Leacture NO 19

NON--ALIIGNMENT MOVEMENT

1. What role did NAM play in the formation of international

economic institutions?

A. It was against the formation of economic institutions

B. It supported the status quo of global economics
C. It supported OPEC's price rise, UNCTAD, the Group of 77, and the
New International Economic Order
D. It only worked with Western economic blocs

2. What is a major criticism of NAM as mentioned in the

passage?

A. It helped resolve all global conflicts

B. It actively participated in military alliances
C. It failed to promote peace and resolve major disputes
D. It was led only by European countries

3. Why is NAM considered discredited according to the

passage?

A. It has supported colonialism

B. Member states are inactive and don’t use the NAM platform
effectively
C. It refused to work with the UN
D. It only focused on environmental issues

4. Which conflict is not mentioned as one NAM failed to

resolve?

A. Kashmir dispute
B. Cyprus issue
C. Middle East conflict
D. Cuban Missile Crisis

5. Why did Pakistan initially not join NAM?

A. It supported Soviet-led alliances
B. It was not interested in global politics
C. It was a member of CENTO and SEATO
D. India supported its membership

6. When did Pakistan withdraw from CENTO?

A. 1970
B. 1972
C. 1975
D. 1979

7. When did Pakistan become a regular member of NAM?

A. After the Bandung Conference

B. During the Belgrade Summit
C. At the Havana Summit in 1979
D. After joining the OIC

8. Why did India oppose Pakistan's entry into NAM?

A. Due to religious differences

B. Because Pakistan had opposed India's entry into the OIC
C. Pakistan was a superpower ally
D. NAM had no room for new members

9. What is a notable aspect of Pakistan’s current role in

NAM?

A. It seeks global domination

B. It is the only declared Muslim nuclear state seeking non-
hegemonic coexistence
C. It leads the Group of 77
D. It funds NAM activities

10. What contradiction is observed in NAM's functioning?

A. Members are mostly capitalist states

B. Leaders preach one thing but act differently at the UN
C. NAM supports war
D. It is funded by Western powers

LESSON NO 20:
THE COLD WAR AND ITS IMPACTS - INTRODUCING THE COLD
WAR
PHENOMENON.

1. What does the Cold War refer to?

A. A direct war between the US and USSR

B. Hostile relations without direct military conflict between the US
and USSR after WWII
C. The world war between all capitalist countries
D. The Korean and Vietnam wars only

2. Which two superpowers were involved in the Cold War?

A. USA and China

B. USSR and Germany
C. USA and USSR
D. UK and France

3. Which of the following was not a direct result of the Cold

War?

A. Global nuclear disarmament

B. Arms race
C. Ideological confrontation
D. Proxy wars

4. Which of the following conflicts was fueled by Cold War

tensions?

A. World War I
B. Korean War
C. Falklands War
D. Gulf War

5. What symbol became most associated with the Cold War?

A. Eiffel Tower
B. Kremlin
C. Berlin Wall
D. Pentagon

6. What was the alliance of the capitalist power block during

the Cold War?

A. Warsaw Pact
B. NATO
C. UN
D. EU

7. What alliance did the Soviet-led communist block form?

A. NATO
B. ASEAN
C. Warsaw Pact
D. OIC

8. What did the United States accuse the USSR of during the
Cold War?

A. Supporting capitalism
B. Promoting global communism
C. Disarming their nuclear arsenal
D. Isolating from world politics

9. What was the Soviet Union's main accusation against the

United States?

A. Encouraging communism
B. Practicing imperialism and suppressing revolutions
C. Supporting North Korea
D. Staying neutral in conflicts

10. What ideology is based on common ownership of the

means of production?
A. Capitalism
B. Socialism
C. Communism
D. Feudalism

11. In practice, communism resulted in:

A. Decentralized government
B. Multiparty democracy
C. One-party dominance and central decision-making
D. Free market competition

12. According to capitalist ideology, which of the following is

not emphasized?

A. Individual liberty
B. Common ownership
C. Private property
D. Democratic governance

13. One problem associated with capitalism in practice is:

A. Absolute equality
B. Complete government control
C. Growing inequality and issues for minorities
D. Elimination of press freedom

14. What philosophical foundation does communism largely

draw from?

A. Adam Smith’s liberalism

B. Hobbes’ realism
C. Marx’s philosophy
D. Rousseau’s social contract

Lesson no 21:

THE COLD WAR AND ITS IMPACTS.

