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Discovering Diverse Content Through
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Stoop not.

these two instruments, he shall neuer stoupe to his warke.

Dogfenell, goldes, mathes, and kedlokes are yll to wede after
this maner, they growe vppon so many braunches, 28
Pull up darnel.

harde by the erthe: and therfore they vse most to pul them
vppe with theyr handes; but loke well, that they pull not vppe
the corne with all; but as for terre, there wyll noo wedynge
serue. 32

22. ¶ The fyrst sturrynge.

[Fol. 18b.]

Also in June is tyme to rygge vppe the falowe, the whiche is

called the fyrst sturrynge, and to plowe it as depe as thou
canste, for to tourne the rotes of the wedes vpwarde, that the
sonne and the drye wether maye kyll 4 them. And an
housbande can not conuenyentelye plowe
How to plough and load out dung.

his lande, and lode out his dounge bothe vppon a daye, with
one draughte of beastes: but he maye well lode oute his
dounge before none, and lode heye or corne at-after 8 none:
or he maye plowe before none, and lode hey or corne at-after
none, with the same draughte, and noo hurte to the cattell:
bycause in lodynge of hey or corne, the cattel is alwaye
eatynge or beytynge, and soo they 12 can not doo in lodynge
of dounge and plowynge.

23. ¶ To mowe grasse.

End of June.
 Also in the later ende of June is tyme to begyn to mowe, if
thy medowe be well growen: but howe-so-euer
July.

they be growen, in July they muste nedes mowe, for diuers

causes. One is, it is not conuenient to haue hey 4
Mow hay early.

and corne bothe in occupation at one tyme. An other is, the

yonger and the grener that the grasse is, the softer
[Fol. 19.]

and the sweter it wyll be, whan it is hey, but it wyll haue the
more wyddrynge; and the elder the grasse is, the 8 harder
and dryer it is, and the worse for al maner of cattell: for the
sedes be fallen, the whiche is in maner of prouander, and it is
the harder to eate and chowe. And an other cause is, if drye
wether come, it wyll drye 12 and burne vpon the grounde,
and waste away. Take
How to mow.

hede that thy mower mow clene and holde downe the hynder
hand of his sith, that he do not endent the grasse, and to
mowe his swathe cleane thorowe to that that 16 was laste
mowen before, that he leaue not a mane bytwene, and
specyallye in the common medowe: for in the seuerall
medowe it maketh the lesse charge, and that
Mole-hills.

the moldywarpe-hilles be spredde, and the styckes cleane 20

pycked out of the medowe in Apryll, or in the beginnynge of
Maye.

24. ¶ Howe forkes and rakes shulde be made.

Forks and rakes.
 A Good husbande hath his forkes and rakes made redye in
the wynter before, and they wolde be gotte bytwene
Mighelmasse and Martylmasse, and beyked, and
[Fol. 19b.]

sette euen, to lye vpryght in thy hande: and than they 4 wyll
be harde styffe and drye. And whan the housbande sytteth by
the fyre, and hath nothynge to do, than maye he make theym
redye, and tothe the rakes with drye wethy-wode,
Bore holes for the teeth of the rakes.

and bore the holes with his wymble, bothe aboue 8 and
vnder, and driue the tethe vpwarde faste and harde, and than
wedge them aboue with drye woode of oke, for that is hard,
and wil driue and neuer come out. And if he get them in
sappe-tyme, all the beykyng and drienge 12 that can be had
shal not make them harde and styffe,
Use hazel and withy.

but they woll alwaye be plyenge: for they be moste comonly

made of hasell and withee, and these be the trees that
blome, and specially hasell: for it begynneth 16
Use no green wood.

to blome as sone as the lefe is fallen. And if the rake be made

of grene woode, the heed wyll not abyde vppon the stele,
and the tethe wyll fall out, whan he hath mooste nede to
them, and let his warke, and lose 20
Make all evenly.

moche heye. And se that thy rake and forke lye vpryghte in
thy hand, for and the one ende of thy rake, or the syde of thy
forke, hang downe-warde, than they be not handsome nor
easy to worke with. 24

25. ¶ To tedde and make hay.

[Fol. 20.]

