as points in the cartesian plane.

x 3 –3 5 –2 5 0
y 1 2 –1 –4 0 – 1.25
(x,y) (3,1) (–3,2) (5,–1) (–2,–4) (5,0) (0, –1.25)

Solution. Let the points (3,1), (–3,2), (5,–1), (–2,–4), (5,0) and (0, –1.25) be represented by A,
B, C, D, E and F respectively.

Y
5
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

4
3
2 A(3,1)
B(– 3,2) 1
X' D(5,0)
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 X
– 1 F(0,–1.25)
C (5,–1)
–2
–3
–4
D –5
(– 2,–4)
Y'

19
Class IX : Mathematics
Y-axis
Illustration 3. A policeman and a thief are equidistant from the (Police m an)
jewellery box.
Upon considering jewellery box as origin, the
position of policeman is (0, 5). If the ordinate of the T hief (T h ief)
X' X-axis
position of thief is zero, then the position of thief is O

Solution. Since the ordinate of the position of thief is zero.

\ The position of thief lies on x-axis.
Also thief and policeman are equidistant from origin.
Y'
So, position of thief is any one of (5,0) or (– 5,0).

Illustration 4. In which quadrant do the following points lie ?

(i) (3, 2) (ii) (–2, 1) (iii) (–1, –3) (iv) (5, –1)
Solution. (i) In the point (3, 2) abscissa and ordinate both are positive. So it lies in the 1st
quadrant.
(ii) In the point (–2, 1) abscissa is negative and ordinate is positive. So it lies in the
second quadrant.
(iii) In the point (–1, –3) abscissa and ordinate are both negative. So it lies in third
quadrant.
(iv) In the point (5, –1) abscissa is positive and ordinate is negative. So it lies in the
fourth quadrant.

Illustration 5. Which of the following points lie on the x-axis.

(i) (1, 1) (ii) (1, 0) (iii) (0, 1) (iv) (0, 0)
(v) (–1, 0) (vi) (0, –1) (vii) (4, 0) (viii) (0, –7)
Solution. Points of the form (a, 0), i.e. the points in which ordinate is 0, those points lie on the x-
axis, and the points in which abscissa is 0, lie on the y-axis.
(ii) (1, 0), (iv) (0, 0), (v) (–1, 0), (vii) (4, 0).

Illustration 6. Plot the following points on the graph paper.

(i) A(2, 5) (ii) B(–5, –7) (iii) C(3, –2) (iv) D(0, 5) (v) E(5, 0)
Solution. Let XOX' and YOY' be the coordinate axes. Y'
Then the given points may be plotted as
given below D (0 , 5)
5 A (2, 5)

4
3
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

2
1 E(5, 0)
X' X
–5 – 4 –3 – 2 – 1 – 1 1 2 3 4 5
–2 C (3, –2)
–3
–4
–5
–6
B (–5 , –7) –7

20
 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables

Illustration 7. Plot the following points on a graph paper.

(i) (3, 4) (ii) (–2, 3) (iii) (–5, –2) (iv) (4, –3)
Solution. Let X'OX and Y'OY be the coordinate axes.
The given four points may be plotted as given below:

y
Q 2
Illustration 8. Write down the
2 P
(i) Abscissa
4
(ii) Ordinate 3
(iii) Co-ordinate of P, Q, R and S as given x' x
O 1
in figure: 3
S
Solution. Point P : Abscissa of P = 2 ; Ordinate of P = 3 R 5
5
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

Co-ordinate of P = (2, 3)
Point Q : Abscissa of Q = –2 ; Ordinate of Q = 4 y'
Co-ordinate of Q = (–2, 4)
Point R : Abscissa of R = –5 ; Ordinate of R = –3
Co-ordinate of R = (–5, –3)
Point S : Abscissa of S = 5 ; Ordinate of S = –1
Co-ordinate of S = (5, –1)

21
Class IX : Mathematics

Illustration 9. Plot the points A(2, 0), B(2, 2), C(0, 2) and draw the line segment OA, AB, BC and CO.
What figure do you obtain ?
Solution. On joining OA, AB, BC and CO, we get a square of each side 2 units.

Y
3
C B (2, 2)
(0 , 2) 2
1
X A (2, 0)
0 X'
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–2
–3

Y'

Illustration 10. Plot the points A(4, 4) and B(–4, 4) and join the lines OA, OB and BA. What
figure do you obtain
Solution. Joining OA, OB and BA, we get a triangle.

Y
B (– 4 , 4) 4 A (4, 4)
3
2
1
X X'
0
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–2
–3

Y'

Illustration 11. Draw a rectangle PQRS in which vertices P, Q, R and S are (1, 4), (–5, 4), (–5, –3) and
(1, –3) respectively.
Solution. Plot the point P by taking its abscissa Y
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

1 and ordinate –4. Q (– 5, 4) P (1 , 4)

Similarly, plot the points Q, R and S taking
abscissa as –5, –5 and 1 and ordinates as
X' X
4, –3 and –3 respectively. O
Join the points PQR and S. PQRS is the
required rectangle. R(–5, –3) S (1, –3)
Y'

22
 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables

1. In the given fig., write down :

(i) Abscissa (ii) Ordinate (iii) Co-ordinate of point P, Q, R and S.

Y
Q
P
5 3
X' X
5 3 1 7
R
8 8
S
Y'

2. Draw a rectangle ABCD such that its vertices A, B, C and D are (4, 3), (4, –2), (–7, –2) and (–7, 3)
respectively.

3. Draw a rhombus ABCD whose vertices are (1, 4.5), (–1, 0), (1, –4.5) and (3, 0) respectively.

4. Draw a triangle ABC whose vertices A, B and C are (–3, 0), (3, 3) and (–3, 3) respectively.

5. Draw a square PQRS whose vertices P, Q, R and S are (0, 0), (–4, 0), (–4, –4) and (0, –4)
respectively.

6. Construct a trapezium ABCD whose vertices A, B, C and D are (3, 0), (7, 9), (–6, 9) and (–2, 0)
respectively.

7. Draw a parallelogram ABCD whose vertices A, B, C and D are (–4, 8), (–4, 2), (6, –7) and (6, –1)
respectively.

8. Write coordinates of a point P if its distance from x-axis is 6 units and that of from y-axis is 1 unit.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

23
Class IX : Mathematics

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY AND

LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES
(CG-2)
4.0 LINEAR EQUATION
An equation in which the maximum power of variable is one, is called a linear equation.
eg. 4x + 5 = 3x + 1, 2x + 3y = 45

Solution of a linear equation in one variable

Value of the variable x which when substituted in equations, makes two sides of the equation
equal, is called the solution of the equation.
eg. for linear equation ax + b = 0, the solution is –b/a because if we substitute –b/a, for x in
ax + b = 0, the two sides of the equation become equal.
e.g. Consider the equation 2x + 7 = 0.
Its solution i.e. the root of the equation is –7/2. This can be represented on the number line as
shown in the figure.
–7
2

–4 –3 –2 –1 0

R oo t
The solution of a linear equation is not affected when :
(i) The same number is added or subtracted both the sides of the equation.
(ii) We multiply or divide both sides of equation by the same non-zero number.

5.0 LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

An equation which can be expressed in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a,b and c are real
numbers such that a and b not zero, is called a linear equation in two variables x and y.
In the linear equation ax + by + c = 0, a is coefficient of x, b is coefficient of y and c is constant. Here
a,b,c are called the coefficient of the linear equation.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

Illustration 1. Express the equation 7x = 3y in the form of ax + by + c = 0 and find the coefficients
of linear equation.
Solution. 7x = 3y can be written as 7x – 3y = 0
by comparing this equation from ax + by + c = 0
coefficient of x = a = 7
coefficient of y = b = – 3
constant term = c = 0
\ a = 7, b = – 3, c = 0.

24
 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables

Illustration 2. In a one-day international cricket match between India and Australia played in Kolkata,
Dhoni and Yuvraj together scored 198 runs. Express this information in the form of an
equation.
Solution. Let the number of runs scored by Dhoni be x and the runs scored by Yuvraj be y.
Q Dhoni and Yuvraj together scored 198 runs.
So, x + y = 198 Þ x + y – 198 = 0 is the required equation.

6.0 SOLUTION OF LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

Solution of linear equation in two variables i.e. ax + by + c = 0 has a pair of values, one for the
unknown variable x and one for the second unknown variable y which satisfy the given equation.
Let us consider the equation 2x + 3y = 6 when we substitute x = 1, y = 4/3 in the above equation, we
find that 2 × 1 + 4/3 × 3 = 2 + 4 = 6.
i.e. the equation is satisfied for the pair of values x = 1 and y = 4/3. Therefore (1, 4/3) is a solution
of the linear equation.

æ 2ö
We can find some more solutions of this equation like ç 2, ÷ , (0, 2), (3, 0), (4, –2/3) and so on i.e.
è 3ø
infinitely many solutions. So a linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions.

Illustration 3. Which of the following equations have a unique solution or infinitely many solutions.
(i) x + 1 = 6 (ii) y = 3x + 2
Solution. (i) The given equation is x + 1 = 6
Þ x=6–1 Þ x=5
Þ x + 0.y – 5 = 0, ...(i)
which is linear equation in one variable.
Hence, equation (i) has unique solution
(ii) The given equation is y = 3x + 2
\ 3x + (–1) y + 2 = 0 ...(ii)
which is linear equation in two variable.
Hence, equation (ii) has infinitely many solutions

Illustration 4. If (1, 3) is a solution of the equation of 3x + 5y = b, then find the value of b.

Solution. As (1, 3) is a solution of the given equation
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

\ x = 1, y = 3 satisfies the given equation.

Then, the equation 3x + 5y = b reduced to
3 × 1 + 5 × 3 = b Þ 3 + 15 = b Þ b = 18

Illustration 5. Show that (x = 1, y = 1) as well as (x = 2, y = 5) is a solution of 4x – y – 3 = 0.

Solution. If we put x = 1 and y = 1 in the given equation,
we have L.H.S = 4 × 1 – 1 – 3 = 0 = R.H.S.
so, x = 1, y = 1 is a solution of 4x – y – 3 = 0
If we put x = 2, y = 5 in the equation 4x – y – 3 = 0, we have
L.H.S. = 4 × 2 – 5 – 3 = 0 = R.H.S.
So, x = 2, y = 5 is a solution of the equation 4x – y – 3 = 0
25
Class IX : Mathematics

Illustration 6. Find two solutions of the equation : 4x + 3y = 12

Solution. The given equation is 4x + 3y = 12 ... (1)
Putting x = 0 in (1), we get
4.0 + 3y = 12 Þ 3y = 12 Þ y = 4
\ x = 0 and y = 4
So, (0, 4) is a solution of the given equation (1).
Further, putting y = 0 in (1), we get
4x + 3.0 = 12 Þ 4x = 12 Þ x = 3
\ x = 3 and y = 0
So, (3, 0) is a solution of the given equation (1).
Hence, (0, 4) and (3, 0) are two solutions of the given equation.

7.0 GRAPH OF A LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

In order to draw the graph of a linear equation ax + by + c = 0, a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0, we may follow the
following algorithm.
Step-1 : Obtain the linear equation let the equation be ax + by + c = 0.

æ ax + c ö
Step-2 : Express y in terms of x to obtain y = - ç .
è b ÷ø
Step-3 : Put any two or three values of x and calculate the corresponding values of y from
the expression in step-2 to obtain two solutions say (a1, b1) and (a2, b2) if possible
take values of x as integers in such a manner that the corresponding values of y are also
integers.
Step-4 : Plot points (a1, b1) and (a2, b2).
Step-5 : Join the points marked in step 4 to obtain a line.
The line obtained is the graph of the equation ax + by + c = 0.

Illustration 7. Draw the graph of the equation 3x – 2y = 7.

Solution. We have, 3x – 2y = 7
7 + 2y
Þ x=
3

7+2
When y = 1, x = =3
3

7+8
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

When y = 4, x = =5
3

7 + 14
When y = 7, x = =7
3

Thus, we have the following table

exhibiting the abscissa a nd
ordinates of the points on the line x 3 5 7
represented by the given equation. y 1 4 7
Plotting the points A(3, 1), B(5, 4) and C(7, 7) on the graph paper and Joining the
points A, B and C, we get a straight line.
26
 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables

Illustration 8. Write each of the following equations in the form ax + by + c = 0 and indicate the values
of a, b and c in each case.
y
(i) x – – 10 = 0 (ii) y – 2 = 0.
5

y
Solution. (i) The given equation is x – – 10 = 0
5

5x - y - 50
Þ =0
5
Þ 5x + (–1)y + (–50) = 0, ... (1)
which is the required form.
Comparing (1) with ax + by + c = 0, we get
a = 5, b = – 1 and c = –50
(ii) The given equation is y – 2 = 0
\ 0.x + y + (–2) = 0 ... (2)
which is the required form.
Comparing (2) with ax + by + c = 0, we get
a = 0, b = 1 and c = – 2

Illustration 9. Write each of the following equations as equations in two variables.

(i) 2x = – 3 (ii) 3y = 4
Solution. (i) 2x = –3
It can be written as 2.x + 0.y = –3
Þ 2.x + 0.y + 3 = 0
(ii) 3y = 4 can be written as 0.x + 3.y = 4
Þ 0.x + 3.y – 4= 0

Illustration 10. Find three solutions of the equation 2x + y = 7.

Solution. The given equation is 2x + y = 7 ... (1)
Putting x = 0 in (1), we get 2 × 0 + y = 7
Þ y=7
\ (0, 7) is a solution of (1)
Now, putting y = 0 in (1), we get 2x + 0 = 7
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

7
Þ x=
2

æ7 ö
\ çè , 0÷ø is a solution of (1).
2
Further putting y = 1 in (1), we get 2x + 1 = 7
Þ 2x = 7 – 1 Þ 2x = 6 Þ x = 3
\ (3, 1) is a solution of (1).

