Discuss ecological principles to develop productive and sustainable ecosystems.
Explain ecological concept of productivity.
Discuss the impact of short duration and long duration varieties on deterioration of soil
What are the important features of xerophytes for ecological adaptation ?
Describe crop-weed competition.
What are important soil animals ? Write their contributions to soil.
1. Describe the following in not more than 150 words each: 10mx5q=50m
1. (a) Agroforestry and Agrostology. 10m/2016/
1. (b) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) vs Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). 10m/2016/
1. (c) Farming system vs Mixed farming 10m/2016/
1. (d) Decoy crop vs Trap crop 10m/2016/
1. (e) Fertigation vs Herbigation 10m/2016/
2. (a) List out the criteria for essentiality of nutrients. Differentiate between essential, beneficial and
functional elements in plant nutrition. How are these nutrient elements absorbed by the plants?
20m/2016/
2. (b) Differentiate between soil fertility and soil productivity. What is meant by the organic matter
content of good agricultural soil? Compare it with that of forest soil. Suggest ways to maintain soil
organic matter content and improve crop productivity. 20m/2016/
2. (c) What do you mean by the terms remote sensing and GIS? What are their applications in
agriculture and forestry? 10m/2016/
3. (a) Write a brief note on the importance of pulses for sustainable future. Describe the international
pulse year with its main objectives and strategies to enhance the production and availability of pulses.
20m/2016/
3. (b) Describe the package of practices for raising a short duration pigeon pea. Discuss good agricultural
practices (GAP) and their implications. 20m/2016/
3. (c) Explain the critical period of crop-weed competition with suitable examples. 10Explain the critical
period of crop-weed competition with suitable examples. 10m/2016/
4. (a) Discuss the global initiatives and international conventions on climate change. What does NICRA
stand for? What are the initiatives taken by the Indian Government in this regard? 20m/2016/
4. (b) Briefly describe the various lypes of forestry plantations like social forestry, agroforestry and
natural forests. What methods are employed for propagation of forest plants? 20m/2016/
4. (c) List out the factors affecting efficacy of herbicides. 10m/2016/
5. Describe the following in not more than 150 words each : 10mx5q=50m
5. (a) Protected agriculture 10m/2016/
5. (b) Phytostabilisation 10m/2016/
5. (c) Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendras 10m/2016/
5. (d) Farm planning and Farm management 10m/2016/
5. (e) Kisan Credit Card 10m/2016/
6. (a) Differentiate between rainfed and irrigated agriculture. List out the major problems of rainfed
agriculture. Describe the various soil moisture conservation measures to boost crop production in
rainfed farming. 20m/2016/
6. (b) Discuss the various methods of evaluation of extension programmes. Discuss the significance of
Self-Help Groups for rural development, with successful examples. 20m/2016/
6. (c) Describe the concept of market intelligence and explain the various problems in agricultural
marketing system in India. 10m/2016/20m/2016
7. (a) Define agricultural extension. Differentiate between extension education and formal education.
Discuss its importance in agricultural development. 20m/2016
7. (b) Explain various soil conservation methods and integrated watershed management approach. What
is soil erosion ? Discuss the methods of managing soil erosion. 20m/2016
7. (c) What are the important principles of farm management ? 10m/2016
8. (a) Discuss the mechanism of fixation of minimum support prices of agricultural products. 10m/2016
8. (b) Discuss the significance of quality of irrigation water and rain-water harvesting for crop
productivity. Describe how irrigation is scheduled in the critical stage of crop growth. 20m/2016
8. (c) Explain how industrial effluents affect soil and water pollution. What measures can be taken to
reduce this impact? 20m/2016
6. (a) Differentiate between rainfed and irrigated agriculture. List out the major problems of rainfed
agriculture. Describe the various soil moisture conservation measures to boost crop production in
rainfed farming. 20m/2016/
6. (b) Discuss the various methods of evaluation of extension programmes. Discuss the significance of
Self-Help Groups for rural development, with successful examples. 20m/2016/
6. (c) Describe the concept of market intelligence and explain the various problems in agricultural
marketing system in India. 10m/2016/20m/2016
7. (a) Define agricultural extension. Differentiate between extension education and formal education.
