Extracting metals
Do now:
Draw a labelled diagram of metallic bonding.
List the properties of metals.
Challenge - Explain how the properties link to the bonding.
Metallic bonding
Properties of Metals
strong malleable ductile
heat conductor Properties electrical
conductor
shiny
hard
sonorous
Reactivity series
POTASSIUM PLEASE
SODIUM STOP
CALCIUM CALLING
MAGNESIUM ME
ALUMINIUM A
CARBON CARELES
ZINC SZEBRA
IRON IN
TIN THE
HYDROGEN HOT
LEAD LOUSY
COPPER CLASSROOM
SILVER SILLY
GOLD GOOSE
Metal ores
The Earth's crust contains many different rocks. Rocks are a mixture
of minerals.
A metal ore is a mineral or mixture of minerals from which
economically viable amounts of metal can be extracted.
Ores are often oxides, carbonates or sulphides. They are all finite
resources.
Extraction Methods
Metals ABOVE CARBON are
K
Electrolysis extracted by ELECTROLYSIS
Na
Ca
bon Metals BELOW CARBON
Re
Mg r
Ca are extracted by heating
ac
Al Heating
ti
them with carbon in a
vi
Zn with carbon
ty
BLAST FURNACE. This is
in
Fe called REDUCTION.
cr
ea
Sn
se
Pb
s
Cu
These LOW REACTIVITY
Ag
metals don’t need to be Found native
extracted because they are SO Au
unreactive you’ll find them on Pt
their own.
Reduction of oxide by carbon
Metal oxides less reactive than carbon are heated with carbon.
The carbon removes the oxygen from the metal oxide to form
carbon dioxide.
Metal oxide + carbon → metal + carbon dioxide
E.g.
Iron (III) oxide + carbon → iron + carbon dioxide
2Fe2O3 + 3C → 4Fe + 3CO2
The removal of oxygen from a compound is called
REDUCTION.
Copy and annotate as you watch the video
Extraction of iron from its ore - hematite. By reduction with carbon in a blast furnace.
Extraction of aluminium
Al2O3 is dissolved in
cryolite, which lowers the
melting point.
Energy = Expensive
Label the diagram
positive
graphite
electrode cryolite
negative
aluminium
graphite
oxide
electrode
aluminium
Explain the extraction of aluminium
Extraction of zinc
● Zinc is extracted from zinc blende (zinc ore that contains zinc
sulfide).
● ZnS is heated in air to produce zinc oxide.
● Zinc oxide is then heated with carbon (coke) to produce zinc.
● C and CO are the reducing agents.
● Zinc vapour is removed from the top, then condensed.
2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2
ZnO + C → Zn + CO
ZnO + CO → Zn + CO2
Comparison
Compare the extraction of metals via electrolysis vs reduction with
carbon.
Electrolysis Reduction with carbon
Check your work
Electrolysis Reduction with carbon
More expensive Can only be used for metals less
reactive than C
Needs large amounts of electricity Cheaper (carbon is cheap and acts
like fuel)
Ores need to be melted/dissolved
(energy)
Contributes more to climate change [Meaning = less reactive metals
are cheaper to extract]
Recycling metals
Metals can be recycled instead of being extracted from ores.
List the possible advantages and disadvantages of recycling metals
(compared with extraction)
Recycling metals - advantages
Recycling metals can save energy and money.
● Takes less energy
● Conserves finite resources
● Cuts down on waste getting sent to landfill
● Lower financial costs
● Less impact on environment (mining) and appearance of landscape
Aluminium is one of the most cost effective metals to recycle.
Recycling metals - disadvantages
● Metals have to be sorted and separated before they can be recycled
(time and money)
● Energy is needed to collect, transport and recycle the metals (but
still lower than extraction)
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