Classic control or relay logic control
1
Introduction
➢ Industrial control includes several types such as classic control, programmable logic
controllers (PLCs), . . .
➢ (Note: Industrial control system is used to monitor and control physical equipment's and
processes in industrial environments).
2
Components of Classic Control Systems
➢ In these systems, components used by the system are hard-wired, and they are rewired
in case of any modification in the process.
➢ Common components used by classic control are:
▪ Switches
▪ Push Buttons
▪ Relays
▪ Contactors
▪ Overload Relays
▪ Fuses
▪ Circuit Breakers
▪ Sensors
▪ Timers
3
Introduction
4
Introduction
R S T N E
380 V 220 V
220 V
5
Components of Classic Control Systems
Switch
➢ The switch is an electrical
component that can make or
break an electric circuit or
diverting the current from one
conductor to another.
6
Components of Classic Control Systems
Push Button
➢ A small button that when
pushed makes or breaks an
electric circuit.
▪ Normally Closed (NC).
▪ Normally Open (NO)
Off switch On switch Off on switch
7
Components of Classic Control Systems
Contactor
➢ A contactor is an electrically controlled switch used for switching an electrical power circuit.
Main points coil
𝑨
𝑹 𝑺 𝑻
𝑨𝟏
𝑳𝟏 𝑳𝟐 𝑳𝟑 Auxiliary points 𝑨
𝑨𝟏
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟏
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔
𝟏𝟒 𝟐𝟐 𝑨𝟐
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐 𝑻𝟑 𝑨𝟐
𝑩
𝑼 𝑽 𝑾 𝑩
8
Components of Classic Control Systems
Contactor
𝑹 𝑺 𝑻
𝑨 𝑳𝟏 𝑳𝟐 𝑳𝟑
𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟏 𝟒𝟑 𝟑𝟏 𝑨𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
𝟏𝟒 𝟐𝟐 𝟒𝟒 𝟑𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟔
𝑨𝟐
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐 𝑻𝟑
𝑩
𝑼 𝑽 𝑾
9
Components of Classic Control Systems
Contactor
10
Components of Classic Control Systems
Relay
➢ A relay is an electrically operated switch.
➢ It is like a contactor except with lower current ratings.
11
Components of Classic Control Systems
Overload Relay
➢ Overload relays are protective devices. They are designed to cut
power if the motor draws too much current for an extended
period of time.
contactor
overload
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟗𝟕 𝟗𝟓 𝟗𝟓
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝟗𝟖 𝟗𝟔 𝟗𝟔 𝟗𝟖 12
Components of Classic Control Systems
Fuse
➢ It is a type of low resistance resistor that acts as a sacrificial device to provide
overcurrent protection.
➢ Fuses can be used as alternatives to circuit breakers.
13
Components of Classic Control Systems
Circuit Breaker
➢ A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage caused by over current.
➢ Unlike a fuse, a circuit breaker can be reset to resume normal operation.
14
Components of Classic Control Systems
Sensors
➢ A sensor is an object whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment,
and then provide a corresponding output.
➢ The input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, . .
➢ The output is a signal suitable for processing (e.g. optical, electrical).
15
Components of Classic Control Systems
Timers
➢ ON-delay Timer
On Delay Timer
▪ When voltage is applied to the coil, the relay contacts remain in the off state and
the set time begins.
▪ When the set time has elapsed, the relay contacts transfer to the on state. The
contacts remain in the on state until the timer is reset.
▪ The timer is reset by removing the coil voltage.
16
Components of Classic Control Systems
Timers
➢ OFF-delay Timer
Off Delay Timer
▪ When a start signal is supplied, the contacts immediately transfer to the on state.
▪ The set time begins when the start signal is removed.
▪ When the set time has elapsed, the contacts transfer to the off state.
17
Difference between Control Circuit and Power Circuit
➢ Control circuit is the circuit in which the current is conducted to the coil of a contactor. This
current is small. Therefore, the cross-section area of the wires is small, and the ratings of the
control components are low.
➢ The power circuit is the one in which the current is conducted from the main supply to load.
The load current is usually high. Therefore, the cross-section area of the cables is large, and
the ratings of the used contacts are high.
Power Circuit Relay control circuit 18
Difference between Control Circuit and Power Circuit
L
R S T Fuse
CB 𝟗𝟓
OL
𝟗𝟔
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
K Stop
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔
𝟏𝟑
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 Start K
OL 𝟏𝟒
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔
𝑨𝟏
K
3Ф
Motor 𝑨𝟐
N
Power Circuit Relay control circuit 19
