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 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
 “Her amber hair for foul hath amber quoted”

and Biron—

“An amber-coloured raven was well noted.”

CARBUNCLE
Dromio of Syracuse in Act 3, Scene 2, of the “Comedy of Errors,”
speaks of

“Her nose all o’er embellished with rubies, carbuncles, sapphires.”

Titus Lartius says of Marcius:

“Thou art lost, Marcius;

A carbuncle entire, as big as thou art,
Were not so rich a jewel.”
“Coriolanus,” Act 1, Sc. 4.

Iachimo, the soothsayer, (Cymbeline, Act 5, Scene 5) tells that—

“He, true knight,

No lesser of her honour confident
Than I did truly find her, stakes this ring:
And would so, had it been a carbuncle
Of Phoebus’ wheel, and might so safely, had it
Been all the worth of’s car.”

Hamlet speaks to the Players (Act 2, Scene 2) of Pyrrhus:

“With eyes like carbuncles, the hellish Pyrrhus

Old grandsire Priam seeks.”

Again the poet uses the “carbuncle of Phoebus’ wheel” in “Antony

and Cleopatra,” Act 4, Scene 8:

“He has deserved it, were it carbuncled

Like holy Phoebus’ car.”
 CHRYSOLITE
The fated Moor says of his poor murdered Desdemona in the last
scene of the last act of “Othello”:

“Nay, had she been true,

If Heaven would make me such another world
Of one entire and perfect chrysolite
’I not have sold her for it.”

CORAL
Says Lucentio in Act 1, Scene 1, of the “Taming of the Shrew”:

“I saw her coral lips to move

And with her breath she did perfume the air:
Sacred and sweet was all I saw in her.”

The charming Ariel in “The Tempest,” (Act 1, Scene 2) sings:

“Full fathom five thy father lies:

Of his bones are coral made:
Those are pearls that were his eyes:
Nothing of him that doth fade
But doth suffer a sea-change
Into something rich and strange.”

CRYSTAL

“But in that crystal scales let there be weighed

Your lady’s love against some other maid,”

says Benvolio to Romeo.

(“Romeo and Juliet,” Act 1, Sc. 2.)

In “Love’s Labours Lost” (Act 2, Scene 1) Boyet tells the Princess of

France:
 “Methought all his senses were locked in his eye,
As jewels in crystal for some prince to buy.”

In Act 4, Scene 3, of the same play, the King says:

“‘Ay, me!’ says one: ‘O, Jove!’ the other cries:

One, her hairs were gold, crystal the other’s eyes.”

In Act 3, Scene 2 of “A Midsummer Night’s Dream,” the awakening

Demetrius sings Helen’s praises:

“O Helen, goddess, nymph, perfect, divine!

To what, my love, shall I compare thine eyne?
Crystal is muddy.”

In Act 2, Scene 1, of “King John,” Queen Eleanor says of the sad

sensitive Arthur:

“His mother shames him so, poor boy, he weeps,”

Constance retorting:

“Now shame upon you whether she does or no!

His grandam’s wrongs, and not his mother’s shames,
Draws those heaven-moving pearls from his poor eyes,
Which Heaven shall take in nature of a fee:
Ay, with these crystal beads Heaven shall be bribed
To do him justice and revenge on you.”

Bolingbroke in “Richard II” (Act 1, Scene 1) says:

“Since the more fair and crystal is the sky,

The uglier seem the clouds that in it fly.”

Says Bardolph in “Henry V” (Act 2, Scene 3):

“Go clear thy crystals.”

At the opening of “King Henry VI,” Bedford has the famous lines:
 “Hung be the heavens with black, yield day to night,
Comets, importing change of times and states,
Brandish your crystal tresses in the sky.”

In Act 5, Scene 4, of “Cymbeline,” the ghost father Sicilius says:

“Thy crystal window ope: look out.”

“Two Gentlemen of Verona,” Act. 2, Scene 4:

“But that his mistress

Did hold his eyes locked in his crystal looks.”

The poetic use of crystal has its basis in ancient mystical philosophy,
which is partly noticed in the section under CRYSTAL.

DIAMOND
Shakespeare alludes to the diamond twenty-one times, most of all in
“Cymbeline.”
Imogen gives Posthumus as a pledge of affection her diamond ring:

“This diamond was my mother’s: take it, heart.”

The diamond is mentioned four times as an important part of the

plot in the bargain between Posthumus and Iachimo:

“If she went before others I have seen, as that diamond outlustres
many
I have beheld, I could not but believe that she excelled many: but I
have not
seen the most precious diamond that is, nor you the lady.”

Posthumus: “I praised her as I rated her: so do I my stone.”

“I shall but lend my diamond till you return.”
Iachimo: “My ten thousand ducats are yours: so is your diamond too: if
I come off.”

In Act 2, Scene 4, poor Posthumus says:

 “All is well yet,
Sparkles this stone as it was wont?”

alluding to the ancient belief that the diamond turned dull when
lovers proved unfaithful.

“... The stone’s too hard to come by.”

Iachimo: “I beg but leave to air this jewel: see! it must be married
To that your diamond.”

In Act 5, Scene 5, Cymbeline asks Iachimo:

“That diamond upon your finger—say,

How came it yours?”

The diamond is mentioned three times in Pericles:

Maisa: “To me he seems like diamond to glass.” (Act II, Sc. 3.)
Helicanus: “Whom if you find, and win unto return,
You shall like diamonds sit about his crown.”
Cerimon: “She is alive: behold
Her eyelids, cases to those heavenly jewels
Which Pericles hath lost,
Begin to part their fringes of bright gold:
The diamonds of a most praised water
Do appear, to make the world twice rich.”