æ7 ö
Hence, (0, 7) çè , 0÷ø and (3, 1) are three solutions of the given equation.
2

27
Class IX : Mathematics

Illustration 11. The work done by a body on application of a constant force is directly proportional to
the distance travelled by the body. Express this in the form of an equation in two variables
and draw the graph of the same by taking the constant force as 2 units. Read from the
graph the work done when the distance travelled by the body is (i) 2 units and (ii) 0 units.
Solution. Let the work done by constant force be y units and the distance travelled by the body
be x units.
\ By the given condition y µ x Y
i.e. y = kx, where k is constant 6

As the constant force is given to be 2 units 5

W o rk d on e
4 (2,4)
\ y = 2x 3
Now when x = 0, y = 0 (1,2)
2
when x = 1, y = 2
1
when x = 2, y = 4 (0,0)
O X
\ Table of points is : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D istance travelled
x 0 1 2
y 0 2 4
Plot the points (0, 0), (1, 2) and (2, 4)
By joining these points, we get the required graph.
(i) From the graph, we see that when the distance travelled is 2, i.e., when x = 2
units, then y = 4 units, i.e., the work done is 4 units.
(ii) When x = 0, y = 0
Thus when the distance travelled is 0 units, the work done is also 0 units.

Illustration 12. The taxi fare in a city is as follows : For the first kilometer, the fare is Rs 8 and the
subsequent distance is Rs 5 per km. Taking the distance covered as x km and total fare
as Rs y, write a linear equation for this information and draw its graph.
Solution. Here the distance covered is taken as x km and the total fare as Rs y.
Fare for the first kilometer = Rs 8
Fare for the subsequent distance = Rs 5 per km
\ Fare for the (x – 1) km required = Rs 5 per km
\ By the given condition, the required linear
Y
equation is
y = 8 + 5 (x – 1) 30

25
or y = 8 + 5x – 5
\ y = 5x + 3 is the required linear equation
20
Fa re (in R s.)

19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

Now when x = 1, y = 8 (3,18)

Whenx = 2, y = 13 15 (2,13)

Whenx = 3, y = 18 10 (1,8)
\ The table of these points is 5

O X
x 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D istance (in km )
y 8 13 18

Let one unit along OX represent 1 km and one unit along OY represent Rs 5.
Plot the points (1, 8), (2, 13) and (3, 18). By joining these points, we get the required
graph.
28
 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables

Illustration 13. Draw the graphs of the lines represented by the equations 2x + y = 5 and x – y = 1 in
the same graph. Also, find the coordinates of the point, where the two lines intersect.
Solution. The given equation are 2x + y = 5 and x – y = 1
y = 5 – 2x ... (1) and y = x – 1 ... (2)
Y

(–1 , 7) 7
6
(0 , 5) 5
y=x– 1
4
(1, 3)
3
2
1 P(2 ,1)

0)
(1 ,
X' X
– 6 – 5 –4 – 3 –2 – 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
– 1 (0, – 1 )
(– 1,– 2 )
–2
–3
–4 y=5 – 2x
–5
–6

Y'
Find the values of y, when x = 1, 0 and –1 from equations (1) and (2) and get the points.
The required tables are :
For the equation : y = 5 – 2x
x 1 0 –1
y 3 5 7
(x, y) (1, 3) (0, 5) (–1, 7)
For the equation : y = x – 1

x 0 1 –1
y –1 0 –2
(x, y) (0, –1) (1, 0) (–1, –2)
Plot the two set of points (1, 3), (0, 5), (–1, 7) and (0, –1), (1, 0), (–1, –2) respectively
on the graph and draw the lines AB and CD passing through these points. The given
two lines intersect at P(2,1).

1. Write each of the following equations as equations in two variables (ax + by + c = 0) and find the
value of a, b and c.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

(i) x = 8 (ii) y = –3 (iii) x – 3 = 5 y (iv) 2 = 5x – 3y

2. Check which of the followings are solutions of the equation x – 2y = 4 and which are not :
(i) (0, 2) (ii) (4, 0) (iii) ( 2 , 4 2 )

3. Draw the graph of the following equation y – x = 2.

4. Draw the graph of the equation 2x + 3y = 5.
5. Draw the graph of the line x – 3y = 4. From the graph, find the ordered pair of the points when
(i) y = – 1, (ii) x = –2.
6. Find four solutions of the equation x + 2y = 6.

29
Class IX : Mathematics

1. The point (2, 3) is at a distance of _______________ units from x-axis :

(A) 2 units (B) 5 units (C) 3 units (D) None of these

2. The point (3, 2) is at a distance of _______________ units from y-axis :

(A) 2 units (B) 3 units (C) 5 units (D) None of these

3. The point (–3, 2) belongs to Quadrant _____________ :

(A) Q1 (B) Q2 (C) Q3 (D) Q4

4. The point (3, 2) belongs to quadrant ____________:

(A) Q1 (B) Q2 (C) Q3 (D) Q4

5. The point (–2, –3) belongs to Quadrant :

(A) Q1 (B) Q2 (C) Q3 (D) Q4

6. The point (–2, 0) lies on :

(A) +ve x-axis (B) +ve y-axis (C) –ve x-axis (D) –ve y-axis

7. The point (0, –2) lies on :

(A) +ve x-axis (B) +ve y-axis (C) –ve x-axis (D) –ve y-axis

8. One set of ordered pair which belong to a straight line represented by an equation y = 2x – 1 is
(A) (1, 1) (B) (2, 1) (C) (1, 2) (D) (3, 1)

9. Which equation fits the data in the table ?

x -1 0 1 2
y -3 -1 1 3
(A) y = x – 2 (B) y = 2x – 1 (C) y = 3x – 3 (D) y = x + 1

10. Which of the following pairs of equations have the same solutions
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

(A) 6x = 3 and 3x = 1.5 (B) 8x = 3 and 4x = 1

(C) 10x = 9 and 5x = 18 (D) 12x = 6 and 6x = 6

11. The option which is not a solution of the equation 2x + 3y = 6, is

(A) (3, 0) (B) (0, 2) (C) (–3, 4) (D) (1, 1)

12. ax + by + c = 0 does not represent equation of line if

(A) a = c = 0, b ¹ 0 (B) b = c = 0, a ¹ 0
(C) a = b = 0 (D) c = 0, a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0

30
 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables

13. x = 2, y = – 1 is a solution of the line equal to

(A) 2x + 3y = 5 (B) x + y = 5 (C) x + y = 1 (D) x – y = 9

14. The straight line 2x – 5y = 0 passes through the point

(A) (–1, 1) (B) (3, 1) (C) (0, 0) (D) None of these

15. The graph of the lines x + y = 7 and x – y = 3 meet at the point

(A) (5, 2) (B) (2, 5) (C) (6, 3) (D) (–1, 4)

16. If 2a – 3 = 5 and 3b + 1 = 2. Then 3b – 2a is

(A) –3 (B) –7 (C) 7 (D) – 9

17. The abcissa of a point is perpendicular distance of that point from :

(A) x-axis (B) y-axis (C) Origin (D) None of these

18. The coordinates of a point are (x, y) and it lies in 4 quadrant. Then which of the following is
true ?
(A) x > 0, y > 0 (B) x < 0, y < 0 (C) x > 0, y < 0 (D) x < 0, y > 0

19. In the figure, a line l is parallel to x-axis and it is 4 unit away from x-axis. The coordinates of
point A are : y

(A) (–4, 0) A
l¢ l
(B) (4, 0) 4
(C) (0, 4) x¢ x
(0,0) O
(D) None of these
y¢

20. The centre O of a circle lies on the origin. If the radius of circle is 3 units, the coordinates of
point A, which lies on the circle, is : y

(A) (3, 0)
(B) (0, 3) x¢
O x
(0,0) A
(C) (–3, 0)
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

(D) (0, –3)

y¢

21. If (x, y) = (y, x), then :

x
(A) x – y = 0 (B) x + y = 0 (C) xy = 0 (D) =0
y

22. The points (–5, 2) and (2, –5) lie in the :

(A) same quadrant (B) II and III quadrant resp.
(C) II and IV quadrant resp. (D) IV and II quadrant resp

31
Class IX : Mathematics

23. The perpendicular distance of the point P(3, 4) from y-axis is :

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 7

24. On plotting the points O(0, 0), A(3, 0), B(3, 4), C(0, 4) and joining OA, AB, BC, OC. Which
of the following figures is obtained.
(A) Square (B) Rectangle (C) Trapezium (D) Rhombus

25. In the figure, O is the origin and OABC is square of side 2 units. The coordinates of A, B and
C respectively are y
B
(A) (2, 0); (2, 2); (–2, 0) C

(B) (2, 0); (–2, 2); (0, 2) 2 units

O
x
(C) (2, 0); (0, 2); (–2, –2) (0,0) 2 units A

(D) (2, 0); (2, 2); (0, 2)

19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

32
 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables

1. The straight line passing through the points (0, 0), (–1, 1) and (1, – 1) has equation
(A) 2 – x = 3y (B) y = x (C) 2x – y = 0 (D) x + y = 0

2. The graph of the equation 2x – 3 = 3x – 5 is parallel to

(A) x-axis (B) y-axis (C) both the axes (D) None of these

3. If x = 1,y = 1 is a solution of equation 9ax + 12ay = 63 then, the value of a is

(A) –3 (B) 3 (C) 7 (D) 5

4. The value of x satisfying the equation x2 + p2 = (q – x)2 is

p2 - q 2 q 2 - p2 q 2 - p2 p2 - q 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2q 2 2q

5. If 2x2 + xy – 3y2 + x + ay – 10 = (2x + 3y + b) (x – y – 2) the value of a and b are

(A) 11 and 5 (B) 1 and –5 (C) –1 and –5 (D) –11 and 5

6. If (x + 1, 4) = (5, y – 1), then the value of x and y are :

(A) x = 4, y = 4 (B) x = 5, y = 4 (C) x = 4, y = 5 (D) x = 5, y = 5

7. A point is at a distance of 3 units from the x-axis and 5 unit from y-axis. Which of the following
may be the coordinates of point ?
(A) (5, 3) (B) (–5, 3) (C) (–5, –3) (D) All of the above

8. The points (other than origin) for which abscissa is equal to the ordinate will lie in :
(A) I quadrant only (B) I and II quadrant
(C) I and III quadrant (D) II and IV quadrant

9. The coordinate of the point where the line 3x – 5 = y + 4 meets the x-axis are :
(A) (3, 0) (B) (0, 3) (C) (–3, 0) (D) (0, –3)

x y
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

10. If the points (1, 0) and (2, 1) lie an the graph of + = 1 , then the value of a and b are:
a b
(A) a = 1, b = 1 (B) a = 1, b = –1 (C) a = –1, b = 1 (D) a = –1, b = –1

33
Class IX : Mathematics

Very short answer type questions

1. Write a linear equation in two variables to represent each of the following statement.
(a) The cost of a pen is thrice the cost of a pencil.
(b) 5 books and 7 pens together cost Rs 79.
(c) In a one-day International cricket match between India and Sri Lanka, the two teams together
scored 679 runs.
(d) Two numbers are such that two times of one is same as 3 times of the other.
(e) The age of Jenson is less than the age of Gibin by 6 years.

2. Write each of the following equations in the form ax + by + c = 0 and indicate the values of
a, b and c in each case.
(i) 2x + 3y = 9.35 (ii) x – 4 = 3y
(iii) 5x – 3y = 4 (iv) 2x = y
(v) – 2x + 3y = 6

3. Which of the following equations have a unique solution or infinitely many solutions.
x 2
(i) x – 10 = 12 (ii) y = 3x + 5 (iii) =
y 3

4. Find two solutions for each of the following equations

(i) 2x – y = 8 (ii) x – 5 = 0 (iii) 3x – 8y = 10 (iv) 2x – 3 = 0

5. Find three solutions of the following equations :

3 y
(i) 8x – 3y = 10 (ii) y = x + 2 (iii) x + = 1
2 3

Short answer type questions

6. Plot the points (0, 0), (2, 3), (–2,3), (–4, –3) and (5, –1) in a rectangular co-ordinate system.

7. In which quadrant will the point lie, if:

(i) The y-coordinate is –3 and the x-coordinate is 4 ?
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

(ii) The x-coordinate is –5 and the y-coordinate is – 3 ?

(iii) The y-coordinate is 4 and the x-coordinate is 5 ?
(iv) The y-coordinate is 4 and the x-coordinate is –4 ?

8. Draw the quadrilateral whose vertices are:

(i) (1, 1), (2,4), (8, 4) and (10,1)
(ii)(– 2, – 2), (– 4,2), (–6, –2) and (–4, –6).

9. Locate the points (5, 0), (0, 5), (2, 5), (5, 2), (–3, 5), (–3, –5), (5, –3) and (6, 1) in the cartesian
plane.

34
 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables

Long answer type questions

10. Plot the points A(1, 3), B(1, –1), C(7, –1), D(7, 3). Join the points. Name the figure. Find its area.

11. In figure ABCD is a square. Find the co-ordinates of points A and C.

Y
A 3 B(2,3)
2
1
X' –1 0 1 2 X
–1

(–1,–2)D –2 C
Y'

12. Draw the graphs of each of the following linear equations :

(i) x + y = 7

(ii) 2x + y = 8
2 1 1
(iii) - = , x ¹ 0
x 2 x

1 1 3
(iv) + = , x ¹ 0, y ¹ 0
x y xy

13. If the point (1, 2) lies on the graph of the equation 2y = ax – 4. Find the value of a and hence
draw the graph of the linear equation.

