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Discovering Diverse Content Through
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 The Project Gutenberg eBook of Scientific
American Architects and Builders Edition, No.
26, Dec., 1887
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
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you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Scientific American Architects and Builders Edition, No. 26,

Dec., 1887

Author: Various

Release date: January 14, 2016 [eBook #50927]

Most recently updated: October 22, 2024

Language: English

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCIENTIFIC

AMERICAN ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS EDITION, NO. 26, DEC.,
1887 ***
 Link to Contents.
Link to Classified Index of Advertisements.
Link to Colored plates.
Link to Index.
 Scientific American
Architects and Builders edition.
No. 26
With Two Supplements consisting of Two Plates in Colors and One
Large Sheet of Details.
DECEMBER, 1887 Single Copies, 25 Cents.—$2.50 a Year
Copyrighted, 1887, By Munn & Co.
New York: Published by MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, corner Franklin
Street.
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Four Sizes, from Motor for Sewing Machine or Dental Engine to One
Horse Power.
Our Gas Engines will work satisfactorily when attached to Gasoline
Machines.

SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE.

Economic Gas Engine Co.,

Office and Salesroom, 34 DEY ST., NEW YORK.

This Saw is much harder than a file, and will cut iron almost as
fast as it will wood. One saw blade will cut off a bar of half‐inch
round iron one hundred times. The blade is eight inches long, and
will do most of the sawing required about a house, shop, or farm.
The Patent Frame is made of steel, polished and nickel plated. It will
face the saw in four directions, as desired. Frame and twelve Saw
Blades sent by mail, postage prepaid, on receipt of $1.50. Hardware
dealers will furnish them at the same price. All genuine goods are
marked with a star and bear our name. We also have full control of
the Star Bracket Saws, and warrant them to be better than any
imported blades.

MILLER’S FALLS CO., 93 Reade Street, New York.

A
FIRST CLASS

OFFICE BUILDING
SHOULD BE Furnished With
A
U. S. MAIL CHUTE
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THE U. S.MAIL BOX.
ADDRESS FOR CIRCULARS, &c.,

CUTLER MF’G. CO.

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THE OTIS TUBULAR FEED WATER HEATER

With Seamless Brass Tubes and the most recent improvements.
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both Passenger and Freight, to heat
the Feed Water for the boilers.
We guarantee one square foot of
heating surface per horse power.
We can give reference from
Heaters already in operation under
the same conditions, giving the best
of satisfaction.
MANUFACTURED
BY
Stewart Heater
COMPANY,
40 & 42 Clinton Street,
BUFFALO, N. Y.
 DESKS
—AND—
OFFICE
FURNITURE
In Great Variety
MANUFACTURED BY
T. G. SELLEW,
111 Fulton Street,
NEW YORK.

THE JACKSON
Heat‐Saving & Ventilating Grate
COMBINED
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on ONE or TWO Floors.
 Greatest variety of rich and chaste designs in plain or oxidized
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Largest rooms in coldest climates thoroughly heated. Out‐door air
warmed by the heat wasted in ordinary grates, and introduced,
producing perfect ventilation and equable temperature, without
drafts. In use everywhere. Illustrated Catalogues.
EDWIN A. JACKSON & BRO., 77 Beekman St., New York.

ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS!
ATTENTION IS CALLED TO
ADVERTISEMENT ON PAGE iii.
FRANK B. MALLORY.
 SPECIFICATIONS SHOULD INCLUDE
Folsom’s Patent Roof Snow‐Guards

——300,000 IN USE.——
Address, JOHN H. HILLER, 1408 Tremont St., Boston.

Solid Braided Cotton Sash Cord.

The “SAMSON” Window Line does not wear out. Save the
annoyance of broken cords. Samples free on application to the
manufacturers.
J. P. TOLMAN & CO., 164 High Street, Boston, Mass.
 THE
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BRUSH
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furnished by

THE BRUSH ELECTRIC COMPANY,

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DETROIT OFFICE: No. 88 Griswold Street.
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 Stanley’s Universal Hand Beader.

For Beading, Reeding or Fluting, and for all kinds of light

Routering, this tool is invaluable to wood‐workers.
Seven superior steel cutters go with each tool. Both ends are
sharpened, thus embracing six ordinary sizes of Beads, four sets of
Reeds, two Fluters and a double Router Iron (⅛ and ¼ inch).
No. 66 Iron stock with seven Steel Cutters, $1.00.
 Scientific American ARCHITECTS AND
BUILDERS EDITION
NEW YORK, DECEMBER, 1887.
Entered at the Post Office of
New York as Second Class Matter.