The diamond is mentioned three times in King Henry VI:

“To me he seems like diamond to glass.”
Pericles, Act II, Sc.
3.
Suffolk: “So farewell Reignier: set this diamond safe
In golden palaces, as it becomes.”
(Part 1, Act V, Sc.
8.)
The Queen: “I took a costly jewel from my neck,
A heart it was, bound in with diamonds,
And threw it towards thy land.”
(Part 2, Act III, Sc.
2.)

Horoscope of Shakespeare
King Henry: “My crown is in my heart not on my head:
Not decked with diamonds and Indian stones
Nor to be seen: my crown is called content
A crown it is that seldom kings enjoy.”
(Part 3, Act III, Sc.
1.)

In the “Comedy of Errors,” the diamond is twice mentioned:

The Courtezan: “Give me the ring of mine you had at dinner,

Or for my diamond, the chain you promised.”
(Act IV,
Sc.
3.)
The Courtezan: “Sir, I must have that diamond from you.”
(Act V,
Sc.
1.)

In Act 3, Scene 3, in “The Merry Wives of Windsor,” Falstaff says to

Mistress Ford:

“I see how thine eye would emulate the diamond.”

The Princess in “Love’s Labours Lost,” Act 5, Scene 2, speaks of a

“Lady walled about with diamonds.”

In “Timon of Athens,” Act 3, Scene 6, the Fourth Lord says:

“One day he gives us diamonds, next dry stones.”

In “The Merchant of Venice,” Act 3, Scene 1, Shylock exclaims,

“A diamond gone, cost me two thousand ducats in Frankfort.”

In “Macbeth,” Act 2, Scene 1, Banquo presents the King’s diamond

with the words:
 “This diamond he greets your wife withal.”

In “King Lear,” Act 4, Scene 3, the gentleman tells Kent:

“You have seen

Sunshine and rain at once: her smiles and tears
Were like a better way: those happy smilets,
That played on her ripe lip, seemed not to know
What guests were in her eyes: which parted thence
As pearls from diamonds dropped.”

EMERALD
Emerald is mentioned but once—in Act 5, Scene 5, of “The Merry
Wives of Windsor,” when Mistress Quickly says:

“And ‘Honi soit qui mal y pense,’ write

In emerald tufts, flowers purple, blue and white:
Like sapphire, pearl and rich embroidery
Buckled below fair knighthood’s bending knee.”

FLINT
Talbot: “God is our fortress in whose conquering name
Let us resolve to scale their flinty bulwarks.”
(“King Henry VI,” Part 1, Act II, Sc. 1.)
Gloucester: “Uneath may she endure the flinty streets.”
Duchess of Gloucester: “The ruthless flint doth cut my tender feet.”
(Henry VI, Part 2, Act II, Sc. 4.)
Queen Margaret: “Because thy flinty heart more hard than they....”
(Henry VI, Part 2, Act III, Sc. 2.)
York: (aside): “Scarce can I speak my choler is so great:
Oh, I could hew up rocks and fight with flint
I am so angry at these abject terms.”
(Henry VI, Part 2, Act V, Sc. 1.)
York: “Women are soft, mild, pitiful and flexible:
Thou stern, obdurate, flinty, rough, remorseless.”
(Henry VI, Part 3, Act I, Sc. 4.)
Richard: “Then Clifford were thy heart as hard as steel
As thou hast shown it flinty by thy deeds
I come to pierce it or to give thee mine.”
(Henry VI, Part 3, Act II, Sc. 1.)
Lucius: “Searching the window for a flint I found
This paper, thus sealed up.”
(Julius Caesar, Act II, Sc. 3.)
Brutus: “O Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb
That carries anger as the flint bears fire.”
(Julius Caesar, Act IV, Sc. 3.)
Enobarbus: “Throw my heart
Against the flint and hardness of my fault.”
(Antony and Cleopatra, Act IV, Sc. 9.)
Thersites: “There were wit in this head, an ’twould out: and so
there is, but it lies a coldly in him as fire in a flint,
which will not show without knocking.”
(Troilus and Cressida, Act III, Sc. 3.)
Demetrius: “But be your heart to them
As unrelenting flint to drops of rain.”
(Titus Andronicus, Act II, Sc. 3.)
Marcus: “My heart is not compact of flint nor steel.”
(Titus Andronicus, Act V, Sc. 3.)
Gower: “Make raging battery upon shores of flint.”
(Pericles, Act IV, Sc. 4.)
Poet: “The fire i’ the flint shows not till it be struck.”
(Timon of Athens, Act I, Sc. 1.)
Timon: “What, dost thou weep? Come nearer. Then I love thee.
Because thou art a woman and disclaim’st
Flinty Mankind.”
(Timon of Athens, Act IV, Sc. 3.)
Friar Lawrence: “Here comes the lady: oh, so light a foot
Will ne’er wear out the everlasting flint.”
(Romeo and Juliet, Act II, Sc. 6.)
Gloucester: “I would to God my heart were flint, like Edward’s.”
(Richard III, Act I, Sc. 3.)
Belarius: “... Weariness
Can snore upon the flint, when resty sloth
Finds the down pillow hard.”
(Cymbeline, Act III, Sc. 6.)
First Priest: “... For charitable prayers,
Shards, flints and pebbles should be thrown on
her.”
(Hamlet, Act V, Sc. 1.)
Bastard: “Till their soul-fearing clamours have brawled down
The flinty ribs of this contemptuous city.”
(King John, Act II, Sc. 2.)
King Richard: “Go to Flint castle: there ’Il pine away;
A King, woe’s slave, shall kingly woe obey.”
(Richard II, Act III, Sc. 2.)
Queen: “This is the way
To Julius Caesar’s ill-erected tower,
To whose flint bosom my condemned lord
Is doomed a prisoner by proud Bolingbroke.”
(Richard II, Act V, Sc. 2.)
King Richard: “How these vain weak nails
May tear a passage through the flinty ribs
Of this hard world.”
(Richard 2, Act V, Sc. 5.)
King Henry: “He hath a tear for pity and a hand
O d f li h i
 Open as day for melting charity:
Yet notwithstanding, being incens’d, he’s flint.”
(Henry IV, Part 2, Act IV, Sc. 4.)
Othello: “The tyrant custom, most grave senators,
Hath made the flinty and steel couch of war
My thrice-driven bed of down.”
(Othello, Act I, Sc. 3.)
Helena: “Which gratitude
Through flinty Tartar’s bosom would peep forth,
And answer ‘Thanks.’”
(All’s Well that Ends Well, Act IV, Sc. 4.)
Duke: “Pluck commiseration of his state
From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint.”
(Merchant of Venice, Act IV, Sc. 1.)
Viola: “My master, not myself, lacks recompense,
Love make his heart of flint that you shall love;
And let your fervour like my master’s, be
Placed in contempt! Farewell, fair cruelty.”
(Twelfth Night, Act I, Sc. 5.)
Holofernes: “Fire enough for a flint, pearl enough for a swine.”
(Love’s Labours Lost, Act IV, Sc. 2.)
Volumnia: “Oh, stand up blest,
Whilst, with no softer cushion than the flint,
I kneel before thee.”
(Coriolanus, Act V, Sc. 3.)
JET

