Designation: D 1555 – 04e1

Standard Test Method for

Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic
Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1555; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

e1 NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in August 2004.

1. Scope* American Petroleum Society Research Project 443

1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and Patterson, J. B., and Morris, E. C., Metrologia, 31, 1994,
volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, ortho- pp. 277-288
xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene, 300 TRC Thermodynamic Tables—Hydrocarbons, NSRDS-
to 350°F and 350 to 400°F aromatic hydrocarbons, and NIST 75-121, Supplement No. 121, April 30, 2001
cyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volume at
3. Significance and Use
60°F from an observed volume at t°F. Table 1 lists the density
in pounds per gallon at 60°F for high purity chemicals. 3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculating
1.2 Calculated results shall be rounded off in accordance weights and volumes of the products outlined in Section 1. The
with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29. information presented in this method can be used for deter-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the mining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the tanks, shipping containers, etc.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4. Basic Data
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.1 Densities of pure materials at 60°F are derived from
densities furnished by NSRDS-NIST 75-121 (National Stan-
2. Referenced Documents dard Reference Data Series—National Institute of Standards
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 and Technology). Densities of impure materials should be
D 1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density determined by actual measurement (see Section 7).
(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer 4.2 The VCF (Volume Correction Factor) equations pro-
D 3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of vided below were derived from the Volume Correction Tables
Pure Liquid Chemicals presented in the previous edition of this standard, Method
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of D 1555-95. Although reported as based on the American
Liquids by Digital Density Meter Petroleum Institute Research Project 44, the actual documen-
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to tation that could be found is incomplete. As regression of the
Determine Conformance with Specifications NIST data (Appendix X1) provided VCFs that differ from the
2.2 Other Documents: historical VCFs by only 0 to 6 0.12 % (depending on the
compound), the decision was made to use the previous meth-
od’s VCF tables.
4.3 The VCF tables were regressed with a commercially
available data regression program (TableCurve 2D V4). How-
ever, any modern regression program should produce the same
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on results.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of 4.4 The former VCF tables were based on data for com-
Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their pounds of the highest purity, but were reported to be usable for
Derivatives.
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved
in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1555 – 95 (2000).
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or “Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds,”
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM prepared by American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the Chemical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Thermodynamics Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M, College Station,
the ASTM website. TX.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 D 1555 – 04e1
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
Freezing Boiling 60°F Density Density in Vacuo Density in Air
Product Point Point in Vacuo at 60°F at 60°F
°F °F g/ccA,B lb/galC lb/galD
Benzene 42.0 176.2 0.88373 7.3751 7.3662
Cumene -140.9 306.3 0.86538 7.2219 7.2130
Cyclohexane 43.8 177.3 0.78265 6.5315 6.5225
Ethylbenzene -139.0 277.1 0.87077 7.2669 7.2580
Styrene -23.1 293.4 0.90979 7.5926 7.5837
Toluene -139.0 231.1 0.87096 7.2685 7.2596
m-Xylene -54.2 282.4 0.86784 7.2425 7.2336
o-Xylene -13.3 291.9 0.88340 7.3723 7.3634
p-Xylene 55.9 281.0 0.86456 7.2151 7.2062
A
Based on regression of 2001 TRC Thermodynamic Tables, Hydrocarbons, NSRDS-NIST 75-121 (April 30, 2001). The data is presented in Appendix X1.
B
Specific Gravity has been deleted from this table as unnecessary to this standard. If needed, divide 60°F density in g/cc divided by 0.999016 g/cc. See Appendix X2.
C
Produced by multiplying the density in g/cc by 8.34540438 and rounding to 4 decimal places.
D
Produced using lb/gal = (Density · 1.00014992597 − 0.00119940779543) · 8.34540438, rounding to 4 decimal places. See Appendix X3.