Whan thy medowes be mowed, they wolde be well

Tedding hay.

tedded and layde euen vppon the grounde: and if the grasse
be very thycke, it wolde be shaken with handes,
Ted hay carefully.

or with a shorte pykforke. For good teddynge is the 4 chiefe

poynte to make good hey, and than shall it be wyddred all in
lyke, or elles not: and whan it is wel wyddred on the ouer
syde, and dry, than turne it cleane before noone, as soone as
the dewe is gone: And yf thou 8 dare truste the wether, lette
it lye so all nyghte: and on the nexte daye, tourne it agayne
before none, and towarde nyght make it in wyndrowes, and
than in smal
Hay-cocks.

hey-cockes, and so to stande one nyghte at the leaste, and 12

sweate: and on the nexte fayre day caste it abrode agayne,
and tourne it ones or twyse, and than make it
Larger hay-cocks.

in greatter hey-cockes, and to stande so one nyght or more,

that it maye vngiue and sweate. For and it sweate 16 not in
the hey-cockes, it wyll sweate in the mowe; and than it wyll
be dustye, and not holsome for hors, beastes, nor shepe. And
whan it standeth in the cockes, it is better to lode, and the
more hey maye be loded at a lode, 20
Quich-hay.

and the faster it wyll lye. Quyche-hey commeth of a grasse

called crofote, and groweth flatte, after the erthe,
[Fol. 20b.]

and bearethe a yelowe floure halfe a yarde hygh and more,

and hath many knottes towarde the roote, and it 24 is the
beste hey for horses and beastes, and the sweteste, if it be
well got; but it wyll haue moch more wyddrynge than other
hey, for els he wyll be-pysse hym-selfe and
How to know when hay is dry.

waxe hote, and after dustye. And for to knowe whanne 28 it is

wyddred ynoughe, make a lyttell rope of the same, that ye
thinke shulde be moste greneste, and twyne it as harde to-
gether bytwen your handes as ye canne, and soo
Twist a wisp, and then cut it.

beynge harde twon, let one take a knyfe, and cut it faste 32
by your hande; and the knottes wyll be moyste, yf it be not
drye ynough. Shorte hey, and leye-hey, is good for shepe,
and all maner of catell, if it be well got. A man maye speke of
makynge of hey, and gettynge of corne, 36 but god disposeth
and ordreth all thynge.

26. ¶ Howe rye shulde be shorne.

In July, shear rye.

In the later ende of July, or in the begynnynge of Auguste,

is tyme to shere Rye, the whiche wolde be shorne cleane, and
faste bounden. And in somme places they mowe it, the
whiche is not soo good to the 4 housbandes profytte, but it is
the sooner done. For
[Fol. 21.]

whan it is mowen, it wyll not be so fast bounden: and he can

not gather it soo cleane, but there wyll be moche losse, and
taketh more rowme in the barne than shorne 8 corne dothe.
And also it wyll not kepe nor saue it selfe from rayne or yll
wether, whan it standeth in the couer, as the shorne corne
wyll do.
 27. ¶ Howe to shere wheate.
Shear wheat clean.

Wheate wolde be shorne cleane, and harde bounden in lyke

maner; but for a generall rule, take good hede, that the
sherers of all maner of whyte corne cast not vppe theyr
handes hastely, for thanne all the lose corne, 4 and the
strawes, that he holdeth not fast in his hande, flieth ouer his
heed, and are loste: and also it wyll pull of the eares, and
specyallye of the cornes that be verye
Shear wheat clean.

rype. In somme places they wyll shere theyr cornes 8 hyghe,

to the entente to mowe theyr stubble, eyther to thacke or to
bren: if they so do, they haue greate cause to take good hede
of the sherers. For if the eares of corne croke downe to the
erthe, and the sherer take 12 not good hede, and put up the
eare er he cut the strawe: as many eares as be vnder his
hoke or sicle
Fol. 21b.

fall to the erthe, and be loste; and whan they mowe the
stubble, it is great hyndraunce to the profytte of 16
Near Ilchester and Martock they shear low.

the grounde. And in Sommersetshire, about Zelcestre and

Martok, they doo shere theyr wheate very lowe, and all the
wheate-strawe that they pourpose to make thacke of, they do
not thresshe it, but cutte of the 20 eares, and bynde it in
sheues, and call it rede: and therwith they thacke theyr
houses. And if it be a
Best kind of thatching.

newe house, they thacke it vnder theyr fote: the whiche is

the beste and the surest thacking that can 24 be of strawe,
for crowes and douues shall neuer hurte it.
 28. To mowe or shere barley and otes.
Mow barley and oats.