Gloucester: “What colour is my gown of?”

Simpcox: “Black, forsooth: coal black as jet.”
King: “Why then, thou know’st what colour jet is of?”
Suffolk: “And yet, I think, jet did he never see.”
(Henry VI, Part 2, Act II, Sc. 1.)
Titus: “Provide two proper palfreys, black as jet,
To hale thy vengeful waggon swift away.”
(Titus Andronicus, Act V, Sc. 2.)
 Salarino: “There is more difference between thy flesh and hers than
between jet and ivory.”
(Merchant of Venice, Act III, Sc. 1.)

LAPIS LAZULI

Evans: “What is ‘lapis,’ William?”

William: “A stone.”
Evans: “And what is a ‘stone,’ William?”
William: “A pebble.”
Evans: “No, it is ‘lapis’: I pray you, remember in your prain.”
William: “Lapis.”
Evans: “That is a good William.”
(The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act IV, Sc. 1.)

MARBLE
Card. Wolsey: “When I am forgotten, as I shall be:
And sleep in dull, cold marble.”
(Henry VIII, Act III, Sc. 2.)
King Henry: “Her tears will pierce into a marble heart.”
(Henry VI, Part 3, Act III, Sc. 2.)
Gloster: “He plies her hard: and much rain wears the marble.”
(Henry VI, Part 3, Act III, Sc. 2.)
Sicilius: “Peep through thy marble mansion.”
Sicilius: “The marble pavement closes.”
(Cymbeline, Act V, Sc. 4.)
Lavinia: “The milk from her did turn to marble.”
(Titus Andronicus, Act II, Sc. 3.)
Othello: “Now by yond marble heaven,
In the due reverence of a sacred vow
I here engage my words.”
(Othello, Act III, Sc. 3.)
Hamlet: “O, answer me! why the sepulchre
Wherein we saw thee quietly inurn’d,
Hath oped his ponderous and marble jaws,
To cast thee up again.”
(Hamlet, Act I, Sc. 4.)
Duke: “And he, a marble to her tears, is washed with them, but
relents not.”
(Measure for Measure, Act III, Sc. 1.)
Mariana: “Let me in safety raise me from my knees:
Or else forever be confixed here,
A marble monument!”
(Measure for Measure, Act V, Sc. 1.)
Macbeth: “I had else been perfect,
Whole as the marble.”
(Macbeth, Act III, Sc. 4.)
3rd Gentleman: “Who was most marble there, changed colour.”
(The Winter’s Tale, Act V, Sc. 2.)
Andriana: “If voluble and sharp discourse be marred,
Unkindness blunts it more than marble hard.”
(Comedy of Errors, Act II, Sc. 1.)
 OPAL

Clown: “Now, the melancholy god protect thee: and the tailor make
thy doublet of changeable taffeta, for thy mind is a very opal.”
(Twelfth Night, Act II, Sc. 4.)