High order thinking skills (HOTS)

14. Write the four solutions for the equation :

px + y = 9

15. If three times the larger of the two numbers is divided by the smaller one, we get 4 as the quotient
and 3 as remainder. Write a linear equation in two variables to represent this statement. Also write
their two solutions.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

35
Class IX : Mathematics

x 2 yz 2
1. If x = 1, y = –1, and z = –1, then the value of is : [NTSE STAGE II (2007)]
3
1 1
(A) (B) – (C) 1 (D) –1
3 3

3
2. In x = –7+ x, the value of x is : [NTSE STAGE I (2007)]
4
7
(A) 4 (B) – (C) –28 (D) 28
3

3.
3 2 11 5
In the equation 2 ×1 + 9 =1 + x, x is equals to : [NTSE STAGE I (2009)]
4 3 12 6
2 7 2 1
(A) 12 (B) 10 (C) 10 (D) 9
3 12 3 12

4. When y = 6 in the relation x = ay – 5, then x = 7. If y = 10, then value of x will be

[NTSE STAGE I (2009)]
(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 30 (D) 15

1 1
5. If p + = x + y and p - = x - y then the true statement is - [NTSE STAGE I (2010)]
p p
(A) x+y = 0 (B) x = y (C) xy = 2 (D) xy = 1

2 2æ 2 ö
6. In the equation x - ç x - x ÷ = 8 , x is equal to [NTSE STAGE I (2010)]
9 9è 9 ø
(A) 162 (B) 81 (C) 72 (D) 9

x 2y – x 2
7. If = 0.25 then + equals to- [NTSE STAGE I (2010)]
y 2y + x 9
4
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) (D) 3
9

8. A pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically represent lines which are :

[NTSE STAGE I (2012)]
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

(A) Intersecting at (a, b) (B) Intersecting at (b, a)

(C) Parallel (D) Coincident

9. In the equations 3x + 2y = 13xy and 4x – 5y = 2xy, the values of x and y that satisfy the equations
are [NTSE STAGE I (2016)]
æ1 1ö æ1 1ö
(A) (2, 3) (B) (3, 2) (C) ç , ÷ (D) ç , ÷
è2 3ø è 3 2ø

10. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 14. If 18 is subtracted from the number, digits are
reversed. Find the number. [NTSE STAGE I (2018)]
(A) 86 (B) 77 (C) 68 (D) 76

36
 Co-ordinate Geometr y and Linear Equation in Two Variables

ANSWERS
CHECK POST-1
1. (i) 1, –3, –8, 8 (ii) 3, 5, –5, –7 (iii) P(1, 3), Q(–3, 5), R(–8, –5), S(8, –7)
8. Coordinates of the point P(6, 1)

CHECK POST-2
1. (i) a = 1, b = 0, c = – 8 (ii) a = 0, b = 1, c = 3

(iii) a = 1, b = – 5 and c = – 3 (iv) a = 5, b = – 3 and c = – 2

2. (i) (0, 2) is not a solution of the given equation
(ii) (4, 0) is a solution of the given equation.

(iii) ( 2 , 4 2 ) is not a solution of the given equation.

5. (i) x = 1, coordinates = (1, –1) (ii) y = –2 coordinates = (–2, –2)
6. (0, 3), (6, 0), (2, 2) and (4, 1) are four solutions of the given equation.

EXERCISE-1 (ELEMENTARY)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. C B B A C C D A B A
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. D C C C A B B C C A
Que. 21 22 23 24 25
Ans. A C A B D

EXERCISE-2 (SEASONED)
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. D B B B D C D C A B

EXERCISE-3 (CBSE PATTERN)

1. (a) x = 3y, where x = cost of a pen and y = cost of a pencil.

(b) 5x + 7y = 79, where x = cost of a book and y = cost of a pen.
(c) x + y = 679, where x = runs scored by India and y = runs scored by Sri Lanka.
(d) 2x = 3y, where x = first number and y = second number.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

(e) x + 6 = y, where x = age of Jenson and y = age of Gibin.

2. (i) 2x + 3y + (–9.35) = 0, a = 2, b = 3, c = –9.35

(ii) x + (– 3 )y + (–4) = 0, a = 1, b = - 3 , c = –4
(iii) 5x + (–3)y + (–4) = 0, a = 5, b = –3, c = –4
(iv) 2x + (–1)y + 0 = 0, a = 2, b = –1, c = 0
(v) 2x + (–3)y + 6 = 0, a = 2, b = –3, c = 6

37
Class IX : Mathematics

3. (i) Unique solution (ii) Infinitely many solutions

(iii) Infinitely many solutions

4. (i) (4, 0), (0, –8) (ii) (5, 1), (5, 2)

æ -5 ö æ 10 ö æ3 ö æ3 ö
(iii) çè 0, ÷ø , çè ,0÷ø (iv) çè ,1÷ø , çè ,0÷ø
4 3 2 2

æ 10 ö æ 5 ö æ -2 ö
5. (i) çè 0, ÷ø , çè ,0÷ø , çè 1, ÷ø (ii) (0, 2), (2, 5), (4, 8)
3 4 3

(iii) (1, 0), (0, 3), (–1, 6)

7. (i) IV quadrant (ii) III quadrant

(iii) I quadrant (iv) II quadrant

10. Rectangle, 24 sq. units

11. A(–1,3), C(2,–2) 13. a = 8

æ9 ö æ7 ö
14. (0, 9), (1,9 - p) , çè ,0÷ø , çè , 2÷ø 15. 3x = 4y + 3 and (5, 3) & (9, 6)
p p

EXERCISE-4 (COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT)

Q ue. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. B D A D D A A A C A

19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\2.Co-Ordinate Geometry

38
 Chapter

3
1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 QUADRILATERAL
2.1 Quadrilaterals in Practical Life
2.2 Terms Related to Quadrilaterals

3.0 ANGLE SUM PROPERTY OF A QUADRILATERAL

4.0 TYPES OF QUADRILATERALS

4.1 Trapezium
4.2 Isosceles trapezium
4.3 Parallelogram
4.4 Rhombus
4.5 Rectangle
4.6 Square
4.7 Kite

5.0 PROPERTIES OF A PARALLELOGRAM

5.1 Important Theorems
5.2 Sufficient Conditions For A Quadrilateral to be a Parallelogram.
5.3 Properties of a Rectangle, Rhombus and a Square

6.0 MID- POINT THEOREM

EXERCISE-1 (ELEMENTARY)
Unit Two

EXERCISE-2 (SEASONED)

EXERCISE-3 (CBSE - PATTERN)

EXERCISE-4 (COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT)
 Quadrilaterals

QUADRILATERALS(QUAD)
(QUAD-1)

1.0 INTRODUCTION
We know that the figure obtained on joining three non-collinear points in pairs is a triangle. If we mark
four points and join them in some order, then there are three possibilities for the figure obtained:
(i) If all the points are collinear (in the same line), we obtain a line segment.

· · · ·
(ii) If three out of four points are collinear, we get a triangle.

· · ·

(iii) If no three points out of four are collinear, we obtain a closed figure with four sides.

·
· ·
· ·

· · ·

Each of the figure obtained by joining four points in order is called a quadrilateral.

2.0 QUADRILATERAL

The word 'quad' means four and the word 'lateral' means sides. Thus, a plane figure bounded by four
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

line segments AB, BC, CD and DA is called a quadrilateral and is written as quad. ABCD or,
ABCD.
D
C

B
A

39
Class IX : Mathematics

2.1 Quadrilaterals in Practical Life

We find so many objects around us which are of the shape of a quadrilateral, the floor, walls, ceiling,
windows of our classroom, the blackboard, each face of the duster, each page of our mathematics
book, the top of our study table, etc.

M aths
for
C lass IX

B lack Bo ard B oo k Table

2.2 Terms Related to Quadrilaterals

In a quadrilateral ABCD, we have

A B

(i) Vertices : The points A, B, C and D are called the vertices of quadrilateral ABCD.
(ii) Sides : The line segments AB, BC, CD and DA are called the sides of quadrilateral ABCD.
(iii) Diagonals : The line segments AC and BD are called the diagonals of quadrilateral ABCD.
(iv) Adjacent sides : The sides of a quadrilateral are said to be adjacent sides if they have a
common end point.
Here, in the above figure, (AB,BC),(BC,CD),(CD,DA)and(DA,AB) are four pairs of adjacent
sides or consecutive sides of quadrilateral ABCD.
(v) Opposite sides : Two sides of a quadrilateral are said to be opposite sides if they have no
common end point.
Here, in the above figure, (AB, DC) and (BC, AD) are two pairs of opposite sides of
quadrilateral ABCD.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

(vi) Consecutive angles : Two angles of a quadrilateral are said to be consecutive angles if they have
a common arm.
Here, in the above figure, (ÐA, ÐB), (ÐB, ÐC), (ÐC, ÐD) and (ÐD, ÐA) are four pairs of
consecutive angles.
(vii) Opposite angles : Two angles of a quadrilateral are said to be opposite angles if they have no
common arm.
Here, in the given figure, (ÐA, ÐC) and (ÐB, ÐD) are two pairs of opposite angles of
quadrilateral ABCD.

40
 Quadrilaterals

3.0 ANGLE SUM PROPERTY OF A QUADRILATERAL

l Theorem : The sum of the four angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.
Given : A quadrilateral ABCD.
To Prove : ÐA + ÐB + ÐC + ÐD = 360°
Construction : Join AC.
D C
5 3
4

6
B
2 1
A
Proof :
Statement Reason
1. In DABC Ð1+ Ð4+ Ð6 = 180° Sum of angles of a triangle =180°
2. In DADC Ð2 + Ð3 + Ð5 = 180° Sum of angles of a triangle = 180°
3. (Ð1 + Ð2) + (Ð3 + Ð4) + Ð5 + Ð6 = 180° + 180° Adding (1) & (2), we get
4. ÐA + ÐC + ÐD + ÐB = 360°
5. ÐA + ÐB + ÐC + ÐD = 360°
Hence Proved.

llustration 1. The angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 3 : 5 : 9 : 13. Find all the angles of the
quadrilateral.

Solution. Let the four angles of the quadrilateral be 3x, 5x, 9x and 13x .
\ 3x + 5x + 9x + 13x= 360° [Sum of all the angles of quadrilateral is 360°]
Þ 30x = 360° Þ x = 12°
Hence, the angles of the quadrilateral are 3 × 12° = 36°, 5 × 12° = 60°, 9 × 12° = 108°
and 13 × 12° = 156°.

llustration 2. In quadrilateral ABCD ÐB = 90°, ÐC – ÐD = 60° and ÐA – ÐC – ÐD = 10°. Find ÐA,

ÐC and ÐD.
D
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

90°
A B

Solution. ÐA + ÐB + ÐC + ÐD = 360° (Sum of the four angles of a quadrilateral is 360°)

Þ ÐA + ÐC + ÐD = 360° – ÐB

41
Class IX : Mathematics

ÐA + ÐC + ÐD = 360° – 90°
ÐA + ÐC + ÐD = 270° ...(1)
It is given that
ÐA – ÐC – ÐD = 10° ...(2)
ÐC – ÐD = 60° ...(3)
Adding (1) and (2), we get
(ÐA + ÐC + ÐD) + (ÐA – ÐC – ÐD)= 270° + 10°
ÐA + ÐC + ÐD + ÐA – ÐC – ÐD = 280°

280°
2ÐA = 280° Þ ÐA = Þ ÐA = 140°
2
From (1), 140° + ÐC+ÐD = 270°
Þ ÐC + ÐD= 270° – 140° Þ ÐC + ÐD = 130° ...(4)
Adding (3) and (4), we get
(ÐC – ÐD) + ÐC + ÐD = 60° + 130°
ÐC – ÐD + ÐC + ÐD = 190°
190°
2 × ÐC = 190° Þ ÐC = Þ ÐC = 95°
2
Subtracting (3) from (4), we get
(ÐC + ÐD) – (ÐC – ÐD) = 130° – 60°
ÐC + ÐD – ÐC + ÐD = 70°
2 × ÐD = 70°
70°
ÐD = Þ ÐD = 35°
2

1. In quadrilateral ABCD, if ÐA = 60° and ÐB : ÐC : ÐD = 2 : 3 : 7, then ÐD =

(A) 175° (B) 135° (C) 150° (D) None of these

2. Three angles of a quadrilateral are of magnitudes 80°, 95° and 120°. The magnitude of the fourth
angle is :
(A) 80° (B) 65° (C) 75° (D) 70°

3. In a quadrilateral ABCD, the angles A, B, C and D are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4. Find the measure of
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

the largest angle.

(A) 108° (B) 144° (C) 154° (D) 72°

4. In the above question find the smallest angle .

(A) 90° (B) 144° (C) 36° (D) 72°

5. In a quadrilateral ABCD, the angles A, B, C and D are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 4 : 5. Which among the
following is not an angle of the quadrilateral ?
(A) 60° (B) 120° (C) 100° (D) 150°

42
 Quadrilaterals

6. The sides BA and DC of a quadrilateral ABCD are produced as shown in figure.

Prove that a + b = x + y.

D C
y
a

b x
A B

7. In a quadrilateral ABCD, AO and BO are the bisectors of ÐA and ÐB respectively. Prove that
1
ÐAOB = (ÐC + ÐD) .
2

8. In the figure, bisectors of ÐB and ÐD of quadrilateral ABCD meet CD and AB produced at P and
1
Q respectively. Prove that ÐP + ÐQ = (ÐABC + ÐADC) .
2
A B Q
3
4

1
2
P D C

9. Three angles of quadrilateral are respectively equal to 110°, 50° and 40°. Find its fourth angle.

10. The angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 4 : 7 : 10 : 15. Find all the angles of the quadrilateral.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

43
Class IX : Mathematics

QUADRILATERALS
(QUAD-2)
4.0 TYPES OF QUADRILATERALS
4.1 Trapezium D C

A B
A quadrilateral in which exactly one pair of opposite sides is parallel, is called a trapezium.
In the above figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AB P DC.
\ ABCD is a trapezium.