NOTE—Densities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy effect of air acting on
the liquid. It is representative of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air” represent what would actually be measured on a
scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometers measure density in vacuo and the ASTM and API recommend the use of in vacuo
densities (or weights); however, the purchaser and seller should agree on which to use in their transactions.

materials in the ranges indicated in Table 2. The data support- 5. Volume Correction Factor Implementation Procedure
ing this conclusion appears to be unavailable at the present 5.1 The following general equation is used to generate the
time; however there is no reason to change this recommenda- Volume Correction Factors:
tion. If, depending on the composition of the impurities, there
is reason to suspect that the VCF implementation procedures VCF 5 a 1 bt 1 ct2 1 dt3 1 et4 (1)
presented below do not apply to a particular impure product, a where:
separate implementation procedure should be independently t = temperature in °F
determined. This may be done by measuring the density of a and constants a through e are specific to each compound
representative sample at different temperatures throughout the (presented in Table 3).
expected working temperature range, regressing the data to 5.1.1 Temperature may be entered in tenths of a degree
obtain a temperature/density equation that best reproduces the Fahrenheit.
observed data, and then dividing the constants of the 5.1.2 The final result is rounded to 5 places past the decimal.
temperature/density equation by the calculated density at 60°F. No intermediate rounding or truncation should be done.
Alternatively, if the composition has been quantified one can
5.1.3 The equations are valid for liquid product up to 140°F
use the VCFs of each component (if available) to calculate a
(150°F for p-xylene).
weighted average density at different temperatures and then
5.1.4 This implementation procedure replaces the printed
process the data as mentioned above.
tables of the previous edition of this Method for determining
VCFs. The implementation procedure is the Standard, not
the printed tables. However, a printout of the implementation
TABLE 2 Application Range of Implementation Procedure
procedure is provided in 1°F increments for the user’s conve-
Impure Products Range nience (Table 4).
Benzene 95 to 100%
Cumene 95 to 100%
Cyclohexane 90 to 100% 6. Use of the Implementation Procedure
Ethylbenzene 95 to 100% 6.1 Volume Reduction to 60°F—Enter the appropriate equa-
Styrene 95 to 100%
Toluene 95 to 100% tion with the temperature to the nearest 0.1 degree Fahrenheit
Mixed Xylenes All proportions at which the bulk volume was measured (temperature t). After
m-Xylene 95 to 100% performing the mathematical operations, round the resulting
o-Xylene 95 to 100%
p-Xylene 94 to 100% VCF to 5 places past the decimal. Multiply the bulk volume
300-350°F Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportions measurement at temperature t by the VCF.
350-400°F Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportions
NOTE 1—The purchaser and seller should agree on a reasonable policy

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 D 1555 – 04e1
TABLE 3 VCF Constants
Product a b c d e
Benzene 1.038382492 -6.2307 3 10-4 -2.8505 3 10-7 1.2692 3 10-10 0
Cumene 1.032401114 -5.3445 3 10-4 -9.5067 3 10-8 3.6272 3 10-11 0
Cyclohexane 1.039337296 -6.4728 3 10-4 -1.4582 3 10-7 1.03538 3 10-10 0
Ethylbenzene 1.033346632 -5.5243 3 10-4 8.37035 3 10-10 -1.2692 3 10-9 5.55061 3 10-12
Styrene 1.032227515 -5.3444 3 10-4 -4.4323 3 10-8 0 0
Toluene 1.035323647 -5.8887 3 10-4 2.46508 3 10-9 -7.2802 3 10-12 0
m-XyleneA 1.031887514 -5.2326 3 10-4 -1.3253 3 10-7 -7.35960 3 10-11 0
o-Xylene 1.031436449 -5.2302 3 10-4 -2.5217 3 10-9 -2.13840 3 10-10 0
p-Xylene 1.032287453 -5.2815 3 10-4 -1.8416 3 10-7 1.89256 3 10-10 0
300-350°F 1.031142607 -5.1827 3 10-4 -3.5109 3 10-9 -1.98360 3 10-11 0
350-400°F 1.029085811 -4.8287 3 10-4 -3.7692 3 10-8 3.78575 3 10-11 0
A
and Mixed Xylenes.