1. Which event sowed the seeds of Communism in Europe?

A. World War I
B. The Truman Doctrine
C. The October Revolution of 1917
D. Formation of NATO

2. What checked Soviet ambitions before WWII?

A. Capitalism in the US
B. The rise of Fascism in Italy and Germany
C. The Berlin Wall
D. The UN Charte

3. Why did tensions grow between the Allies after WWII?

A. They couldn’t agree on the formation of the UN

B. The Soviet Union refused to leave Eastern Europe and grant
Poland independence
C. Britain sought to dominate Eastern Europe
D. France allied with Germany

4. Which countries came under Soviet influence in Eastern

Europe after WWII?

A. France, UK, and Italy

B. Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania
C. Spain, Portugal, and Ireland
D. Sweden, Norway, and Denma

5. What was the major turning point in US foreign policy

during the post-WWII period?

A. Creation of NATO
B. The Berlin Crisis
C. Conflict in Greece
D. The Korean War

6. What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine?

A. To promote colonialism
B. To support fascist regimes
C. To prevent the spread of communism
D. To unite Europe under US control

7. The Truman Doctrine provided aid to which two countries?

A. Poland and East Germany

B. Greece and Turkey
C. France and Italy
D. China and Korea

8. What was the Marshall Plan intended to prevent?

A. Capitalist expansion
B. Economic recovery in the US
C. Economic collapse and spread of communism in Western Europe
D. The Korean War

9. What was a key feature of the Marshall Plan?

A. Military occupation of Europe

B. Reconstruction aid to war-torn Europe
C. Creation of the UN
D. Support to Fascist regime

10. Where did the Communists exile the Chiang Kai-shek

government to?

A. Shanghai
B. Tibet
C. Formosa (now Taiwan)
D. Hong Kong

11. What conflict intensified due to the fear of communist

spread in Asia?

A. World War I
B. Vietnam War
C. Gulf War
D. Suez Crisis
12. Which countries did the US fear could fall to communism
after Vietnam?

A. Japan, Philippines, and Korea

B. Cambodia, Laos, Burma, and Thailand
C. Nepal, Bangladesh, and Bhutan
D. Australia, New Zealand, and Indonesia

13. Despite sending 600,000 troops to Vietnam, what was

the outcome for the US?

A. A clear victory
B. A military stalemate
C. Withdrawal with communist victory
D. Nuclear war

14. In the Middle East, which country did the US support?

A. Egypt
B. Israel
C. Iraq
D. Syria

15. In Latin America, where did the USSR gain influence that
alarmed the US?

A. Mexico and Brazil

B. Chile and Argentina
C. Cuba and Nicaragua
D. Venezuela and Colombia

16. Which regime did the US support in Chile to counter

communist influence?

A. Allende’s democratic government

B. Pinochet’s military regime
C. Castro’s regime
D. Morales' socialist government
17. Which African nations received military and financial aid
from the Soviet Union?

A. Kenya, Algeria, and Nigeria

B. Congo, Ghana, and Gold Coast
C. Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya
D. Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Angola

18. What major Cold War conflict took place in South Asia
involving the USSR and US indirectly?

A. Kashmir conflict
B. Bangladesh Liberation War
C. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
D. Sri Lankan Civil War

Leacture no 22

THE COLD WAR AND ITS IMPACTS (CONTINUED)

1. When did Khrushchev and Eisenhower meet at Camp

David to initiate disarmament efforts?
A) 1955
B) 1959
C) 1961
D) 1963

2. What treaty was signed in 1963 to prevent nuclear testing

in the atmosphere?
A) NPT
B) SALT I
C) PTBT (Partial Test Ban Treaty)
D) CTBT
3. What communication line was established between the US
and USSR in 1963?
A) Cold Line
B) Peace Line
C) Hotline
D) Direct Line
4. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was signed in:
A) 1963
B) 1968
C) 1971
D) 1975
5. What policy period between 1969 and 1978 emphasized
easing of tensions between the superpowers?
A) Containment
B) Détente
C) Domino Theory
D) Arms Race
6. The ABM Treaty and Strategic Offensive Arms Limitation
were signed during the visit of:
A) Ronald Reagan to Moscow
B) Nixon to USSR
C) Carter to China
D) Kennedy to Berlin
7. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) continued from:
A) 1965 to 1975
B) 1969 to 1979
C) 1970 to 1980
D) 1963 to 1973
8. Which treaty banned nuclear weapons on the seabed?
A) Seabed Treaty
B) SALT II
C) CTBT
D) Antarctic Treaty

