Std 12th JEE Sub PCM QP & AK 04-08-2025

Sub - Physics
Topic - Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current

1. An alternating voltage of E = 200√2sin⁡(100t)V is connected to a

condenser of 1𝜇 F through an A.C. ammeter. The reading of the ammeter
will be
(A) 10 mA (B) 40 mA (C) 80 mA (D) 20 mA
Answer:(D)
Solution:

𝐸rms 𝐸0 𝜔𝐶
𝐼rms = =
𝑋𝐶 √2

2. Find the rms and average value of the wave-form shown in figure.

(A) 8.5,10 (B) 10.3,20 (C) 15.2,15 (D) 2.6,5

Answer:(C)
Solution:
The slope of the curve 𝐴𝐵 is 𝐵𝐶/𝐴𝐶 = 20/𝑇. Next, consider the function 𝑦
at any time 𝑡. It is seen that 𝐷𝐸/𝐴𝐸 = 𝐵𝐶/𝐴𝐶 = 10/𝑇
or (𝑦 − 10)/𝑡 = 10/𝑇 or
𝑦 = 10 + (10/𝑇)𝑡
This give us the equation for the function of one cycle.
1 𝑇 1 𝑇 10
𝑌𝑎𝑣 = ∫0 𝑦𝑑𝑡 = ∫0 (10 + 𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 𝑇 𝑇
 𝑇
1 𝑇 10 1 5𝑡 2
∫ [10. 𝑑𝑡 + . 𝑡. 𝑑𝑡] = |10𝑡 + | = 15
𝑇 0 𝑇 𝑇 𝑇 0

3. The average current of a sinusoidally varrying alternating current of peak

value 5A with initial phase zero, between the instants 𝑡 = 𝑇/8 to 𝑡 = 𝑇/4 is
(Where ' 𝑇 ' is time period)
10 5 20√2 10
(A) √2 A (B) √2𝐴 (C) A (D) A
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Answer:(A)
Solution:

𝑇/4
∫𝑇/8 𝑖𝑑𝑡
< 𝑖 >= 𝑇/4
∫𝑇/8 𝑑𝑡

4. Which of the following plots may represent the reactance of a series LC

combination?

(A) 𝑎 (B) 𝑏 (C) 𝑐 (D) 𝑑

Answer:(D)
Solution:
Graph of Reactance vs frequency graph for LC circuit

5. A box 𝑃 and a coil 𝑄 are connected in series with an ac source of variable

frequency. The emf of source is at 10𝑉. Box 𝑃 contains a capacitance of
1𝜇𝐹 in series with a resistance of 32Ω. Coil 𝑄 has a self-inductance 4.9 mH
and a resistance of 68Ω in series. The frequency is adjusted so that the
maximum current flows in 𝑃 and 𝑄. Find the relation between impedance of
𝑃 and 𝑄 at this frequency.
(A) 𝑍𝑃 > 𝑍𝑄 (B) 𝑍𝑄 > 𝑍𝑃
(C) 𝑍𝑃 = 𝑍𝑄 (D) Cannot be found
Answer:(B)
Solution:
Since current is maximum so circuit is in resonance, therefore,
1 105
𝜔=√ = rads −1
𝐿𝐶 7
1 7
So, 𝑋𝐶 = = = 70Ω and
𝜔𝐶 105 ×1×10−6
105
𝑋𝐿 × 4.9 × 10−3 = 70Ω
7
Now, 𝑍𝑃 = √𝑅𝑃2 + 𝑋𝐶2 = √(32)2 + (70)2 = 77Ω

𝑍𝑄 = √𝑅𝑄2 + 𝑋𝐿2 = √(68)2 + (70)2 = 97.6Ω

Thus, 𝑍𝑄 > 𝑍𝑃 .

6. To reduce the iron losses in a transformer, the core must be made of a

material having
(A) low permeability and high resistivity
(B) high permeability and high resistivity
(C) low permeability and low resistivity
(D) high permeability and low resistivity
Answer:(B)
Solution:
Hint: The transformer core brings a magnetic path to channel flux. This is
necessary to reduce the no-load losses of the transformer. The core is a
source of heat in the transformer and as a core becomes larger in size,
cooling ducts within the core may become necessary.

7. The transformer ratio of a transformer is 5. If the primary voltage of the

transformer is 400 V, 50 Hz, the secondary voltage will be
(A) 2000 V, 250 Hz (B) 80 V, 50 Hz
(C) 80 V, 10 Hz (D) 2000 V, 50 Hz
Answer:(B)
Solution:
𝑉𝑠
Frequency remains same. =5
𝑉𝑝

8. In the circuit diagram shown, 𝑋𝐶 = 100Ω, 𝑋𝐿 = 200Ω&𝑅 = 100Ω. The

effective current through the source is

(A) 2 A (B) 2√2 A (C) 0.5 A (D) √0.4 A

Answer:(B)
Solution:
𝑉 200 200
𝐼𝑅 = = = 2𝐴;⁡𝐼𝐿𝐶 = = 2𝐴
𝑅 100 𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶
𝐼 = √22 + 22 = 2√2𝐴⁡ as 𝐼𝑅 inphase with V
𝐼𝐿𝐶 lages behind V by 𝜋/2

9. The rms and the average value of the voltage wave shown in figure are

32 11
(A) √ V; 1 V (B) √ V; 1 V
3 3

11 32
(C) √ V; 3 V (D) √ V; 3 V
3 3
Answer:(A)
Solution:
 ∫ ⁡ 𝑖𝑑𝑡 ∫ ⁡ 𝑖 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑖ave = ;⁡𝑖rms = √
∫ ⁡ 𝑑𝑡 ∫ ⁡ 𝑑𝑡

10. The value of 𝐶 ′ if circuit becomes resonant after closing the key is

1 1 2
(A) −𝐶 (B) 𝜔(C + C ′ ) (C) −𝐶 (D) −𝐶
𝜔𝐿 𝜔2 𝐿 𝜔2 𝐿
Answer:(C)
1
Solution: −𝐶
𝜔2 𝐿

11. An alternating voltage v(t) = 220sin⁡ 100𝜋t volt is applied to a purely

resistive load of 50Ω. The time taken for the current to rise from half of the
peak value to the peak value is
(A) 3.3 Ms (B) 5 Ms (C) 2.2 Ms (D) 7.2 Ms
Answer:(A)
Solution:
𝑉(𝑡) = 220sin⁡(100𝜋𝑡) volt
220
I(t) = sin⁡(100𝜋t) volt
5
= 44sin⁡(100𝜋t) volt
Comparing with I = I0 sin⁡(𝜃),
I0
I= when 𝜃 = 30∘
2
I = Io when 𝜃 = 90∘
𝜋
∴ phase to be covered 𝜃 = 60∘ =
3
Time taken,
𝜋
𝜃 1
t= = 3 = sec
𝜔 100𝜋 300
= 3.3 ms.

12. In the given circuit, the AC source has 𝜔 = 100rad/s. Considering the
inductor and capacitor to be ideal, the correct choice(s) is/are
(A) the current through the circuit, I is 0.3 A.
(B) the current through the circuit, I is 0.3√2 A.
(C) the voltage across 100Ω resistor = 10√2 V.
(D) the voltage across 50Ω resistor = 10 V.

