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Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
 APPENDIX I.

(A.) ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH INFANTRY OF

THE LINE. July, 1809.
N.B.—The star * affixed to a battalion’s station means that it had just returned
from Sir John Moore’s Corunna Campaign.
Establishment. Station of 2nd and
No. of Territorial or other Station of 1st
Officers and other Battalions [if
Regiment. Designation. Battalion.
men. any].
1st Royal Scots 4926 West Indies 2nd East
Indies; 3rd
Home*
[went to
Walcheren];
4th Home
2nd Queen’s Royal 906 Home* No 2nd
[went to battalion
Walcheren] raised
3rd The Buffs 1610 Peninsular Home
Field Army
4th King’s Own 2031 Home* Home [went
[went to to
Walcheren] Walcheren]
5th Northumberland 2031 Home* Home
Regiment [went to
Walcheren]
6th 1st Warwickshire 1820 Home* Home
[went to
Walcheren]
 7th Royal Fusiliers 2031 Nova Scotia Lisbon [later
Gibraltar]
8th The King’s 1610 West Indies Home [went
Regiment to
Walcheren]
9th East Norfolk 2289 Home* Peninsular
[went to Field Army
Walcheren]
10th North Lincoln 1610 Sicily Home [went
to
Walcheren]
11th North Devon 2031 Madeira Home [went
[later to
Peninsula] Walcheren]
12th East Suffolk 941 East Indies [Raised a 2nd
battalion in
1813]
13th 1st Somerset 1126 West Indies No 2nd
battalion
raised
14th Bucks 2290 East Indies 2nd Home*
Regiment[A] [Walcheren];
3rd Sicily
15th East Riding 1400 West Indies Home
Regiment
16th Bedfordshire
333 406 West Indies No 2nd
battalion
raised
17th Leicestershire 1151 East Indies No 2nd
battalion
raised
18th Royal Irish 1669 West Indies West Indies
19th 1st York, North 930 East Indies No 2nd
Riding battalion
raised
20th East Devon 930 Home* No 2nd
[went to battalion
Walcheren] raised
21st Royal North 1820 Sicily Home
British Fusiliers
22nd Cheshire 941 East Indies [Raised a 2nd
battalion in
1814]
23rd Royal Welsh 2079 Nova Scotia Home* [went
Fusiliers to
Walcheren]
24th 2nd Warwickshire 2031 Cape of Peninsular
Good Hope Field Army
25th King’s Own 1400 West Indies Home
Borderers
26th Cameronians 1610 Home* Home
[went to
Walcheren]
27th Inniskillings 3448 Sicily 2nd Battalion
Sicily; 3rd
battalion
Garrison of
Lisbon
28th North 2031 Home* Peninsular
Gloucestershire [went to Field Army
Walcheren]
29th Worcestershire 1126 Peninsular No 2nd
Field Army battalion
raised
30th Cambridgeshire 2242 East Indies Gibraltar [late
Lisbon]
31st Huntingdonshire 2079 Malta Peninsular
Field Army
32nd Cornwall 1820 Home* Home
[went to
Walcheren]
33rd 1st West Riding 941 East Indies No 2nd
battalion
raised
34th Cumberland 1845 East Indies Home [later to
Peninsula]
35th Sussex 1820 Sicily Home [went
to
Walcheren]
36th Herefordshire 1610 Home* Home
[went to
Walcheren]
37th North Hants 706 West Indies [Raised a 2nd
battalion in
1811]
38th 1st Stafford 1820 Home* Home
[went to
Walcheren]
39th Dorsetshire 1820 Malta Peninsular
Field Army
40th 2nd Somerset 1820 Peninsular Home
Field Army
41st None 696 Canada [Raised a 2nd
battalion
1814]
42nd Black Watch 2031 Home* Peninsular
[went to Field Army
Walcheren]
43rd Monmouth 2031 Peninsular Home* [went
Field to
Army* Walcheren]
44th 1st Essex 2030 Sicily Gibraltar
45th Nottinghamshire 1610 Peninsular Home
Field Army
46th South Devon 496 West Indies No 2nd
battalion
raised
47th Lancashire 2242 East Indies Home [later
Cadiz]
48th Northamptonshire 2251 Peninsular Peninsular
Field Army Field Army
49th Hertfordshire 906 Canada No 2nd
