1.
The different philosophical schools of thought like perennialism,
progressivism and others significantly influence curriculum design by
shaping its goals, contents, and teaching methods. Since these
philosophies have varied core beliefs, it also has varied effects to the
curriculum. Let’s take for example essentialism, its core belief is that
students need to learn essential knowledge and skills to become
productive members of society. An essentialist curriculum might focus
on mastering basic math facts, grammar rules, and historical
timelines. This will make the core subjects like Math, Science,
Language Arts, and Social Studies be a priority. It will also affect the
teaching methods to be used since we need to take those that are
suitable on such learning philosophy. This might include direct
instruction, memorization, and standardized test.
Therefore, these philosophies offer different frameworks for
determining what knowledge is most valuable, choosing teaching
methods, and setting the goals of education. By understanding these
philosophical underpinnings, educators can make informed decisions
about curriculum design that align with their goals and values.
2. It is important for curriculum to reflect social and cultural
contexts because a socially and culturally responsive curriculum helps
create a more just, inclusive, and effective education system. It also
helps them understand how learning can be applied to the learners’
real lives. Reflecting diverse social and cultural contexts ensures that
no group is marginalized or overlooked. It supports fair and equal
education for students from all backgrounds. Including diverse
perspectives helps students develop empathy and respect for others,
reducing prejudice and promoting social harmony. When students
explore different cultural viewpoints and social issues, they learn to
question assumptions, analyze biases, and think critically about the
world around them. And lastly, many students, seeing their identity
reflected in the curriculum validates who they are. This strengthens
their self-worth and motivation to succeed academically.
3. The curriculum has evolved significantly over different historical
periods, shaped by changing social values, political priorities, and
advances in knowledge. Curriculum is not static. It continuously
evolves to meet the changing needs of society. From religious doctrine
and classical knowledge to global citizenship and digital literacy, it
reflects the priorities of each era and the vision for the future.
In summary, curriculum has moved from rigid, elite-focused
education toward a more inclusive approach, dynamic, and socially
responsive approach that reflects the needs and values of each era.
4. Curriculum can serve as a powerful tool for nation-building and
social control through the content it delivers and the values it
promotes. The curriculum is more than just academic content—it
shapes the values, attitudes, and behaviors of future citizens. When
used responsibly, it can build a united, informed, and capable nation.
However, when misused, it can also serve to control thought, suppress
diversity, and uphold inequality. Its power makes it a central tool in
shaping both society and governance.