Discuss its importance in agricultural development. 20m/2016
7. (b) Explain various soil conservation methods and integrated watershed management approach. What
is soil erosion ? Discuss the methods of managing soil erosion. 20m/2016
7. (c) What are the important principles of farm management ? 10m/2016
8. (a) Discuss the mechanism of fixation of minimum support prices of agricultural products. 10m/2016
8. (b) Discuss the significance of quality of irrigation water and rain-water harvesting for crop
productivity. Describe how irrigation is scheduled in the critical stage of crop growth. 20m/2016
8. (c) Explain how industrial effluents affect soil and water pollution. What measures can be taken to
reduce this impact? 20m/2016
Agriculture (paper – 1)
1. (Ecology) & Environment
i. Ecology and its relevance to humans
ii. Natural resources: sustainable management and conservation
iii. Physical and social environment as factors influencing crop distribution and production
iv. Agro-ecology
v. Cropping pattern as indicator of environment
vi. Environmental pollution and its hazards to crops, animals, and humans
vii. Climate change: International conventions and global initiatives
viii. Greenhouse effect and global warming
ix. Advanced tools for ecosystem analysis:
o Remote Sensing (RS)
o Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
1. (a) Briefly discuss the principles of agro-ecology. 10m/2024/1iv
________________________________________
2. Cropping Patterns & Farming Systems (Agronomy)
i. Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of India
ii. Impact of high-yielding and short-duration varieties on cropping pattern shifts
iii. Concepts of various cropping systems
iv. Concepts of various farming systems
v. Organic farming
vi. Precision farming
vii. Package of practices for production of:
o Important cereals
o Pulses
o Oil seeds
o Fibres
o Sugar crops
o Commercial crops
o Fodder crops 1. (b)
What are the factors responsible for low production and productivity of pulses in India? Discuss
strategies adopted for enhancing the pulse production and productivity. 10m/2024/2vii
________________________________________
3. (Forestry)
i. Important features and scope of:
o Social forestry
o Agro-forestry
o Natural forests
ii. Propagation of forest plants
iii. Forest products
iv. Agro-forestry and value addition
v. Conservation of forest flora and fauna 1.
(c) Describe the objectives of social forestry. Write down the plant species suitable for social forestry.
10m/2024/3i
________________________________________
4. Weeds & Weed Control (Weed Science)
i. Characteristics of weeds
ii. Dissemination and association with various crops
iii. Weed multiplication
iv. Control of weeds:
o Cultural control
o Biological control
o Chemical control 1. (d)
Discuss the cultural methods of weed control. 10m/2024/4iv
________________________________________
5. (Soil Science and nutrient management)
i. Soil: physical, chemical, biological properties
ii. Processes and factors of soil formation
iii. Soils of India
iv. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in soil productivity
v. Essential plant nutrients & other beneficial elements in soils and plants
vi. Principles of soil fertility
vii. Soil testing and fertiliser recommendations
viii. Integrated nutrient management
ix. Biofertilizers
x. Losses of nitrogen in soil
xi. Nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils
xii. Nitrogen fixation in soils
xiii. Efficient phosphorus & potassium use
xiv. Problem soils and their reclamation
xv. Soil factors affecting greenhouse gas emissions
1. (e) What are the two steps of nitrification and enlist micro-organisms responsible for each? Write
down the importance of nitrification. 10m/2024/5i,xii
________________________________________
6. Soil & Water Conservation
i. Soil conservation
ii. Integrated watershed management
iii. Soil erosion and its management
iv. Dryland agriculture and its problems
v. Technology for stabilising agriculture production in rainfed areas
________________________________________
7. Irrigation & Water Management
i. Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production
ii. Criteria for scheduling irrigations
iii. Ways and means of reducing runoff losses of irrigation water
iv. Rainwater harvesting
v. Drip irrigation
vi. Sprinkler irrigation
vii. Drainage of water-logged soils
viii. Quality of irrigation water
ix. Effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution
x. Irrigation projects in India
________________________________________
8. Farm Management & (Agricultural Economics)
i. Farm management: scope, importance and characteristics
ii. Farm planning
iii. Optimum resource use and budgeting
iv. Economics of different farming systems
v. Marketing management strategies for development
vi. Market intelligence, price fluctuations and their causes
vii. Role of co-operatives in agricultural economy
viii. Types and systems of farming and their determining factors
ix. Agricultural price policy
x. Crop insurance
________________________________________
9. (Agricultural Extension) & Rural Development
i. Agricultural extension: its importance and role
ii. Methods for evaluating extension programmes
iii. Socio-economic survey and status of:
o Big farmers
o Small farmers
o Marginal farmers
o Landless agricultural labourers
iv. Training programmes for extension workers
v. Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in dissemination of agricultural technologies
vi. Role of NGOs and Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in rural development.
Arange in this way