4.2 Isosceles trapezium D C

A B

A trapezium whose non-parallel sides are equal is called an isosceles trapezium.

In the above figure, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB P DC and BC = AD .
\ ABCD is an isosceles trapezium.

4.3 Parallelogram
D C

A B
A quadrilateral in which both pair of opposite sides are parallel is called a parallelogram.

In the above figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AB P DC, BC P AD.

\ Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.

4.4 Rhombus
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

A parallelogram whose all sides are equal is called a rhombus.

In the above figure, ABCD is a parallelogram in which AB = BC = CD = DA, AB P DC and
BC P AD .
\ Parallelogram ABCD is a rhombus.

44
 Quadrilaterals

4.5 Rectangle
D C

A B
A parallelogram whose each angle is equal to 90°, is called a rectangle.
In the abvoe figure, ABCD is a parallelogram in which
ÐA = ÐB = ÐC = ÐD = 90°, AB P DC and BC P AD.
\ Parallelogram ABCD is a rectangle.

4.6 Square

D C

A B

A rectangle in which a pair of adjacent sides are equal is called a square.

In the above figure, ABCD is a rectangle in which AB = BC = CD = DA .
\ Rectangle ABCD is a square.

4.7 Kite
A

B D

C
A quadrilateral having two pairs of equal adjacent sides and unequal opposite sides is called a
kite.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

In the above figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AB = AD and BC = CD. But AB ¹ BC and
AD ¹ CD.
\ Quadrilateral ABCD is a kite.
Note : (i) A square, rectangle and rhombus are parallelograms.
(ii) A rectangle or a rhombus is not necessarily a square.
(iii) A kite is not a parallelogram.

45
Class IX : Mathematics

5.0 PROPERTIES OF A PARALLELOGRAM

5.1 Important Theorems
(1) Theorem : A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.

D C

A B

Given : ABCD is a parallelogram and AC is a diagonal which forms two triangles CAB and ACD.
To Prove : DACD @ DCAB
Proof :
Statement Reason

1. Q AB P DC and AD P BC ABCD is a parallelogram

2. (i) Q AB P DC and AC is a transversal

ÐACD = ÐCAB Alternate interior angles

(ii) Q AD P BC and AC is a transversal

\ ÐCAD = ÐACB Alternate interior angles

3. In DACD and DCAB,

ÐACD = ÐCAB From (2)

AC = AC Common

ÐCAD = ÐACB From (3)

Therefore, DACD @ DCAB By ASA congruence rule

Hence Proved.
D C
(2) Theorem : In a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal.

Given : A parallelogram ABCD

19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

To Prove : AB = CD and DA = BC

Construction : Join AC A B
Proof : Since ABCD is a parallelogram. Therefore, AB||DC and AD||BC

Now, AD||BC and transversal AC intersects them at A and C respectively.

Now, AD||BC and transversal AC intersects them at A and C respectively.

\ ÐDAC = ÐBCA .....(i) [Alternate interior angles]

Again, AB||DC and transversal AC intersects them at A and C respectively.

46
 Quadrilaterals

\ ÐBAC = ÐDCA .....(ii) [Alternate interior angles]

Now, in DsADC and CBA, we have
ÐDAC = ÐBCA [From (i)]
AC = AC [Common side]
and, ÐDCA = ÐBAC [From (ii)]
So, by ASA-criterion of congruence
DADC @ DCBA
Þ AD = CB and DC = BA [Q Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal]
Hence Proved.
(3) Theorem : In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.
D C

A B
Given : ABCD is a parallelogram.
To Prove : ÐA = ÐC and ÐB = ÐD
Proof :
Statement Reason

1. AB P DC and AD P BC Since ABCD is a parallelogram

2. AB P DC and AD is a transversal Sum of consecutive interior angles is 180°

\ ÐA + ÐD = 180° ...(i)

3. AD P BC and DC is a transversal Sum of consecutive interior angles is 180°

\ ÐD + ÐC = 180° ....(ii)
4. ÐA + ÐD = ÐD + ÐC From (i) & (ii)
ÐA = ÐC
5. Similarly, ÐB = ÐD
ÐA = ÐC and ÐB = ÐD
Hence Proved.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

(4) Theorem : The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

Given : ABCD is a parallelogram, diagonals AC and BD intersect at O.
To prove : OA = OC and OB = OD [As shown in the below figure]
D C

A B

47
Class IX : Mathematics

Proof :
Statement Reason
1. AB P DC and AD P BC ABCD is a parallelogram
2. In DAOB and DCOD ,
\ ÐBAO = ÐDCO Alternate angles
AB = CD Opposite sides of a parallelogram
\ ÐABO = ÐCDO Alternate angles
3. DAOB @ DCOD By ASA congruence rule
4. \ OA = OC and OB = OD [C.P.C.T.]
Hence Proved.

Summary : It follows from the above discussion that : In a parallelogram

(i) Diagonals divide it into congruent triangles (ii) Opposite sides are equal
(iii) Opposite angles are equal (iv) The diagonals bisect each other.
5.2 Sufficient Conditions For A Quadrilateral to be a Parallelogram.
A quadrilateral is a parallelogram:
(i) If both pairs of opposite sides are equal;
(ii) If both pairs of opposite angles are equal;
(iii) If the diagonals bisect each other;
(iv) If a pair of opposite sides are parallel as well as equal.
1. Theorem : If each pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is equal, then it is parallelogram.
Given : A quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = CD and CB = AD .
To Prove : ABCD is a parallelogram.
Construction : Join AC.
D C

A B
Proof :
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

Statement Reason
1. In DABC and DCDA
AB = CD Given
CB = AD Given
AC = AC Common
\ DABC @ DCDA By SSS congruence rule
\ ÐBAC = ÐDCA C.P.C.T.
AB P DC alternate interior angles

48
 Quadrilaterals

2. Similarly ÐBCA = ÐDAC C.P.C.T.

BC P AD alternate interior angles
3. AB P DC and BC P AD From (1) & (2)
4. \ ABCD is a parallelogram
Hence Proved.

2. Theorem : A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel.

Given : ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AB = CD and AB P DC
To Prove : ABCD is a parallelogram.
Construction : Join AC.

D C

A B
Proof :
Statement Reason
1. In DABC and DCDA
AB = CD Given
AC = AC Common
ÐBAC = ÐDCA Alternate interior angles [Q AB P DC]
and AC intersects them
\ DABC @ DCDA By SAS
\ ÐBCA = ÐDAC C.P.C.T.
\ AD P BC But these are Alternate interior angles.
2. Q AB P CD and AD P BC
3. \ ABCD is a parallelogram.
Hence Proved.

3. Theorem : If in a quadrilateral, each pair of opposite angles is equal, then it is a parallelogram

19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

Given : A quadrilateral ABCD in which ÐA = ÐC and ÐB = ÐD

To Prove : ABCD is parallelogram
Construction : Join AC & BD
D C

A B

49
Class IX : Mathematics

Proof :
Statement Reason

ÐA = ÐC Given
Þ ÐB = ÐD
Þ ÐA + ÐB + ÐC + ÐD = 360º
Þ ÐA + ÐB = 180º
\ AD || BC ... (i)
Similarly,
ÐB +ÐC = 180º
therefore AB || CD
\ ABCD is a parallelogram
Hence Proved

4. Theorem : If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then it is a parallelogram.

Given : ABCD is a quadrilateral whose diagonals AC and BD intersect at point O such that
OA = OC and OB = OD.
To Prove : ABCD is a parallelogram.

D C

A B
Proof :
Statement Reason
1. In DAOB and DCOD ,
OA = OC Given
ÐAOB = ÐCOD Vertically opposite angles
OB = OD Given
DAOB @ DCOD By SAS congruence rule
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

\ ÐBAO = ÐDCO C.P.C.T.

i.e., alternate interior angles are equal
\ AB P DC
2. Similarly, AD P BC
3. ABCD is a parallelogram.
Hence Proved.

50
 Quadrilaterals

5.3 Properties of a Rectangle, Rhombus and a Square

(i) The diagonals of a rectangle are of equal length.
(ii) The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other.
(iii) The diagonals of a square are equal and perpendicular to each other.

llustration 1. In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. Find the values of x and y.
A D
28°
60°

(1 2x)
(7y)
B C
Solution. Since ABCD is a parallelogram, Therefore AB || DC and AD || BC.
Now, AB || DC and transversal BD intersects them
\ ÐABD = ÐBDC [Alternate interior angles]
60°
Þ 12x = 60° Þ x= Þ x = 5°
12
and , AD || BC and transversal BD intersects them.
\ ÐDBC = ÐADB
Þ 7y = 28° Þ y = 4°
Hence , x = 5° and y = 4°

llustration 2. In figure, ABCD is a parallelogram in which ÐD = 72°. Find ÐA, ÐB and ÐC.
A B

72°
D C
Solution. We have ÐD = 72°
But ÐB = ÐD [Opposite angles of the parallelogram]
\ ÐB = 72°
Now, AB || CD and AD and BC are two transversals.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

So, ÐA + ÐD = 180°
[Interior angles on the same side of the transversal AD]
Þ ÐA + 72° = 180°
Þ ÐA = 180° – 72° = 108°
\ ÐC = ÐA = 108° [Opposite angles of the parallelogram]
Hence, ÐA = 108°, ÐB = 72° and ÐC = 108°.

51
Class IX : Mathematics

llustration 3. ABCD is a parallelogram. If P, Q are points on the diagonal BD such that BP = DQ,
prove that APCQ is a parallelogram.
Solution. We know diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
\ OA= OC and OB = OD
Given BP = DQ
D C
Q 2
O

1 P
A B
\ OB – BP = OD – DQ
Þ OP = OQ
Consider Ds AOP and OCQ
Here, OA = OC (as above)
OP = OQ (as above)
ÐAOP = ÐQOC (vert. opp. Ðs)
Þ DAOP @ DOCQ
Þ AP = QC
and Ð1 = Ð2 (c.p.c.t)
Þ AP||QC (As AC cuts the lines AP and QC, and alt. Ðs are equal)
Þ APCQ is a parallelogram (Q AP = QC and AP||CQ)

Illustration 4. In figure, ABCD is a parallelogram in which ÐDAB = 75° and ÐDBC = 60°. Compute
ÐCDB and ÐADB.
D C

60°
75°
A B
Solution. In parallelogram ABCD
Q Lines AB || CD and AD || BC
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

\ ÐADB = ÐCBD = 60° [Q alternate interior angles are equal]

and ÐBCD = ÐDAB = 75° [Q in a ||gm, opposite angles are equal.]
As we known that in a ||gm, consecutive angles are supplementary.
\ ÐBCD + ÐCDB + ÐADB = 180°
\ 75° + ÐCDB + 60° = 180°
\ ÐCDB = 45°

52
 Quadrilaterals

Illustration 5. ABCD is a rhombus with ÐABC = 56°. Determine ÐACD.

Solution. ABCD is a rhombus
C D
Þ ABCD is a parallelogram
Þ ÐABC = ÐADC
O
Þ ÐADC = 56° [Q ÐABC = 56° (given)]

1 B A
Þ ÐODA = 28° [Q ÐODC = ÐADC]
2

In DOCD,
ÐOCD + ÐODC + ÐCOD = 180°
Þ ÐOCD + 28° + 90° = 180° [\ ÐODA = ÐODC = 28°]
Þ ÐOCD = 62°
Þ ÐACD = 62°

llustration 6. ABCD is a rectangle with ÐBAC= 32°. Determine ÐDBC.

D C

32°
A B

Solution Suppose the diagonals AC and BD intersect at O.

In DOAB,
OA = OB [Q Diagonals of a rectangle are equal and they bisect each other]
Þ ÐOAB = ÐOBA
Þ ÐBAC = ÐDBA
Þ ÐDBA = 32° [Q ÐBAC = 32° (given)]
Now, ÐABC = 90°
Þ ÐDBA + Ð DBC = 90°
Þ 32° + ÐDBC = 90°
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

Þ ÐDBC = 90° – 32° = 58°

llustration 7. PQRS is a square. Determine ÐSRP.

S R
1

P Q

53
Class IX : Mathematics

Solution Since PQRS in a square.

\ PS= SR and ÐPSR = 90°
In DPSR,
PS = SR
Þ Ð1 = Ð2 [Q Angles opp. to equal sides are equal]
But, Ð1 + Ð2 + ÐPSR = 180°
\ 2Ð1 + 90° = 180° [Q ÐPSR = 90°]
Þ 2Ð1 = 90°
Þ Ð1 = 45°
Þ ÐSRP = 45°

llustration 8. As shown in below figure, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD. If ÐD = 45° and
ÐC = 75°, find ÐA and ÐB.
A B

45° 75°
D C

Solution We have, AB || CD and AD is a transversal.

so, ÐA + ÐD = 180° [Interior angles on the same side of the transversal]
Þ ÐA + 45° = 180° [Q ÐD = 45°]
Þ ÐA = 180° – 45° = 135°
Similarly, AB || CD and BC is a transversal.
so, ÐB + ÐC = 180°
Þ ÐB + 75° = 180° [Q ÐC = 75°]
Þ ÐB = 105°
Hence ÐA = 135° and ÐB = 105°
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

54
 Quadrilaterals

1. If in quadrilateral ABCD, ÐA = 90° and AB = BC = CD = DA, then ABCD is a

(A) Parallelogram (B) Rectangle (C) Square (D) None of these

2. If in quadrilateral ABCD, AB || CD, then ABCD is a

(A) Parallelogram (B) Rectangle (C) Rhombus (D) None of these

3. In which of the following is the lengths of diagonals equal ?

(A) Rhombus (B) Parallelogram (C) Trapezium (D) Rectangle

4. If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other at right angles, then it is a

(A) Trapezium (B) Parallelogram (C) Rectangle (D) Rhombus

5. The length of the diagonals of a rhombus are 16 cm and 12 cm. The side of the rhombus is
(A) 10 cm (B) 12 cm (C) 9 cm (D) 8 cm

6. In figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AB = AD and BC = CD . Prove that AC bisects

ÐA and ÐC
C

A B C

7. ABCD is a kite in which, ÐBDC = 35°, ÐBAC = 25°, find 35°

D B
(i) ÐBAD
(ii) ÐBCD 25°
(iii) ÐABC
A
8. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD and AD = BC. Prove that
A B
(i) ÐA = ÐB 1 2 E
(ii) ÐC = ÐD
(iii) DABC @ DBAD
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

(iv) diagonal AC = diagonal BD. D C

9. AB and CD are two parallel lines and a transversal l intersects AB at X and CD at Y. Prove that the
bisector of the interior angles form a rectangle.