Answer:(A)
Solution:
Here, 𝜔 = 100rad/s, L = 0.5H,
C = 100𝜇 F, V = 20 V
∴ XL = 𝜔L = 100 × 0.5 = 50Ω
1 1
XC = = = 100Ω
𝜔C 100 × 100 × 10−6
Impedance across capacitor,

𝑍1 = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐶2 = √(100)2 + (100)2

20 1
Z1 = 100√2Ω⁡ ∴ I1 = = A
100√2 5√2
Voltage across 100Ω

1
𝑉 = 𝐼1 = 100 = × 100 = 10√2𝑉
5√2
Impedance across inductance,
𝑍2 = √𝑅2 + (𝑋𝐿 ) = √(50)2 + (50)2
20 2 √2
Z2 = 50√2Ω ∴ = =
50√2 5√2 5
√2
Now voltage across 50Ω = × 50 = 10√2
5
1
I1 = A at 45∘ leading
5√2
√2
I2 = A at 45∘ leading
5
∴ Current through circuit

Inet = √I12 + I22 = 0.3 A

13. For the LCR circuit, shown here, the current is observed to lead the
applied voltage. An additional capacitor C ′ , when joined with the capacitor
C present in the circuit, makes the power factor of the circuit unity. The
capacitor C ′ , must have been connected in
1−𝜔2 LC
(A) series with C and has a magnitude
𝜔2 L
C
(B) series with C and has a magnitude (𝜔2
LC−1)
C
(C) parallel with C and has a magnitude (𝜔2
LC−1)
1−𝜔2 LC
(D) parallel with C and has a magnitude .
𝜔2 L
Answer:(D)
Solution:
Since power factor has to be made 1 .
∴ Effective capacitance should be increased thus connecting in parallel.
∵ cos⁡ 𝜙 = 1 ∴ 𝜙 = 0
I
I𝜔L =
𝜔(C + C ′ )

1 1
or 𝐶 + 𝐶 ′ = ⁡ ∴ 𝐶′ = −𝐶
𝜔2 𝐿 𝜔2 𝐿
1−𝜔2 LC
∴ C′ = in parallel
𝜔2 L

√3
14. In the given circuit, C = 𝜇 F, R 2 = 20Ω, and R1 = 10Ω. Current in
2
L − R1 path is I1 and in C − 𝑅2 path it is 𝐼2 . The voltage of A.C source is
given by, 𝑉 = 200√2sin⁡(100𝑡) volts. The phase difference between I1 and
I2 is.
(A) 180∘ (B) 30∘ (C) 90∘ (D) 150∘
Answer:(D)
Solution:
For current I1 ,
√3
XL 𝜔L 100 × 10
tan⁡ 𝜙 = = = = √3
R1 R1 10
𝜙 = 60∘ ; V leads I1
For current I2 ,
XC 1 1
tan⁡ 𝜙 ′ = = =
R 2 𝜔CR 2 √3
100 × 2 × 10−6 × 20
1000
= ⋅ 𝜙 ′ ≃ 90∘ ; V lags I I2 .
√3
The required phase difference between I1 and I2 is, 𝜙 + 𝜙 ′ = 60∘ + 90∘ =
150∘

15. A transformer having efficiency of 90% is working on 200 V- and 3-kW

power supply. If the current in the secondary coil is 6 A, the voltage across
the secondary coil and the current in the primary coil respectively are
(A) 300 V, 15 A (B) 450 V, 15 A
(C) 450 V, 13.5 A (D) 600 V, 15 A
Answer:(B)
Solution:
Efficiency of the transformer,
Here,
Efficiency of the transformer
𝜂 = 90%
 𝑃out 𝑉𝑠 𝐼𝑠
𝜂= =
𝑃in 𝑉𝑝 𝐼𝑝
90 6𝑉𝑠
⁡∴ = or 𝑉𝑠
100 3000
90 × 3000
⁡= = 450 V
100 × 6
Input power, 𝑃in = 3 kW
= 3 × 103 W = 3000 W
Voltage across the primary coil,
𝑉𝑝 = 200 V
Current in the secondary coil, 𝐼𝑠 = 6 A
As 𝑃in = 𝐼𝑝 𝑉𝑝
∴⁡ Current in the primary coil,
𝑃in 3000 W
𝐼𝑝 = = = 15 A
𝑉𝑝 200 V

16. The primary and secondary coils of a transformer have 50 and 1500
turns respectively. If the magnetic flux 𝜙 linked with the primary coil is
given by 𝜙 = 𝜙0 + 4t, where 𝜙 is in webers, t is time in seconds and 𝜙0 is a
constant, the output voltage across the secondary coil is
(A) 120 Volts (B) 220 Volts
(C) 30 Volts (D) 90 Volts
Answer:(A)
Solution:
The magnetic flux linked with the primary coil is given by 𝜙 = 𝜙0 + 4𝑡
So, voltage across primary,
𝑑𝜙 𝑑
𝑉𝑃 ⁡= = (𝜙0 + 4𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
⁡= 4 V (as, 𝜙0 = constant)
Also, we have
𝑁𝑝 = 50 and 𝑁𝑠 = 1500
𝑉𝑆 𝑁𝑆
From relation, =
𝑉𝑃 𝑁𝑃
or
 𝑁𝑆
𝑉𝑆 ⁡= 𝑉𝑃 ⋅
𝑁𝑃
1500
⁡= 4 ( ) = 120 V
50

17. If a source of power 4 kW produces 1020 photons/second, the radiation

belongs to a part of the spectrum called
(A) 𝑋 – rays (B) Microwaves
(C) Ultraviolet rays (D) 𝛾 rays
Answer:(A)
Solution:
𝑛𝐸 ℎ𝑐
𝑃= ;𝐸 =
𝑡 𝜆

18. Light with energy flux of 24Wm−2 is incident on a well polished disc of
radius 3.5 cm for one hour. The momentum transferred to the disc is
(A) 1.1𝜇 kg ms −1 (B) 2.2𝜇 kg ms −1
(C) 3.3𝜇 kg ms −1 (D) 4.4𝜇 kg ms −1
Answer:(B)
Solution:

2𝑈 2𝐼𝐴𝑡
𝑃= =
𝐶 𝐶

19. A lamp radiates power 𝑃0 uniformly in all directions, the amplitude of

electric field strength 𝐸0 at a distance r from it is
𝑃0 𝑃0
(A) 𝐸0 = (B) 𝐸0 = √
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑐𝑟 2 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑐𝑟 2

𝑃 𝑃
(C) 𝐸0 = √ 0 2 (D) 𝐸0 = √ 0
4𝜋𝜀 𝑐𝑟 0 8𝜋𝜀 𝑐𝑟 0

Answer:(B)
Solution:
𝑃 1 2
𝑃
𝑆𝑎𝑣 = = 𝜀 𝐸 ∴ 𝐸 = √
4𝜋𝑅2 2 0 0 0
2𝜋𝑅2 𝜀0 𝑐
20. Light with energy flux 36Wm−3 is incident on a circular part of radius
1.4 m of a perfectly balck body. The force experienced by the body and the
momentum delivered in 10 minutes are
(A) 2.2𝜇𝑁, 7.2𝜇kgms −1 (B) 3.5𝜇𝑁, 7.4𝜇kgms −1
(C) 0.74𝜇𝑁, 444𝜇kgms −1 (D) 7.4𝜇𝑁, 2.2𝜇kgms −1
Answer:(C)
Solution:
𝑈 𝐼𝐴𝑡 𝐼𝐴
Momentum 𝑃 = = , Force 𝐹 =
𝐶 𝐶 𝐶

21. An ideal inductor takes a current of 10 A when connected to a

125 V, 50 Hz AC supply. A pure resistor across the same source takes 12.5
A. if the two are connected in series across a 100√2 V, 40 Hz supply, the
current through the circuit will be ________ A
Answer:(10)
Solution:
𝜀
𝜔L⁡= 2𝜋𝑓 L =
I
𝜀 125
2𝜋 L⁡= = = 0.25
𝑓I 50 × 10
𝜀 125
R⁡= = = 10Ω
I 12.5
For 40 HZ frequency,
XL ⁡= 2𝜋 L × 𝑓 = 2𝜋 L × 40 = 10Ω