battalion
raised
50th West Kent 1820 Home* Home
[went to
Walcheren]
51st 2nd West Riding 906 Home* No 2nd
[went to battalion
Walcheren] raised
52nd Oxfordshire 2079 Peninsular Home* [went
Field to
Army* Walcheren]
53rd Shropshire 2242 East Indies Peninsular
Field Army
54th West Norfolk 706 West Indies No 2nd
battalion
raised
55th Westmoreland 706 West Indies No 2nd
battalion
raised
56th West Essex 2301 East Indies 2nd battalion
East Indies
[raised a 3rd
battalion
1813]
57th West Middlesex 1610 Gibraltar Home
[later
Portugal]
58th Rutland 1820 Sicily Garrison of
Lisbon
59th 2nd 1290 East Indies Home* [went
Nottinghamshire to
Walcheren]
60th Royal Americans 4847 West Indies 2nd battalion
West Indies;
3rd battalion
ditto; 4th
battalion
ditto; 5th
battalion
Peninsular
Field Army;
 6th and 7th
West Indies
61st South 1820 Peninsular Home
Gloucestershire Field Army
62nd Wiltshire 1610 Sicily Sicily
63rd West Suffolk 1610 West Indies Home [went
to
Walcheren]
64th 2nd Staffordshire 916 West Indies No 2nd
battalion
raised
65th 2nd Yorks, North 731 East Indies No 2nd
Riding battalion
raised
66th Berkshire 2031 East Indies Peninsular
Field Army
67th South Hants 2031 East Indies Home
68th Durham 716 West Indies No 2nd
battalion
raised
69th South 1337 East Indies Home
Lincolnshire
70th Surrey Regiment 706 West Indies No 2nd
battalion
raised
71st Glasgow 1820 Home* Home
Highlanders [went to
Walcheren]
72nd Highlanders 1600 East Indies Home
73rd 2nd Royal 1180 Sailing to Home [only
Highlanders N.S. Wales formed in
1809]
74th Highlanders 696 Home [went No 2nd
to battalion
Walcheren] raised
75th Highlanders 696 Home No 2nd
battalion
raised
76th Hindostan 1126 Home* No 2nd
Regiment [went to battalion
Walcheren] raised
77th East Middlesex 696 Home [went No 2nd
to battalion
Walcheren] raised
78th Rosshire Buffs 1885 East Indies Sicily [later
Home]
79th Cameron 1820 Home* Home
Highlanders [went to
Walcheren]
80th Staffordshire 1151 East Indies No 2nd
Volunteers battalion
raised
81st 2nd Loyal Lincoln 2079 Sicily Home* [went
to
Walcheren]
82nd Prince of Wales’ 1820 Home* Home
Volunteers [went to
Walcheren]
83rd None 2461 Cape of Peninsular
Good Hope Field Army
84th York and 2276 East Indies Home [went
Lancaster to
Walcheren]
85th Bucks Volunteers 716 Home [went No 2nd
to battalion
Walcheren] raised
86th Leinster Regiment 731 East Indies [Raised a 2nd
battalion
1814]
87th Prince of Wales’ 2299 Cape of Peninsular
Irish Fusiliers Good Hope Field Army
88th Connaught 2031 Peninsular Lisbon [later
Rangers Field Army Gibraltar]
89th None 2031 Cape of Gibraltar
Good Hope
90th Perthshire 1610 West Indies Home
Volunteers
 91st Highlanders 1390 Home* Home
[went to
Walcheren]
92nd Gordon 1820 Home* Home
Highlanders [went to
Walcheren]
93rd Sutherland 1126 Cape of [Raised a
Highlanders Good Hope second
battalion
1814]
94th Scotch Brigade 696 Home No 2nd
battalion
raised
95th Rifles 2283 Peninsular 2nd Home*
Field [went to
Army* Walcheren]
3rd Home
[only just
raised]
96th None 1400 West Indies Home
97th Queen’s Germans 907 Peninsular No 2nd
Field Army battalion
raised
98th None 906 Bermuda No 2nd
battalion
raised
99th Prince of Wales’ 696 Bermuda No 2nd
Tipperary battalion
raised
100th County of Dublin 696 Canada No 2nd
battalion
raised
101st Duke of York’s 906 West Indies No 2nd
Irish battalion
raised
102nd New South Wales 906 New South No 2nd
Wales battalion
raised
 103rd None 486 Canada No 2nd
battalion
raised