Vol. IV.Subscription, $2.50 a Year.

Single Copies, 25 Cents.
No. 6.

THE SHAKESPEARE MEMORIAL AT STRATFORD‐UPON‐

AVON.

The American veneration for the birthplace of Shakespeare is well

known, and it has just taken practical shape by the presentation to
the town of a public drinking fountain and clock tower, the gift of an
American citizen, Mr. George W. Childs, of Philadelphia, in
commemoration of the jubilee of Queen Victoria. The memorial has
been erected in Rother Street, a broad open space near the center
of the town, where several thoroughfares converge, and where the
annual statute fairs or “mops” take place. The structure is handsome
and imposing, and is built of Peterhead granite (for the fountain)
and of hard freestone (for the clock tower). The base of the tower is
square, with projecting buttresses at the four corners, terminating in
acutely pointed gablets, surmounted by a lion bearing the arms of
Great Britain alternately with the American eagle and the stars and
stripes. Appropriate inscriptions are engraved on the four sides of
the memorial. The tower terminates in a spire, beneath and
surrounding which are smaller spires and turrets. The whole height
of the structure is fifty feet. The architect is Mr. Jethro A. Cossins, of
Birmingham. The ceremony of inaugurating the fountain was
performed on Monday, October 17, by Mr. Henry Irving, in the
presence of the Mayor (Sir Arthur Hodgson, K.C.M.G.), the
corporation, and a distinguished company of visitors. Sympathetic
letters were read from Mr. J. Russell Lowell and Mr. Whittier; and
speeches were delivered by Mr. Irving, by Mr. Phelps, the American
Minister, Mr. Walter, of the Times, Sir Theodore Martin, and others.—
London Graphic.
 THE SHAKESPEARE MEMORIAL AT STRATFORD‐UPON‐AVON
Larger image (211 kB)

Optical Refinements in Architecture.