in regard to rounding of final numbers in all computations. Rounding the 9132.6 · 7.2196 – 65,934 lb in vacuo
final weight or volume to five significant figures is, in most cases, also
acceptable.
or
9132.6 · 7.2107 5 65,852 lb in air
6.1.1 Example 1—What is the volume at 60°F of a tank car
of p-xylene whose volume was measured to be 9280 gal at a 6.3.2 Example 4—What is the weight of the contents of a
mean temperature of 88.7°F? tank car of mixed xylenes having a measured 60°F density of
6.1.1.1 Enter Eq 1 with 88.7 and the appropriate constants 0.87638 g/mL (in vacuo), whose volume was determined to be
from Table 3 to calculate a VCF of 0.98412. The volume at 9280 gal at a mean temperature of 88.7°F?
60°F is: 6.3.2.1 Enter Eq 1 with 88.7 and the appropriate constants
9280 · 0.98412 5 9132.6 gal
from Table 3 to calculate a VCF of 0.98438. The volume at
60°F is then 9280 · 0.98438 = 9135.0 gal.
6.2 Converting Volume to Weight for Chemicals Listed in 6.3.2.2 The density in lb/gal at 60°F is:
Table 1—Multiply the volume in gallons at 60°F (5 digits) by
~0.87638 · 8.34540438! 5 7.3137 lb/gal in vacuo
the appropriate density in pounds per gallon at 60°F (see Table
1 and Table 1 Note). or
6.2.1 Example 2—What is the weight of p-xylene whose net ~0.87638 · 1.00014992597 – 0.00119940779543! · 8.34540438
volume is 9132.6 gal? 5 7.3048 lb/gal in air
6.2.1.1 The weight is: 6.3.2.3 The weight of the net volume is thus:
9132.6 · 7.2151 5 65,893 lb in vacuo
9135 · 7.3137 5 66,811 lb in vacuo
or or
9132.6 · 7.2062 5 65,811 lb in air
9135 · 7.3048 5 66,729 lb in air
6.3 Converting Volume to Weight for Mixtures—Correct the
measured bulk volume to 60°F as described in 6.1. Determine 7. Density Determination
the density (all weights in vacuo) at 60°F in grams per millilitre 7.1 Density determinations may be carried out by any
(or grams per cubic centimetre, they are equivalent) as de- procedure known to be reliable to at least 4 digits. Test
scribed in Section 7. To obtain the density in pounds per gallon Methods D 1217, D 3505, and D 4052 are suitable and are
in vacuo, multiply by the factor described in footnote C of written to give density in vacuo. They should be used with
Table 1. To obtain the density in pounds per gallon in air at caution, however, as they may be using the older data than that
60°F, use the equation described in footnote D of Table 1 (or upon which this standard is based upon.
refer to Appendix X3).
6.3.1 Example 3—If the p-xylene in Example 2 is less than
8. Precision and Bias
100 % pure, its density should be determined by actual
measurement. For instance, if the p-xylene is 95 % pure and its 8.1 Since this is a calculation method, no precision and bias
density has been measured and determined to be 0.8651 g/mL statement is required.
(in vacuo) at 60°F, the density in lb/gal is:
9. Keywords
~0.8651 · 8.34540438! 5 7.2196 lb/gal in vacuo
9.1 aromatic; benzene; calculation; conversion; cumene;
or
density; ethylbenzene; in air; in vacuo; m-xylene; mixed
~0.8651 · 1.00014992597 – 0.00119940779543! · 8.34540438 xylene; o-xylene; p-xylene; specific gravity; styrene; 300 to
5 7.2107 lb/gal in air 350°F aromatic hydrocarbons; 350 to 400°F aromatic hydro-
The weight of the net volume is thus: carbons; toluene; volume; weight

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TABLE 4 Volume Correction Factors