Z⁡= √R2 + XL2 = √102 + 102 = √200 = 10√2

𝜀 100√2
I⁡= = = 10 A
Z 10√2

22. In the given figure, the charge stored in 6𝜇 F capacitor, when points 𝐴
and 𝐵 are joined by a connecting wire is __________ 𝜇C.
Answer:(36)
Solution:

R eq = 9Ω
9V
i= =1A
9Ω
Δ𝑉6Ω = 1 × 6 = 6 V
VA = 3 V
So, potential difference across 6𝜇 F is 6 V .
Hence
𝑄 = 𝐶Δ𝑉
= 6 × 6 × 10−6 C
= 36𝜇C
23. A power transmission line feeds input power at 2.3 kV to a step down
transformer with its primary winding having 3000 turns. The output power is
delivered at 230 V by the transformer. The current in the primary of the
transformer is 5A and its efficiency is 90%. The winding of transformer is
made of copper. The output current of transformer is ⁡ A.
Answer:(45)
Solution:
Pi = 2300 × 5 watt
P0 = 2300 × 5 × 0.9 = 230 × I2
I2 = 45 A

24. In the circuit shown in the figure, the ratio of the quality factor and the
band width is __________ s.

Answer:(10)
Solution:
𝑅
Bandwidth Δ𝜔 =
𝐿
1 𝐿
Quality factor 𝑄 = √
𝑅 𝐶
1 𝐿
𝑄 √
𝑅 𝐶
So = 𝑅
Δ𝜔
𝐿
3
𝐿2
=
𝑅 2 √𝐶
3
32
= 1
102 (27 × −6
10 2 )
 3 √3
=
100(3√3 × 10−3 )
= 10

25. The frequencies at which the current amplitude in an LCR series circuit
1
becomes times its maximum value, are 212rads −1 and 232rads −1 . The
√2
value of resistance in the circuit is 𝑅 = 5Ω. The self inductance in the circuit
is __________ mH.
Answer:(250)
Solution:
𝑖 1
=
𝑖max √2
𝑉0
= 𝑍
𝑉0
𝑅
𝑅 1
⇒ =
𝑍 √2
1 1
and − 212𝐿 = 232𝐿 −
212𝐶 232𝐶
1
so 212𝐿 =
232𝐶
𝑅 1
so 2
=
√𝑅 2 +(232𝐿+ 1 ) √2
232𝐶

𝑅2 1
=
𝑅2 + (20𝐿)2 2
400𝐿2 = 𝑅2
5
𝐿=
20
5
𝐻= × 1000mH
20
= 250mH
 Sub - Chemistry
Topic - Chemical Kinetics

1. A reaction was found to be second order with respect to the concentration of carbon
monoxide. If the concentration of carbon monoxide is doubled, with everything else kept
the same, the rate of reaction will
(A) Double (B) Remain unchanged
(C) Triple (D) Increase by a factor of 4
Answer : (D)
Solution :
dx
Given r1 = = k[CO]2
dt
r2 = k[2CO] = 4k[CO]2
2

Thus, according to the rate law expression doubling the concentration of CO increases the
rate by a factor of 4.

2. For a reaction X+Y→Z, rate ∝ [X]. What is (i) molecularity and (ii) order of reaction?
(A) (i) 2, (ii) 1 (B) (i) 2, (ii) 2 (C) (i) 1 , (ii) 1 (D) (i) 1, (ii) 2
Answer : (A)
Solution :
Question says x + y both are involeved in collision to form product then Molecularity as
per Question is 2 since, Rate law is given as 𝑅 = 𝐾[𝑥]1 , order is 1.

3. For the first order reaction A→ Products, which one of the following is the correct plot
of log [A] versus t time?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)
Answer : (B)
Solution :
Integrated Rate of law for first order reaction.
[ A]0
kt = 2.303 log
[ A]t
[A]0 kt
⇒ log =
[ A]t 2.303
kt
⇒ log⁡[A]0 − log⁡[A]t =
2.303
kt
⇒ log⁡[A]t = log⁡[A]0 −
2.303
which can be plotted by giving, y = mx + c
with log⁡[A]t on y -axis and t on x axis giving negative
−k
slope and intercept value log⁡[A]0.
2.303

4. The half life period of a first order reaction is 15 minutes. The amount of substance left
after one hour will be:
1 1
(A) of the original amount (B) of the original amount
4 8
1 1
(C) of the original amount (D) of the original amount
16 32
Answer : (C)
Solution :
[A0 ]
Amount of reactant left after n half life =
2n
60 min
n= =4
15 min
A A
then Amount left = 40 = 0
2 16

5. The given plots represent the variation of the concentration of a reactant R with time
for two different reactions (i) and (ii). The respective orders of the reactions are:

(A) 1, 1 (B) 0, 2 (C) 0, 1 (D) 1, 0

Answer : (D)
Solution :
For first order reaction
ℓn[R]t = −Kt + ℓn[R]0
For zero order reaction
[R]t = −Kt + [R]0
Where ‘R’ is reactant.

6. For the reaction, 2A + B → products, when the concentrations of A and B both were
doubled, the rate of the reaction increased from 0.3 mol L−1 s −1 to 2.4 mol L−1 s −1 . When
the concentration of A alone is doubled, the rate increased from 0.3 mol L−1 s −1 to
0.6 mol L−1 s −1 Which one of the following statements is correct?
(A) Total order of the reaction is 4
(B) Order of the reaction with respect to B is 2
(C) Order of the reaction with respect to B is 1
(D) Order of the reaction with respect to A is 2
Answer : (B)
Solution: Solution:
Step 1: Use the rate law: Rate = k[A]^x[B]^y
When [A] is doubled and [B] is constant:
New rate = 0.6 mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹ (from 0.3), so rate doubles → [2]^x = 2 → x = 1
⇒ Order with respect to A = 1

Step 2: When both [A] and [B] are doubled:

Rate increases from 0.3 to 2.4 mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹ → 8 times increase
So, 8 = (2)^x * (2)^y → x = 1 ⇒ 8 = 2^1 * 2^y = 2 * 2^y ⇒ 2^y = 4 ⇒ y = 2
⇒ Order with respect to B = 2

Total order = x + y = 1 + 2 = 3

Correct Answer: (B) Order of the reaction with respect to B is 2

7. Which of the following statements is false ?

(A) For a first order reaction, the rate of reaction doubles as the concentration of reactant
(s) doubles
(B) Active mass of 64 g of HI present in a two-litre flask is 0.25
(C) For zero order reaction, the rate changes with temperature
(D) Both order and molecularity of a reaction are always the same.
Answer : (D)
Solution :
Option (a) is correct as R = k[ Reactant ]1
Option (b) is correct, as in present level of study we deal with dilute solutions where active
mass = Concentration Thus,
number of moles 64 1
[HI] = = = = 0.25
volume 128 × 2 4
so, option b is correct.
Option (c) is correct as for zero order reaction, R = k [Reactant]
∴ Rate = k and k varies with temperature.
Option (d) is false as Order and Molecularity of Reaction are same only for elementary
reaction.

8. The unit of rate constant for a zero order reaction is

(A) litre⁡sec −1 (B) litre⁡mol−1 sec −1
(C) mol⁡litre−1 sec −1 (D) mol⁡sec −1 .
Answer : (C)
Solution :
Rate = K[reactants]n
K = rate content
n = order of reaction
rate
𝐾=
[reactant]𝑛
K = rate content
n = order of reaction
Concentration
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐿−1 𝑠 −1
Time
Concentration 1
𝐾= ×
Time ( concentration of reactent )𝑛
Here n = 0
Concentration moll −1
𝐾= = ≈ ⁡𝑚𝑜𝑙⁡𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟 −1 𝑠 −1
Time 𝑠
9. The activation energy of a reaction is zero. The rate constant of the reaction
(A) increases with increase of temperature
(B) decreases with increase of temperature
(C) decreases with decrease of temperature
(D) is nearly independent of temperature
Answer : (D)
Solution :
−Ea
k = Ae RT
Ea = 0
k = Ae0
∴k=A
'A' represents maximum rate constant where every collision is effective collision i.e. leads
to fruitful reaction.
Thus, rate constant is nearly independent of temperature
When Ea = 0.