3rd and
1st 2nd
Total. Junior Total.
Battalions. Battalions.
Battalions.
At Home 25
334
42
335
3
336
70
Peninsula 11
337
15 2 28
Sicily and Malta 10 3 1 14
East Indies 21 2 0 23
West Indies 21 2 4 27
Cape of Good
5 0 0 5
Hope
Canada and Nova
6 0 0 6
Scotia
New South Wales 2 0 0 2
Gibraltar and
2 2 0 4
Madeira
Total 0 0 0 179

A consideration of the prefixed table of “establishments” shows the

following results. Putting aside the regiments with many battalions (the 1st,
14th, 27th, 60th, 95th), the remainder fall into two-battalion and single-
battalion corps.
Of the 61 double-battalion regiments—
338
9 were at a strength of 2250 or thereabouts.
339
17 were at a strength of 2031 or thereabouts.
340
16 were at a strength of 1820 or thereabouts.
341
12 were at a strength of 1610 or thereabouts.
342
7 were at a strength of under 1600.

All the regiments on the two higher establishments (with one exception)
had both battalions on active service in 1809, either one in the Indies and one
in Europe, or both in Europe. Hence it was necessary to keep them at a very
high figure.
 Those with 1820 or 1610 men were nearly all regiments which had one
battalion on active service and one on home service, though a very few had
both overseas (such as the 18th, 34th, 39th, 62nd); in such cases the 2nd
battalion, though on service, was very weak.
The two-battalion corps with under 1600 men were almost invariably
regiments which had one battalion in the Indies, worked down to very low
numbers by disease, and had failed to keep up its strength (the 15th, 25th,
96th in the West, the 59th, 69th in the East Indies).
The 37 single-battalion regiments stood on the following establishments—
343
6 were at a strength of 1126 or thereabouts.
344
13 were at a strength of 940 or thereabouts.
345
15 were at a strength of 700–730 or thereabouts.
346
3 were at a strength of under 600.

Those corps on the two higher establishments are either actually serving,
or are designated for immediate service abroad, and have therefore their
establishments fixed high. Those on the lower establishments (730 or under)
fall into two classes: either they are regiments in the East or West Indies
which have died down to a low figure [e.g. 16th, 37th, 46th, 54th, 55th, 65th,
68th, 70th, 86th] or they are battalions quartered in peaceful stations and not
expected to be sent on active service, [e.g. 41st, 99th, 100th, 103rd, in
Canada and Bermuda] or at home [74th, 75th, 77th, 85th, 94th]. All the last-
named five, on home service, were raised to a higher establishment and sent
to the front in 1810–12.
It will be noted that of the one hundred and three 1st battalions, or
single-battalion regiments, a great many were not available, viz. twenty-one in
the East Indies, twenty-one in the West Indies (including Bermuda), eleven in
the Mediterranean Garrisons, five at the Cape of Good Hope, six in Canada,
two in (or bound for) New South Wales. There were only twenty-five 1st
battalions at home, and of these twenty had served under Moore in the
Corunna retreat and then went on the Walcheren expedition, so that in 1809
they were unavailable. Three more battalions which had not served under
Moore had shared in the same descent on the Scheldt (74th, 77th, 85th).
There were actually only two single-battalion corps which had neither gone to
347
Corunna nor to Walcheren and were available at home (75th and 94th). In
the way of the strongly organized first battalions, therefore, there was
absolutely nil to send to Wellington in 1809 save Craufurd’s three Light
Infantry battalions, which though they had been with Moore in January were
back in the Peninsula by July (1/43rd, 1/52nd, 1/95th).
It is easy to see, therefore, that there was the greatest possible difficulty
in finding battalions with which Wellesley’s Peninsular Army could be
reinforced. Of troops which had not gone to Walcheren there were left in
Great Britain only the 75th and 94th, with twenty-eight 2nd (or junior)
battalions which had not joined in the expedition to the Scheldt. These were
almost without exception very weak units, the first battalions of ten of these
were in the Indies, then of five more already in the Peninsula, all their
strength was used up in keeping their senior battalions full, of the remaining
thirteen only two (2/5th 2/34th, 2/38th), were strong enough to be sent to
Portugal. The reinforcements which Wellington was given in the autumn of
1809 and the summer of 1810 were largely scraped up from foreign garrisons
—the 1/7th from Nova Scotia, the 1/11th from Madeira, the 1/57th from
Gibraltar. But in 1810 Walcheren battalions began to come out, such as the
3/1st, 1/9th, 1/50th, 1/71st, 1/79th, and to load Wellington’s hospitals with
ague-stricken convalescents. For later reinforcements see Chapter VII.