PEARL
Ariel: “Those are pearls that were his eyes.” (See Coral.)
(Tempest, Act I, Sc. 1.)
Macduff: “I see thee encompass’d with thy kingdom’s pearl
That speak my salutation in their minds.”
(Macbeth, Act V, Sc. 8.)
Constance: “Those heaven-moving pearls.” (See Crystal.)
(King John, Act II, Sc. 1.)
Othello: ... “Of one whose hand,
Like the base Indian, threw a pearl away
Richer than all his tribe.”
(Othello, Act V, Sc. 2.)
King: “Hamlet, this pearl is thine:
Here’s to thy health.”
(Hamlet, Act V, Sc. 2.)
Lear: “As pearls from diamonds dropped.” (See
#Diamond:DIAMOND.)
(King Lear, Act IV, Sc. 3.)
Quickly: “Like sapphire, pearl and rich embroidery.” (See Emerald.)
(Merry Wives of Windsor, Act V, Sc. 5.)
Valentine: “And I, as rich in having such a jewel
As twenty seas, if all their sand were pearl,
The water nectar and the rocks pure gold.”
(Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act II, Sc. 4.)
Proteus: “A sea of melting pearl which some call tears.”
(Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act III, Sc. 1.)
Proteus: “But pearls are fair: and the old saying is,
Black men are pearls in beauteous ladies’ eyes.”
Julia (aside): “’Tis true: such pearls as put out ladies’ eyes:
For I had rather wink than look on them.”
(Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act V, Sc. 2.)
Lord: “Or wilt thou ride? thy horses shall be trapped,
Their harness studded all with gold and pearl.”
(Taming of the Shrew, Induction, Sc. 2.)
Gremio: “In ivory coffers I have stuffed my crowns:
.... Fine linen, Turkey cushions bossed with pearl.”
(Taming of the Shrew, Act II, Sc. 1.)
Tranio: “Why, sir, what ’cerns it you if I wear pearl and gold?”
 (Taming of the Shrew, Act V, Sc. 1.)
Touchstone: “Rich honesty dwells like a miser, sir, in a rich house:
as your pearl in your foul oyster.”
(As You Like It, Act V, Sc. 4.)
Margaret: “I saw the Duchess of Milan’s gown that they praise so By
my troth’s but a night-gown in respect of yours: cloth o’
gold, and cuts, and laced with silver, set with pearls, down
sleeves, side sleeves, and skirts, round underbone with a
bluish tinsel.”
(Much Ado About Nothing, Act III, Sc. 4.)
Holofernes: “Pearl enough for a swine.” (See Flint.)
(Love’s Labours Lost, Act IV, Sc. 2.)
Maria: “This and these pearls to me sent Longaville.”
Princess: “What, will you have me or your pearl again?”
(Love’s Labours Lost, Act V, Sc. 2.)
Lysander: “Tomorrow night when Phoebe doth behold
Her silver visage in the watery glass,
Decking with liquid pearl the bladed glass
A time that lovers’ flights doth still conceal,
Through Athens’ gates have we devised to steal.”
(A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act I, Sc. 1.)
Fairy: “I must go seek some dewdrops here
And hang a pearl in every cowslip’s ear.”
(Act II, Sc. 1.)
Oberon: “And that same dew which sometime on the buds
Was wont to swell like round and orient pearls,
Stood now within the pretty flowerets’ eyes.”
(Act IV, Sc. 1.)
Sebastian: “This is the air: that is the glorious sun:
This pearl she gave me, I do feel’t and see’t
And though ’tis wonder that enwraps me thus,
Yet ’tis not madness.”
(Twelfth Night, Act IV, Sc. 3.)
Falstaff: “Your brooches, pearls and ouches.”
(Henry IV, Part 2, Act II,
Sc. 4.)
King Henry: “I am a king that find thee, and I know
’Tis not the balm, the sceptre, and the ball,
The sword, the mace, the crown imperial,
The intertissued robe of gold and pearl,
The farced title running ’fore the King,
The throne he sits on nor the tide of pomp
That beats upon the high shore of the world.”
(Henry V, Act IV, Sc. 1.)
Clarence: “Methought I saw a thousand fearful wrecks:
Ten thousand men that fishes gnawed upon:
Wedges of gold, great anchors, heaps of pearl,
 Inestimable stones, unvalued jewels,
All scattered in the bottom of the sea:
Some lay in dead men’s skulls: and, in those holes
Where eyes did once inhabit, there were crept
As ’twere in scorn of eyes, reflecting gems.”
(King Richard III, Act I, Sc. 4.)
King Richard: “The liquid drops of tears that you have shed
Shall come again, transformed to orient pearl.”
(Act IV, Sc. 4.)
Cleopatra: “How goes it with my brave Mark Antony?
Alexas: “ Last thing he did, dear Queen,
He kissed—the last of many doubled kisses—
The orient pearl. His speech sticks in my heart.”
Cleopatra: “Mine ears must pluck it thence.”
Alexas: “‘Good friend,’ quote he,
‘Say the firm Roman to great Egypt sends
This treasure of an oyster.’”
(Antony and Cleopatra, Act I, Sc. 5.)
Cleopatra: “’Il set thee in a shower of gold and hail
Rich pearls upon thee.”
(Act II, Sc. 2.)
Troilus: “Her bed is India: there she lies, a pearl.”
(Troilus and Cressida, Act I,
Sc. 1.)
Troilus: “Why, she is a pearl,
Whose price hath launched above a thousand ships,
And turned crowned kings to merchants.”
(Act II, Sc. 2.)
Aaron: “I will be bright and shine in pearl and gold,
To wait upon this new-made empress.”
(Titus Andronicus. Act II, Sc. 1.)
Lucius: “This is the pearl that pleased your empress’ eye,
And here’s the base fruit of his burning lust.”
(Act V, Sc. 1.)
RUBY
Fairy: “The cowslips tall her pensioners be:
In their gold coats spots you see:
Those be rubies, fairy favours,
In those freckles live their savours.”
(A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act II, Sc. 1.)
Macbeth: “You make me strange
When now I think you can behold such sights,
And keep the natural ruby of your cheeks,
When mine is blanched with fear.”
(Macbeth, Act III, Sc. 4.)
Mark Antony: “Over thy wounds now do I prophesy—
Which like dumb mouths do ope their ruby lips,
To beg the voice and utterance of my tongue.”
(Julius Caesar. Act III.
Sc. 1.)
Dromio: “Embellished with rubies, carbuncles, sapphires.”
(See Carbuncle.)
(Comedy of Errors. Act III. Sc. 2.)

SAPPHIRE

Mistress Quickly: “Like sapphire, pearl and rich embroidery.”

(See Emerald.)
Merry Wives of Windsor.[ Act V., Sc. 5.)
Dromio: “Embellished with rubies, carbuncles, sapphires.”
(See Carbuncle.)
(Comedy of Errors, Act III, Sc. 2.)

TURQUOISE

Shylock: “Thou torturest me, Tubal: it was my turquoise:

I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor: I would
not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys.”
(Merchant of Venice, Act III, Sc. 1.)