9. What event reignited Cold War tensions in 1979?

A) Cuban Missile Crisis
B) Vietnam War
C) Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
D) Iranian Revolution
10. 10. Which US President criticized Soviet regimes on
human rights issues?
A) Richard Nixon
B) Ronald Reagan
C) Jimmy Carter
D) George H. W. Bush

11. What major event in 1980 did the US boycott to protest

Soviet actions?
A) Moscow Olympics
B) LA Olympics
C) Geneva Conference
D) UN Assembly

12. What led to the USSR’s boycott of the 1984 Olympics?

A) SALT violations
B) US missile deployment in Europe
C) Afghanistan war
D) US support to China
13. The fall of the Berlin Wall occurred in:
A) 1985
B) 1987
C) 1989
D) 1991

14. Which summit marked the formal end of the Cold War?
A) Camp David Summit
B) Washington Summit
C) London Summit
D) Moscow Summit
15. What did the London Summit emphasize after the Cold
War?
A) Increase in arms
B) Expansion of NATO's military
C) Peacekeeping and troop withdrawal
D) Launch of new alliances
16. The USSR agreed to withdraw how many nuclear-tipped
artillery shells from West Germany?
A) 1000
B) 800
C) 1470
D) 2000
17. The Cold War's end resulted in the emergence of:
A) A new communist bloc
B) A single bipolar order
C) Several new independent states
D) Colonial revival
18. Which ideology gained legitimacy after the fall of
communism?A) Feudalism
B) Socialism
C) Capitalism
D) Fascism

19. Capitalism emphasizes:

A) Collective ownership
B) Single-party rule
C) Individual liberty and private property
D) Central planning

20. The bureaucracy under communism was often criticized

as:
A) Pro-democracy
B) Decentralized
C) New bourgeoisie
D) Liberal elite

Leacture NO 23:
DISARMAMENT AND ARMS CONTROL

14. According to the historical survey of the arms race, what

often ends peacefully?
A) Disarmament conferences
B) Diplomatic treaties
C) Recognition of military superiority
D) Civil war
15. What is considered the best way to achieve peace
according to armament advocates?
A) Diplomatic negotiations
B) Reducing military spending
C) Preparing for war
D) Forming alliances
16. One of the major disadvantages of arms races is:
A) Increase in tourism
B) Strengthened global cooperation
C) High costs and potential bloodshed
D) Reduction in taxes
17. Uncontrolled armament growth without economic
support can lead to:
A) Technological innovation
B) Internal repression and external aggression
C) Cultural exchange
D) Political stability
18. Arms reduction implies:
A) Unilateral disarmament
B) Complete destruction of weapons
C) Partial disarmament based on mutual agreement
D) Increase in military expenditure
19. An example of arms limitation is:
A) Total disarmament
B) Banning acquisition of specific weapons
C) Compulsory conscription
D) Deployment of more troops
20. Which treaty in 1648 first included a clause against
building fortifications?
A) Treaty of Versailles
B) Treaty of Paris
C) Treaty of Westphalia
D) Hague Convention
21. Which country proposed armament reduction to Britain
in 1816?
A) Germany
B) France
C) Russia
D) Austria
22. What was the outcome of the 1898 proposal by the
Russian Tsar?
A) Immediate disarmament
B) A military alliance
C) First Hague Peace Conference
D) Treaty of Versailles
23. Why did the Hague Peace Conferences fail in practice?
A) Lack of civilian participation
B) Weak coordination among small nations
C) Major powers were unwilling to act
D) No military involvement
24. Which US President proposed that armaments be
reduced to the lowest level consistent with safety?
A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) Woodrow Wilson
D) Harry Truman
25. Which treaty recognized that peace requires national
armament reduction?
A) Treaty of Paris
B) Treaty of Tordesillas
C) Treaty of Versailles
D) Geneva Accord
26. Who was allowed League of Nations membership
regarding disarmament?
A) Only European states
B) Countries with no military
C) Those accepting disarmament agreements
D) Former colonies
27. Why did the League's permanent military commission
fail?
A) Lack of funding
B) It had only civilian experts
C) It lacked international support
D) It consisted of military personnel unwilling to disarm
28. What was a key proposal by the Temporary Mixed
Commission in 1920?
A) Total arms abolition
B) National self-determination
C) Compulsory arbitration and aid to aggression victims
D) Increase in naval strength
29. Why did the 1932 Geneva Disarmament Conference
ultimately fail?
A) US withdrawal
B) Financial collapse in Europe
C) Japanese invasion of Manchuria and German withdrawal
D) British opposition

Leacture NO :24
DISARMAMENT AND ARMS CONTROL (CONTINUED)

What did the UN Charter emphasize after WWII?