Many architects look upon all refinements of line and curve as so

much waste time, and would as soon think of referring to the
original Latin of Vitruvius for rules in proportioning their rooms as to
consult and apply the corrections of the Parthenon to their buildings.
In sketching out his design to a small scale on a sheet of Whatman’s
drawing paper, the architect does so without any further thought
than to produce a convenient plan or a well grouped elevation. Any
infinitesimal correction to the straight line or entasis would be
inappreciable to the naked eye on the surface of paper the
inequalities of which would render it worthless; nor does he take
much trouble in the proportions of his rooms, so long as they look
right and fit well. If such refinements are to be made, they should
be shown in large drawings, or set out to the full size on the works
by proper rules and other instruments. The task is laborious and
troublesome, and contract prices are little in sympathy with such
niceties of adjustment. Even of the more practicable mode of
adopting certain ratios and proportions, the architect does not avail
himself very much.
We do not say that every horizontal beam—such as an entablature
supported by columns at intervals—ought to be “corrected” by the
application of a parabolic curve, or that every string course and
cornice should be arranged to curve or bend upward; but we
contend that these refinements ought to be made in interiors
wherever the lines are long, and contrasting lines and surfaces occur
in juxtaposition; that they are, in truth, applying precisely the same
principle of correction as the colorist or decorator would apply when
he takes care to juxtapose two colors or shades which shall be
complementary to or harmonize with each other.
It is painful to witness in modern buildings a perfect ignoring of
these principles of design. We go into a public hall or concert room,
and take our seat. The flat coffered ceiling appears to be literally
bending or falling upon our heads. To make the impression still more
apparent, the architect has introduced a circular or flatly curved arch
over the orchestral recess. If the ceiling is a flat curve, as it often is,
the trusses are, perhaps, brought down below and incased, their
lower edges being made perfectly horizontal, the two lines serving to
increase the difference between them; in other words, to make the
trusses look as if they were deflecting.
Mr. Pennethorne, some years ago, showed that the masses of the
temples of Athens and Rome were designed on perspective
principles—that is to say, the masses and many of the details were
designed as they were intended to be viewed. The point of sight was
always before the architect—that is to say, he studied the effect of
his entablatures, abaci, and other masses of details from points of
view that were likely to be frequented. It is well known that the
various sections through the Doric capitals, the mouldings, and other
parts of Athenian buildings, were composed of different arcs of the
conic sections. Mr. Pennethorne says that the Greek entablature is
perspectively proportioned and arranged to suit the given points of
sight thus: The apparent height of entablature is measured in
seconds upon the arc of a great circle. “Then, dividing this whole
apparent height into some given number of aliquot parts, measured
also in seconds, the apparent height of the architrave, of the frieze,
and cornice will, in each case, be a multiple of this given modulus.
Again, by dividing the first modulus into a given number of apparent
aliquot parts, a second modulus is obtained, by which the apparent
heights of all the details of the cornice of architrave and frieze will
be regulated, and the true lineal heights are then all determined by
trigonometrical calculations.” In short, all the visible heights of
features are, upon this principle, regulated from a given point, the
real elevational height of each part being afterward found.
This system of proportion would probably entail too much labor
upon the architect to work out with any accuracy, and may be
looked upon as chimerical. But we see instances every day of
positive ignorance of these principles, especially in the designing of
mouldings, projecting features, and towers. If the architect is too
impatient to make nice corrections in the manner we have pointed
out, he ought at least to take the trouble necessary to regulate his
heights and masses before inking in his elevations. Sketching in
perspective is a valuable auxiliary in designing roughly the masses of
a building; but some more accurate method is required in
perspectively setting out the heights of stories, entablatures,
parapets, towers, and other features. This can only be done by
adjusting all heights from a given point of sight, or upon the arc of a
circle described from the said point. An elevation is misleading, as
every architect knows who has suffered disappointment after the
building is finished. It only gives vertical heights, which may be very
much curtailed or foreshortened in the actual view of the building
from the opposite side of the street, for example.
Many towers and spires have been spoiled by designing them in
elevation instead of at the angle. In broach spires we find a want of
care in one particular above the others. The broach is designed on
the level. The hips of the broach are made to look gentle in
elevation, but when raised above the eye 60 or 100 feet, they
become so depressed as to give a very ungraceful and abrupt
springing to the spire.
We may instance the want of entasis to spires and columns. Every
one who has a critical sense of vision must have observed the
apparent weakness there is in a spire that has perfectly straight
sides, when compared with one which has been entasised, and the
same with all columns. Here also the method to insure the correction
can be easily applied. The more important of these refinements are
capable of being made at the initial stage of design, without
recourse to decimals of two or three removes from the decimal
point, or to mathematical calculations.—Abstract from the Building
News.

Testing Pile‐Protecting Compounds.

In 1882 several piles, coated with various patent anti‐teredo

coverings, were driven in the harbor of San Francisco for the
purpose of testing them. Recently Engineer Manson began pulling up
the piles in order to see the result of the experiments. A pile coated
with Pearce’s compound, composed of paraffine, limestone, kaolin,
etc., was found to be completely honeycombed by the teredos. The
eucalyptus and cedar piles were also nearly destroyed. In 1884 the
two piles incased by A. W. Von Schmidt in sewer pipe and cement,
the twenty‐three coated by Frank Shay with asphalt and wire cloth,
the ten of McKeon & Co., coated with warm cement containing a
poisonous substance, and those of W. H. Hayes, coated with
Portland cement, etc., were examined by Colonel Mendel and Mr.
Manson. All showed signs of having proved failures. The insect is
ahead of the inventors up to date.

A Tower on the Mount of Olives.

The tower which is being erected by the Russians on the highest

point of the Mount of Olives is already several stories high, but one
more is to be added. The object is to make it so high that both the
Mediterranean and the Dead Sea may be seen from the top. A
number of bells will be placed in the tower. In digging the
foundation, several Christian graves were found, together with an
inscription in Greek, in which the word “Stephanus” could yet be
deciphered.
 Scientific American.
ESTABLISHED 1845.
Munn & Co., Editors and Proprietors,
No. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
O. D. MUNN. A. E. BEACH.

NEW YORK, DECEMBER, 1887.