10. As the reaction progresses, the rate of reaction

(A) increases (B) decreases
(C) remains constant (D) first increases, then decreases
Answer : (B)
Solution :
In General, for any normal reaction
R = k⁡[Reaction]x
Where we can write
rate ∝ concentration of reactant
So, as time passes, concentration of reactant decreases and hence rate decreases.

11. In the accompanied diagram, ER , EP and EX represent the energy of the reactants,
products and activated complex respectively. Which of the following is the activation
energy for the backward reaction?
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D
Answer : (A)
Solution :

For backward reaction,

Ea = Ex − Ep = A

12. Assertion (A): For the 2N2 O5 → 4NO2 + O2 ; Rate = K[N2 O5 ].

Reason (R): Rate of decomposition of N2 O5 is determined by slow step.
(A) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(D) If assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer : (A)
Solution :
Decomposition of N2 O5 follows first order kinetics. It is fact.
Since, there is relation between order of reaction and stoichiometric coefficient of reactant
suggesting the reaction is of complex nature.
In complex reaction, rate is determined by slow step.
But statements are individually correct and rate law is calculated from R.D.S.
Thus, Answer a is correct choice.

13. The temperature dependence of rate constant (k) of a chemical reaction is written in
terms of Arrhenius equation k = Ae−Ea /RT . Activation energy (Ea ) of the reaction can be
calculated by ploting
1 1
(A) log k vs⁡T (B) log 𝑘 vs⁡ (C) k⁡vs⁡T (D) k⁡vs
T log T
Answer : (B)
Solution :
𝐸𝑎
ln⁡ 𝑘 = ln⁡ 𝐴 −
𝑅𝑇
Now converting natural log to base 10 :
𝐸𝑎
log⁡ 𝑘 = log⁡ 𝐴 −
2.303𝑅𝑇
If we plot:
1
log 𝑘 (y − axis)⁡vs⁡ (𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠)
𝑇
The graph will be a straight line
𝐸𝑎
Slope = −
2.303𝑅
From slope, we can find activation energy 𝐸𝑎 .

14. The reactions of higher order are rare because

(A) many body collisions involve very high activation energy.
(B) many body collisions have a low probability energy
(C) many body collisions are not energetically favoured
(D) many body collisions can take place only in the gaseous phase.
Answer : (B)
Solution :
Simultaneous collision of many particles in required orientation rarely occur i.e.
probability of such collision is low thus reaction of higher order are rare.

15. The rate constant of a reaction is given by

InK(sec −1 ) = 14.34 − (1.25 × 104 )/T
What will be the energy of activation?
(A) 24.83 Kcal mole (B) 12.42Kcal/mole
(C) 49.96Kcal/mole (D) None
Answer : (A)
Solution :
Comparing given form with Arrhenius equation,
Ea 1
ln K = ln A − ×
R T
Ea
We can get, = 1.25 × 104
R
⇒ Ea = 1.25 × 104 × R
= 1.25 × 104 × 2cal[R = 1.987 ≈ 2cal⁡k/mole]
= 25 Kcal/mole

16. The rates of reactions increase with increase of temperature because

(A) activating energy of the reacting molecules increases
(B) kinetic energy of the product molecules increases
(C) the fraction of the reacting molecules possessing an energy equal to the activation
energy or more increases
(D) the collisions between molecules decrease.
Answer : (C)
Solution :

Shaded portion represent fraction of molecules possessing energy equal to or greater

−𝐸𝑎
than 𝐸𝑎 & rate depends in fraction as 𝐾 = 𝐴𝑐
𝑅𝑇
−Ea
∴K∝ e RT
−𝐸𝑎
as 𝑒 𝑅𝑇 increases i.e. fraction of molecules with energy
equal to or higher increases.
Rate increases.

17. The rate of a chemical reaction doubles for every 10∘ C rise of temperature. If the
temperature is raised by 50∘ C, the rate of the reaction increases by about
(A) 10 times (B) 24 times (C) 32 times (D) 64 times
Answer : (C)
Solution :
50
Rate at 50∘ C
= 210 = 32⁡times.
Rate at T01 C

18. The rate constant of a reaction is 2.5 × 10−2 minutes ⁡−1 . The order of the reaction is
(A) one (B) zero (C) two (D) three
Answer : (A)
Solution :
We can Identify order unit as well.
For zero order reaction, k = R = mole⁡L−1 𝑠 −1
first order reaction, K − s −1 (or⁡time−1 )
second order reaction, K = mole−1 L−1 s −1
third order reaction, K = mole−2 L−1 𝑠 −2
so comparing given unit in question i.e., minutes −1 we can say, order of reaction is 1.

19. In the presence of acid, the initial concentration of cane-sugar was reduced from 0.2
M to 0.1 M in 5 hrs and to 0.05 M in 10 hrs. The reaction must be of
(A) zero order (B) first order (C) second ender (D) fractional order
Answer : (B)
Solution : Concentration is halved in regular interval i.e. 5 hours without showing
dependence on concentration of reactant, so order of reaction is first order.

20. A reaction is of first order when

(A) The amount of product formed increases linearly with time
(B) The rate decreases linearly with time
(C) The rate is linearly related to the concentration of the reactant
(D) The concentration of the reactant decreases linearly with time
Answer : (C)
Solution:
Rate law for first order reaction,
𝑅 = 𝐾[𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡]1
Thus, option C is correct.

21. The half-life of a radioactive isotope is three hours. If the initial mass of the isotope
was 300 gm, the mass which remained undecayed in 18 hours would be…..(Round off to
the Nearest Integer).
Answer : (5)
Solution :
𝑡1 = 3⁡hours
2
1 n
using; Nt = N0 ( ) where n -Number of half-lives
2
Total time 18
= = =6
𝑡1 3
2
⇒ N1 ⁡&⁡N𝑒 can be expressed in terms of mass,
1 6
Nt = 300 × ( )
2
300
=
64
= 4.68 g ≈ 5 g

22. The rate of a reaction decreased by 3.555 tames when the temperature was changed
from 40∘ C to 30∘ C. The activation energy (in KJ⁡mol−1 ) of the reaction is ……… [Take;
R = 8.314J⁡mol−1 K −1 ln 3.555 = 1.268 ]
Answer : (100.00)
Solution :
𝐾
𝐾40°𝐶 = 𝐾: 𝐾30°C =
3.555
𝐸𝛼 1 1
ln⁡(3.555) = { − }
𝑅 303 313
1.268 × 8.314 × 313 × 303
𝐸𝑎 =
10
𝐸𝑎 = 99980.7⁡𝐽⁡/⁡mol .
𝐸𝑎 = 99.98 𝑘𝐽⁡/⁡mol.
𝐸𝑎 = 100 𝑘𝐽⁡/⁡mol
23. If the activation energy of a reaction is 80.9 kJ mol−1 , the fraction of molecules at 700
K, having enough energy to react to form products is 𝑒 −2 . The value of x is ______.
[Use⁡R⁡ = 8.31⁡JK −1 mol−1 ] (Round off to the Nearest Integer).
Answer : (14.00)
Solution:
Fraction of molecules crossing activation energy barrier
Δ
= 𝑒 −𝑘𝑖
53252
= 𝑒 54250 = 𝑒 −188
So 𝑥 = 13.8 ≈ 14