A) Expansion of military alliances
B) Strengthening colonial empires
C) Need for disarmament
D) Development of nuclear weapons

Which committee was established by the UN to assist the

Security Council in regulating armaments?
A) Arms Control Commission
B) Military Staff Committee
C) Disarmament Working Group
D) Global Peace Committees

The UN Atomic Energy Commission included all Security

Council members and which other country?
A) Germany
B) Japan
C) Canada
D) India

One of the goals of the Atomic Energy Commission was to:

A) Develop more nuclear weapons
B) Militarize outer space
C) Eliminate nuclear weapons
D) Promote nuclear warfare

What disagreement led to the ineffectiveness of the Atomic

Energy Commission?
A) Budget disputes
B) Disagreement over China’s role
C) Divergent positions of the US and USSR
D) Lack of participation by developing nations

Why did the USSR pull out of the UN disarmament

commissions?
A) US military expansion
B) Opposition to UN funding
C) Due to China’s representation on them
D) To pursue its own nuclear program

Who proposed the ‘Atoms for Peace’ plan in 1953?

A) John F. Kennedy
B) Franklin D. Roosevelt
C) Dwight D. Eisenhower
D) Richard Nixon
What did the ‘Atoms for Peace’ plan propose?
A) Destruction of all nuclear weapons
B) Donating fissionable materials for peaceful use
C) Banning nuclear energy
D) Building a global nuclear army

What was the Soviet Union’s objection to the ‘Atoms for

Peace’ plan?
A) It lacked funding
B) It excluded developing countries
C) It required prior agreement on banning nuclear weapons
D) It gave control to NATO

Which of the following is NOT a disarmament or arms control

agreement?
A) NTBT
B) NPT
C) SALT I
D) NATO

What did the 1985 six-nation summit in New Delhi reflect?

A) Alliance-building among nuclear states
B) Developing nations’ concern over the nuclear arms race
C) Superpower cooperation in the Cold War
D) Support for expanding NATO

The NPT review conference in 1995 recommended:

A) Abolition of all nuclear weapons
B) Replacement of NPT with CTBT
C) Infinite extension of the NPT
D) Withdrawal from the CTBT

Which countries were criticized for not joining the NPT or

CTBT?
A) France, Russia, China
B) Israel, Pakistan, India
C) Japan, Germany, Italy
D) Brazil, South Africa, Argentina

Why do India and Pakistan oppose the CTBT?

A) They lack nuclear capability
B) They fear CTBT promotes war
C) Advanced states can simulate tests in labs
D) It bans peaceful nuclear use

Which country signed the CTBT after its final nuclear test in
the South Pacific?
A) China
B) UK
C) France
D) North Korea
]

Leacture NO :25

THE RELEVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN INTERNATIONAL

RELATIONS

What does international law primarily regulate?

A) Only trade between countries
B) Internal politics of states
C) Conduct of individuals, institutions, and states internationally
D) Environmental policies

Which of the following is an ingredient of international law?

A) Only religious codes
B) Military strategies
C) General principles of law and justice
D) National constitutions

When can the formulation of international law be traced

back to?
A) 19th century
B) 3rd and 4th millenniums B.C.
C) Roman Republic era
D) 15th century

What international legal concept was developed by the

Romans?
A) Positivist law
B) Civil law
C) Just gentrium (law of the people)
D) Common law

Who was a major contributor to international law in the 14th

century?
A) Montesquieu
B) Machiavelli
C) Hugo Grotius
D) Cicero

What was Hugo Grotius known for?

A) Drafting the UN Charter
B) Creating maritime laws
C) Writing on laws of war and peace
D) Forming the WTO
Which school of thought combined naturalist and positivist
ideas?
A) Marxist
B) Naturalist
C) Positivist
D) Grotian

What do naturalists emphasize in international law?

A) State sovereignty
B) Morality through law
C) Military strength
D) Economic dominance

What is the focus of positivists in international law?

A) Humanitarian aid
B) Historical customs
C) Practicalities and state consent
D) Religious values

Which global institution has made significant contributions

to international law in recent history?
A) NATO
B) OPEC
C) League of Nations and the UN
D) ASEAN

Which organization contributes specifically to international

trade laws?
A) UNESCO
B) WHO
C) IMF and WTO
D) Red Cross

What does private international law concern?