Barley and otes be moste commonly mowen, and a man or

woman folowythe the mower with a hande-rake halfe a yarde
longe, with .vii. or .viii. tethe, in the lyfte hande, and a syckle
in the ryghte hande, and 4 with the rake he gethereth as
moche as wyll make a shefe. And thanne he taketh the barley
or otes by the toppes, and pulleth out as moche as wil make
a band, and casteth the band from him on the land, and with
his 8 rake and his syckle taketh vp the barley or otes, &
[Fol. 22.]

layeth them vppon the bande, and so the barley lyeth

vnbounden .iii. or .iiii. dayes, if it be fayre wether, and than to
bynde it. And whan the barley is ledde 12
Rake afterwards.

away, the landes muste be raked, or els there wyll be moche

corne loste, and if the barley or otes lye, they muste nedes
be shorne.

29. ¶ To repe or mowe pees and beanes.

Reap or mow peas and beans.

Pees and benes be moste commonly laste reped or mowen,

of diuers maners, some with sickles, some with hokes, and
some with staffe-hokes. And in some places they lay them on
repes, and whan they be dry, 4 they laye them to-gether on
heapes, lyke hey-cockes, and neuer bynde them. But the
beste way is, whan
Bind them together.

the repes be dry, to bynde them, and to set theym on the

rydge of the landes three sheues to-gether; and 8 loke that
your sherers, repers, or mowers geld not
Cut beans low.

your beanes, that is to saye, to cutte the beanes so hye, that

the nethermoste codde growe styll on the stalke; and whan
they be bounden, they are the more redyer 12 to lode and
vnlode, to make a reke, and to take fro the mowe to
thresshe. And soo be not the repes.
[Fol. 22b.]

30. ¶ Howe all maner of cornes shulde be tythed.

How to tithe.

Nowe that all these cornes before specyfyed be shorne,

mowed, reped, bounden vp, and layde vppon the rydge of the
lande, lette the housbande take hede of goddes
commaundemente, and let hym goo 4
Count 9 sheaves, and cast out the tenth.

to the ende of his lande, and begynne and tell .ix. sheues,
and let hym caste out the .x. shefe in the name of god, and
so to pervse from lande to lande, tyll he haue trewely tythed
all his corne. And beware, 8 and take hede of the sayinge of
our lorde by his
Malachi iii. 8, 9.

prophete Malachias, the whiche saythe, Quia michi non

dedisti decimas et primitias, id circo in fame et penuria
maledicti estis. That is to saye, Bycause ye haue not 12 gyuen
to me your tythes, and your fyrste-fruytes, therefore ye be
cursed, and punysshed with honger and
Augustine.

penury. And accordynge to that saynte Austyn saythe: Da

decimas, alioqui incides in decimam partem angelorum 16
Give tithes truly.

qui de celo corruerunt in infernum. That is to say, Gyue thy

tythes truely, or els thou shalt fall amonge the tenthe parte of
aungelles that felle from heuen in-to hell, the whiche is an
harde worde to euery man, that oughte to 20
[Fol. 23.]

gyue tythes, and doth not gyue them truely. But saynte
Augustine.

Austyne saythe a comfortable worde again, to them that gyue

theyr tythes truely, that is to saye: Decimæ sunt
Tithes are tributes to the needy.

tributa egentium animarum: Tythes are tributes or 24

rewardes to nedye soules. And ferther he saythe: Si decimam
dederis, non solum abundantiam fructum recipies, sed etiam
sanitatem corporis et animæ consequeris, That is to saye, If
thou haue gyuen thy tythes truely, thou 28 shalte not onely
receyue the profite, and the abundaunce of goodes, but also
helthe of bodye and soule shall folowe. Wolde to god, that
euerye man knewe the harde worde of our lorde by his
prophete Malachias, 32 and also the comfortable wordes of
the holy saynte Austyn. For than wolde I truste verely, that
tythes shulde be truely gyuen.