24. A reaction has a half life of 1 min. the time required for 99.9% completion of the
reaction is ……… min. (Round off to the Nearest Integer).
[Use: ln 2 = 0.69; ln 10 = 2.3]
Answer : (10.00)
Solution :
t 99.9% =?
= 10 × t1/2 = 10 min
Derivation
1 100 1
t 99.9% = ln⁡ { }= ln⁡(1000)
K 0.1 K
3 (t1/2 )
= ln⁡(10) = 3 × ln⁡(10)
K ln⁡(2)
ln(10) 3 3
= 3 × (1 min) × = = = 10 min
ln(2) log(2) 0.3

25. The following data was obtained for ehemical reaction given below at 975 K.
2NO(g) + 2H2(g) → N2(g) + 2H2 O(g)
[NO] [H2 ] Rate
−1 −1
Mol L⁡ Mol L⁡ Mol L⁡−1 s ⁡−1
(a) 8 × 108 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ 8 × 10−5 ⁡ 7 × 10−9
(b) 24 × 105 8 × 10−5 2.1 × 104
(c) 24 × 10−5 32 × 10−5 8.4 × 10−4
The order of the reaction with respect to NO is _____
[lnteger answer]
Answer : (1.00)
Solution :
In experiments (a) and (b) [H2 ] is the same and [NO] is increased three times. The rate of
the reaction is also increasing three times. Thus, the order with respect to NO is 1.
 Sub - Maths
Topic – Vector Algebra, Applications of vector algebra

1. If 𝑎 = 𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 2𝑘 and 𝑏 = 3𝑖 + 6𝑗 + 2𝑘, then a vector in the direction

of 𝑎 and having magnitude as |𝑏| is
7
(A) 7(𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘) (B) (𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 2𝑘)
3
7
(C) (𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 2𝑘) (D) None of these
9
Answer:(B)
Solution:
𝑖+2𝑗+2𝑘 7
|𝑏|𝑎ˆ = √9 + 36 + 4 ( ) = 3 (𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 2𝑘).
√ 1+4+4

2. If 𝐶 is the middle point of 𝐴𝐵 and 𝑃 is any point outside 𝐴𝐵, then

(A) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑃𝐵 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝐴 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑃𝐶 (B) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑃𝐶
𝑃𝐴 + 𝑃𝐵
(C) 𝑃𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑃𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑃𝐶⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 0 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑃𝐵
(D) 𝑃𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 0
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 2𝑃𝐶
Answer:(B)
Solution:
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝐴 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑃𝐵 = (𝑃𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐴𝐶⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) + (𝑃𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 ) − (𝐴𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 )
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑃𝐶
= 𝑃𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − (𝐴𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝐶𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) = 2𝑃𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 0,
∴ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝐴 + 𝑃𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑃𝐶⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .

𝑥+2 𝑦+1 𝑧
3. Perpendicular are drawn from points on the line = = to the
2 −1 3
plane 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3. The feet of perpendiculars lie on the line
 𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2 𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
(A) = = (B) = =
5 8 −13 2 3 −5
𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2 𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
(C) = = (D) = =
4 3 −7 2 −7 5
Answer:(D)
Solution:
𝑥+2 𝑦+1 𝑧
Any point on line = = =𝜆
2 −1 3
Let any two points on this line are
𝐴(−2, −1,0), 𝐵(0, −2,3) Put (𝜆 = 0,1)
Let foot of perpendicular from 𝐴(−2, −1,0) on plane is (𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾)
𝛼+2 𝛽+1 𝛽−0
⇒ = = = 𝜇 (say)
1 1 1
Also, 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = 3
⇒ 𝜇−2+𝜇−1+𝜇 =3⇒𝜇 =2
⇒ 𝑀(0,1,2)
2 −4 11
Similarly foot of perpendicular from 𝐵(0, −2,3) on plane is 𝑁 ( , , )
3 3 3
𝑥−0 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
So, equation of 𝑀𝑁 is 2 = −7 = 5 .
3 3 3

𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−2 𝑦−4 𝑧−5

4. Let 𝐿1 : = = and 𝐿2 : = = be two lines. Then
2 3 4 3 4 5
which of the following points lies on the line of the shortest distance
between 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 ?
5 1
(A) (− , −7,1) (B) (2,3, )
3 3
8 1 14 22
(C) ( , −1, ) (D) ( , −3, )
3 3 3 3
Answer:(D)
Solution:
image
𝑃(2𝜆 + 1,3𝜆 + 2,4𝜆 + 3) on 𝐿1
𝑄(3𝜇 + 2,4𝜇 + 4,5𝜇 + 5) on 𝐿2
Dr's of 𝑃𝑄 = 3𝜇 − 2𝜆 + 1,4𝜇 − 3𝜆 + 2,5𝜇 − 4𝜆 + 2
𝑃𝑄 ⊥ 𝐿1
⇒ (3𝜇 − 2𝜆 + 1)2 + (4𝜇 − 3𝜆 + 2)3 + (5𝜇 − 4𝜆 +
2) 4 = 0
38𝜇 − 29𝜆 + 16 = 0
𝑃𝑄 ⊥ 𝐿2
⇒ (3𝜇 − 2𝜆 + 1)3 + (4𝜇 − 3𝜆 + 2)4 + (5𝜇 − 4𝜆 +
2) 5 = 0
50𝜇 − 38𝜆 + 21 = 0
By (1)&(2)
1 −1
𝜆 = ;𝜇 =
3 6
5 13 3 10 25
∴ 𝑃 ( , 3, ) &𝑄 ( , , )
3 3 2 3 6
Line 𝑃𝑄
5
𝑥− 𝑦−3
3
1 −1
6 3
5 13
𝑥− 𝑦 − 3 𝑧−
3= = 3
1 −2 1
14 22
Point ( , −3, )
3 3
lies on the line 𝑃𝑄

𝑥−1 𝑦+2 𝑧+3

5. The perpendicular distance, of the line = = from the point
2 −1 2
𝑃(2, −10,1), is:
(A) 6 (B) 5√2 (C) 3√5 (D) 4√3
Answer:(C)
Solution:
image
𝑥−1 𝑦+2 𝑧+3
= = = 𝜆 (let)
2 −1 2
(2𝜆 + 1, −𝜆 − 2,2𝜆 − 3)
∵ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝐴 ⋅ 𝑛⃗ = 0
⇒ (2𝜆 − 1)2 + (−𝜆 + 8)(−1) + (2𝜆 − 4)2 = 0
⇒ 4𝜆 − 2 + 𝜆 − 8 + 4𝜆 − 8 = 0
⇒ 9𝜆 − 18 = 0 ⇒ 𝜆 = 2
∴ 𝐴(5, −4,1)
∴ 𝐴𝑃 = √32 + 62 + 02 = √45 = 3√5

6. Let 𝑃 be the foot of the perpendicular from the point 𝑄(10, −3, −1) on
𝑥−3 𝑦−2 𝑧+1
the line = = . Then the area of the right angled triangle 𝑃𝑄𝑅,
7 −1 −2
where 𝑅 is the point (3, −2,1), is
(A) 9√15 (B) √30 (C) 8√15 (D) 3√30
Answer:(D)
Solution:
image
𝑅(3, −2,1)
𝑥−3 𝑦−2 𝑧+1
= = =𝜆
7 −1 −2
⇒ 7𝜆 + 3, −𝜆 + 2, −2𝜆 − 1
𝑑𝑟 's of QP ⇒
7𝜆 − 7, −𝜆 + 5, −2𝜆
Now
(7𝜆 − 7) ⋅ 7 − (−𝜆 + 5) + (2𝜆) ⋅ 2 = 0
54𝜆 − 54 = 0 ⇒ 𝜆 = 1
∴ 𝑃 = (10,1, −3)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −4𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ
𝑃𝑄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −7𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ
𝑃𝑅
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
1
Area = | | 0 −4 2|| = 3√30
2
−7 −3 4