10. ABCD is a parallelogram and line segments AX, CY bisect the angles A and C respectively. Show
that AX || CY.

55
Class IX : Mathematics

QUADRILATERALS
(QUAD-3)

6.0 MID- POINT THEOREM

1. Theorem : The line segment joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third
side and equal to half of it.
Given : A DABC in which D and E are the mid-points of sides AB and AC respectively. DE is joined.

1
To prove : DE || BC and DE; DE = BC
2
Construction : Produce the line segment DE to F, such that DE = EF. Join FC.
A

E F
D

B
C
Proof :
In Ds AED and CEF, we have
AE = CE [Q E is the mid-point of AC]
ÐAED = ÐCEF [Vertically opposite angles]
and DE = EF [By construction]
Þ DAED @ DCEF (SAS)
Þ AD = CF (c.p.c.t) .....(i)
and ÐADE = ÐCFE .....(ii)
Now, D is the mid-point of AB
Þ AD = DB
Þ DB = CF [From (i) AD = CF] .....(iii)
Now, DF intersects AD and FC at D and F respectively such that
Ð ADE = ÐCFE
i.e., alternate interior angles are equal.
\ AD || FC
Þ DB || CF ......(iv)
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

From (iii) and (iv), we find that DBCF is a quadrilateral such that one pair of sides are equal and
parallel.
\ DBCF is a parallelogram.
Þ DF || BC and DF = BC
But, D, E, F are collinear and DE = EF.
1
\ DE || BC and DE = BC
2
Hence Proved.

56
 Quadrilaterals

2. Converse of Theorem : The line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle, parallel
to another side, intersects the third side at its mid-point. A
Given : ABC is a triangle in which D is mid-point of AB and DE || BC.
To prove : E is the mid-point of AC.

F
D E

B C

Construction : Let E is not the mid-point of AC. If possible, let F is the mid-point of AC. Join DF.
Proof :
Statement Reason
Q D is the mid-point of AB [Given]
and F is the mid-point of AC. [By construction]
\ DF || BC [By mid-point theorem]
But, it is given that DE || BC This is not possible that two lines parallel to the
same line intersect each other.
[Q DE and DF intersect each other at D]
Þ E and F coincide. So, our supposition is wrong.
Hence, E is the mid-point of AC.
Hence Proved.

llustration 1. In the following figure, D, E and F are respectively the mid-points of sides BC, CA and
AB of an equilateral triangle ABC. Prove that DDEF is also an equilateral triangle.
A

F E
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

B C
D
Solution. Given : D, E and F are respectively the mid-points of sides BC, CA and AB of an
equilateral triangle ABC.

To prove : DDEF is also an equilateral triangle.

Proof : since the segment joining the mid points of two sides of a triangle is
half of the third side. Therefore D and E are the mid point of BC and AC
respectively.

57
Class IX : Mathematics

1
\ DE = AB .... (i)
2
E and F are the mid point of AC and AB respectively
1
\ EF = BC ... (ii)
2
F and D are the mid point of AB and BC respectively
1
Þ FD = AC ... (iii)
2
Q DABC is an equilateral triangle

Þ AB = BC = CA
1 1 1
Þ AB = BC = CA
2 2 2
Þ DE = EF = FD using (i), (ii) & (iii)
Hence, DDEF is an equilateral triangle.
Hence Proved

llustration 2. In figure, E and F are mid-points of the sides AB and AC respectively of the DABC,
G and H are mid-points of the sides AE and AF respectively of the DAEF. If GH =
1.8 cm, find BC.

G H
1.8cm
E F

B C

1
Solution. EF = BC ... (1)
2
(Q E and F are mid-points of sides AB and AC of DABC)
1
GH = EF ... (2)
2
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

(Q G and H are mid-points of sides AE and AF of DAEF)

From (1) and (2), we have
1 1 1
GH = × BC = BC
2 2 4
Þ BC = 4 × GH = 4 × 1.8 cm = 7.2 cm
Hence, BC = 7.2 cm.

58
 Quadrilaterals

Illustration 3. In DABC, D, E and F are the mid-point of BC, BA and AC : A

(i) Prove that DAEF @ DEBD

(ii) Prove that CDEF is a parallelogram. E F
Solution. It is given that D, E and F are the mid-points of the sides
BC, BA and AC respectively, In DABC.
B D C
1 1
Þ EF = BC, DE = AC
2 2

1 1
Now, BD = DC = BC and AF = CF = AC.
2 2

Þ BD = DC = EF ... (1)
and AF = CF = DE ... (2)
If E is the mid-point of AB.
Therefore, AE = BE ... (3)
(i) In DAEF and DEBD,
EF = BD (By 1)
AF = ED (By 2)
and AE = BE (By 3)
Therefore, DAEF @ DEBD (By SSS congruence)
(ii) In quadrilateral CDEF,
DC = EF (By 1)
and DE = CF (By 2)
Therefore, CDEF is a parallelogram.

Illustration 4. Prove that the line segments joining the mid-points of the sides of a quadrilateral forms
a parallelogram.
Solution. Given : Point E, F, G and H are the mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA
respectively, of the quadrilateral ABCD.

D G C
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

H F

A E B

To Prove : EFGH is a parallelogram.

Construction : Join the diagonal AC of the quadrilateral ABCD.

59
Class IX : Mathematics

Proof : In DABC, E and F are the mid-points of BA and BC.

1
Þ EF || AC and EF = AC ... (1)
2

Similarly, In DADC, we have

1
GH || AC and GH = AC ... (2)
2

From (1) and (2), we get

EF || GH
and EF = GH
EFGH is a parallelogram.
Hence Proved.

1. The figure formed by joining the mid points of the adjacent sides of a rectangle is a
(A) Square (B) Rhombus (C) Tapezium (D) None of these

2. The figure formed by joining the mid points of the adjacent sides of a rhombus is a
(A) Square (B) Rectangle (C) Trapezium (D) None of these

3. The figure formed by joining the mid points of the adjacent sides of a square is a
(A) Rhombus (B) Square (C) Rectangle (D) Parallelogram

4. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB||DC. M and N are the mid-points of AD and BC respectively.
If AB = 12 cm, MN = 14 cm, then CD =
(A) 10 cm (B) 12 cm (C) 14 cm (D) 16 cm

5. In DABC, E is the mid-point of median AD such that BE produced meets AC at F. If AC = 10.5 cm,
then AF =
(A) 3 cm (B) 3.5 cm (C) 2.5 cm (D) 5 cm

6. Show that the quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-point of the consecutive sides of a square is
also a square.

1
7. In triangle ABC, points M and N on sides AB and AC respectively are taken so that AM = AB and
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

4
1 1
AN = AC. Prove that MN = BC.
4 4

Q A
8. Given DABC, lines are drawn through A, B and C parallel respectively to the R

1
sides BC, CA and AB forming DPQR. Show that BC = QR. B C
2

60
 Quadrilaterals

9. In figure, three parallel lines l, m and n are intersected by a transversal p at points A, B and C
respectively and transversal q at D, E and F respectively. If AB : BC = 1 : 2, prove that
DE : EF = 1 : 2.
p q
A D l
B E m

C F n

1
10. In figure AD and BE are two medians of DABC and BE||DF. Prove that CF = AC
4
A

E
F
C
B D

l Some times, term quadrangle, is used for quadrilateral by analogy with triangle.

l Quadrilaterals can be of convex and concave type.

l The sum of squares of the diagonals of any quadrilaterals is equal to twice the sum of squares of the
two line segments joining the mid points of the two pairs of opposite sides.

l The sum of squares of the diagonals of any quadrilaterals is equal to twice the sum of squares of the
two line segments joining the mid points of the two pairs of opposite sides.

l The sum of squares of the lengths of four sides of a ||gm equals to the sum of squares of the lengths
of the two diagonals.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

61
Class IX : Mathematics

A
1. In DABC, EF =
4 cm 6 cm
(A) 3 cm
E F
(B) 2.5 cm
4 cm 6 cm
(C) 4 cm
B C
(D) None of these 5 cm

2. If ABCD is a parallelogram with two adjacent angles A and B equal to each other, then the
parallelogram is a
(A) Rhombus (B) Trapezium (C) Rectangle (D) None of these

3. The bisectors of any two adjacent angles of a parallelogram intersect at

(A) 30° (B) 45° (C) 60° (D) 90°

4. The figure formed by joining the mid points of the adjacent sides of a quadrilateral is a
(A) Parallelogram (B) Rectangle (C) Square (D) Rhombus

5. If one angle of a parallelogram is 24° less than twice the smallest angle, then the largest angle of the
parallelogram is:
(A) 176° (B) 60° (C) 112° (D) 102°

6. In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram in which ÐDAB = 75° and ÐDBC = 60° then, ÐBDC
is equal to: D C
(A) 75°
(B) 60° 60°
75°
(C) 45°
A B
(D) 55°

7. In a parallelogram ABCD diagonals AC and BD intersect at O and AC = 12.8 cm and

BD = 7.6 cm, then the measure of OC and OD respectively equal to :-
(A) 1.9 cm and 6.4 cm (B) 3.8 cm and 3.2 cm (C) 3.8 cm and 3.2 cm (D) 6.4 cm and 3.8 cm
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

8. LMNO is a trapezium with LM || NO. If P and Q are the mid-points of LO and MN respectively
and LM = 5 cm and ON = 10 cm then PQ =
(A) 2.5 cm (B) 5 cm (C) 7.5 cm (D) 15 cm

9. In the figure ||gm ABCD, the angles x and y are D C

60°
(A) 60°, 30° (B) 30°, 60° 30°

(C) 45°, 45° (D) 90°, 90° y

x
A B

62
 Quadrilaterals

10. Quadrilateral whose four sides are equal but all angles are not equal is :-
(A) Square (B) Quadrilateral (C) Rectangle (D) Rhombus

11. In a quadrilateral ABCD, bisectors of angles A and B intersect at O such that ÐAOB = 75°, then
write the value of ÐC + ÐD.
(A) 150° (B) 100° (C) 50° (D) 200°

12. If PQRS is a square, then write the measure of ÐSRP.

(A) 90° (B) 22.5° (C) 45° (D) None of these

13. If ABCD is a rhombus with ÐABC=56°, find the measure of ÐACD.

(A) 56° (B) 62° (C) 90° (D) None of these

14. If the bisectors of two adjacent angles A and B of a quadrilateral ABCD intersect at a point O such
that ÐC + ÐD = k ÐAOB, then find the value of k.

1
(A) 1 (B) (C) 3 (D) 2
2
15. In a parallelogram ABCD, if ÐA=(3x – 20)°, ÐB = (y + 15)°, ÐC = (x + 40)°, then find the value of
x + y.
(A) 30 (B) 125 (C) 95 (D) None of these

16. If measures opposite angles of a parallelogram are (60 – x)° and (3x – 4)°, then find the measures
of angles of the parallelogram.
(A) 44°, 136°, 44°, 136° (B) 40°, 140°, 40°, 140°
(C) 50°, 130°, 50°, 130° (D) None of these

17. In a parallelogram ABCD, the bisector of ÐA also bisects BC at X. Find AB : AD.

(A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 1 : 3 (D) None of these

18. In figure ABCD and AEFG are both || gm. If ÐC = 60° then ÐF = :
D C
(A) 60°
(B) 120°
(C) 150° G F
(D) None of these
A E B
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

19. In a parallelogram ABCD, AB = 10cm. The altitudes corresponding to the sides AB and AD are 7
cm and 8 cm respectively. Length of the AD is : D C
(A) 5 cm
(B) 8.75 cm
8c
(C) 9.25 cm m
7 cm

(D) 11.75 cm A B
10 cm

63
Class IX : Mathematics

20. In figure, ABCD is a ||gm then ÐA = : A B

(A) 60° 5a 3a
(B) 75°
(C) 90°
(D) None of these 2a
D C

21. The perimeter of a rhombus is 20 cm. One of its diagonal is 8 cm. Then its area:
(A) 24 sq. cm (B) 48 sq. cm (C) 64 sq.cm (D) 92 sq. cm

9
22. If one of the interior angles of a regular polygon is found to be equal to times of one of the interior
8
angles of a regular hexagon, then the number of sides of the polygon is
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 8

23. Two opposite angles of a || gm are (3x – 2)° and (50 – x)° then the value of x will be :
(A) 17° (B) 16° (C) 15° (D) 13°

24. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD, ÐA = (x + 25)°, ÐB = y°, ÐC = 95° and ÐD = (2x + 5)°
then value of x & y are :
(A) 85, 50 (B) 50, 85 (C) 50, 75 (D) 75, 50

25. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC. P and Q are mid points of AD and BC respectively. If
AB = 8 cm, PQ = 12 cm then CD :
(A) 13 cm (B) 14 cm (C) 15 cm (D) 16 cm

19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

64
 Quadrilaterals

1. In the figure, PQRS is a rhombus in which the diagonal PR is produced to T. If ÐSRT = 152°,
find x. 152°
T
S
R
(A) 62°

(B) 152°

(C) 28°
x
(D) None of these P Q

2. ABCD is a rectangle in which diagonal AC is produced to E. If ÐECD = 146°, find ÐAOB.

(A) 68° (B) 146° (C) 112° (D) None of these

3. In the figure, ABCD and AEFG are two parallelograms. If ÐC = 58°, find ÐF.

(A) 122° D C

(B) 58° G F

(C) 29°
A E B
(D) None of these

4. ABCD is a parallelogram and E and F are the centroids of triangles ABD and BCD respectively,
then EF =
(A) AE (B) BE (C) CE (D) DE

5. ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the mid-point of BC. DE and AB when produced meet at F. Then,
AF =

3 5
(A) AB (B) 2 AB (C) 3 AB (D) AB
2 4

6. If the diagonals of a rhombus are 18 cm and 24 cm respectively, then its side is equal to
(A) 16 cm (B) 15 cm (C) 20 cm (D) 17 cm
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

7. In figure, ABCD is an isosceles trapezium in which ÐCDA = (2x + 10)° and ÐBAD = (3x – 10)°
then x = :
D C
(A) 18°
(B) 27°
(C) 36° A B

(D) 45°

65
Class IX : Mathematics

8. In the given figure, AO and DO are the bisectors of Ð A and Ð D of the quadrilateral ABCD. Then
Ð AOD is : C B

(A) 67.5° 105° 70°

O
(B) 77.5°
(C) 87.5°
(D) 99.75°
D A
4
9. In a parallelogram, if one angle is th of its adjacent angle, then find two adjacent angles in
5
degrees:
(A) 80°, 64° (B) 90°, 72° (C) 60°, 48° (D) 100°, 80°

10. EFGH is a square ÐE = (x + 60) and EF = (x + 1)cm, then perimeter of EFGH is :

(A) 124 cm (B) 120 cm (C) 116 cm (D) 112 cm

19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

66
 Quadrilaterals

Very short answer type questions

1. The perimeter of a parallelogram is 22 cm. If the longer side measures 6.5 cm what is the measure
of the shorter side ?

