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SECOND EDITION
4
SERIES EDITORS
JoAnn (Jodi) Crandall
Joan Kang Shin
AUTHORS
Thomas Fast
Karen Haller Beer
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Printed in China
Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2024
ON THE COVER
People canoe through a national park in Bulgaria. Over
36 percent of Bulgaria is forested, and the country has
3 national parks, 11 nature parks, and 55 nature reserves
that range from the tallest mountains on the Balkan
Peninsula to the sands of the Black Sea.
© valio84sl/Getty Images
SCOPE AND SEQUENCE
1 2 3 4
Pushing the It Takes a Food Matters The Footprint
Limits Village p. 44 of Fun
p. 8 p. 26 p. 62
THEME
Pushing mental and physical Humanitarianism and Food sustainability The environmental impact of
limits crowdsourcing entertainment
VOCABULARY Prefix un- Suffixes -ion, -tion Suffix -ful Prefix pro-
STRATEGIES Use a dictionary Identify parts of speech Use context Use visuals to guess meaning
Showing interest in a Making suggestions and Offering advice and accepting Defending your opinion
SPEAKING
conversation agreeing or disagreeing or declining advice Demonstrating sensitivity to
Demonstrating curiosity Seeking compromise Showing respect for others different viewpoints
Embedded clauses, Future tenses: Describing Mixed conditionals: Passives: Describing actions
questions, and commands events in the future Expressing how things would and processes
I think extreme sports are Over the next few years, be different What has been done by
dangerous. people will look online to If I hadn’t learned about musicians to reduce their
Adding emphasis find volunteers to help with overfishing, I would still be ecological footprint?
GRAMMAR The reason (why) I won’t go disaster relief. eating tuna. Verbs followed by gerunds or
surfing is that I don’t like Quantifiers: Expressing Double comparatives: infinitives
swimming in the ocean. amounts Describing outcomes Most water parks want to
Over half of/fifty percent of The more people there are in use less water./How can
the world’s population is the world, the more food we they avoid wasting water?
under thirty. need to produce.
No Limits Teen Changemakers Farming in a Changing Climate Game Over
READING Strategy: Summarize Strategy: Identify text features Strategy: Use prior knowledge Strategy: Identify author’s
purpose
VIDEO A Tribute to Discomfort Mapping for Good Should We Eat More Bugs? The Footprint of Fans
Genre: Biography Genre: Persuasive essay Genre: Review Genre: Problem and solution
essay
WRITING Focus: Identify chronological Focus: Express point of view Focus: Use facts and opinions
order to review Focus: Use facts and personal
reflection
Test Your Limits Do Your Part Know Your Food Reduce Your Footprint
MISSION National Geographic National Geographic Young National Geographic Explorer: National Geographic
Photography Fellow: Cory Explorer: Ana Luísa Teixeira, Barton Seaver, Ambassador to the Arts:
Richards, Photojournalist Geographer Chef/Conservationist Jack Johnson, Musician
Good Health and Well-being; Reduced Inequalities; Zero Hunger; Responsible Affordable and Clean Energy;
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Quality Education; Reduced Sustainable Cities and Consumption and Production; Sustainable Cities and
GOALS Inequalities Communities; Peace, Justice, Life Below Water Communities; Climate Action
and Strong Institutions
Genre: Realistic fiction Genre: Comic strip Genre: Food blog Genre: Invitation
Josie Takes a Risk The Adventures of Crisis Connecting to My Culture with Reduce, Reuse, Recycle,
LITERACY
Crusher Arepas Rock!
BUILDER Strategy: Create closure
Strategy: Summarize and retell Strategy: Identify steps in a Strategy: Engage the audience
process
4
5 6 7 8
Why We Explore Giants Creative Art Connections
p. 80 p. 98 Problem-Solving p. 134
p. 116
THEME
Why it’s important to explore Giant plants and animals of Problems and how people Art and our connection to it
the past and present creatively solve them
VOCABULARY Prefix en- Synonyms and antonyms Latin roots (flex) Suffixes -ic, -ive
STRATEGIES Use pronunciation Use word parts Identify synonyms Identify collocations
Hesitating when answering Speculating Asking someone to defend Interpreting and expressing
SPEAKING
questions Asking why someone thinks an opinion understanding
Linking feelings, values, and something Reflective listening Avoiding misinterpretations
thoughts
Narrative tenses: Telling a Relative clauses: Defining Wish and if only: Expressing Reported speech: Describing
story and describing wishes and regrets what others say
Barrington Irving had been Megalodon, which was a I wish I were at the STEM fair He said that art should
preparing to become a pilot fierce predator, was able to right now. reflect the world we live in.
since he was 15. catch the largest whales. Adverbs: Expressing different Two- and three-word verbs
GRAMMAR Geographic use of the Reduction of relative clauses levels of intensity Artists want to draw in their
The Yangtze is the longest My brother, (who is) Inventor Emma Yang is so viewers.
river in Asia. a filmmaker, created clever. But she is rather shy. A true artist comes up with
a documentary about unique ways to express
manta rays. herself.