THE
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN,
ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS EDITION.
$2.50 a Year, Single Copies, 25 cents.
This is a Special Edition of The Scientific American, issued monthly.
Each number contains about forty large quarto pages, forming,
practically, a large and splendid Magazine of Architecture, richly
adorned with elegant plates in colors and with fine engravings;
illustrating the most interesting examples of modern Architectural
Construction and allied subjects.
A special feature is the presentation in each number of a variety of
the latest and best plans for private residences, city and country,
including those of very moderate cost as well as the more expensive.
Drawings in perspective and in color are given, together with full
Plans, Specifications, Costs, Bills of Estimate, and Sheets of Details.
No other building paper contains so many plans, details, and
specifications regularly presented as the Scientific American. Hundreds
of dwellings have already been erected on the various plans we have
issued, and many others are in process of construction.
All who contemplate building or improving homes, of erecting
structures of any kind, have before them in this work an almost
endless series of the latest and best examples from which to make
selections, thus saving time and money.
Many other subjects, including Sewerage, Piping, Lighting,
Warming, Ventilating, Decorating, Laying Out of Grounds, etc., are
illustrated. An extensive Compendium of Manufacturers’
Announcements is also given, in which the most reliable and
approved Building Materials, Goods, Machines, Tools, and Appliances
are described and illustrated, with addresses of the makers, etc.
The fullness, richness, cheapness, and convenience of this work
have won for it the Largest Circulation of any Architectural
publication in the world.
An Increase of Trade will necessarily accrue to all
Manufacturers and Dealers whose establishments are conspicuously
represented in this important edition of The Scientific American. Terms
for advertising very moderate. A card of rates sent on application.
Bound Volumes.—Two volumes are published annually. Volumes
1, 2, 3, and 4, which include all the numbers of this work from
commencement to close of 1887, may now be obtained at this office
or from Booksellers and Newsdealers. Price, bound in paper, $1.50
per volume. These volumes contain all the colored plates, sheets of
details, specifications, and all the other interesting matter pertaining
to the work. They are of great permanent value. Forwarded to any
address.
MUNN & CO., Publishers,
361 Broadway, New York.
For additional information concerning any of the plans or buildings
illustrated in these pages, address Munn & Co., as above.
 CONCERNING AGENTS.
Customers who pay money to subscription agents or brokers do so
at their own risk. Care should be taken to deal only with known,
responsible, and reliable parties. We send no papers until we receive
the subscription price; and no person is authorized to represent us,
act for us, or receipt for us.
Munn & Co., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York.

CONTENTS
Of the December number of the Architects and Builders Edition of
Scientific American.

(Illustrated articles are marked with an asterisk.)

Arch construction 131
Architectural era 129
Architecture, optical refinements in 119
Ash, white 125
Bamboo tree 123
Bathing establishment and casino in Vittel (Vosges)* 134
Beams, iron, in place of wood 133
Board, sounding, in St. Paul’s Cathedral 142
Books for architects, builders, etc xiii
Bricks, fire 126
Building, a great 140
Cement, Portland 126
Charleston, S. C., building in 139
Chateau at Castelnaudary* 130
Chimes for churches, new form of* 132
Chimes, tube 132
Chimneys, removal of 132
Church, unsafe 126
College for women, the John Crouse memorial* 139
Compounds, pile protecting, testing 119
Correction, a 120
Cottage, a French* 122
Cottage for $4,200* 136, 140
Cottage, sketch for a* 135
Drain pipes and wells 130
Dwelling, a $4,200* 138
Dwelling of moderate cost* 120
Dwellings at Glenridge* 126
Engine, Charter gas and gasoline 142
Fever, typhoid, carried by well water 126
Fireproof structures* 124
Fireside, cheerful, how to make* 142
Flues, chimney, construction of 124
Forestry problem, our 122
Foundations in wet ground 142
Furnace, hot air, the “Fortune”* 142
Gangways vs. staircases 133
Grown, how we have 135
Heater, Wainwright* 142
Hemlock 127
Home, Florence Nightingale’s* 132
Homes of factory operatives* 133
House, $2,500 California* 128
Ice house, how to build 130
Ink, marking, blue 129
Keystones, ornamental* 125
Library, curious 138
Memorial, Shakespeare, at Stratford‐upon‐Avon* 119
Mortar, sugar 122
Nails 130
Notes and queries vi, x
Painting 132
Pavements, cedar 127
Pine woods 134
Planer, improved double surface* 142
Plants for room decoration 141
Plate, roofing, a large contract for 120
Plumbing, not defective 142
Protection, fire 140
Rabbit remedy 130
Readers and patrons, to our 120
Residence, a suburban* 121
Residence for $5,000* 137, 140
Residence for $8,000* 123
Roburite—a new explosive* 133
Roofing plate, contract for, large 120
Rooms, proportions of 140
Saw, band, hand and foot power* 142
Sawdust 125
Stable costing $5,500* 140
Statue, marble, how made 139
Suggestion, a good 135
Temple, Egyptian 124
Tower on the Mount of Olives 119
Trees, roadside, in Belgium 124
Victory, tower of 135
Walls of burning buildings, collapse of 127
Walter, Thomas Ustick 134
Yard, back, the 134

TO OUR READERS AND PATRONS.