UNION
 In Hamlet, Shakespeare mentions the pearl twice under the name
UNION.

King: “The King shall drink to Hamlet’s better breath;

And in the cup an union shall he throw,
Richer than that which four successive kings
In Denmark’s crown have worn.”
Hamlet: “Drink of this potion. Is thy union here?”
(Act. V, Sc. 2.)
 CHAPTER XXXIII
FORMS, COMPOSITIONS, CHARACTERISTICS,
ZODIACAL CLASSIFICATION, AND
PLACES OF ORIGIN

AMBER
Hardness: 2-2.5.
Lustre: Resinous.
Chemical Composition: Carbon 78.96. Hydrogen 10.51. Oxygen 10.52.
Specific Gravity: 1.10-1.13.
Properties: Becomes highly electric by friction. When submitted to heat, organic
compounds escape and leave a black residue.
In the Zodiac: Amber is under the heavenly Taurus.
Where found: Chiefly on the Baltic coast. On the Danish coast. Parts of Asia, etc.

BERYL
EMERALD—AQUAMARINE

Crystalline System: Hexagonal.

Hardness: 7.5-8.
Lustre: Vitreous or Resinous. Transparent to translucent.
Refraction: Weakly double.
Chemical Composition: Silicate of Aluminium and Beryllium.
Chemical Symbol: Be3 Al_{2 (SiO_{3)C.
Specific Gravity: 2.63-2.75.
Dichroism: Distinct.
Properties: Exhibits frictional electricity. The emerald clouds before the blowpipe
flame without fusing but under intensified heat the edges curve. With Borax the
stone melts into a pale green bead. It resists acids but is affected by
microcosmic salt. The stone is so fragile when taken out of the mine that friction
crumbles it.
In the Zodiac: All varieties of Beryls are under the Heavenly Taurus.
Where found: Generally all over the world. Chiefly in Ekaterinburg, Brazil, India,
United States, Australia.

CHRYSOBERYL
ALEXANDRITE—ORIENTAL CHRYSOLITE—CYMOPHANE OR CHRYSOBERYL—CATSEYE

Crystalline System: Orthorhombic.

Hardness: 8.5.
Lustre: Vitreous. Transparent to translucent.
Refraction: Double.
Chemical Composition: Alumina 80.2. Glucina 19.8.
Chemical Symbol: BeAl2O4.
Specific Gravity: 3.7-3.86.
Dichroism: Strong in Alexandrite. Distinct in Chrysoberyl.
Properties: Crystals exhibit remarkable twinning at times. Chrysoberyl is highly
electric and when submitted to frictional agitation holds electricity for a long
time. Not affected by acids. Under the blowpipe it is unaltered and infusible, but
it fuses tardily with borax or microcosmic salt. The Alexandrite variety which, as
Professor J. G. Dana says, bears the same relation to ordinary Chrysoberyl as
Emerald to Beryl, displays curious changes of colour from leafy green to
raspberry red in real and artificial lights.
In the Zodiac: Chrysoberyl is under the Heavenly Pisces; Alexandrite is under the
Heavenly Aquarius.
Where found: Ceylon, Brazil, Russia, Ireland, Australia, etc.

CORUNDUM
SAPPHIRE, RUBY, ORIENTAL AMETHYST, ORIENTAL EMERALD, ETC.

Crystalline System: Rhombohedral.

Hardness: 9.
Lustre: Transparent to translucent.
Refraction: Moderately double.
Chemical Composition: Aluminium 53-53.2. Oxygen 46.8.
Chemical Symbol: Al2O3.
Specific Gravity: 3.90-4.16.
Dichroism: Strong.
Properties: Submitted to friction exhibits electrical properties which withdraw very
slowly. Acids do not affect Corundum, but under the blowpipe in borax or
microcosmic salt it gradually melts to a transparent globule. Radium influences
the colour strongly, so much indeed as to impart it in achromatic specimens.
The stone is variously affected by heat. Treated by Sir William Crooks by
exposure to high tension electric currents in a similar way to the diamond the
 ruby phosphoresced with an intense red light, and the sapphire with an intense
blue. Dr. T. Coke Squance of Sunderland, well-known in connection with radio-
therapeutical research, has succeeded in transforming a faint pink sapphire into
a fine ruby. During the process of transformation the lustre of the stone was so
intensified that it nearly assumed the brilliancy of a diamond. Dr. Squance
observed that both radium and X-rays cause a diamond to glow with a green
light. “Besides the diamond,” he says, "a mineral called Kunzite glows with a
lovely red hue. I submitted a sapphire to the Radium rays for a long period and
it turned to a glorious red. In fact, it had become a ruby. I have similarly
transformed other stones, a faint green sapphire, for instance, turning into an
oriental emerald." Sir William Crooks noted the sage-green colour of the
diamond under Radium, but found that the colour could easily be removed by
mechanical means.
In the Zodiac: Blue and green sapphires are under the Heavenly Aquarius; white
are under the Heavenly Pisces; yellow or Oriental Topaz and Rubies are under
the Heavenly Leo. Oriental Amethyst is under the Heavenly Sagittarius.
Where found: Ceylon, China, Burma, Russia, East Indies, United States of America,
Australia (chiefly Queensland), etc.

DIAMOND
DIAMOND—BOART

Crystalline System: Isometric.