The Explorer Gene Discovering Spinosaurus Combatting Climate Change, Microscopic Marvels
One Idea at a Time
READING Strategy: Connect to personal Strategy: Make inferences Strategy: Ask questions
experience Strategy: Identify Problem and
Solution
VIDEO Why Is It Important to Explore? Super Tree Sanga’s Solution Exploring Ourselves Through Art
Genre: Compare and contrast Genre: News report Genre: Exemplification essay Genre: Art review
essay Focus: Include answers to the Focus: Use relevant examples Focus: Answer key questions to
WRITING
Focus: Use transitions to 5 Ws and How to explain a topic provide facts and opinions
compare and contrast
Take Action Make Big Plans Don’t Give Up Connect Through Art
MISSION National Geographic Explorer: National Geographic Explorer: National Geographic National Geographic
Christine Wilkinson, Nizar Ibrahim, Paleontologist Explorer: Tan Le, Innovator/ Photographer: Stephen
Conservation Biologist Entrepreneur Alvarez
Quality Education; Life on Land Life Below Water; Life on Land Good Health and Well-being; Reduced Inequalities;
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Industry, Innovation, and Responsible Consumption and
GOALS Infrastructure; Reduced Production
Inequalities
Genre: Biography Genre: Adventure fiction Genre: Essay Genre: Free-verse poem
Wayfinding: Keeping A Journey to the Center of the Droidganizer Wildflower Wake-Up
LITERACY
Traditional Navigation Alive Earth Strategy: Support claims Strategy: Use figurative
BUILDER
Strategy: Analyze cause and Strategy: Identify and use language
effect descriptive language
5
MEET THE EXPLORERS
Unit 1 Unit 2
CORY RICHARDS Photojournalist ANA LUÍSA TEIXEIRA Geographer
Cory Richards takes pictures all over the world. He uses these Ana Luísa Teixeira and her team are helping to put
photos to tell stories about people and places around the communities on the map, literally. She is a geographer who
world. He’s been to all seven continents, climbed some of documents and collaborates with traditional communities
the tallest mountains on Earth, and hiked in below-freezing in the Amazon rainforest in order to map remote areas and
temperatures. Cory has overcome extreme obstacles and has bring awareness to the issues these communities face.
pushed himself to his limit. He doesn’t mind being out of his The data she collects is helping remove these communities
comfort zone. Do you? from geographic invisibility and empowering them to
maintain rights to their land.
Unit 3 Unit 4
BARTON SEAVER Chef/Conservationist JACK JOHNSON Musician
Barton Seaver wants you to think about what you eat. As a Jack Johnson is a musician, surfer, and environmentalist.
chef and conservationist, Barton has traveled all over the He uses his music to promote sustainability and
world to cook and eat different foods. He likes to learn about conservation. Jack travels to his concerts in biofuel buses
people and cultures through food. Now he works to raise and promotes sustainable local food at his shows. Jack
awareness about healthy eating and seafood sustainability. proves that being green and having fun can go hand-in-
hand. What do you like to do for “green fun”?
6
Unit 5 Unit 6
CHRISTINE WILKINSON Conservation Biologist NIZAR IBRAHIM Paleontologist
Christine Wilkinson is a conservation biologist, carnivore Nizar Ibrahim is German/Moroccan and as a kid in
ecologist, and science communicator. In her work, she uses Germany, he wanted to learn about dinosaurs. He’s lucky
mapping, ecological research, and community outreach because now that’s his job as he searches for dinosaurs in
to look at human-wildlife conflict. By working with local Morocco. He decided to hunt for dinosaurs there because
communities, Christine is able to engage with the people very little research has been done in the Sahara Desert.
closest to the issues. She sees these local perspectives as Imagine how excited he was to find fossils of a prehistoric
a necessary step in overcoming conservation challenges and giant, Spinosaurus.
finding solutions that benefit both people and animals.
Unit 7 Unit 8
TAN LE Innovator/Entrepreneur STEPHEN ALVAREZ Photographer
Have you ever wanted to be able to move objects with your Photographer Stephen Alvarez believes art has the power
mind? Tan Le created a portable brain scanner that can do to connect people across time and distance—even
just that! It also helps doctors better understand the healthy from the prehistoric world to people today. In 2014, he
human brain. Tan went through a long process of trial and photographed ancient art in the Chauvet-Pont-d’Arc cave
error before her brain scanner worked, which taught her that in France. These paintings were made 36,000 years ago!
failure is a step toward success. Stephen felt very connected to the ancient artists that
created them. Does art help you connect with others?
7
1 Pushing the
Limits
8
Free-climbing
the Dawn Wall in
Yosemite National
Park, US
We have to learn how far
we can go.
—Cory Richards
1. Look at the climber. What are
some of the risks he faces? Why
would he take these risks?
2. Read the quote. What does Cory
Richards mean with the phrase
“how far we can go”?