 The present number closes our fourth volume and brings us to the
end of another year. Many subscriptions now terminate, and we ask
our patrons to be prompt in sending their renewals, thus avoiding
the loss of any numbers. The terms are only $2.50 a year.
Considering the wealth of illustration, the variety and value of
information presented, this work is by far the cheapest of anything
in the same line.
To builders, and those contemplating the erection of dwellings or
other structures, our paper has proved to be of great value.
With every number, during the past two years, we have given
plates in colors of many new buildings, with specifications,
accompanied by extra special sheets of details. In most cases these
have been so complete as to enable the builder and contractor to
proceed at once with the construction; and on the plans thus
presented, thousands of new buildings have been erected in all parts
of the country. In almost every town in the land attractive dwellings
are now to be seen, which, on inquiry, will be found to have been
built from Scientific American plans.
No architectural publication in the world presents to its patrons so
many practical specifications and drawings without cost, except the
merely nominal subscription rate of $2.50 a year. It is hardly
necessary to remind the builder that he would be obliged to pay
several hundred dollars if the same number of plans were to be
specially prepared for him.
In addition to the colored plates, details, and specifications, we
have furnished a large number of other new architectural
illustrations and many pages of valuable information. In all, the past
year’s volumes include about one thousand engravings.
We remind our readers of these items with the hope they will
mention them to their friends, and, if possible to secure a new
subscription, to send it in with the renewal of their own.
Our aim is to improve and enlarge the sphere of work, rendering it
more and more valuable. To this end we need the support and
encouragement of as many subscribers as possible. If each one of
our friends will do a little for us in this direction, all the parties
concerned will derive benefit.
If any of readers have inquiries to be answered, or suggestions to
make, relating to subjects or features they would like to see treated
in our paper, we shall, at all times, be pleased to hear from them.
Architects and builders who desire to see their plans reproduced in
our pages are also invited to communicate with the editor.

A CORRECTION.

In our November number an error was made in the estimate given

for the $2,500 house illustrated in our colored plate. The cost should
have been stated at $3,400. In some way the bill for mason work
and painting was omitted. These additions and other modifications
bring the cost up to the above sum.

A SUBURBAN RESIDENCE.

One of our colored plates this month represents a suburban

dwelling built of dark trap rock, trimmed with buff brick, and roofed
with ornamental stamped iron plates. It is now being constructed in
New Jersey, by days’ work, at a cost of about $9,250. The following
is an abstract from the

Specifications.
mason work.

Excavating.—Excavation under the entire house to a depth of

about 4′.
 Cellar Walls.—Cellar walls built of good sized trap rock. All
necessary bluestone sills, cellar steps, and copings, fine tooled
brownstone steps for stoops, also fine tooled brownstone sills for the
doors and windows above cellar.
Walls.—All stone walls above cellar are medium sized trap rock
and well selected, pointed with black mortar.
Brick Trimmings.—Buff brick used for trimmings, as shown on the
plans, laid in mortar same color as brick.
Chimneys.—Chimneys built of trap rock and buff brick, and topped
out as shown on the plans.
Fireplaces.—Fireplaces built where shown, of white fire brick, and
the hearths laid in tile.
Stone Steps.—Stone steps from main entrance to ground.
Porch Floor.—Porch floor is cemented with Portland cement.
Cementing.—The entire cellar bottom is cemented 3” thick with
concrete and Portland cement.
Plastering.—The entire first and second stories are plastered
three‐coat work, hard finished. Cornices in principal part of first story
and second story hall. Center pieces in rooms to correspond.

CARPENTRY.