2. In a parallelogram ABCD, determine the sum of ÐC and ÐD.

3. In a parallelogram ABCD, if ÐB = 135°, determine the measures of its other angles.

4. ABCD is a square. AC and BD intersect at O. State the measure of ÐAOB.

5. ABCD is a rectangle with ÐABD = 40°. Determine ÐDBC.

Short answer type questions

6. P is the mid-point of side AB of a parallelogram ABCD. A line through B parallel to PD meets DC

at Q and AD produced at R.
Prove that (i) AR = 2BC (ii) BR = 2BQ.

7. In a DABC, D, E, and F are, respectively, the mid-points of BC, CA and AB. If the lengths of side
AB, BC and CA are 7 cm, 8 cm and 9 cm, respectively, find the perimeter of DDEF.

8. In a DABC median AD is produced to X such that AD = DX. Prove that ABXC is a parallelogram.

9. In figure, M, N and P are the mid-points of AB, AC and BC respectively. If MN = 3 cm, NP = 3.5
cm and MP = 2.5 cm, calculate BC, AB and AC
A

M N

B P C

10. DABC is a triangle right angles at B and P is the mid-point of AC and PQ || AC. Prove that:
1
(i) PQ ^ AB (ii) Q is the mid point of AB (iii) PB = PA = AC.
2
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

Long answer type questions

11. In the figure, ABCD is a square and PAB is a triangle such that AQ = BR. Prove that PQR is an
isosceles triangle. P

D Q R C

A B

67
Class IX : Mathematics

12. In figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. E and F are mid-points of the sides AB and CD respectively.
AF and DE intersects at P ; BF and CE intersects at Q. D F C

Prove that
(i) AECF is a parallelogram P Q
(ii) BEDF is a parallelogram.
(iii) PEQF is a parallelogram.
A E B

13. In figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. E and F are two point on the diagonal AC such that AE = CF.
Show that D C [NCERT]
(i) DAEB @ DCFD F

(ii) DAED @ DCFB

E
(iii) DBEF @ DDFE
A B
(iv) BEDF is a parallelogram.

High order thinking skills (HOTS)

14. In figure, ABCD is a trapezium in which side AB is parallel to side DC and E is the
mid-points of side AD. If F is a point on the side BC such that the segments EF is parallel to side
1
DC. Prove that F is the mid-point of BC and EF = (AB + DC) [NCERT]
2
A B

E F
G

D C

15. In figure, ABCD is a trapezium such that AB || CD and AD = BC. [NCERT]

Line l drawn through the vertex B and parallel to AD meets DC l
D C
(produced) at E. E
Show that
(i) ABED is a parallelogram.
(ii) ÐA + ÐC = ÐB + ÐD = 180°.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

A B

68
 Quadrilaterals

1. If AP and BP are the bisectors of the angle A and angle B of a parallelogram ABCD, then value of
the angle APB is [NTSE (Stage-I) 2016]
D C

A B
(A) 30° (B) 45° (C) 60° (D) 90°

2. The length of the side of a rhombus is 4 cm. If one of the diagonals is equal to the side of rhombus,
then the length of other diagonal in cm will be [NTSE (Stage-I) 2018]

3
(A) (B) 3 (C) 2 3 (D) 4 3
2
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

69
Class IX : Mathematics

ANSWERS
CHECK POST-1
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (C) 9. 160° 10. 40°, 70°, 100°, 150°

CHECK POST-2
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (D) 4. (D) 5. (A) 7. (i) 50°, (ii) 110°, (iii) 100°

CHECK POST-3
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (B)

EXERCISE-1 (ELEMENTARY)

Q ue. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. B C D A C C D C A D
Q ue. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. A C B D B A B A B C
Q ue. 21 22 23 24 25
Ans. A D D B D

EXERCISE-2 (SEASONED)
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. A C B A B B C C D A

EXERCISE-3 (CBSE PATTERN)

1. 4.5 cm 2. ÐC + ÐD = 180° 3. ÐA = ÐC = 45°, ÐB = ÐD = 135°
4. ÐAOB = 90° 5. ÐDBC = 50° 7. 12 cm 9. 6 cm, 7 cm, 5 cm

EXERCISE-4 (COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT)

Q ue. 1 2
Ans. D D

*****
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\3.Quadrilaterals

70
 Chapter

4
1.0 FIGURES ON THE SAME BASE AND BETWEEN THE SAME
PARALLELS

2.0 THEOREMS RELATED TO AREA OF PARALLELOGRAMS

3.0 TRIANGLES ON THE SAME BASE AND BETWEEN THE SAME

PARALLELS

EXERCISE-1 (ELEMENTARY)

EXERCISE-2 (SEASONED)

EXERCISE-3 (CBSE- PATTERN)

EXERCISE-4 COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT

Unit Two
 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

AREA OF PARALLELOGRAMS AND TRIANGLES (APT)

(APT-1)
1.0 FIGURES ON THE SAME BASE AND BETWEEN THE SAME PARALLELS
Two geometric figures are said to be on the same base and between the same parallels if they have
a common side (base) and the vertices (or the vertex) opposite the common base of each figure lie
on a line parallels to the base. These four figures given below are on the same base and between
same parallels.
A P D Q C P D C P D Q C P

B C A B A B A B
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv )

2.0 THEOREMS RELATED TO AREA OF PARALLELOGRAMS

Theorem-1
Parallelograms on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area. [As shown in below
figure.]
D E
F C

A B

Given : Two parallelograms ABCD and ABEF on the same base AB and between the same parallels AB
and FC.
To prove : ar( P gm ABCD) = ar ( P gm ABEF).
Proof :
Statement Reason
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

1. In DBCE and DADF, we have:

(i) BC = AD Opposite sides of a P gm are equal.
(ii) ÐBCE = ÐADF Corres. Ðs are equal, as AD P BC
and FC is the transversal.
(iii) ÐBEC = ÐAFD Corres. Ðs are equal, as BE P AF and
FC is the transversal.
2. DBCE @ DADF AAS-axiom of congruence.
3. ar(DBCE) = ar(DADF) Congruent figures are equal in area.
4. ar (quad. ABED) + ar (DBCE) Adding same area on both sides of 3.
= ar (quad. ABED) + ar (DADF)
5. ar ( P gm ABCD) = ar ( P gm ABEF) ar (R1) + ar (R2) = ar (R1 È R2).
Hence, proved.
71
Class IX : Mathematics

Corollary–1
In parallelogram ABCD, AB P CD and BC P AD. If AL ^ BC and L is the foot of the perpendicular,,
then ar (ABCD) = BC × AL. [As shown in below figure.]
E A F D
l

B L C
Proof : In fig, ABCD is a parallelogram. AL ^ BC. Now, we draw line l through A and D, BE ^ l
and CF ^ l. Then BEFC becomes a rectangle, Here, the parallelogram ABCD and the rectangle BEFC
(also BEFC is a parallelogram) have same base and both are between the same parallels, Thus, we have
Area of parallelogram ABCD = Area of rectangle BEFC = BC × BE = BC × AL
(Q AL = BE)

Corollary–2
If a triangle and a parallelogram are on the same base and between the same parallels, then the area of
the triangle is equal to half the area of the parallelogram. [As shown in below figure.]
E
A D

B L C M
Given : DABC and |gm BCDE on the same base BC and between the same parallels BC and
AD.

1
To Prove : ar (DABC) = ar (||gm BCDE).
2
Construction : Draw AL ^ BC and DM ^ BC (produced).
Proof :
Statement Reason
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

1. AL = DM Perpendiculars to the same line and

between the same parallels are equal.
1 1
2. ar(DABC) = × BC × AL Area of a D = × Base × Height
2 2
1
= × BC × DM AL = DM (from 1)
2
1
= ar (||gm BCDE) ar (||gm BCDE)
2
= Base × Height = BC × DM.
1
3. ar(DABC) = ar (||gm BCDE) Hence Proved
2

72
 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

Illustration 1. If E,F,G and H are respectively the mid-points of the sides of a parallelogram ABCD
and AB = 5 cm, CL = 6 cm then find ar (||gm EFGH).

Solution. Join HF. Since H and F are mid points of AD and BC respectively.

1 1
\ AH = AD and BF = BC
2 2
G
Now, ABCD is a parallelogram [As shown in below figure.] D C
Þ AD = BC and AD||BC

1 1 H F
Þ AD = BC and AD||BC
2 2
Þ AH = BF and AH||BF L
A E B
Þ ABFH is a parallelogram.
Since parallelogram FHAB and DFHE are on the same base FH and between the same
parallels HF and AB.
1
\ ar(DFHE) = ar(||gm FHAB) ...(1)
2
1
Similarly, we have ar(FHG) = ar (FHDC) ...(2)
2
Adding (1) and (2), we get
1 1
ar(DFHE) + ar(DFGH) = ar(||gm FHAB) + ar(||gm FHDC)
2 2
1
Þ ar(EFGH) = {ar(||gm FHAB) + ar (||gm FHDC)}
2
1
Þ ar(EFGH) = ar (||gm ABCD)
2
\ ar(||gm ABCD)= AB × CL = 5 × 6 = 30 cm2
1
\ ar(||gm EFGH)= (30) = 15 cm2
2
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

Illustration 2. In fig, ABCD is a parallelogram, AL ^ BC, AM ^ CD, AL = 4 cm and AM = 5 cm.

If BC= 6.5 cm, then find CD. [As shown in below figure.]

A D

5 cm
4cm M

B C
L 6.5c m
Solution. We have, BC × AL = CD × AM (Each equal to area of the parallelogram ABCD)
6.5 ´ 4
Þ 6.5 × 4 = CD × 5 Þ CD = cm Þ CD = 5.2 cm.
5

73
Class IX : Mathematics

Illustration 3. In the given fig, ABCD is a parallelogram whose diagonal D Q C

intersect at O. A line segment through O meets AB at P
and DC at Q. If ar (quad. APQD) = 60 cm2 . O
Find ar (||gm ABCD).
Solution. Proof :
A P B
Statement Reason
1
1. ar(DACD) = × ar (||gm ABCD) Diagonal AC divides | gm ABCD
2
into two Ds of equal area
2. In DOAP and DOCQ, we have :
(i) OA = OC Diagonal of a||gm bisect each other.
(ii) ÐOAP = ÐOCQ Alt. int. Ðs, DC|| AB and CA is
(iii) ÐAOP = ÐCOQ the transversal. Vert. opp Ðs.
3. DOAP @ DOCQ AAS-axiom of congruence.
4. ar (DOAP) = ar (DOCQ) Congruent Ds are equal in area
5. ar (DOAP) + ar (quad. AOQD) Adding ar (quad. AOQD) on both
= ar (DOCQ) + ar (quad. AOQD) sides of 4.
6. ar (quad. APQD) = ar (DACD)
7. ar (quad. APQD) From 1 to 6.

1
= × ar (||gm ABCD)
2

ar(||gm ABCD) = 2 ar (quad. APQD)

= 2 × 60 = 120 cm2 Hence proved.

Illustration 4. Prove that of all parallelograms of which the sides are given, the parallelogram which
is rectangle has the greatest area.
Solution. Let ABCD be a parallelogram in which AB = a and AD = b. Let h be the altitude
corresponding to the base AB. Then,

D C D C
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

b h

A a B A a B

ar ( P gm ABCD) = AB × h = ah
Since the sides a and b are given. Therefore, with the same sides a and b we can construct
infinitely many parallelograms with different heights.
Now,
ar ( P gm ABCD) = ah

74
 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

Þ ar ( P gm ABCD) is maximum or greatest when h is maximum.

[Q a is given i.e., a is constant]
But, the maximum value which h can attain is AD = b and this is possible when AD
is perpendicular to AB i.e. the P gm ABCD becomes a rectangle.
Thus, (ar P gm ABCD) is greatest when AD ^ AB i.e. when ( P gm ABCD) is a rectangle.