3. Think about the title, the quote,
and the photo. What types of
activities do you think you’ll
learn about in this unit?
4. Do you do things that challenge
your body or mind? How can
pushing your limits change you?
9
VOCABULARY
1 Look at the photos. How do you think each person is feeling?
Discuss. Then listen and read. 1.1
Have you ever pushed yourself to your The same is true for big-wave surfers.
limit? Do you know anyone who has? Do you Animals such as sharks and jellyfish pose
ever wonder what can be gained by climbing a serious risks to surfers. Another obstacle
tall cliff—or jumping off it? Why do something that surfers must overcome is the force of
that causes the body pain? the water. In the photo on the right, surfer
Kai Lenny is riding a big wave at the Nazaré
People can really be changed by pushing
Challenge in Portugal. Nazaré is known for
themselves. These experiences teach
its giant waves. So how can people do such
determination. Often, the desire to achieve
amazing things? “Once you know how to tap
our goal enables us to take risks. Many
into fear, you can use it to do things you never
people take mild risks. Some feel a need to
thought were possible,” says Kai.
reach the unreachable.
Athletes who participate in the Marathon
Extreme athletes test their own mental
des Sables, or MdS, need to have incredible
and physical boundaries. In most traditional
strength. In this desert marathon,
sports, athletes compete against one another.
participants must cross a distance of
But in some extreme sports, the biggest
approximately 250 km (155 mi.) over five or
opponent is nature.
six days. The event takes place in the Sahara
In the photo below, professional climber Desert, where temperatures can reach more
Angelika Rainer is ice climbing at the Ouray than 50°C (122°F). It’s no wonder that the MdS is
Ice Festival Elite Mixed Climbing Competition considered the toughest race on Earth!
in Ouray, Colorado, US. Ice climbing can be
The athletes in these photos are role
dangerous, since climbers can’t be sure how
models for anyone seeking adventure. Do they
solid the ice is, and they are often climbing
inspire you to push your own limits?
in very cold temperatures. But for extreme
athletes like Rainer, risk is just part of the job.
Angelika Rainer ice climbing The Marathon des Sables desert marathon
10 Vocabulary
2 LEARN NEW WORDS. Listen and repeat. 1.2
3 Work in pairs. Choose four new words each. Give
examples of how these words relate to your life.
I want to overcome
my fear of heights. I push myself when I go skiing.
4 Work in pairs. Which of these sports, if any,
would you try? How would it push your mental
and physical limits? What are the risks?
Kai Lenny surfing at the
Nazaré Challenge, Portugal
Vocabulary 11
5 Read and write the words from the list. Make any necessary changes.
determination mental obstacle opponent overcome
pain physical push himself role model tough
Photographer and adventurer Cory Richards is used to difficult conditions. Cory
has many difficult to
bring us some incredible outdoor action photography. Cory believes that pushing his
and limits helps him to better
connect with himself and with the world.
In 2011, Cory successfully climbed an 8,000 m (26,000 ft.) peak in the middle
of winter. This extremely challenge nearly cost him his life.
On the way down, Cory and his team were caught in a major avalanche.
“Once the avalanche took us, there was no more fear,” says Cory.
Although this experience scared him, he still takes risks to get a
great photo. Cory’s and strength make
him a great for anyone who wants to
push their boundaries.
6 LEARN NEW WORDS. Listen to the words and match them
to the definitions. Then listen and repeat. 1.3 and 1.4 Cory Richards
achieve boundary unbelievable unreachable
1. incredible
2. limit
3. do
4. impossible
7 Your Choice Choose an activity.
A.Work individually. Create a profile of a real or invented
extreme athlete. Say what characteristics this person has
and how these traits help them achieve their goals.
B. Work in pairs. Role-play an interview between a
TV reporter and an extreme athlete who has just
completed a new challenge.
C.Work in groups. You are organizing a competition for an
extreme sport. Create an advertisement looking for the right
people to participate in your event.
12 Vocabulary
SPEAKING
Showing interest in a conversation 1.5
Statement Responses
I love to surf. Wow! What’s that like?
No way! I never knew that you could surf.
What can you tell me about surfing?
Tell me more about how you learned to surf.
You’re a surfer? Me, too!
1 Listen. How do these speakers show interest in the
conversation? Write the phrases you hear. 1.6
2 Listen. Write an appropriate response to show
interest. 1.7
Extreme ironing
1.
2.
Conversation tip: Demonstrating curiosity
3.
When talking to another person about their
4. experiences, be curious. Ask questions to
learn about both the person and the topic.
5.
3 Work in pairs. Spin the wheel. Make a
statement about the topic the spinner lands on.
Your partner uses the phrases above to show
interest and maintain the conversation. Then
switch roles.
4 Work in groups. Do you take risks? Share
stories about risks you have taken. Tell one true
story and one false story. See if your group can
guess the true story. Use the phrases above to
Go to Game 1A.
demonstrate curiosity in one another’s stories.
Speaking 13