31. ¶ Howe all maner of corne shulde he couered.

How to cover corn.

Nowe these cornes be shorne and bounden, and the tithes

cast out, it is tyme to couer theym, shoke theym, or halfe-
throne them, but couerynge is the beste waye
[Fol. 23b.]

of all maner of whyte corne. And that is, to set foure 4 sheues
on one syde, and .iiii. sheues on the other syde,
Set ten sheaves together.

and two sheues aboue, of the greatteste, bounden harde

nyghe to the nether ende, the whiche must be set vpwarde,
and the top downewarde spredde abrode to couer all the 8
other sheues. And they wyll stand beste in wynde, and saue
theym-selfe beste in rayne, and they wolde be set on the
rydge of the lande, and the sayde sheues to leane to-gether
in the toppes, and wyde at the grounde, that 12
For peas and beans set three together.

the winde may go through, to drye them. Pees and beanes

wolde be set on the rydge of the lande, thre sheues together,
the toppes vpwarde, and wrythen to-gether, and wyde
benethe, that they maye the better 16 wyddre.

32. ¶ To lode corne, and mowe it.

To load corn.

Whanne all these cornes be drye and wyddred ynoughe,

than lode theym in-to the barne, and laye euerye corne
Make many mows, if it be wet.

by it-selfe. And if be a wete haruest, make many mowes: and

if thou haue not housynge ynoughe, thanne it is 4 better to
laye thy pees and benes without vppon a reke, than other
corne, and it is better vppon a scaffolde than vppon the
grounde: for than it muste be well hedged
[Fol. 24.]

for swyne and catel, and the grounde wyll rotte the 8 bottom,
and the scaffolde saueth both hedgynge and rottynge: but
they must be well couered bothe. And the
The scaffold.

husband may set shepe or catel vnder the same scaffold and
wyll serue hym in stede of an house, if it be well 12 and
surely made, &c.

33. ¶ The second[25] sturrynge.

August.

In August, and in the begynnyng of September, is

Second stirring.

tyme to make his seconde sturrynge, and most commonly it is

cast downe and plowed a meane forowe, not to depe nor to
ebbe, so he turne it clene. And if it be caste, it 4
Water-furrow the land.

wolde be water-forowed bytwene the landes, there-as the

reane shulde be, and it wyll be the dryer, whan the lande
shall be sowen. And if the landes lie high in the ridge, & highe
at the reane, & lowe in the 8 myddes of the side, that the
water may not ronne easely in-to the reane, as I se dayly in
many places: than let the husband set his plough .iii. or .iiii.
fote from the
How to ridge it up.

rydge, and cast all the rydge on bothe sydes, and whan 12
the rydge is cast, set his plough there-as he began, and rydge
vp the remenant of the lande, and so is the land bothe cast
and rydged, and all at one plowynge. And this
[Fol. 24b.]

shall cause the lande to lye rounde, whan it is sowen 16 at

the nexte tyme, and than shall it not drowne the corne.

34. To sowe wheat and rye.

Michaelmas.

Aboute Myghelmasse it is tyme to sowe bothe wheate

Sow wheat and rye.
and rye. Wheate is mooste commonlye sowen vnder the
forowe, that is to saye, caste it vppon the falowe, and than
plowe it vnder. And in some places they sowe theyr 4
Pease stubble.

wheate vppon theyr pees-stubble, the whiche is neuer soo

good, as that that is sowen vppon the falowe: and that is
vsed, where they make falowe in a fyelde euery
In Essex a child sows.

fourthe yere. And in Essex they vse to haue a chylde, 8 to go

in the forowe before the horses or oxen, with a bagge or a
hopper full of corne: and he taketh his hande full of corne,
and by lyttel and lytel casteth it in the
He ought to have much discretion.

sayde forowe. Me semeth, that chylde oughte to haue 12

moche dyscretion.
Howe-be-it there is moche good corne, and rye is
Sow 2 London bushels to an acre.

mooste commonlye sowen aboue and harrowed, and two

London busshelles of wheate and rye wyll sowe an acre. 16
Some grounde is good for wheate, some for rye, and some is
good for bothe: and vppon that ground sowe
[Fol. 25.]

blend-corne, that is both wheate and rye, the whyche is the

surest corne of growyng, and good for the husbandes 20
Wheat and rye mixed.