Illustration 5. In fig, ABCD is a parallelogram and EFCD is a rectangle. Also AL ^ DC. Prove that
(i) ar (ABCD) = (EFCD)
(ii) ar (ABCD) = DC × AL
Solution. (i) We know that a rectangle is also a parallelogram.

E A F B

D L C
Thus, parallelogram ABCD and rectangle EFCD are on the same base CD and between
the same parallels CD and BE.
\ ar ( P gm ABCD) = ar (EFCD)
(ii) From (i), we have ar (ABCD) = ar (EFCD)
Þ ar (ABCD) = CD × FC
[Q Area of a rectangle = Base × Height]
Þ ar (ABCD) = CD × AL
[Q AL = FC as ALCF is a rectangle]
Þ ar (ABCD) = DC × AL
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

1. Show that the line segment joining the mid-points of a pair of opposite sides of a parallelogram,
divides it into two equal parallelograms.
Q
D C

A P B

75
Class IX : Mathematics

2. Answer the following questions as per the exact requirement:

(i) ABCD is a parallelogram in which AB P CD and AB = CD = 10 cm. If the perpendicular
distance between AB and CD be 8 cm, find the area of the parallelogram ABCD.
(ii) ABCD is a parallelogram having area 240 cm2, BC = AD = 20 cm and BC P AD. Find the
distance between the parallel sides BC and AD.

3. In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. P and Q are any two points on the sides AB and
BC respectively. Prove that : ar (DCPD) = ar (DAQD)

D C

A B
P

4. In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and P is a point on BC. Prove that :
ar (DABP) + ar (DDPC) = ar (DAPD).

D C

A B

5. In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. P is a point on BC such that BP : PC = 1 : 2.

DP produced meets AB produced at Q. Given ar (DCPQ) = 20 cm2. Calculate :
(i) ar (DCDP) (ii) ar ( P gm ABCD).
A B Q

D C

6. In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. P is a point on DC such that ar(DAPD)= 25 cm2
and ar (DBPC) = 15 cm2.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

D P C

A B

Calculate : (i) ar ( P gm ABCD) (ii) DP : PC.

76
 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

AREA OF PARALLELOGRAMS AND TRIANGLES

(APT-2)
3.0 TRIANGLES ON THE SAME BASE AND BETWEEN THE SAME PARALLELS
Theorem-2
Triangles on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area.
Given :Two Ds ABC and DBC on the same base BC and between the same parallels BC and AD.
To prove : ar(DABC) = ar (DDBC). [As shown in below figure.]

A D
E F

B C

Construction : Draw BE P CA, meeting DA produced at E and draw CF P BD, meeting AD produced
at F.
Proof :
Statement Reason
1. BCAE is a P gm. BC P EA and BE P CA (By construction)
1
2. ar (DABC) = ar ( P gm BCAE) Diagonal BA divides P gm BCAE into
2
two Ds of equal areas.
3. BCFD is a P gm BC P DF and BD P CF (By construction)
1
4. ar (DDBC) = ar ( P gm BCFD) Diagonal CD divides P gm BCFD into
2
two Ds of equal areas.
5. ar ( P gm BCAE) = ar ( P gm BCFD) P gms on same base BC and between
the same parallels BC and EF are equal in area.
6. ar (DABC) = ar (DDBC) From 2, 4 and 5.
Hence, proved.
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

Corollary–1
1
Area of a triangle = × Base × Height.
2
Given : A DABC with base BC and height AL.
1
To prove : ar(DABC) = × BC × AL
2
Construction : Draw CD P BA and AD P BC, intersecting each other at D.

77
Class IX : Mathematics

Proof : [As shown in below figure.]

A D

B C
L

Statement Reason
1. ABCD is a P gm BC P AD and BA P CD (By construction)

1
2. ar (DABC) = ar ( P gm ABCD) Diagonal CA divides P gm ABCD into
2
two Ds of equal areas.

1
= × BC × AL ar ( P gm ABCD) = BC × AL
2

1
Hence, Area of a triangle = ×Base ×Height
2

Illustration 1. In the given figure, the side AB of ||gm ABCD is produced to a point P. A line through
A drawn parallel to CP meets CB produced in Q and the parallelogram PBQR is
completed. ar(DABC) = 15 cm2. Find ar (||gm PBQR) [As shown in below figure.]

D C

A P
B

Q R
Solution. Join AC and PQ
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

Triangles ACQ and APQ are on the same base AQ and between the same parallels CP
and AQ.
\ ar(DACQ) = ar(DAPQ)
Þ ar(DACQ) – ar(DABQ) = ar(DAPQ) – ar (DABQ)
Þ 2ar(DABC) = 2ar (DPBQ)
Þ ar(||gm ABCD) = ar(||gm PBQR)
[1/2 ar(||gm ABCD) = ar (DABC) and 1/2 ar(||gm PBQR) = ar(DPBQ)]
\ ar(||gm PBQR) = 2 (15) = 30 cm2

78
 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

Illustration 2. In fig, diagonals AC and BD of quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O such that OB = OD.
If AD = BC and area of triangle ar(DAOD) = 20 cm2.
Find (i) ar (DBOC) (ii) ar (DABC) (iii) ar (quad. ABCD)

A
D F

O
E B
C

Solution. (i) Draw DE ^ AC and BF ^ AC. In triangles DOE and BOF, we have
ÐDOE = ÐBOF [Vertically opposite angles]
OD = OB [Diagonals of a IIgm bisect each other]
ÐDEO = ÐBFO = 90° [By construction]
So, by AAS congruence criterion, we have
DDOE @ D BOF
Þ DE = BF and ar (DDOE) = ar (DBOF) ...(1)
Consider now triangles AED and CFB. In these two triangles, we have
AD = BC [Given]
DE = BF
and ÐAED = ÐBFC = 90°
So, by RHS congruence criterion, we have
DAED @ DCFB
Þ ar (DAED) @ ar (DCFB) and ÐDAE = ÐBCF ...(2)
From (1) and (2), we have
ar (DAED) – ar (DDOE) = ar (DCFB) – ar(DBOF)
Þ ar (DAOD) = ar (DCOB) = 20 cm2
(ii) We have,
ar (DAOD) = ar (DBOC)
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

Þ ar (DAOD) = ar (DAOB)
Þ ar (DAOD) = ar (DBOC) = ar (DAOB)
Þ ar (DABC) = 40 cm2
(iii) We have,
ÐDAE = ÐBCF [From (ii)]
Þ ÐDAC = ÐBCA
Þ AD||BC
Hence, ABCD is a parallelogram.
\ DA||CB
\ ar(||gm ABCD) = 2 (ar DABD) = 2 × 40 = 80 cm2

79
Class IX : Mathematics

Illustration 3. In the adjoining figure, O is any point inside a D H C

parallelogram ABCD. Prove that :
ar (DOAB) + ar (DOCD) = ar (DOBC) + ar (DOAD).
E F
O

Solution. Given : A | gm ABCD in which O is a point. A G B

To prove : ar (DOAB) + ar (DOCD) = ar (DOBC) + ar (DOAD).

Construction : Draw EOF P AB and GOH P AD.

Proof :
Statement Reason
1. ABFE is a P gm AE||BF (given), EF P AB (By construction)
1
2. ar (DOAB) = ar (||gm ABFE) DAOB and P gm ABFE being on same base
2
and between the same parallels.
3. EFCD is a P gm EF||AB P DC (by const.) & FC||ED (given),
1
4. ar (DOCD) = ar (||gm EFCD) DOCD and P gm EFCD being on same base
2
and between the same parallels.
1
5. ar (DOAD) = ar (||gm AGHD) Similarly.
2
1
6. ar (DBOC) = ar (||gm GBCH) Similarly.
2
Adding St.2 and St.4.
7. ar (DOAB) + ar (DOCD)
1 1
= ar ( P gm ABFE) + ar ( P gm EFCD)
2 2
1
= × [ar ( P gm ABFE) + ar ( P gm EFCD)]
2
1
= × ar ( P gm ABCD)
2
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

Adding St. 5 and St.6.

8. ar (DOAD) + ar (DBOC)
1 1
= ar ( P gm AGHD) + ar ( P gm GBCH)
2 2
1
= × [ar ( P gm AGHD) + ar ( P gm GBCH)]
2
1
= × ar ( P gm ABCD)
2
9.ar (DOAB) + ar (DOCD) Each = ar ( P gm ABCD),
= ar (DOAD) + ar (DBOC) from 7 and 8
Hence, proved.

80
 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

Illustration 4. Show that a median of a triangle divides it into two triangles of equal area.
Solution. Given : DABC in which AD is a median.
To prove : ar(DABD) = ar (DADC).
A

B L D C
Construction : Draw AL ^ BC.
Proof : Since AD is the median DABC.
Therefore, D is the mid-point of BC.
Þ BD = DC
Þ BD × AL = DC × AL [Multiplying both sides by AL]
1 1 1
Þ (BD × AL) = (DC × AL) [Multiplying both sides by ]
2 2 2
Þ ar (DABD) = ar (DADC)
Hence, proved.

Illustration 5. In the given figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral in which M is the mid-point of diagonal AC.
Prove that: ar(quad. ABMD) = ar(quad. DMBC).
D C

A B

Solution. Given : ABCD is a quadrilateral in which M is the mid-point of diagonal AC.

To prove : ar(quad. ABMD) = ar (quad. DMBC)
Proof :
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

Statement Reason
1. ar(DABM) = ar(DCBM) Median BM divides DABC into two triangles of
equal area.
2. ar(DAMD) = ar(DDCM) Median DM divides DDAC into two triangles of
equal area.
3. ar(DABM) + ar(DAMD)
= ar(DCBM) + ar(DDCM) Adding 1 and 2.
4. ar (quad. ABMD) = ar (quad. DMBC)
Hence, proved.

81
Class IX : Mathematics

Illustration 6. In the given figure, PQRS and PXYZ are two parallelograms of equal area. Prove that
YR P QZ.
P Z S

Q R
O

X Y

Solution. We have : ar ( P gm PQRS) = ar ( P gm PXYZ)

Þ ar ( P gm PQRS) – ar ( P gm PQOZ)

= ar ( P gm PXYZ) – ar ( P gm PQOZ)

Þ ar ( P gm ZORS) = ar ( P gm QXYO)

1 1
Þ ar ( P gm ZORS) = ar ( P gm QXYO)
O)
2 2

Þ ar (DZOR) = ar (DOQY)
Þ ar (DZOR) + ar (DOYR)
= ar (DOQY) + ar (DOYR)
Þ ar (DZYR) = ar (DQYR)

Þ YR P QZ. [DZYR & DQYR are equal in area & have the same base. So, they must
be between the same parallels]

Illustration 7. Prove that the area of the quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of the adjacent
sides of a quadrilateral is half the area of the given quadrilateral.
Solution. Given : A quadrilateral ABCD, and PQRS is the quadrilateral formed by joining mid-
points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively.

D
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

R
C

S Q

A P B

1
To prove : ar (quad. PQRS) = × ar (quad. ABCD)
2
Construction : Join AC and AR.

82
 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

Proof :
Statement Reason
1
1. ar (DARD) = ar (DACD) Median of a triangle divides it into two triangles
2
of equal area.
1
2. ar (DSRD) = × ar (DARD) Same as in 1.
2

1
3. ar (DSRD) = × ar (DACD) From 1 and 2.
4

1
4. ar (DPBQ) = × ar (DABC) As in 3.
4
5. ar (DSRD) + ar (DPBQ)
1
= [ar (DACD) + ar(DABC)] Adding 3 and 4.
4

1
= × ar (quad. ABCD)
4
6. ar (DAPS) + ar (DQCR)
1
= × ar (quad. ABCD) As in 5.
4
7. ar (DAPS) + ar (DPBQ) + ar (DQCR) + ar (DSRD)
1
= × ar (quad. ABCD) Adding 5 and 6.
2
8. ar (DAPS) + ar (DPBQ) + ar (DQCR) + ar (DSRD)+ ar (quad. PQRS)
= ar (quad. ABCD)

9. ar (quad. PQRS)
1
= × ar (quad. ABCD) Subtracting 7 from 8.
2

Illustration 8. If the diagonals of a quadrilateral separate it into four triangles of equal area, show that
it is a parallelogram.
Solution. Given : A quad. ABCD whose diagonals intersect at O such that :
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

ar (DAOD) = ar (DAOB) = ar (DBOC) = ar (DCOD)

D C
To prove : ABCD is a parallelogram.
Proof : ar (DAOD) = ar (DBOC)
O
Þ ar (DAOD) + ar (DAOB)
= ar (DBOC) + ar (DAOB) A B
Þ ar (DABD) = ar (DABC)
Þ DC P AB [Equal Ds on same base must be between the same parallels]
Similarly, AD P BC.
Hence ABCD is P gm.

83
Class IX : Mathematics

1. ABCD is a parallelogram having area 200 cm2. P is mid point of AB and Q is mid point of CD.
Find the area of the quadrilateral APQD.