𝑥−2 𝑦−6 𝑧−3

7. The distance of the line = = from the point ( 1,4,0 ) along the
2 3 4
𝑥 𝑦−2 𝑧+3
line = = is:
1 2 3
(A) √17 (B) √14 (C) √15 (D) √13
Answer:(B)
Solution:
Let the parallel line is
𝑥−1 𝑦−4 𝑧−0
= =
1 2 3
so their point of intersection is
(𝜆 + 1,2𝜆 + 43𝜆) = (2𝑡 + 2,3𝑡 + 6,4𝑡 + 3)
𝜆 = 2𝑡 + 1
2𝜆 + 4 = 3𝑡 + 6 ⇒ 𝑡 = 0
so 𝑃𝑂𝐼 is (2,6,3)
so distance = √(2 − 1)2 + (6 − 4)2 + (3 − 0)2 = √14

8. Let the line passing through the points ( −1,2,1 ) and parallel to the line
𝑥−1 𝑦+1 𝑧 𝑥+2 𝑦−3 𝑧−4
= = intersect the line = = at the point 𝑃. Then the
2 3 4 3 2 1
distance of 𝑃 from the point 𝑄(4, −5,1) is:
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 5√6 (D) 5√5
Answer:(D)
Solution:
Equation of line through point ( −1,2,1 ) is → image
𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧−1
⇒ = = − (2) = 𝜆
2 3 4
𝑥 = 2𝜆 − 1
So, [𝑦 = 3𝜆 + 2
𝑧 = 4𝜆 + 1
𝑥+2 𝑦−3 𝑧−4
By (1) → = = = 𝜇( Let )
3 2 1
𝑥 = 3𝜇 − 2
So, [𝑦 = 2𝜇 + 3
𝑧=𝜇+4
For intersection point ' 𝑃 '
𝑥 = 2𝜆 − 1 = 3𝜇 − 2
𝑦 = 3𝜆 + 2 = 2𝜇 + 3 [𝜆 = 1
𝜇 = 1]
𝑧 = 4𝜆 + 1 = 𝜇 + 4
So, point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (1,5,5)
𝑄(4, −5,1)
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = √9 + 100 + 16
= √125 = 5√5

𝑥−1 𝑦+1 𝑧
9. Let 𝑃 be the image of the point 𝑄(7, −2,5) in the line 𝐿: = =
2 3 4
and 𝑅(5, 𝑝, 𝑞) be a point on 𝐿. Then the square of the area of △ 𝑃𝑄𝑅 is
(A) 357 (B) 957 (C) 157 (D) 753
Answer:(B)
Solution:
image
Let 𝑅(2𝜆 + 1,3𝜆 − 1,4𝜆)
2𝜆 + 1 = 5
𝜆=2
𝑅(5,5,8)
let 𝑇(2𝜆 + 1,3𝜆 − 1,4𝜆)
𝑄𝑇 = (2𝜆 − 6)𝑖ˆ + (3𝜆 + 1)𝑗ˆ + (4𝜆 − 5)𝑘ˆ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗ = 0
𝑄𝑇
4𝜆 − 12 + 9𝜆 + 3 + 16𝜆 − 20 = 0
𝜆=1
𝑇(3,2,4)
𝑄𝑇 = √33𝑅𝑇 = √29
2
1 2
( area of △ 𝑃𝑄𝑅) = ( √29 ⋅ 2√33)
2
= 957

𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−1 𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧

10. Let 𝐿1 : = = and 𝐿2 : = = be two lines. Let 𝐿3 be a
1 −1 2 −1 2 1
line passing through the point ( 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 ) and be perpendicular to both 𝐿1 and
𝐿2 . If 𝐿3 intersects 𝐿1 , then |5𝛼 − 11𝛽 − 8𝛾| equals:
(A) 18 (B) 16 (C) 25 (D) 20
Answer:(C)
Solution:
𝑖ˆ 𝑗ˆ 𝑘ˆ
DR's of 𝐿3 = 𝑚 ⃗⃗ × 𝑛⃗ = | 1 −1 2|
−1 2 1
= −5𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 𝑘 ˆ
𝑥−𝛼 𝑦−𝛽 𝑧−𝛾
𝐿3 : = = =𝜆
−5 −3 1
𝐴(𝛼 − 5𝜆, 𝛽 − 3𝜆, 𝛾 + 𝜆)
 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−1
𝐿1 : = = =𝑘
1 −1 2
𝐵(𝑘 + 1, −𝑘 + 2,2𝑘 + 1)
Now
𝛼 − 5𝜆 = 𝑘 + 1 ⇒ 𝛼 = 5𝜆 + 𝑘 + 1
𝛽 − 3𝜆 = −𝑘 + 2 ⇒ 𝛽 = 3𝜆 − 𝑘 + 2
𝛾 + 𝜆 = 2𝑘 − 1 ⇒ 𝛾 = −𝜆 + 2𝑘 + 1
|5𝛼 − 11𝛽 − 8𝛾| = | − 25|
= 25

11. Let a line passing through the point ( 4,1,0 ) intersect the line
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
𝐿1 ; = = at the point 𝐴(𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾) and the line 𝐿2 : 𝑥 − 6 = 𝑦 =
2 3 4
1 0 1
−𝑧 + 4 at the point 𝐵(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐). Then |𝛼 𝛽 𝛾 | is equal to
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(A) 8 (B) 16 (C) 12 (D) 6
Answer:(A)
Solution:
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
𝐿1 = = = =𝑝
2 3 4
𝑥−6 𝑦 𝑧−4
𝐿2 = = = =𝑞
1 1 −1
𝐴(2𝑝 + 1,3𝑝 + 2,4𝑝 + 3)
𝐵(𝑞 + 6, 𝑞, 4 − 𝑞)
D.R. of 𝑃𝐴 = 2𝑝 − 3,3𝑃 + 1,4𝑝 + 3
D.R. of 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑞 + 2, 𝑞 − 1,4 − 𝑞
2𝑝 − 3 3𝑝 + 1 4𝑝 + 3
= =
𝑞+2 𝑞−1 4−𝑞
2𝑝𝑞 − 2𝑝 − 3𝑞 + 3 = 3𝑝𝑞 + 6𝑝 + 𝑞 + 2
𝑝𝑞 + 𝑟𝑝 + 4𝑞 − 1 = 0 … (1)
12𝑝 − 3𝑝𝑞 + 4 − 𝑞 = 4𝑝𝑞 + 3𝑞 − 4𝑝 − 3
7𝑝𝑞 − 16𝑝 + 4𝑞 − 7 = 0 … (2)
8𝑝 − 2𝑝𝑞 − 12 + 3𝑞 = 4𝑝𝑞 + 8𝑝 + 3𝑞 + 6
6𝑝𝑞 = −18 ∴ 𝑝𝑞 = −3
8𝑝 + 4𝑞 = 4 ⇒ 2𝑝 + 𝑞 = 1
−21 − 16𝑝 + 4𝑞 − 7 ⇒ 4𝑝 − 𝑞 = −7
16𝑝 − 4𝑞 = −28 ∴ 𝑝 = −1, 𝑞 = 3
𝐴(−1, −1, −1)𝐵(9,3,1)
1 0 1 0 −1 0
|−1 −1 −1| |−1 −1 −1| = 1(−1 + 9) = 8
=
9 3 1 9 3 1