Forms: Octahedron, dodecahedron. Crystals frequently twinned.
Hardness: 10. Scratches every other stone.
Lustre: Adamantine. Transparent and when dark, translucent.
Refraction: Single.
Chemical Composition: Pure Carbon.
Chemical Symbol: C.
Specific Gravity: 3.50-3.55.
Properties: Exhibits positive electricity when rubbed, but is itself a non-conductor
of electricity. When intensely heated it burns, yielding Carbonic Anhydride.
When heated so as to exclude chemical combination it dilates and forms into a
black concretion. It displays phosphorescence under Radium, when submitted to
strong sunlight and, when put in a vacuum tube, to a high tension electric
current. Dr. G. F. Herbert Smith found that "some diamonds fluoresce in
sunlight, turning milky, and a few emit light when rubbed." Dr. Kunz proved that
diamonds phosphoresce when exposed to the rays of Radium, Polonium, or
Actinium, even when glass is interposed. These phenomena formed special
object of experiment with the late Sir William Crooks, who showed that exposed
to high tension electric currents in greatly rarified atmosphere, the diamond
phosphoresced with an intense green light. Prismatic colours are radiated by this
gem.
In the Zodiac: The Diamond is under the Heavenly Aries, Leo and Libra.
Where found: India, Borneo, Brazil, South Africa, Siberia, Australia, United States
of America.

GARNET
ALMANDINE, PYROPE, HESSONITE, (GARNET HYACINTH), UVAROVITE

Crystalline Form: Isometric.

Hardness: 6.5-7.5.
Lustre: Vitreous.
Refraction: Single.
Chemical Composition: Silica Alumina, Red Iron Oxide, Lime Magnesia,
Manganese, Protoxide.
Chemical Symbol: Dr. Smith has the following formulae:
Hessonite Ca3 Al2(SiO4)3.
Pyrope Mg3 Al2(SiO4)3.
Almandine Fe3Al2(SiO4O)3.
Andradite Ca3Fe2(SiO4O)3.
Specific Gravity: 3.4-4.3.
Properties: Exhibits positive electricity by friction. With the exception of Uvarovite,
all varieties of Garnets fuse before the blowpipe flame. The stone generally does
not contain water.
In the Zodiac: The Almandine is under the Heavenly Sagittarius; the Pyrope,
Aquarius; Hessonite, Virgo; Uvarovite, Aquarius.
Where found: Generally all over the world.

OPAL
Crystalline System: None.
Form: Amorphous.
Hardness: 5.5-6.5.
Lustre: Waxy to subvitreous.
Refraction: Single.
Chemical Composition: Silica 91.32. Water 8.68.
Chemical Symbol: SiO2, n=SiO2nH2O.
Specific Gravity: 1.9-2.3.
Properties: No electrical properties. Opal exhibits characteristic colour reflections
known as Opalescence. It is susceptible to heat and weather changes, exhibiting
greater brilliancy on hot than on cold days. The opal has never yet been
successfully imitated, and certain peculiar properties yet remain to be
investigated. Professor Frank Rutley F. G. S., emphasises the fact that "the
 nature of the Silica (Hydrous Silica) is not yet definitely determined." It is
infusible before the blowpipe, but turns opaque.
In the Zodiac: The Opal is under the Heavenly Leo, Libra and Aquarius. Leo
favours red and fire opal; Libra, light translucent, pure colours, etc.; Aquarius,
dark, black Opal, etc.
Where found: Hungary, Honduras, Mexico, United States. The finest opal is now
found in Australia, principally at Lightning Ridge, White Cliffs, Stuart’s Range,
Charleville, etc. (Mr. Conrad H. Sayce gives (“Australasian,” March issue, 1920)
an analysis of Stuart’s Range opal, bearing earth which contains about 35 per
cent each of Alumina and Sulphur trioxide. He opines that this may account for
the harmful effect it has on the men’s eyes and lungs.)

PEARL
Hardness: 3.5-4.
Lustre: Translucent.
Chemical Composition: Carbonate of Lime and Organic matter.
Specific Gravity: 2.65-2.89.
Properties: Affected by acids. Benefitted by some skins, adversely affected by
others. Destroyed by fire.
Where found: Persian Gulf, Ceylon, Red Sea, South America, New Guinea,
Thursday Island, Australia, etc.
In the Zodiac: Pearls are under the Heavenly Cancer.

PERIDOT
CHRYSOLITE—OLIVINE

Crystalline System: Orthorhombic.

Hardness: 6-7.
Lustre: Vitreous. Transparent to translucent.
Refraction: Double.
Chemical Composition: Silicate of Magnesium and Iron.
Chemical Symbol: (Mg,Fe)2SiO4.
Specific Gravity: 3.3-3.5.
Dichroism: Distinct.
Properties: Friction induces electricity in the stone which is infusible before the
blowpipe, but is affected, whitening and forming with Borax, a yellow bead.
Decomposes in Hydrochloric acid.
In the Zodiac: The Peridot is under the Heavenly Pisces.
Where found: United States, Ireland, Australia, (Queensland particularly), etc. A
large number of Meteorites contain Peridots.

QUARTZ
 ROCK CRYSTAL, AMETHYST, CAIRNGORM, CHRYSOPRASE, CATSEYE, PLASMA, JASPER,
CARNELIAN, AGATE, ONYX, SARDONYX, MOSS AGATE

Crystalline System: Rhombohedral.

Hardness: 7.
Lustre: Vitreous. Splendent to dull and resinous.
Refraction: Double.
Chemical Composition: Silicon 46.67. Oxygen 53.33.
Chemical Symbol: SiO2.
Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.8. In pure crystals 2.65.
Dichroism: Distinct.
Properties: Generates positive electricity by friction. It is infusible under the
blowpipe, but effervesces with Carbonate of Soda. Although it resists the
common acids it may be dissolved in Hydrofluoric.
In the Zodiac: Rock Crystal is under the Heavenly Pisces; Amethyst is under the
Heavenly Aries; Cairngorm under the Heavenly Scorpio; Chrysoprase under the
Heavenly Cancer; Catseye under the Heavenly Capricorn; Plasma under the
Heavenly Virgo; Jasper under the Heavenly Virgo; Bloodstone under the
Heavenly Leo; Camelian under the Heavenly Leo; Agate under the Heavenly
Scorpio; Onyx under the Heavenly Capricorn; Sardonyx under the Heavenly Leo;
Moss Agate under the Heavenly Taurus.
Where found: Distributed plentifully about the world. Rock Amethyst is found in
the United States, Brazil, India, Ceylon, Ekaterinburg, Australia, etc. Mr. R. J.
Dunn, late Victorian Geologist, discovered large quantities of Rose Quartz in
South Africa. It is also found in the United States, Russia, Australia and other
places. Catseyes are found in Ceylon and India. Cairngorm is found in Scotland,
United States, Australia, etc. Chrysoprase is found in the United States and
other places.