A) Relations between governments
B) Conduct of international organizations
C) Individuals across borders
D) Military treaties

What is the focus of public international law?

A) Trade tariffs
B) Individual criminal law
C) Behavior of states and organizations
D) Domestic court procedures

What do procedural international laws define?

A) Bilateral agreements
B) Types of permitted behavior
C) Territory boundaries
D) Trade penalties

What do substantive international laws usually address?

A) Treaty ratification
B) Peacekeeping budgets
C) Territorial rights of states
D) War tactic

What is the difference between particular and general

international laws?
A) Particular laws are outdated
B) General laws are bilateral
C) General laws apply to all states; particular laws apply to specific
agreements
D) Particular laws are optional

Leacture NO :26

THE RELEVANCE OF IINTERNATIIONAL LAW IIN

IINTERNATIIONAL REALATION (CONTUNIED)

1. According to positivists, what gives international laws

their validity?
A) Logical consistency
B) Consent of sovereign states
C) Moral principles
D) Divine authority

2. Which school of thought merges both morality and

consent in international law?
A) Positivists
B) Realists
C) Naturalists
D) Grotians or Eclectics

3. Article 38 of the ICJ recognizes all the following as sources

of international law except:
A) Custom
B) Legal commentaries
C) General principles of law
D) Domestic law of major powers

4. Customary international laws are primarily derived from:

A) Moral values
B) Repeated state practices and treaties
C) UN declarations
D) NGO reports

5. What is the main reason national laws have greater

legitimacy than international laws?
A) They are enforced by the UN
B) Individuals rely less on national legal systems
C) They are created and enforced within formal institutions
D) They are based on religious doctrine

6. What kind of authority does the International Court of

Justice (ICJ) possess?
A) Binding judicial enforcement
B) Full global legislative power
C) Advisory capacity only
D) Military enforcement power

7. Over time, international law is becoming:

A) Less accepted and outdated
B) More accepted, complex, and enforceable
C) Fully enforceable by UN military
D) Focused solely on human rights

8. Despite limitations, international law helps in:

A) Eliminating state sovereignty
B) Supporting international order and cooperation
C) Replacing national legal systems
D) Promoting cultural imperialism

Leacture NO 27:

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1. International organizations can be broadly divided into:

A) Governmental and Semi-Governmental
B) Political and Religious
C) Inter-governmental Organizations (IGOs) and Non-Governmental
Organizations (NGOs)
D) Legal and Economic bodies

2. The key difference between IGOs and NGOs is:

A) IGOs work only on environmental issues
B) IGOs have official state delegates, NGOs do not
C) NGOs are part of the UN
D) NGOs have military power

3. Which of the following is an example of an IGO with

general membership and general purpose?
A) NATO
B) World Bank
C) United Nations (UN)
D) European Union (EU)

4. What category of IGO does the World Bank fall under?

A) General membership and general purpose
B) General membership and limited purpose
C) Limited membership and general purpose
D) Limited membership and limited purpose

5. Which organization has limited membership an

A) NATO
B) UN
C) OIC or EU
D) World Bank

6. An example of an IGO with limited membership and

limited purpose is:
A) UN
B) OIC
C) NATO
D) World Bank

7. Which of the following historical examples was formed to

protect a religious temple?
A) Hanseatic League
B) NATO
C) Amphictyonic League
D) League of Nation

8. Who proposed alliances between Christian powers in

1305?
A) Rousseau
B) Pierre Dubories
C) Immanuel Kant
D) Dante
✅ Answer: B) Pierre Dubories

9. The 'Grand Design' of 1603 was:

A) A secular organization to promote peace worldwide
B) An international trade union
C) A Christian-based initiative limited to Europe
D) A defense pact between Asian nations

10. Which 1648 event promoted diplomatic ties after a major

European war?
A) Congress of Vienna
B) Westphalian Congress
C) Brussels Congress
D) Hague Commission

11. The Congress of Vienna (1815) contributed to

international law by:
A) Starting the UN
B) Promoting the idea of global disarmament
C) Abolishing slavery and regulating river navigation
D) Forming the League of Nations

12. Which doctrine opposed foreign intervention in the

Western Hemisphere?
A) Hague Convention
B) Monroe Doctrine
C) Geneva Agreement
D) Treaty of Versailles

13. Which of the following was a prototype international

organization from the 19th century?
A) UN
B) League of Nations
C) International Telegraphic Union

D) NATO

Leacture NO 28:

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (CONTINUED)