12. Line 𝐿1 passes through the point ( 1,2,3 ) and is parallel to 𝑧-axis. Line
𝐿2 passes through the point ( 𝜆, 5,6 ) and is parallel to 𝑦-axis. Let for 𝜆 =
𝜆1 , 𝜆2 , 𝜆2 < 𝜆1 , the shortest distance between the two lines be 3. Then the
square of the distance of the point ( 𝜆1 , 𝜆2 , 7 ) from the line 𝐿1 is
(A) 40 (B) 32 (C) 25 (D) 37
Answer:(C)
Solution:
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
𝐿1 ≡ = =
0 0 1
𝑥−𝜆 𝑦−5 𝑧−6
𝐿2 ≡ = =
0 1 0
𝜆−1 3 3
| 0 0 1|
𝑆𝐷 = 0 1 0
𝑖ˆ 𝑗ˆ 𝑘ˆ
|0 0 1 |
0 1 0
= |𝜆 − 1| = 3
𝜆 = 4, −2
𝜆1 = 4
𝜆2 = −2
Let foot of perpendicular from
𝑃(4, −2,7) is 𝑄(1,2, 𝑡 + 3)
So(3, −4,4 − 𝑡) ⋅ (0,0,1) = 0
𝑡=4
𝑆𝑜𝑄(1,2,7)
𝑃𝑄2 = 9 + 16
𝑃𝑄2 = 25

13. Each of the angles 𝛽 and 𝛾 that a given line makes with the positive 𝑦 -
and 𝑧-axes, respectively, is half of the angle that this line makes with the
positive 𝑥-axes. Then the sum of all possible values of the angle 𝛽 is
3𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
(A) (B) 𝜋 (C) (D)
4 2 2
Answer:(A)
Solution:
𝛼 𝛼
𝛽 = ,𝛾 =
2 2
cos 𝛼 + cos 2 𝛽 + cos 2 𝛾 = 1
2
𝛼
cos 2 𝛼 + 2cos 2 = 1
2
2
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛼 = 0
cos 𝛼(cos 𝛼 + 1) = 0
cos 𝛼 = 0, −1
𝜋
𝛼 = ,𝜋
2
𝛼 𝜋 𝜋
Now 𝛽 = ⇒ ,
2 4 2
3𝜋
so sum is
4

𝑥−3 𝑦−𝛼 𝑧−3 𝑥+3

14. Let the shortest distance between the lines = = and =
3 −1 1 −3
𝑦+7 𝑧−𝛽
= be 3√30. Then the positive value of 5𝛼 + 𝛽 is
2 4
(A) 42 (B) 46 (C) 48 (D) 40
Answer:(B)
Solution:
𝐴(3, 𝛼, 3)𝐵(−3, −7, 𝛽)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 6𝑖ˆ + (𝛼 + 7)𝑗ˆ + (3 − 𝛽)𝑘ˆ
𝐵𝐴
𝑖ˆ 𝑗ˆ 𝑘ˆ
𝑝 × 𝑞 = | 3 −1 1|
−3 2 4
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅ (𝑝 × 𝑞 )|
|𝐵𝐴
= 3√30
|𝑝 × 𝑞 |
36 + 15(𝛼 + 7) − 3(3 − 𝛽) = (3√30)2
36 + 15𝛼 + 105 − 9 + 3𝛽 = 270
15𝛼 + 3𝛽 = 138
5𝛼 + 𝛽 = 46

𝑥−7 𝑦−5 𝑧−3

15. Let 𝐴 be the point of intersection of the lines 𝐿1 : = = and
1 0 −1
𝑥−1 𝑦+3 𝑧+7
𝐿2 : = = . Let 𝐵 and 𝐶 be the point on the lines 𝐿1 and 𝐿2
3 4 5
respectively such that 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 = √15. Then the square of the area of the
triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is:
(A) 54 (B) 63 (C) 57 (D) 60
Answer:(A)
Solution:
Angle between both lines
3+0−5
cos 𝜃 = | |
√2√50
2 1
sin 𝜃 = =
10 5
√24
sin 𝜃 =
5
1
area = 𝑎𝑏sin 𝜃
2
1 √24
√15√15
2 5
 15.15.24
square of area
4.25

1
16. If the equation of the line passing through the point ( 0, − , 0 ) and
2
perpendicular to the lines 𝑟 = 𝜆(𝑖ˆ + 𝑎𝑗ˆ + 𝑏𝑘ˆ) and 𝑟 = (𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ − 6𝑘ˆ) +
𝑥−1 𝑦+4 𝑧−𝑐
𝜇(−𝑏𝑖ˆ + 𝑎𝑗ˆ + 5𝑘ˆ ) is = = , then 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 is equal to:
−2 𝑑 −4
(A) 10 (B) 14 (C) 13 (D) 12
Answer:(B)
Solution:
Sol. Line is ⊥𝑟 to 2 line ⇒ line will be parallel to
(𝑖 + 𝑎𝑗ˆ + 𝑏𝑘ˆ) × (−𝑏𝑖ˆ + 𝑎𝑗ˆ + 5𝑘ˆ)
Parallel vector along the required line is
𝑖ˆ(5𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏) − 𝑗ˆ(𝑏 2 + 5) + 𝑘ˆ(𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏)
Dr's of required line 𝛼(5𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏), −(𝑏 2 + 5), (𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏)
Also Dr's of required line 𝛼 − 2, 𝑑, −4
5𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏 −(𝑏 2 + 5) 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏
∴ = =
−2 𝑑 −4
−1 𝑥−1 𝑦+4 𝑧−𝑐
Also point ( 0, , 0 ) will lie on = =
2 −2 𝑑 −4
−1
0−1 +4 0−𝑐
= 2 = ⇒ 𝑑 = 7, 𝑐 = 2
−2 𝑑 −4
5𝑎−𝑎𝑏 −𝑏2 −5 𝑎+𝑎𝑏
From (1) = =
−2 7 −4
2
5𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 −𝑏 − 5 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏
= ; =
−2 −4 7 −4
−20𝑎 + 4𝑎𝑏 = −2𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑏
18𝑎 = 6𝑎𝑏
𝑏=3
4𝑏 2 + 20 = 70 + 7𝑎𝑏
36 + 20 = 70 + 21𝑎
56 = 28𝑎 ⇒ 𝑎 = 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 2 + 3 + 2 + 7 = 14

𝜋
17. Let 𝑎 and 𝑏⃗ be two-unit vectors such that the angle between them is . If
3
𝜆𝑎 + 2𝑏⃗ and 3𝑎 − 𝜆𝑏⃗ are perpendicular to each other, then the number of
values of 𝜆 in [−1,3] is:
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0
Answer:(D)
Solution:
1
𝑎ˆ ⋅ 𝑏ˆ =
2
Now (𝜆𝑎ˆ + 2𝑏ˆ) ⋅ (3𝑎ˆ − 𝜆𝑏ˆ) = 0
3𝜆𝑎𝑎ˆ ⋅ 𝑎ˆ − 𝜆2 𝑎ˆ ⋅ 𝑏ˆ + 6𝑎ˆ ⋅ 𝑏ˆ − 2𝜆𝑏ˆ ⋅ 𝑏ˆ = 0
𝜆2
3𝜆 − + 3 − 2𝜆 = 0
2
2
𝜆 − 2𝜆 − 6 = 0
𝜆 = 1 ± √7
⇒ number of values = 0

18. Let the position vectors of the vertices 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 of a tetrahedron 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
be 𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ, 𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ and 2𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ respectively. The altitude from the
vertex 𝐷 to the opposite face 𝐴𝐵𝐶 meets the median line segment through 𝐴
√110
of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 at the point 𝐸. If the length of 𝐴𝐷 is and the volume
3
√805
of the tetrahedron is , then the position vector of 𝐸 is
6 √2
1 1
(A) (𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ + 7𝑘ˆ ) (B) (7𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ)
2 12
1 1
(C) (12𝑖ˆ + 12𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ) (D) (7𝑖ˆ + 12𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ)
6 6
Answer:(D)
Solution:
image
1
Area of △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = |𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐴𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
2
1 1
= |5𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ| = √35
2 2
volume of tetrahedron
1 √805
= × Base area × ℎ =
3 6 √2
1 1 √805
× √35 × ℎ =
3 2 6√2
23
ℎ=√
2