SPINEL
SPINEL RUBY, BALAS RUBY, RUBICELLE, PLEONASTE OR CEYLONITE

Crystalline System: Isometric.

Hardness: 8-8½.
Lustre: Vitreous.
Refraction: Single.
Chemical Composition: Alumina 72. Magnesia 28.
Chemical Symbol: MgAl2O4.
Specific Gravity: 3.5-4.0.
Dichroism: None.
Properties: Does not display electricity when submitted to friction or heat, but
under heat the red spinel changes to brown. On cooling it becomes green, after
 which it is nearly colourless; then it resumes its pristine hue. Spinel crystals also
change into Hydrotalcite, a soft pearl-like stone of similar chemical composition.
Infusible alone under the blowpipe but yields slowly with Borax. It is soluble in
concentrated Sulphuric Acid.
In the Zodiac: Spinel, Balas, Almandine, Ruby and Sapphirine are under the
Heavenly Virgo. The Chloro-Spinel and the Pleonaste are under the Heavenly
Capricorn.
Where found: United States, Canada, Burma, Siam, Ceylon, Australia, etc. It is
discovered in granular limestone, in gneiss and rocks of volcanic origin.

SPODUMENE
KUNZITE—HIDDENITE

Crystalline Form: Monoclinic.

Hardness: 6.5-7.
Lustre: Pearly. Translucent to subtranslucent.
Refraction: Double.
Chemical Composition: Silicate of Aluminium and Lithium.
Chemical Symbol: Li A1 (Si O3)2.
Specific Gravity: 3.5-3.20.
Dichroism: Strong.
Properties: Electrical. Unaffected by acids. Under the blowpipe flame expands and
melts into a clear or opaque glass, indicating lithia by colouring the flame red.
Kunzite exhibits phosphorescence under Radium.
In the Zodiac: Spodumene and Kunzite are under the Heavenly Libra. Hiddenite
may be under the zodiacal Taurus.
Where found: United States of America, Madagascar, Brazil, Sweden, etc.

TOPAZ
Crystalline Form: Orthorhombic.
Hardness: 8.
Lustre: Vitreous. Transparent to translucent.
Refraction: Slightly double.
Chemical Composition: Silicate of Aluminium.
Chemical Symbol: [A1(F,OH)]2SiO4. (Penfold and Minor.)
Specific Gravity: 3.4-3.65.
Dichroism: Distinct.
Properties: Becomes strongly electric by friction, heat and pressure. Infusible
alone before the blowpipe flame, but with Borax melts into a bead. Changes
colour when heated.
In the Zodiac: The Topaz is under the Heavenly Scorpio.
Where found: Brazil, Ceylon, Mexico, United States, Australia, etc.
 TOURMALINE
Crystalline Form: Rhombohedral.
Hardness: 7-7.5.
Lustre: Vitreous.
Refraction: Double.
Chemical Composition: Varied, but all varieties include silicate of alumina, boracic
acid, iron, magnesia, lime and soda, sometimes lithia in small quantity, with
fluorine and trace of phosphoric acid.
Chemical Symbol: Professors Penford and Foote refer all varieties of Tourmaline to
(H6Na6Mg3Al2)3(Al,Fe)6(B,OH)4Si8O38,
Specific Gravity: 2.39-3.3.
Dichroism: Strong.
Properties: Becomes charged by heat and friction with positive and negative
electricity. Before the blowpipe flame the darker varieties fuse easily but the
lighter more tardily.
In the Zodiac: The Tourmaline family is under the Heavenly Gemini.
Where found: Brazil, Russia, California and other parts of the United States,
Ceylon, Australia, etc.

TURQUOISE
Crystalline Form: None.
Hardness: 6.
Lustre: Waxy.
Chemical Composition: Dr. Smith gives the composition as a complex phosphate of
Aluminium, iron and copper.
Chemical Symbol: Dr. Smith gives Penfold’s formula as
[Al(OH)2Fe(OH)2,Cu(OH),H]3PO4,
approaching nearly to H5Al2PO8.
Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.8.
Properties: Infusible before the blowpipe flame, but changes its colour to brown.
Dissolves in Hydrochloric acid. Is affected by acids, oils, the health of the
wearer, etc.
In the Zodiac: Turquoise is under the zodiacal Sagittarius.
Where found: Chiefly in Persia where the best specimens are found. Also found in
Mexico, Russia, United States, Australia, etc.

ZIRCON
ZIRCON, JARGOON, HYACINTH OR JACINTH

Crystalline System: Tetragonal.