Timber.—Timber all well seasoned spruce. Floor timbers, 2″ × 10″,

12″ on centers. Studding, 3″ × 4″. Main rafters, 2″ × 8″, 24″ on
center.
Cornice.—The cornice is formed of wood heavily moulded.
Roof.—The rafters are covered with hemlock boards, then covered
with ornamental iron plates laid on tar felt. Valleys and gutters, XX
tin. Leaders, galvanized iron. The ridge is ornamental iron work.
Floors.—The floors throughout are double. The upper floors are
narrow white pine, except hall and kitchen. The hall is narrow oak,
the kitchen narrow white maple, the bath rooms are white maple.
The main hall is paneled wainscot, 4′ high. Kitchen and bath rooms
wainscoted with narrow beaded strips of maple. The trimmings
throughout, except main hall, will be selected white pine. Hall to be
of white oak. Doors to be six paneled. Main stairs and balustrade to
be white oak. Others stairs white pine, with Georgia pine treads.
Inside blinds throughout. Plain bronze hardware on principal part of
first story. Jet and bronze for balance.
Painting.—The wood and iron work on the outside will be painted
three coats. The inside will be wood filled and have two coats of
hard oil.
Plumbing.—The apparatus for plumbing work located as shown on
the plans. To be piped and arranged for water pressure.
Range.—The kitchen to have an approved low down range, fitted
in fireplace.
Heater.—There will be placed in the cellar a No. 14 combination
steam and hot air heater.

ESTIMATE OF COST.
Mason work, complete $4,400
Carpenter and roof work 3,400
Painting 200
Plumbing, gas pipes, etc. 650
Steam heating 600
$9,250

A LARGE CONTRACT FOR ROOFING PLATE.

The interesting picture of the Western Tennessee Hospital for the

Insane, at Bolivar, in that State, which will be found in our
advertising pages, will command the attention of humanitarians and
administrators everywhere. Such buildings, devoted to such
purposes, are not frequently to be met with. The announcement
made in connection therewith, that the Alderly brand of square
Terne plate was selected by the commissioners for the roof, gutters,
and valleys of the structure, requiring over 1,000 boxes of roofing
plate, presents, in a forcible way, the claims of that article. It is
manufactured and sold by Messrs. Gummey, Spering, Ingram & Co.,
of Philadelphia, Pa., and Liverpool, England.

A DWELLING OF MODERATE COST.

This cottage is built in Plymouth Park, Buzzard’s Bay, near

Wareham, Mass., one of the most charming locations on the New
England coast. From the veranda a beautiful view is obtained of the
bay and coast. The cottage is erected on one of the knolls (which is
one of the features of the park), and has for a background a grove
of pine and oak trees. The shingles are treated with “Cabot’s
creosote stains” of the following colors: On roofs, a steel gray, and
on sides, sienna. The clapboards are painted a light olive green and
trimmed with bronze green and Indian red. The studs of hall, dining
room, and parlor are exposed, and together with underboarding and
beams overhead are planed and sand‐papered, and all woodwork is
given two coats of shellac of light finish. The second floor is
plastered (sand finish). The contract price for cottage was $2,800
complete. The architect is Chas. E. Miller, 149 Broadway, N. Y.

Specification.
general conditions.

The contractor is to give his personal superintendence to the

work, and to furnish all transportation, labor, materials, apparatus,
scaffolding, and utensils needful for performing the work in the best
workmanlike manner, according to the true intent and meaning of
the drawings and these specifications, which are intended to be co‐
operative, and when anything is shown on plans and not mentioned
in specification, or vice versa, the same is to be furnished as though
it were both shown and specified. This specification and the
drawings annexed are intended to include everything requisite to the
proper and entire finishing of carpenter’s, mason’s, and plumber’s
work, and the same shall be furnished, notwithstanding every item
necessarily involved in the above words is not particularly
mentioned.
All work when finished is to be delivered up in an undamaged
state, without exception, except where otherwise specified, all
materials to be of their respective kinds, and all labor to be done in
the best workmanlike manner, to the full satisfaction of owner.
Should the contractor introduce, at any time, materials different
from the sort and quality herein specified, the same shall be
removed and made good at the contractor’s expense.
The contractor will be held responsible for all portions of the work
let to him.
The contractor shall make no alterations of the drawings or
specification, but should any error or inconsistency appear in these,
it shall be the duty of the contractor to duly notify architect, who will
make proper adjustment. The contractor is to give to the proper
authorities all requisite notices of the work in his charge, obtain
official permits and licenses for temporary obstructions and pay all
proper fees for the same, and to be solely answerable for all damage
to neighboring premises or to the person or property of the public by
himself or his men or through any operatives under his charge,
whether in contract or extra work. Contractor is to protect his work
from frost until building is finished, and is to cart away all rubbish
and leave the whole broom clean. All drawings, etc., are to be
returned to the architect, and are not to be used for any other
building.

CARPENTER.
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