houshold. And the wheate, that shall be medled with rye,

muste be suche as wyll soone be rype, and that is flaxen
wheate, polerd wheate, or whyte wheate. And ye shall
vnderstande, that there be dyuers maners of wheates. 24
Flaxen wheat.
Flaxen wheate hath a yelowe eare, and bare without anis,
and is the bryghtest wheate in the busshell, and wyll make
the whytest breed, and it wyll weare the grounde sore, and is
small strawe, and wyll growe very thycke, 28
Pollard wheat.

and is but small corne. Polerde wheate hath noo anis, thycke
sette in the eare, and wyll soone fall out, and is
White wheat.

greatter corne, and wyll make whyte breed. Whyte wheate is

lyke polerde wheate in the busshell, but it 32 hath anis, and
the eare is foure-square, and wyll make white breed: and in
Essex they call flaxen wheate
Red wheat.

whyte wheate. Red wheate hath a flat eare, an inche brode,

full of anis, and is the greatteste corne, and 36 the brodeste
blades, and the greatteste strawe, and wyl make whyte
breed, and is the rudeste of colour in the busshell.
English wheat.

Englysshe wheate hath a dunne eare, fewe anis or none, 40

and is the worste wheate, saue peeke-wheate. Peeke-wheete
Peek-wheat.

hath a red eare, ful of anis, thyn set, and ofte

[Fol. 25b.]

tymes it is flyntered, that is to saye, small corne wrynkeled

and dryed, and wyll not make whyte breade, but it wyl 44
growe vpon colde grounde.

35. ¶ To thresshe and wynowe corne.

Carefully clean seed-corn.
 This wheate and rye, that thou shalte sowe, ought to be
very cleane of wede, and therfore, er thou thresshe thy
corne, open thy sheues, and pyke oute all maner of wedes,
and than thresshe it, and wynowe it cleane, 4 and so shalt
thou haue good clene corne an other
In Essex and Kent they fan the corn.

yere. And in some countreys, aboute London specyallye, and

in Essex and Kente, they do fan theyr corne, the whiche is a
verye good gise, and a great saueguarde for 8 shedynge of
the corne. And whan thou shalte sell it, if it be well wynowed
or fande, it wyll be solde the derer, and the lyghte corne wyll
seme the husbande in his house. 12

36. ¶ To seuer pees, beanes, and fytches.

Sift your peas and beans.

Whan thou haste thresshed thy pees, and beanes, after

they be wynowed, and er thou shalte sowe or selle them, let
theym be well reed with syues, and seuered in
[Fol. 26.]

thre partes, the great from the small, and thou shalte gette 4
in euerye quarter a London busshell, or there about. For
Separate small from large.

the small corne lyeth in the holowe and voyde places of the
greate beanes, and yet shall the greate beanes be solde as
dere, as if they were all together, or derer, as a man 8 may
proue by a famylier ensample. Let a man bye
120 herrings, at 2 a penny, cost 5 shillings;

.C. hearynges,[26] two hearynges for a penye, and an other

.C. hearynges, thre for a peny, and let hym sell these .CC.
hearinges agayne .v. heringes for .ii. d.; nowe hath 12 he
loste .iiii. d. For C. hearinges, .ii. for i. d., cost v. s.,
120 herrings, at 3 a penny, cost 3s. 4d.; or 8s. 4d. in all.

and C. hearynges, .iii. for a peny, coste .iii s. and .iiii d., the
whiche is .viii. s and .iiii. d.; and whan he selleth .v. herynges
for .ii. d., xx. heringes cometh but 16 to .viii. d. and there is
but .xii. score heringes, and that
20 herrings, at 5 for 2d., cost 8d.; 12 times as much are 24 groats, or 8s.

is but .xii. grotes, and xii. grotes, and that cometh but to .viii.
s. and so he hath lost .iiii. d. and it is bicause there be not so
many bargeins, for in the bienge of these .CC. 20 heringes
there be .v. score bargeins, and in the sellinge of the same
there be but .xlviii. bargeyns, and so is there lost .x.
hearinges, the whiche wolde haue ben .ii.
Always buy by gross sale, and sell by retail.

bargeyns moo, and than it had ben euen and mete. And 24
therfore he that byeth grosse sale, and retayleth, muste
nedes be a wynner. And so shalt thou be a loser, if thou sell
thy pees, beanes, and fytches together: for than
[Fol. 26b.]

thou sellest grosse sale. And if thou seuer them in thre 28

partes, than thou doest retayle, wherby thou shalte wynne.