Hardness: 7.5.
Lustre: Adamantine. Transparent to opaque.
Refraction: Strongly double.
Chemical Composition: Silica 33. Zirconia 67.
Chemical Symbol: ZR SiO4.
Specific Gravity: 4.6-4.86.
Properties: Exhibits frictional electricity. The Zircon is infusible before the blowpipe
flame but coloured specimens lose their colours. With borax Zircon melts under
the blowpipe into a transparent bead. Heated with lime the Zircon is
transformed into a straw-coloured stone which so closely resembles the yellow
diamond that it is sold to travellers by some unscrupulous Eastern dealers as the
more costly gem. Scientists have not yet been able to explain the constitution
and distinct characters of the Zircon satisfactorily. Professor Sir A. H. Church has
made a technical study of the zircon for over half a century, and is universally
accepted as its most authoritative student. In his researches he found that in
certain varieties of zircon the green and yellow stones, ground on copper wheel
with diamond dust, exhibit a sparkling orange light, and the intermediate golden
types radiate orange tints in the flame of a Bunsen burner. Students are seeking
for the unknown element which, blended with zirconium, defies detection. The
Zircon is very little affected by acids, except sulphuric acid after very long
steeping. It is also peculiar that when first heated the stone exhibits strong
phosphorescence, but as its colour leaves it, its specific gravity is magnified and
it will not again phosphoresce when reheated after cooling.
In the Zodiac: All varieties of Zircon are under Heavenly Virgo.
Where found: In almost every part of the world.
 CHAPTER XXXIV
GEMS IN HERALDRY, MAGICAL SQUARES OF
ABRA MELIN THE MAGE, CHARUBEL’S
GEM INFLUENCES, GEMS OF
COUNTRIES

GEMS IN HERALDRY

“Sweet mercy is nobility’s true badge.”

“Titus Andronicus.”

Without doubt the science of Heraldry was evolved from ancient

astrological philosophy.
Various distinctive badges, shields and tokens were employed by
the peoples of the past, but the system as known today did not
properly evolve much before the 13th Century. In the present book,
that section of Heraldry known as Blazoning by Planets and Precious
Stones deserves some passing notice. By Blazoning the Sovereigns
and Peers were distinguished, the former by the Planets and the
latter by precious stones, as shown in the following table:

Tincture Planet Precious Stone

Or Sun Topaz
Argent Moon Pearl
Sable Saturn Diamond
Gules Mars Ruby
Azure Jupiter Sapphire
 Vert Venus Emerald
Pupure Mercury Amethyst
Tenny Caput Draconis Jacinth
(Moon’s North
Node)
Sanguine Cauda Draconis Sardonyx
(Moon’s South
Node)

The planetary gem grouping is not quite accurate according to

astrological science, and the errors can be referred to the early
chroniclers. For example, the ruby is given to Mars and the topaz to
the Sun, whereas the ruby is a stone of the Sun and the topaz a
stone of Mars. Mars is termed Warlike and Violent in old works,
whilst the Sun is the emblem of Faithfulness and Constancy. At the
coronation of a British Sovereign a ruby ring emblematical of
Faithfulness and Constancy is placed on his finger.
Thus it is in harmony with the royal sign Leo—the sign of the Sun
—and the Monarch who is astrologically ruled by the Sun. The pearl
is correct for the Moon; the diamond is not a stone of Saturn; the
sapphire is not a stone of Jupiter; the emerald is correct for Venus;
the amethyst is not a stone of Mercury. The assigning of jacinth and
sardonyx to the North and the South Nodes of the Moon has not the
support of astrological science.
MAGICAL SQUARES OF ABRA MELIN THE MAGE

“The Wisdom of the Lord is an inexhaustible fountain, neither hath

there ever been a man born who could penetrate its veritable origin
and foundation.”
“The Second Book of the Sacred Magic.”

In that remarkable ancient magical work, “The Book of the Sacred

Magic of Abra Melin the Mage,” skillfully translated by a past
Rosicrucian adept, Monsieur le Comte Macgregor de Glenstrae, are a
number of symbolic Name Squares which were variously employed
by the old masters who so well knew the use of them. For the
finding of certain treasures which are not “magically guarded”
(“magically” may here be accepted in a wide sense) the following
symbolic power figures were employed:

For JEWELS:
B E L I A L
E B O R U A
L O V A R I
I R A V O L
A V R O B E
L A I L E B

This square, the Comte notes, is a square of 36 squares, and the

name BELIAL that of one of the four great chiefs of the Evil Spirits.

For PEARLS:

I A N A
A M E N
N E M A
A N A I

A square of 16 squares.

For DIAMONDS:

B I C E L O N
I R O L A T O
C O R A M A L
E L A M A L E
L A M A R O C
 O T A L O R I
N O L E C I B

A square of 49 squares.

For RUBIES:

S E G O R
E
G
O E
R B S

A border of 12 squares from a square of 25 squares.

The Comte translates SEGOR as “to break forth” or “to shut in,”
according as the root begins with S or SH.

For BALASSIUS RUBIES:

H E T I S E R
E
T
I
S
E C I N E S E
R H

Twenty squares from a square of 49.

For EMERALDS:
A S T A R O T
S A L I S T O
 T L A N B S R
A I N O N I A
R S B N A L T
O T S I L A S
T O R A T S A

A square of 49 squares. ASTAROT is set down in the Comte’s

notes as one of the 8 Sub Princes of the Evil Spirits.

To find stolen jewels, the following is given:

K I X A L I S
I R I N E Q I
X
A
L M
I Q
S K

The square consists of 22 squares taken from a square of 49

squares.
These and many similar figures were used by the Hermetic
philosophers in their occult scientific practices.
They can be nothing but interesting curiosities to the majority who
are ignorant of the trials, sufferings and disappointments of those
brave and faithful Fraters and Sorores who regarded no sin so great
as ingratitude and no tendency so foolish as incredulity. “For,” says
Abra Melin, “you must have Faith. Neither should you dispute
concerning that which you understand not. God out of nothingness
hath created all things, and all things have their being in Him.
Watch, labour and you will see.”
“PSYCHOLOGY OF BOTANY, MINERALS AND PRECIOUS STONES”
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