Volume Correction to 60°F

m-Xylene
300 to 350° 350 to 400°
Temperature and
Benzene Cumene Cyclohexane Ethylbenzene Styrene Toluene o-Xylene p-Xylene Aromatic Aromatic
°F Mixed
Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons
Xylenes
-5.0 ... ... ... ... ... 1.03827 ... ... ... ... ...
-4.0 ... ... ... ... ... 1.03768 ... ... ... ... ...
-3.0 ... ... ... ... ... 1.03709 ... ... ... ... ...
-2.0 ... ... ... ... ... 1.03650 ... ... ... ... ...
-1.0 ... ... ... ... ... 1.03591 ... ... ... ... ...
0.0 ... ... ... ... ... 1.03532 ... ... ... ... ...
1.0 ... ... ... ... ... 1.03473 ... ... ... ... ...
2.0 ... ... ... ... ... 1.03415 ... ... ... ... ...
3.0 ... ... ... ... ... 1.03356 ... ... ... ... ...
4.0 ... ... ... ... ... 1.03297 ... ... ... ... ...
5.0 ... 1.02973 ... 1.03058 ... 1.03238 1.02927 1.02882 ... 1.02855 1.02667
6.0 ... 1.02919 ... 1.03003 ... 1.03179 1.02874 1.02830 ... 1.02803 1.02619
7.0 ... 1.02866 ... 1.02948 ... 1.03120 1.02822 1.02778 ... 1.02751 1.02570
8.0 ... 1.02812 ... 1.02893 ... 1.03061 1.02769 1.02725 ... 1.02700 1.02522
9.0 ... 1.02758 ... 1.02837 ... 1.03002 1.02717 1.02673 ... 1.02648 1.02474
10.0 ... 1.02705 ... 1.02782 ... 1.02944 1.02664 1.02621 ... 1.02596 1.02425
11.0 ... 1.02651 ... 1.02727 ... 1.02885 1.02612 1.02568 ... 1.02544 1.02377
12.0 ... 1.02597 ... 1.02672 ... 1.02826 1.02559 1.02516 ... 1.02492 1.02329
13.0 ... 1.02544 ... 1.02616 ... 1.02767 1.02506 1.02464 ... 1.02440 1.02280
14.0 ... 1.02490 ... 1.02561 ... 1.02708 1.02454 1.02411 ... 1.02389 1.02232
15.0 ... 1.02436 ... 1.02506 1.02420 1.02649 1.02401 1.02359 ... 1.02337 1.02183
16.0 ... 1.02383 ... 1.02450 1.02367 1.02590 1.02348 1.02307 ... 1.02285 1.02135
17.0 ... 1.02329 ... 1.02395 1.02313 1.02531 1.02295 1.02254 ... 1.02233 1.02087
18.0 ... 1.02275 ... 1.02340 1.02259 1.02472 1.02243 1.02202 ... 1.02181 1.02038
19.0 ... 1.02221 ... 1.02284 1.02206 1.02414 1.02190 1.02150 ... 1.02129 1.01990
20.0 ... 1.02167 ... 1.02229 1.02152 1.02355 1.02137 1.02097 ... 1.02078 1.01941
21.0 ... 1.02114 ... 1.02174 1.02098 1.02296 1.02084 1.02045 ... 1.02026 1.01893
22.0 ... 1.02060 ... 1.02118 1.02045 1.02237 1.02031 1.01993 ... 1.01974 1.01844
23.0 ... 1.02006 ... 1.02063 1.01991 1.02178 1.01978 1.01940 ... 1.01922 1.01796
24.0 ... 1.01952 ... 1.02007 1.01938 1.02119 1.01925 1.01888 ... 1.01870 1.01748
25.0 ... 1.01898 ... 1.01952 1.01884 1.02060 1.01872 1.01836 ... 1.01818 1.01699
26.0 ... 1.01844 ... 1.01896 1.01830 1.02001 1.01819 1.01783 ... 1.01766 1.01651
27.0 ... 1.01790 ... 1.01841 1.01777 1.01943 1.01766 1.01731 ... 1.01715 1.01602
28.0 ... 1.01736 ... 1.01785 1.01723 1.01884 1.01713 1.01679 ... 1.01663 1.01554
29.0 ... 1.01682 ... 1.01730 1.01669 1.01825 1.01660 1.01626 ... 1.01611 1.01505