ESTABLISHMENT OF CAVALRY IN 1809.

1st Dragoon Guards 905 Home

2nd Dragoon Guards 905 Home
3rd Dragoon Guards 905 Peninsular Field Army
4th Dragoon Guards 905 Home
5th Dragoon Guards 905 Home
6th Dragoon Guards 905 Home
7th Dragoon Guards 905 Home
1st Dragoons 1083 Peninsular Field Army
2nd Dragoons 905 Home
3rd Dragoons 905 Home [went to Walcheren]
4th Dragoons 905 Peninsular Field Army
6th Dragoons 905 Home
7th Hussars 905 *Home
8th Light Dragoons 720 East Indies
9th Light Dragoons 905 Home [went to Walcheren]
10th Hussars 905 *Home
 11th Light Dragoons 905 Home
12th Light Dragoons 905 Home [went to Walcheren]
13th Light Dragoons 905 Home
14th Light Dragoons 905 Peninsular Field Army
15th Hussars 905 *Home
16th Light Dragoons 905 Peninsular Field Army
17th Light Dragoons 940 East Indies
18th Hussars 905 *Home
19th Light Dragoons 905 Home
20th Light Dragoons 905 1/2 Sicily and 1/2 Peninsula
21st Light Dragoons 905 Cape of Good Hope
22nd Light Dragoons 928 East Indies
23rd Light Dragoons 905 Peninsular Field Army
24th Light Dragoons 928 East Indies
25th Light Dragoons 940 East Indies
N.B.—Note that there was no 5th regiment of Dragoons in 1809. The
corps last bearing that number had been disbanded in 1799, and its successor
was not raised till 1858.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE HOUSEHOLD TROOPS IN

1809.

1st Life Guards 416 Home

2nd Life Guards 416 Home
Royal Horse Guards 654 Home
1st Foot Guards (3 4619 1st Batt.* Home [went to
batts.) Walcheren];
2nd Batt. Home;
3rd Batt.* Home [went
to Walcheren]
2nd (Coldstream) Foot 2887 1st Batt. Peninsular Field
Guards (2 batts.) Army; 2nd Batt. Home
3rd Foot Guards (2 2887 1st Batt. Peninsular Field
batts.) Army; 2nd Batt. Home
 N.B.—The Second Batts. Coldstream and 3rd Foot Guards both sent their
flank companies to Walcheren. The troops sent to Cadiz early in 1810 were
detachments, viz. 4 companies of the 2/1st Guards, 3 of the 2/2nd, 3 of the
2/3rd.

MISCELLANEOUS CORPS.
In addition to the regular units shown in these lists, there are on the
estimates of 1809 twelve veteran battalions, with effectives ranging from 693
to 1129, and eight garrison battalions, mostly with an establishment of 906.
Most of these were at home, but a few in the Mediterranean garrisons.
There were also the foreign corps of Meuron, de Roll, Watteville, Dillon,
Chasseurs Britanniques, Royal Malta, Royal Corsicans and the Sicilian
regiment, all in the Mediterranean, with the York Light Infantry, York Rangers,
and Royal West India Rangers in the West Indies. These were all single
battalion corps ranging from 1361 men (de Roll) to 694 (York L. I.). The black
regiments, eight West India battalions with 1125 men each, could only be
used in their own regions.
Of the King’s German Legion there were at home the two Heavy Dragoon
Regiments with an establishment of 694 each, and the 2nd and 3rd Hussars,
with the same numbers. The 3rd Hussars were just back from the Corunna
Retreat: the 2nd went to Walcheren. Of the ten infantry battalions, four (1st,
2nd, 5th, 7th Line) were with the Peninsular Field Army, as was the 1st
Hussars; four (3rd, 4th, 6th, 8th Line) were in Sicily; 1st and 2nd Light
battalions (just back from Corunna) were at home, and went to Walcheren.
Four battalions had establishments of 1062, six of 902, of all ranks.
 APPENDIX II

DIVISIONAL AND BRIGADE ORGANIZATION

AND CHANGES.