37. ¶ Of shepe, and what tyme of the yere the

rammes shulde be put to the ewes.

An housbande can not well thryue by his corne, without he

haue other cattell, nor by his cattell, without corne. For els he
shall be a byer, a borower, or
Sheep are the most profitable cattle.

a begger. And bycause that shepe in myne opynyon is 4 the

mooste profytablest cattell that any man can haue, therfore I
pourpose to speake fyrst of shepe. Than fyrst is to be
knowen, what tyme thou shalt put thy
Rams and ewes.

rammes to thy ewes; and therin I make a distinction, for 8

euery man maye not put to theyr rammes all at one tyme; for
if they doo, there wyll be greate hurte and losse; for that
man, that hath the best shepe-pasture for wynter, and soone
spryngynge in the begynnynge of the 12 yere, he maye suffre
his rammes to goo with his ewes all tymes of the yere, to
blyssomme or ryde whan they wyll: but for the comon
pasture, it is tyme to put to his
Sept. 14.

rammes at the Exaltation of the holye crosse: for than 16

[Fol. 27.]

the bucke goth to the rut, and so wolde the ramme. But for
the common husbande, that hath noo pasture but the
common fieldes, it is tyme ynoughe at the feste of
Sept. 29.

saynt Mychaell the archangel. And for the poore 20

housbande of the Peeke, or suche other, that dwell in hylly
and hyghe groundes, that haue no pastures, nor common
fieldes, but all-onely the comon hethe, Symon
Oct. 28.

and Jude daye is good tyme for theym, and this is the 24
reason why. An ewe goth with lambe .xx. wekes, and shall
yeane her lambe in the .xxi. weke; & if she haue not
conueniente newe grasse to eate, she maye not gyue her
lambe mylke: and for wante of mylke, there be 28 manye
lambes perysshed and loste: and also for pouertye, the
dammes wyll lacke mylke, and forsake theyr lambes, and soo
often tymes they dye bothe in suche harde countreys. 32

38. ¶ To make an ewe to loue her lambe.

If thy ewe haue mylke, and wyll not loue her lambe, put
her in a narowe place made of bordes, or of smothe trouse, a
yarde wyde, and put the lambe to her, and
If a ewe

socle it, and yf the ewe smyte the lambe with her 4 heed,
bynd her heed with a heye-rope, or a corde, to
[Fol. 27b.]
smite her lamb, tie up her head.

the syde of the penne: and if she wyl not stande syde longe
all the lambe,[27] than gyue her a lyttell hey, and tye a dogge
by her, that she maye se hym: and 8 this wyll make her to
loue her lambe shortely. And if thou haue a lambe deed,
wherof the damme hath
Put a dead lamb’s skin on a live lamb, and so change its dam.

moche mylke, fley that lambe, and tye that skynne vpon an
other lambes backe, that hath a sory damme, with 12 lyttell
mylke, and put the good ewe and that lambe to-gether in the
penne, and in one houre she wyll loue that lambe; & than
mayst thou take thy sory weyke ewe awaye, and put her in
an other place: and by this 16 meanes thou mayste fortune to
saue her lyfe, and the lambes bothe.

39. ¶ What tyme lambes shulde be wayned.

In some places they neuer seuer their lambes from theyr

dammes, and that is for two causes: One is, in the beste
pasture where the rammes goo alwaye with
In the best pastures, lambs wean themselves.

theyr ewes, there it nedeth not, for the dammes wil 4 waxe
drye, and wayne theyr lambes theym-selfe. An other cause is,
he that hath noo seuerall and sounde
[Fol. 28.]

pasture, to put his lambes vnto whan they shoulde be

wayned, he muste eyther sell them, or let them sucke 8 as
longe as the dammes wyll suffre theym; and it is a common
sayinge, that the lambe shall not rotte, as longe as it souketh,
excepte the damme wante meate.
Lambs to be weaned at 16 weeks, or 18.