30.0 ... 1.01628 ... 1.01674 1.01615 1.01766 1.01607 1.01574 ... 1.01559 1.01457
31.0 ... 1.01574 ... 1.01619 1.01562 1.01707 1.01554 1.01521 ... 1.01507 1.01408
32.0 ... 1.01520 ... 1.01563 1.01508 1.01648 1.01501 1.01469 ... 1.01455 1.01360
33.0 ... 1.01466 ... 1.01508 1.01454 1.01589 1.01447 1.01417 ... 1.01404 1.01311
34.0 ... 1.01412 ... 1.01452 1.01401 1.01530 1.01394 1.01364 ... 1.01352 1.01263
35.0 ... 1.01358 ... 1.01397 1.01347 1.01472 1.01341 1.01312 ... 1.01300 1.01214
36.0 ... 1.01304 ... 1.01341 1.01293 1.01413 1.01287 1.01259 ... 1.01248 1.01166
37.0 ... 1.01250 ... 1.01285 1.01239 1.01354 1.01234 1.01207 ... 1.01196 1.01117
38.0 ... 1.01196 ... 1.01230 1.01185 1.01295 1.01181 1.01155 ... 1.01144 1.01068
39.0 ... 1.01142 ... 1.01174 1.01132 1.01236 1.01127 1.01102 ... 1.01092 1.01020
40.0 ... 1.01087 ... 1.01118 1.01078 1.01177 1.01074 1.01050 ... 1.01040 1.00971
41.0 ... 1.01033 ... 1.01063 1.01024 1.01118 1.01021 1.00997 ... 1.00989 1.00923
42.0 ... 1.00979 ... 1.01007 1.00970 1.01059 1.00967 1.00945 ... 1.00937 1.00874
43.0 1.01107 1.00925 1.00951 1.00916 1.01001 1.00914 1.00892 ... 1.00885 1.00826
44.0 1.01043 1.00870 1.01058 1.00895 1.00863 1.00942 1.00860 1.00840 ... 1.00833 1.00777
45.0 1.00978 1.00816 1.00992 1.00840 1.00809 1.00883 1.00807 1.00788 ... 1.00781 1.00728
46.0 1.00913 1.00762 1.00926 1.00784 1.00755 1.00824 1.00753 1.00735 ... 1.00729 1.00680
47.0 1.00848 1.00708 1.00860 1.00728 1.00701 1.00765 1.00699 1.00683 ... 1.00677 1.00631
48.0 1.00783 1.00653 1.00794 1.00672 1.00647 1.00706 1.00646 1.00630 ... 1.00626 1.00583
49.0 1.00718 1.00599 1.00728 1.00616 1.00593 1.00647 1.00592 1.00578 ... 1.00574 1.00534
50.0 1.00653 1.00545 1.00662 1.00560 1.00539 1.00589 1.00538 1.00525 ... 1.00522 1.00485
51.0 1.00588 1.00490 1.00596 1.00504 1.00486 1.00530 1.00485 1.00473 ... 1.00470 1.00437
52.0 1.00523 1.00436 1.00530 1.00448 1.00432 1.00471 1.00431 1.00420 ... 1.00418 1.00388
53.0 1.00458 1.00381 1.00464 1.00393 1.00378 1.00412 1.00377 1.00368 ... 1.00366 1.00339
54.0 1.00393 1.00327 1.00398 1.00337 1.00324 1.00353 1.00323 1.00315 ... 1.00314 1.00291
55.0 1.00327 1.00272 1.00331 1.00281 1.00270 1.00294 1.00270 1.00263 ... 1.00262 1.00242
56.0 1.00262 1.00218 1.00265 1.00224 1.00216 1.00235 1.00216 1.00210 1.00217 1.00210 1.00193
57.0 1.00196 1.00164 1.00199 1.00168 1.00162 1.00176 1.00162 1.00158 1.00162 1.00159 1.00145
58.0 1.00131 1.00109 1.00132 1.00112 1.00108 1.00118 1.00108 1.00105 1.00107 1.00107 1.00096
59.0 1.00066 1.00055 1.00066 1.00056 1.00054 1.00059 1.00054 1.00053 1.00052 1.00055 1.00047
60.0 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 0.99998 1.00003 0.99999
61.0 0.99934 0.99945 0.99933 0.99944 0.99946 0.99941 0.99946 0.99947 0.99943 0.99951 0.99950