1809–1814.

By C. T. Atkinson, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Exeter College, Oxford.

Changes in 1809

1809.
On April 22, when Wellesley arrived the troops were brigaded as
follows:—
Cavalry. G.O.C., Cotton. 14th Light Dragoons, 16th Light
Dragoons, 2 squadrons 20th Light Dragoons,
detachment 3rd Hussars K.G.L.: Fane’s brigade (not at
the Douro), 3rd Dragoon Guards, 4th Dragoons.
Guards’ Brigade (H. Campbell). 1st Coldstream, 1st 3rd
Guards (i.e. Scots), 1 co. 5/60th.
1st Brigade (Hill). 1/3rd, 2/48th, 2/66th, 1 co. 5/60th.
2nd Brigade (Mackenzie). 2/24th (attached), 3/27th,
2/31st, 1/45th.
 3rd Brigade (Tilson). Headquarters and 5 cos. 5/60th,
2/87th, 1/88th.
4th Brigade (Sontag). 97th, 2nd Detachments, 1 co. 5/60th.
5th Brigade (A. Campbell). 2/7th, 2/53rd, 1 co. 5/60th.
6th Brigade (R. Stewart). 29th, 1st Detachments.
7th Brigade (Cameron). 2/9th, 2/83rd, 1 co. 5/60th.
K.G.L. (Murray, Langwerth and Drieberg). 1st, 2nd, 5th, and
7th Line K.G.L., detachment Light Battalions K.G.L.
The 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th Brigades each included a
Portuguese battalion.
[N.B.—The “Battalions of Detachments” were composed of
convalescents and stragglers, left behind from the
regiments which had marched from Portugal under Sir
John Moore in the preceding autumn.]
The organization in divisions dates from June 18. It was
originally as follows:—
Cavalry. G.O.C., Payne. A [Fane], 3rd Dragoon Guards, 4th
Dragoons; B [Cotton], 14th and 16th Light Dragoons;
Unattached, 2 squadrons 20th Light Dragoons, 23rd
Light Dragoons, 1st Hussars K.G.L., detachment 3rd
Hussars K.G.L.
1st Division. G.O.C., Sherbrooke. A [H. Campbell], 1st
Coldstream, 1st Scots; B [Cameron], 2/9th, 2/83rd; C
[Langwerth], 1st and 2nd Line K.G.L., detachment
Light Battalions K.G.L.; D [Löw], 5th and 7th Line
K.G.L.
2nd Division. G.O.C., Hill. A [Hill], 1/3rd, 2/48th, 3/66th; B
[R. Stewart], 29th, 1st Detachments.
3rd Division. G.O.C., Mackenzie. A [Mackenzie] 3/27th,
2/31st, 1/45th; B [Tilson], 5 companies 5/60th, 2/87th,
 1/88th.
4th Division. G.O.C., A. Campbell. A [A. Campbell], 2/7th,
2/53rd; B [Sontag], 97th, 2nd Detachments.
The detached companies of 5/60th at Talavera were with I
A, I B, II A, IV A, IV B.
Subsequent changes were as follows:—
Cavalry. 20th Light Dragoons and detachment 3rd Hussars
K.G.L., left the Peninsula before the end of July.
By June 21 a new brigade, C, was added, under G.
Anson, composed of 23rd Light Dragoons and 1st
Hussars K.G.L.
On November 1 Granby Calcroft was commanding
A for Fane, absent.
By November 24 1st Dragoons (who arrived at
Lisbon in October) replaced the 16th Light Dragoons in
B, now under Slade, as Cotton was assisting Payne in
command of the division; 16th Light Dragoons were
transferred to C vice 23rd Light Dragoons, ordered
home after their losses at Talavera.
1st Division. 1/40th, from Seville, replaced 2/9th before
June 21, 2/9th going to Gibraltar and relieving 1/61st,
who joined before Talavera, on which 1/40th were
transferred to IV B.
After Talavera 2/24th and 2/42nd were added to I
B, 2/83rd being sent down to Lisbon.
At Talavera, H. Campbell was wounded, Stopford
replacing him in command of the division and brigade,
but from November 8 to December 15, Hulse had the
brigade. Langwerth having been killed at Talavera,
Beck of 1st Line K.G.L. succeeded to his brigade, but
 the two K.G.L. brigades were amalgamated under Löw
from November 1.
2nd Division. By June 21 Tilson (from III B) had taken over
Hill’s own brigade. Before Talavera 1/48th (arrived at
Lisbon June 22, on being relieved at Gibraltar by
2/30th) had been added to II B.
In September, a new brigade, C, under Catlin
Craufurd, was added, composed of 2/28th, 2/34th,
2/39th, and about the same time 2/31st (from III A)
was added to II A. By November 1, 1/57th (from
Gibraltar) replaced 1st Detachments in II B, the
Battalions of Detachments having been broken up.
From December 15 on II A was under command of
Duckworth of 2/48th.
3rd Division. Tilson, moving to II A, was replaced by Donkin
(June 21).
Before Talavera 2/24th replaced 3/27th (sent down
to Lisbon) in III A.
Mackenzie was killed at Talavera, and the division
passed under the command of R. Craufurd, whose
brigade, 1/43rd, 1/52nd and 1/95th, arrived just too
late for the battle, and was apparently added to the
division in place of Mackenzie’s brigade which was
amalgamated with Donkin’s. On September 15, 2/87th
was ordered down to Lisbon for garrison duty, 2/24th
being transferred to II B and 2/31st to II A about the
same time.
In October, Donkin gave up his brigade, Mackinnon
obtaining command.
4th Division. Myers of 2/7th seems to have commanded IV
A for A. Campbell.
 By Talavera 1/40th had been added to IV B, of
which Kemmis had taken command vice Sontag.
At Talavera A. Campbell was wounded, and had to
go home, the division being without a definite G.O.C.
till the arrival of Lowry Cole in October.
In September 1/11th (arrived at Lisbon from
Madeira in August) was added to IV A. On the
Battalions of Detachments being sent home (October),
3/27th, in garrison at Lisbon since after the Douro,
replaced the 2nd Battalion in IV B.