13 13
𝐴𝐸 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐷𝐸 2 = ∴ 𝐴𝐸 = √
18 18
𝑖ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐸 = |𝐴𝐸| ⋅ ( )
√26
13 𝑖ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ
=√ ⋅( )
18 √26

13 𝑖ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ 𝑖ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ
=√ ⋅( )=
18 √26 6
𝑖ˆ−5𝑘ˆ 1
P.V. of 𝐸 = + 𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ = (7𝑖ˆ + 12𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ)
6 6
19. Let 𝑎 = 3𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ, 𝑏⃗ = 𝑎 × (𝑖ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ ) and 𝑐 = 𝑏⃗ × 𝑘ˆ. Then the
projection of 𝑐 − 2𝑗ˆ on 𝑎 is:
(A) 3√7 (B) √14 (C) 2√14 (D) 2√7
Answer:(C)
Solution:
𝑏⃗ = 𝑎 × (𝑖ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ)
𝑖ˆ 𝑗ˆ 𝑘ˆ
= |3 −1 2 | = 2𝑖ˆ + 8𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ
1 0 −2
𝑐 = 𝑏⃗ × 𝑘ˆ = 8𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ
𝑐 − 2𝑗ˆ = 8𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ
Projection of (𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ) on 𝑎
⟨8, −4,0⟩ ⋅ ⟨3, −1,2⟩
(𝑐 − 2𝑗ˆ) ⋅ 𝑎ˆ =
√14
28
= = 2√14
√14

20. Let 𝑎 = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ, 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ, 𝑐 = 𝜆𝑗ˆ + 𝜇𝑘ˆ and 𝑑ˆ be a unit vector
such that 𝑎 × 𝑑ˆ = 𝑏⃗ × 𝑑ˆ and 𝑐 ⋅ 𝑑ˆ = 1, If 𝑐 is perpendicular to 𝑎, then
|3𝜆𝑑ˆ + 𝜇𝑐 |2 is equal to_________.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 4
Answer:(C)
Solution:
𝑎 × 𝑑 − 𝑏⃗ × 𝑑 = 0
(𝑎 − 𝑏⃗) × 𝑑 = 0
𝑑 = 𝑡(𝑎 − 𝑏⃗)
𝑑 = 𝑡(−2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ)
|𝑑 | = 1
1
|𝑡| =
3
𝑐⋅𝑎 =0
𝜆+𝜇 =0
𝜇 = −𝜆
𝑐 = 𝜆(𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ), |𝑐 |2 = 2𝜆2
𝑐 ⋅ 𝑑ˆ = 1
t(−2, −1,2) ⋅ 𝜆(0,1, −1) = 1
−1
𝜆𝑡 = ⇒ 𝜆2 = 1
3
|3𝜆𝑑ˆ + 𝜇𝑐 |2 = 9𝜆2 |𝑑ˆ|2 + 𝜇2 |𝑐 |2 + 6𝜆𝜇(𝑑ˆ ⋅ 𝑐 )
= 3𝜆2 + 2𝜆4
=5

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS 21-25

21. If 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 be three non-zero vectors, no two of which are collinear. If

the vector 𝑎 + 2𝑏 is collinear with 𝑐 and 𝑏 + 3𝑐 is collinear with a, then ( 𝜆
being some non-zero scalar) 𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 6𝑐 is equal to
Answer:(0)
Solution:
(d) Let 𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 𝑥𝑐 and 𝑏 + 3𝑐 = 𝑦𝑎, then 𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 6𝑐 = (𝑥 + 6)𝑐 and
𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 6𝑐 = (1 + 2𝑦)𝑎
So, (𝑥 + 6)𝑐 = (1 + 2𝑦)𝑎
Since 𝑎 and 𝑐 are non-zero and non-collinear, we have 𝑥 + 6 = 0 and 1 +
1
2𝑦 = 0 i.e., 𝑥 = −6 and 𝑦 = − . In either case, we have 𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 6𝑐 = 0.
2

𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3

22. If the square of the shortest distance between the lines = =
1 2 −3
𝑥+1 𝑦+3 𝑧+5 𝑚
and = = is , where 𝑚, 𝑛 are coprime numbers, then 𝑚 + 𝑛 is
2 4 −5 𝑛
equal to:
Answer:(9)
Solution:
𝑎 = (2,1, −3)
𝑏⃗ = (−1, −3, −5)
𝑖ˆ 𝑗ˆ 𝑘ˆ
𝑝 × 𝑞 = |1 2 −3|
2 4 −5
= 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ
𝑏⃗ − 𝑎 = −3𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ
|(𝑏⃗ − 𝑎) ⋅ (𝑝 × 𝑞 )|
𝑆𝑑 = −
|𝑝 × 𝑞 |
2
=
√5
4
(𝑆𝑑 )2 =
5
𝑚 = 4, 𝑛 = 5 ⇒ 𝑚 + 𝑛 = 9
23. Let in a △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶, the length of the side 𝐴𝐶 be 6, the vertex 𝐵 be ( 1,2,3 )
𝑥−6 𝑦−7 𝑧−7
and the vertices 𝐴, 𝐶 lie on the line = = . Then the area (in sq.
3 2 −2
units) of △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is
Answer:(21)
Solution:
image
Let 𝑀(3𝜆 + 6,2𝜆 + 7, −2𝜆 + 7)
𝐵𝑀 = (3𝜆 + 5)𝑖ˆ + (2𝜆 + 5)𝑗ˆ + (−2𝜆 + 4)𝑘ˆ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝑀 = 0 = 3(3𝜆 + 5) + 2(2𝜆 + 5) − 2(−2𝜆 + 4)
𝐵𝑀 = 2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 6𝑘ˆ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 7
∣ 𝐵𝑀
1
Area = × 6 × 7 = 21
2
Option (2)

24. Let 𝑎 = 2𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 𝑘, 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 5𝑘 and a vector 𝑐 be such that (𝑎 −
𝑐 ) × 𝑏⃗ = −18𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 12𝑘 and 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑐 = 3. If 𝑏⃗ × 𝑐 = 𝑑, then |𝑎 ⋅ 𝑑 | is equal
to:
Answer:(15)
Solution:
𝑎 = 2𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ, 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 5𝑘ˆ
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
⃗
𝑎 × 𝑏 = |2 −3 1|
3 2 5
= −17𝑖ˆ − 7𝑗ˆ + 13𝑘ˆ
(𝑎 − 𝑐 ) × 𝑏⃗ = −18𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗 + 12𝑘ˆ
⇒ (𝑎 × 𝑏⃗) − (𝑐 × 𝑏⃗) = −18𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 12𝑘ˆ
⇒ 𝑏⃗ × 𝑐 = (−18𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 12𝑘ˆ) − (𝑎 × 𝑏⃗)
= (−18𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 12𝑘ˆ) − (−17𝑖 − 7𝑗ˆ + 13𝑘ˆ)
𝑏⃗ × 𝑐 = −𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ
∴ 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑑 = 𝑎 ⋅ (𝑏⃗ × 𝑐 ) = (2𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 𝑘) ⋅ (−𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ)
= −2 − 12 − 1 = −15
∴ |𝑎 ⋅ 𝑑 | = 15

25. Let 𝑎 = 𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ, 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ , 𝑐 = 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ and 𝑑 be a vector
such that 𝑏⃗ × 𝑑 = 𝑐 × 𝑑 and 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑑 = 4. Then |(𝑎 × 𝑑 )|2 is equal to
Answer:(128)
Solution:
𝑏⃗ × 𝑑 = 𝑐 × 𝑑 -and 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑑 = 4
⇒ 𝑑 = 𝜆(𝑏⃗ − 𝑐 ) = 𝜆(𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ)
∵ 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑑 = 4 ⇒ 𝜆 = −2
Also. |𝑎 × 𝑑 |2 + |𝑎 ⋅ 𝑑 |2 = |𝑎|2 |𝑑 |2
⇒ |𝑎 × 𝑑 |2 = 6 × 4 × 6 − 16 = 128