2. ABCD is a parallelogram having area 450 cm2. If AB P CD, points P and Q divide AB and DC
respectively in the ratio 1 : 2, find the area of the parallelogram APQD and parallelogram PBCQ.
A

3. In a DABC, E is the mid-point of median AD. ar(DABC) = 100 cm2. E

Find ar (DBED)

B D C

4. In fig, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB||DC and DC = 40 cm and AB = 60 cm. If X and Y

are, respectively, the mid points of AD and BC, prove that : D C
(i) XY = 50 cm
(ii) DCYX is a trapezium X Y
9
(iii) ar (trap. DCYX) = ar (trap. XYBA) A B
11

5. In a DABC, P and Q are respectively the mid-points of AB and BC and R is the mid point of AP.
Prove that
1 3
(i) ar(DPBQ) = ar (DARC) (ii) ar(DPRQ) = ar(DARC) (iii) ar(DRQC) = ar(DABC)
2 8
C
D
6. In the adjoining figure, CE is drawn parallel to
DB to meet AB produced at E.
Prove that : ar (quad. ABCD) = ar (DDAE).
A B E

l The mid point of the sides of a quadrilateral are the vertices of a ||gm. The area of this inner ||gm
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

equals to half the area of the outer quadrilateral. The perimeter of the inner ||gm equals the sum
of diagonals of the outer quadrilateral.

l Among all quadrilaterals with a given perimeter, the one with the largest area is the square. This
is called the isoperimetric theorem for quadrilaterals.

l The quadrilateral with given side lengths that has the maximum area is the cyclic quadrilateral.

l If a and b are two parallel sides of a trapezoid and c and d are remaining side of trapezium then
area of trapezium is
a +b a+b+c+d
= (s - b)(s - a)(s - b - c)(s - b - d) where S =
b- a 2

84
 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

1. In fig, ABCD is a parallelogram, AL ^ CD and AM ^ BC. If AB = 12 cm, AD = 8 cm and AL = 6

cm, then AM = D L C
(A) 15 cm
M
(B) 9 cm 6cm

8 cm
(C) 10 cm
(D) None of these A 12cm B

2. In fig, ABCD is a parallelogram and P is mid-point of AB. If ar (APCD) = 36 cm 2, then ar (DABC) =

(A) 36 cm2 D C

(B) 48 cm2
(C) 24 cm2
(D) None of these A P B

3. In fig, if ar(DABC) = 28 cm2, D, E, F are mid points of DABCthen ar (AEDF) =

(A) 21 cm2 A

(B) 18 cm2
F E
(C) 16 cm2
(D) None of these
B D C

4. In fig, ABCD is a quadrilateral. BE || AC. BE meets DC (produced) at E. AE and BC intersect

at O. Which one is the correct answer from the following?
(A) ABEC is a parallelogram A
B
(B) ar (DAOC) = ar (DBOE)
O
(C) ar (DOAB) = ar (DOCE)
(D) ar (DABE) = ar (DACE) E
D C

5. In fig, D and E are the mid-points of the sides AC and BC respectively of DABC.
If ar (DBED) = 12 cm2. then ar (ABED) = A
(A) 36 cm 2

(B) 48 cm2 D
(C) 24 cm2
(D) None of these B E C
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

6. If a rectangle and a parallelogram are equal in area and have the same base and are situated on the
Perimeter of rectangle
same side, then the is
Perimeter of P gm
(A) Equal to 1 (B) Greater than 1 (C) Less than 1 (D) Indeterminate
7. If ABCD is a rectangle, E, F are the mid points of BC and AD respectively and G is any point on
EF, then DGAB equals.
1 1 1 1
(A) (ABCD) (B) (ABCD) (C) (ABCD) (D) (ABCD)
2 3 4 6

8. ABCD is a quadrilateral P,Q,R and S are the mid-points of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively, then
PQRS is a
(A) Square (B) Parallelogram (C) Trapezium (D) Kite
85
Class IX : Mathematics

9. If the area of DABC is 800 cm2, AD is a median, E is the mid-point of AD, F is the mid-point of AB,
then the area of DAEF (in cm2) is:
(A) 400 (B) 300 (C) 200 (D) 100

10. In which of the following figure, you find two polygons on the same base and between the same
parallels?

S R P A B S
S R A D

T
(A) T (B) G (C) (D)
P Q Q R
P Q B C

11. In the diagram, ABCD is a rectangle and point E lies on AB. Triangle DEC has ÐDEC = 90º, DE =
3 and EC = 4. The length of AD is
(A) 3.2 A E B

(B) 2.8
(C) 1.8
(D) 2.4 D C

12. In figure, if parallelogram ABCD and rectangle ABEF are of equal area, the
(A) Perimeter of ABCD = Perimeter of ABEF D E C
F
(B) Perimeter of ABCD < Perimeter of ABEF
(C) Perimeter of ABCD > Perimeter of ABEF
1
(D) Perimeter of ABCD = Perimeter or ABEF A B
2

13. The figure obtained by joining the mid-point of the adjacent sides of a rectangle sides 10 cm and 6
cm is:
(A) A rectangle of area 30 cm2 (B) A square of area 25 cm2
(C) A trapezium of area 30 cm2 (D) A rhombus of area 30 cm2

14. In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and AB = 4 cm & EF = 4 cm then ar(DAEB) is
D E C
(A) 16 cm2
(B) 8 cm2
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

(C) 4 cm2
(D) 6 cm2 A F B

15. The figure formed by joining the consecutive mid-points of any rhombus is always:
(A) A square (B) A rhombus (C) A parallelogram (D) Rectangle

16. P and Q are any two point lying an the sides DC and AD respectively of a parallelogram ABCD.
(A) ar (DAPB) = ar(DBQC)
(B) ar(DAPB) + ar(DBQC) = ar parallelogram ABCD
(C) ar(DAPD) + ar(DBPC) + ar(DBQA) + ar(DCQD) = ar parallelogram ABCD
(D) All of the above

86
 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

17. ABCD is a trapezium with parallel sides AB = a cm and DC = b cm. E and F are he mid
point of non parallel sides. The ratio of ar(ABEF) and ar(EFCD)
(A) a : b (B) (3a + b) : (a + 3b)
(C) (a + 3b) : (3a + b) (D) (2a + b) : (3a + b)

18. ABCD is a trapezuim in which AB || DC, DC = 30 cm and AB = 50 cm. If x and y are,

ar ( DCYX )
respectively the mid points of AD and BC, then is
ar ( XYBA )
7 9 5 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 7 3 5

19. ABCD is a parallelogram, O is any interior point. If ar(DAOB) + ar(DDOC) = 43 sq unit, then
area (parallelogram ABCD) is
(A) 172 sq. unit (B) 176 sq. unit (C) 43 sq. unit (D) 86 sq. unit

20. In DABC, P and Q are respectively the mid points of AB and BC and R is the mid point of AP,
then
3 1
(A) ar(DRQC) = ar(DABC) (B) ar(DRQC) = ar(DABC)
8 8
1 5
(C) ar(DRQC) = ar(DABC) (D) ar(DRQC) = ar(DABC)
4 8

21. If sum of two parallel sides of a trapezium is 15 are and its area is 30 cm2, then the height of
the trapezium is
(A) 2 cm (B) 4 cm (C) 6 cm (D) 8 cm

22. Point D divides the side BC of DABC is p : q, then the ratio of ar(DABD) and ar(DADC) is:
(A) p : (p + q) (B) p : q (C) q : (p + q) (D) None of these

23. The length of the altitudes from the vertex of the parallelogram to the other two sides are 10 and
12 of the parallelogram has a perimeter of 176, find the area.
(A) 480 sq. unit
(B) 420 sq. unit 10
12
(C) 240 sq. unit
(D) 360 sq. unit
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

24. What is the area of rhombus of side 13 cm such that the sum of its two diagonals is 34?
(A) 120 (B) 140 (C) 240 (D) 220

25. Given figure shows five congruent rectangle. A trapezoid is drawn in such a way that its vertices
coincide with vertices of some of the rectangle. What percentage of the figure is shaded.
(A) 35%
(B) 20%
(C) 30%
(D) 40%

87
Class IX : Mathematics

1. Point D and E lie on the lines AB and AC respectively of a triangle ABC, such that AD : BD = 1 : 2
and AE : EC = 1 : 2, D ADE and trapezium DECB have their areas in the ratio of:
(A) 1 : 4 (B) 1 : 8 (C) 1 : 9 (D) 1 : 2

2. X and Y are respectively two points on the sides DC and AD of the parallelogram ABCD. The area
of DABX is equal to

1
(A) × area of D BYC
C (B) area of D BYC
3

1
(C) × area of D BYC
C (D) 2 × area of D BYC
2

3. BD is a median of a triangle ABC. F is a point on AB such that CF intersects BD at E and BE = ED.

If BF = 5 cm, BA is equal to
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 15 (D) 17

4. D and E are the mid points of the sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC respectively. Then the area of
the triangles ADE and ABC are in the ratio:
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 3 (C) 1 : 4 (D) 2 : 3

5. AD is the median of a triangle ABC. If area of triangle ADC = 15 cm2, then ar (D ABC) is
(A) 15 cm2 A

(B) 22.5 cm2

(C) 30 cm2
(D) 37.5 cm2 B L D C

6. In the parallelogram ABCD, the side AB is produced to point X, so that BX = AB. The line DX cuts
BC at E. Area of D AED =
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

1
(A) 2 × area (D CEX) (B) × area (D CEX)
2

1
(C) area (D CEX) (D) × area (D CEX)
3

7. If D, E, F are the points on the sides BC, CA and AB respectively of DABC such that BD =
ar ( DDEF )
2CD, CE = 2EA, AF = 2BF, then is
ar ( DABC )
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 6

88
 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

8. The medians BE and CF of a triangle ABC intersect at G. Then area of quad AFGE is equal
to
(A) ar(DBFE) (B) ar(DCEF) (C) ar(DGBC) (D) ar(DBCF)

9. In the given figure, quad ABCD is a parallelogram and M is the mid point of DC. If the area
of DBNC is 42, what is the area of DMNC A B
(A) 20
(B) 22 42
(C) 23 N

(D) 21 D C
M

10. The numbers 3, 4 and 6 denote the area of DBFE, DDFC and DBFC respectively. What is the
area of quad ADFE A
(A) 10
(B) 8
(C) 9.5
E D
(D) 18
3 F 4

6
B C
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

89
Class IX : Mathematics

Short answer type questions

1. In the given figure, the area of ||gm ABCD is 90 cm2. State giving reasons :
(i) ar (||gm ABEF) (ii) ar (DABD) (iii) ar (DBEF).
F D E C

A B
2. In the given figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral. A line through D, parallel to AC, meets BC produced
in P. Prove that : ar (DABP) = ar (quad. ABCD).

D
C

A B

3. In fig, ABCD, ABFE and CDEF are parallelograms. Prove that ar(DADE) = ar(DBCF).
A B

D C

E F

Long answer type questions D

4. ABCD is a quadrilateral. If AL ^ BD and CM ^ BD, prove that: L C

19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

1 M
ar (quad. ABCD) = × BD × (AL + CM).
2 A B

5. In the given figure, D is the mid-point of BC and E is the, mid-point of AD. Prove that :
1
ar (DABE) = ar (DABC).
4 A

B D C

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 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

6. If the medians of a DABC intersect at G, show that :

ar (DAGB) = ar (DAGC) = ar (DBGC) = 1/3 ar (DABC).
A

F G E

B D C

7. D is a point on base BC of a DABC such that 2BD = DC. Prove that : ar (DABD) = 1/3 ar (DABC).

B D C

8. In the given figure, AD is a median of DABC and P is a point on AC such that :

ar (DADP) : ar (DABD) = 2 : 3. Find : (i) AP : PC (ii) ar (DPDC) : ar (DABC).

B D C

High order thinking skills (HOTS)

9. In the adjoining figure, ABCDE is a pentagon. BP drawn parallel to AC meets DC produced at P

and EQ drawn parallel to AD meets CD produced at Q. Prove that :
ar (Pentagon ABCDE) = ar (DAPQ).
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

10. In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and O is any point on its diagonal AC.
Show that : ar (DAOB) = ar (DAOD).

D C
O
P
P
A B

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Class IX : Mathematics

11. In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. AB is produced to a point P and DP intersects
BC at Q. Prove that: ar (DAPD) = ar (quad. BPCD).
D C

A P
B
12. In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. Any line through A cuts DC at a point P and BC
produced at Q. Prove that: ar (DBPC) = ar (DDPQ).
B
A

C
D P
Q

13. In the given figure, AB P DC P EF, AD P BE and DE P AF. Prove that :

ar ( P gm DEFH) = ar ( P gm ABCD).
A B
H
D C

E F

14. In the given figure, squares ABDE and AFGC are drawn on the side AB and hypotenuse AC of
right triangle ABC and BH ^ FG. Prove that: (i) DEAC @ DBAF. (ii) ar (sq. ABDE) = ar (rect. ARHF).
D
B
E
A C
R

G
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

F
H
15. If fig, ABC is a right triangle right angled at A, BCED, ACFG and ABMN are squares on the sides
BC, CA and AB respectively. Line segment AX ^ DE meets BC at Y. Show that
(i) DMBC @ DABD N G
(ii) ar (BYXD) = 2 ar (DMBC) A
M F
(iii) ar (BYXD) = ar (ABMN)
B C
(iv) DFCB @ DACE
(v) ar (CYXE) = 2 ar (DFCB)
(vi) ar (CYXE) = ar (ACFG) D E
X
(vii) ar (BCED) = ar (ABMN) + ar.(ACFG)

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 Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

1. In the following figure of triangle ABC, E is the midpoint of median AD. The ratio of areas of the
triangles ABC and BED is : [NTSE Stage-I-2016]

B C
D

(A) 1 : 4 (B) 3 : 4 (C) 4 : 1 (D) 4 : 3

19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

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Class IX : Mathematics

ANSWERS
CHECK POST-1
2. (i) 80 cm2, (ii) 12 cm 5. (i) 40 cm2, (ii) 120 cm2

6. (i) 80 cm2, (ii) 5 : 3

CHECK POST-2
1. 100 cm2 2. 150 cm2 & 300 cm2 3. 25 cm2

EXERCISE-1 (ELEMENTARY)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. B C D C A C C B D D
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. D C D B D D B A D A
Que. 21 22 23 24 25
Ans. B B A A C

EXERCISE-2 (SEASONED)
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. B B C C C A B C D C

EXERCISE -3 (CBSE PATTERN)

1. (i) 90 cm2, (ii) 45 cm2, (iii) 45 cm2
8. (i) 2 : 1 , (ii) 1 : 6

EXERCISE-4 (COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT)

Que. 1
Ans. C
19\d\PN & CF-2019-20\Mathematics\IX\Unit-2\4. Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

*****

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