Changes in 1810

1810.
On January 1, the composition of the Army was as follows:—
Cavalry. G.O.C., Payne; Cotton, second in command.
A [Fane], 3rd Dragoon Guards, 4th Dragoons; B
[Slade], 1st Dragoons, 14th Light Dragoons; C [G.
Anson], 16th Light Dragoons, 1st Hussars K.G.L.
1st Division. G.O.C., Sherbrooke. A [Stopford], 1st
Coldstreams, 1st Scots; B [A. Cameron], 2/24th,
2/42nd, 1/61st; C [Löw], 1st, 2nd, 5th, and 7th Line,
K.G.L., detachment Light Battalions, K.G.L.
2nd Division. G.O.C., Hill. A [Duckworth, temporarily],
1/3rd, 2/31st, 2/48th, 2/66th; B [R. Stewart], 29th,
1/48th, 1/57th; C [C. Craufurd], 2/28th, 2/34th,
2/39th.
3rd Division. G.O.C., R. Craufurd. A [R. Craufurd], 1/43rd,
1/52nd, 1/95th; B [Mackinnon], 1/45th, 5/60th,
1/88th.
 4th Division. G.O.C., Cole. A [Myers acting for Cole], 2/7th,
1/11th, 2/53rd; B [Kemmis] 3/27th, 1/40th, 97th; C
348
[Lightburne], 2/5th, 2/58th.
Subsequent changes were:—
Cavalry. Payne went home before June 1, Cotton obtaining
sole command from June 3.
On April 1 the 13th Light Dragoons arrived at
Lisbon, joining the army in May, and being attached to
Hill’s division, along with four regiments of Portuguese
cavalry, the whole under Fane, who gave over his
brigade to de Grey from May 13. Two troops of the
regiment went to Cadiz, but rejoined the regiment in
September.
Before the end of the year Fane seems to have
gone home ill.
1st Division. On April 26 Cotton was posted to the
command of the division, vice Sherbrooke, gone home
ill, but gave place to Spencer, June 3, on getting the
Cavalry Division.
In the “States” of March 8 to August 1, no
brigadier is given for I B. On August 4 Lord Blantyre (of
2/42nd) was appointed to command I B “during the
absence of Brigadier-General Cameron.” Cameron was
back in command from October 1, but on November 26
he was invalided home, Blantyre probably commanding
again.
By the Orders of September 12, 1/79th (just
arrived from Cadiz), was posted to I B vice 1/61st, to
be transferred to a new brigade to form part of the 1st
Division. These orders were suspended from
September 14, and at Bussaco 1/7th (arrived from
 Halifax before end of July), and 1/79th formed a
brigade (I D) under Pakenham.
On October 6, orders were given for the transfer of
Pakenham’s brigade to the 4th Division, the exchange
between the 1/61st and 1/79th having been carried
out previously, and a new brigade was added under
Erskine, comprising 1/50th (arrived September 24),
1/71st (arrived September 26), 1/92nd (arrived in
October, before the 6th), and 1 company 3/95th.
2nd Division. On June 20 Leith was appointed to command
“Tilson’s brigade,” and to command the division “under
Hill,” but in the “State” of July 8 his name appears as
commanding the brigade composed of 3/1st, 1/9th,
and 2/38th. On August 8 orders were issued to W.
Stewart to take command of Tilson’s brigade and of
the division under Hill. In November Hill went on sick
leave.
Leith’s name ceases to appear in the returns as
commanding II A from July 8, and W. Stewart’s name
appears in his place from July 27. When Stewart
commanded the division, Colborne of 2/66th had the
brigade. C. Craufurd died in September, and at Bussaco
Wilson of 2/39th commanded II C. On September 30