But he that hath seueral and sounde pasture, it is tyme 12 to

wayne theyr lambes, whanne they be .xvi. wekes old, or
.xviii. at the farthest, and the better shall the ewe take the
ramme agayne. And the poore man of the peeke countreye,
and suche other places, where as 16 they vse to mylke theyr
ewes, they vse to wayne theyr
In the Peak, lambs are weaned at 12 weeks.

lambes at xii. wekes olde, and to mylke theyr ewes fiue or

syxe wekes, &c. But those lambes be neuer soo good as the
other that sucke longe, and haue 20 meate ynoughe.

40. ¶ To drawe shepe, and seuer them in dyuers

places.

Than thou grasier, that hast many shepe in thy

Have a large sheep-fold;

pastures, it is conuenient for the to haue a shepefolde made

with a good hedge or a pale, the whiche wyll receyue all thy
shepe easyly that goo in one pasture, 4 sette betwene two of
thy pastures, in a drye place;
[Fol. 28b.]

and adioynynge to the ende of the same, make an

another to hold 90 sheep;

other lyttell folde, that wyll receyue lxxxx. shepe or moo, and
bothe those foldes muste haue eyther of 8 theym a gate in-to
eyther pasture, and at the ende of that folde make an other
lyttell folde, that wyll
and another for 40 sheep.

receyue .xl. shepe or mo, and betwene euery folde a gate.

And whan the shepe are in the greate folde, 12 let .xl. of
them, or there about, come into the myddle
Let the shepherd examine them in the middle fold.

folde, and steke the gate. And than let the shepeherde turne
them, and loke them on euery syde, and if he se or fynde any
shepe, that nedeth any helpynge or mending 16 for any
cause, lette the shepeherde take that shepe with his hoke,
and put hym in the lyttell folde. And whan he hath taken all
that nedeth any mendyng, than put the other in-to whether
pasture he wyll, and let in as 20
Put the sick ones in the little fold.

many out of the greate folde, and take those that nede any
handling, and put them into the lyttell folde. And thus peruse
them all tyll he haue doone, and than let the shepeherde go
belte, grese, and handel all those that he 24 hath drawen,
and than shall not the great flocke be taryed nor kepte from
theyr meate: and as he hath mended them, to put them into
theyr pasture.

41. ¶ To belte shepe.

[Fol. 29.]

If any shepe raye or be fyled with dounge about the

How to belt sheep.

the tayle, take a payre of sheres and clyppe it awaye, and

cast dry muldes thervpon: and if it be in the heate of the
sommer, it wolde be rubbed euer with a lyttell terre, to 4
Have a board to lay a sheep upon.

kepe awaye the flyes. It is necessarye that a shepeherde

haue a borde, set fast to the syde of his lyttell folde, to laye
his shepe vpon when he handeleth theym, and an hole bored
in the borde with an augur, and therin a 8 grayned staffe of
two fote longe, to be set fast, to hang
A shepherd wants a dog, a hook, shears, and a tar-box.

his terre-boxe vpon, and than it shall not fall. And a

shepeherde shoulde not go without his dogge, his shepe-
hoke, a payre of sheres, and his terre-boxe, eyther with 12
hym, or redye at his shepe-folde, and he muste teche his
dogge to barke whan he wolde haue hym, to ronne whan he
wold haue hym, and to leue ronning whan he wolde haue
hym; or els he is not a cunninge shepeherd. The 16 dogge
must lerne it, whan he is a whelpe, or els it wyl not be: for it
is harde to make an olde dogge to stoupe.

42. ¶ To grease shepe.

How to grease sheep.

If any sheepe be scabbed, the shepeherde maye perceyue

it by the bytynge, rubbyng, or scratchynge with
[Fol. 29b.]

his horne, and mooste commonly the woll wyll ryse, and be
thyn or bare in that place: than take hym, and shede 4 the
woll with thy fyngers, there as the scab is, and with thy
fynger laye a lyttell terre thervpon, and stroke it a lengthe in
the bottom of the woll, that it be not seen
Part the wool and put tar on.

aboue. And so shede the woll by and by, and laye a 8 lyttell
terre thervppon, tyll thou passe the sore, and than it wyll go
no farther.

43. ¶ To medle terre.

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