Lumley was posted to command it.
Before September 1 R. Stewart had gone home ill,
and at Bussaco Inglis (of 1/57th) commanded II B. On
October 8 Hoghton was posted to it.
3rd Division. From January 8 on 5/60th no longer appear in
the Returns as belonging to the division, and their
place in the brigade was taken by 74th, who arrived at
Lisbon February 8, and are mentioned in Orders on
February 22 as in III B.
 On February 22 the division was reorganized, R.
Craufurd’s brigade becoming, with two battalions of
Caçadores, the Light Division. Mackinnon’s brigade now
became III A, and Lightburne’s brigade was transferred
from the 4th Division and became III B. The
headquarters and three companies 5/60th were posted
to Lightburne’s brigade, the remaining companies
having been posted to I A, I B, II A, II B, II C, IV A, IV
B. At the same time a Portuguese brigade composed of
the 9th and 21st Regiments (under Harvey) was added
to the division.
At Bussaco Champlemond was in command of the
Portuguese brigade, by October 29 Sutton had it,
Champlemond being wounded at Bussaco.
On September 12 2/83rd was posted to III B,
2/88th having arrived from Cadiz to relieve them
September 4. Hurrying to the front they joined their
brigade before Bussaco. When they did join, 2/58th
was detached from III B for garrison duty at Lisbon.
94th (arrived from Cadiz September 20), were added
to III B on October 6, and on October 10 Colville was
posted to command the brigade vice Lightburne, who
went home.
4th Division. On the transfer of Lightburne’s brigade to the
3rd Division the other two brigades exchanged places,
Kemmis’ becoming IV A, and being Cole’s brigade, but
under the immediate command of Kemmis. A.
Campbell, who had rejoined, took command of his old
brigade.
The 3rd and 15th Portuguese were added to the
division in February, as a brigade under Collins.
At Bussaco the Portuguese brigade consisted of the
11th and 23rd, the 3rd and 15th having been removed
 to the 5th Division.
On October 6 A. Campbell’s brigade was removed
from the division to become the nucleus of the newly-
formed 6th Division, its place being taken by
Pakenham’s from the 1st Division, i.e. 1/7th, 1/61st, to
which the Brunswick Oels Light Infantry (arrived Lisbon
September 17) were added.
On November 12 the Brunswick Oels were
removed to the Light Division, but one company was
posted to IV B, two more being detached to provide
the newly-formed 5th Division, with extra light troops.
Their place in IV B was taken by the newly arrived
1/23rd from Halifax, Nova Scotia.
On November 17 2/7th and 1/61st were ordered to
exchange, IV B thus becoming the Fusilier Brigade.
Light Division. Formed on February 22 by the removal of R.
Craufurd’s brigade from the 3rd Division, the 1st and
3rd Portuguese Caçadores being added to it. On
August 4 it was broken up into two brigades, as
follows: A [Beckwith of 1/95th] 1/43rd, 4 companies
1/95th, 1st Caçadores; B [Barclay of 1/52nd] 1/52nd, 4
companies 1/95th, 3rd Caçadores. Barclay having been
wounded at Bussaco, Wynch of 1/4th got the brigade
(in Orders of November 14th).
A company of 2/95th (from Cadiz) was added to A
before October 1. On November 12 nine companies
Brunswick Oels joined B.
5th Division. Officially this division first appears in the
“State” of August 8, when the 3/1st, 1/9th, and
349
2/38th, are first called the “Fifth Division,” a
Portuguese brigade, Spry’s (i.e. 3rd and 15th Line),
being added, and Leith being G.O.C.
 On August 4 J. S. Barns of 3/1st was appointed to
command the British brigade, being superseded by Hay
September 30.
On October 6 orders were issued that Leith should
command the 5th Division, and that it should be
composed of Brigadier-General Hay’s brigade, a
brigade made up of 1/4th (from England, they first
appear in the “State” of November 15), 2/30th (from
Cadiz), and 2/44th (from Cadiz), and Spry’s
Portuguese.
On November 5 Dunlop was posted to V B, hitherto
under its senior battalion commander.
On November 12 a company of the Brunswick Oels
was posted to each of the British brigades.
6th Division. Ordered to be formed October 6, by taking A.
Campbell’s brigade out of the 4th Division and adding
Eben’s Portuguese (i.e. 8th Line and Lusitanian Legion)
to it: A. Campbell being G.O.C.
On November 14, Hulse was posted to A.
Campbell’s brigade.
On November 17 1/61st from IV B exchanged with
2/7th.
In addition to the Portuguese brigades attached to
the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th Divisions there were at least
five others, two of which, the 4th under Archibald
Campbell (=4th and 10th Line), and 2nd under
Fonseca (=2nd and 14th Line) formed a division under
Hamilton, which acted throughout under Hill.
Wellington says that he intended to organize this
division like the rest, but the heavy losses at Albuera
and the consequent necessity of reforming the 2nd
Division made it impossible for him to carry out his
resolve. [Cf. Wellington Dispatches, viii. 111.]
 The remaining brigades were the 1st (Pack’s),
consisting of the 1st and 16th Line and 4th Caçadores,
the 5th (A. Campbell’s), 6th and 18th Line, and 6th
Caçadores; the 6th (Coleman’s), 7th and 19th Line and
2nd Caçadores. On the formation of the 7th Division in
March, 1811, Coleman’s brigade was posted to it, the
other two remaining unattached.
The 12th and 13th Line and 5th Caçadores seem to
have formed yet another brigade under Bradford, but
in October the 13th Line was in garrison at Abrantes.
Spry’s brigade ranked at the 3rd, Eben’s as the 7th,
Sutton’s as the 8th, and Collins’ as the 9th.

State of January
1, 1811

1811.
On January 1 the Army was organized as follows:—
Cavalry. G.O.C., Cotton. A [de Grey], 3rd Dragoon Guards,
4th Dragoons; B [Slade], 1st Dragoons, 14th Light
Dragoons; C [G. Anson], 16th Light Dragoons, 1st
Hussars, K.G.L.; unbrigaded, 13th Light Dragoons.
1st Division. G.O.C., Spencer. A [Stopford], 1st Coldstream,
1st Scots, 1 company 5/60th; B [? Blantyre, acting],
2/24th, 2/42nd, 1/79th, 1 company 5/60th; C [Löw],
1st, 2nd, 5th, and 7th Line, K.G.L., detachment Light
Battalions, K.G.L.; D [Erskine], 1/50th, 1/71st, 1/92nd,
1 company 3/95th.
2nd Division. G.O.C., W. Stewart. A [Colborne], 1/3rd,
2/31st, 2/48th, 2/66th, 1 company 5/60th; B
[Hoghton], 29th, 1/48th, 1/57th, 1 company 5/60th; C
[Lumley], 2/28th, 2/34th, 2/39th, 1 company 5/60th.
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