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TABLE 4 Continued
Volume Correction to 60°F
m-Xylene
300 to 350° 350 to 400°
Temperature and
Benzene Cumene Cyclohexane Ethylbenzene Styrene Toluene o-Xylene p-Xylene Aromatic Aromatic
°F Mixed
Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons
Xylenes
62.0 0.99869 0.99891 0.99867 0.99888 0.99892 0.99882 0.99892 0.99895 0.99888 0.99899 0.99901
63.0 0.99803 0.99836 0.99801 0.99832 0.99838 0.99823 0.99838 0.99842 0.99833 0.99847 0.99852
64.0 0.99737 0.99782 0.99734 0.99775 0.99784 0.99764 0.99784 0.99790 0.99778 0.99795 0.99804
65.0 0.99671 0.99727 0.99668 0.99719 0.99730 0.99706 0.99730 0.99737 0.99723 0.99743 0.99755
66.0 0.99605 0.99672 0.99601 0.99663 0.99676 0.99647 0.99675 0.99684 0.99668 0.99692 0.99706
67.0 0.99540 0.99618 0.99535 0.99607 0.99622 0.99588 0.99621 0.99632 0.99613 0.99640 0.99658
68.0 0.99474 0.99563 0.99468 0.99550 0.99568 0.99529 0.99567 0.99579 0.99558 0.99588 0.99609
69.0 0.99408 0.99508 0.99401 0.99494 0.99514 0.99470 0.99513 0.99527 0.99503 0.99536 0.99560
70.0 0.99341 0.99454 0.99335 0.99438 0.99460 0.99411 0.99458 0.99474 0.99448 0.99484 0.99511
71.0 0.99275 0.99399 0.99268 0.99382 0.99406 0.99352 0.99404 0.99421 0.99393 0.99432 0.99463
72.0 0.99209 0.99344 0.99202 0.99325 0.99352 0.99294 0.99350 0.99369 0.99338 0.99380 0.99414
73.0 0.99143 0.99289 0.99135 0.99269 0.99298 0.99235 0.99295 0.99316 0.99282 0.99328 0.99365
74.0 0.99077 0.99235 0.99068 0.99212 0.99244 0.99176 0.99241 0.99263 0.99227 0.99276 0.99316
75.0 0.99010 0.99180 0.99001 0.99156 0.99190 0.99117 0.99187 0.99211 0.99172 0.99224 0.99267
76.0 0.98944 0.99125 0.98935 0.99099 0.99135 0.99058 0.99132 0.99158 0.99117 0.99173 0.99219
77.0 0.98877 0.99070 0.98868 0.99043 0.99081 0.98999 0.99078 0.99105 0.99061 0.99121 0.99170
78.0 0.98811 0.99015 0.98801 0.98987 0.99027 0.98940 0.99023 0.99052 0.99006 0.99069 0.99121
79.0 0.98744 0.98960 0.98734 0.98930 0.98973 0.98881 0.98969 0.99000 0.98951 0.99017 0.99072
80.0 0.98678 0.98906 0.98667 0.98874 0.98919 0.98823 0.98914 0.98947 0.98895 0.98965 0.99023
81.0 0.98611 0.98851 0.98601 0.98817 0.98865 0.98764 0.98859 0.98894 0.98840 0.98913 0.98975
82.0 0.98544 0.98796 0.98534 0.98760 0.98811 0.98705 0.98805 0.98841 0.98785 0.98861 0.98926
83.0 0.98478 0.98741 0.98467 0.98704 0.98756 0.98646 0.98750 0.98789 0.98729 0.98809 0.98877
84.0 0.98411 0.98686 0.98400 0.98647 0.98702 0.98587 0.98695 0.98736 0.98674 0.98757 0.98828
85.0 0.98344 0.98631 0.98333 0.98591 0.98648 0.98528 0.98641 0.98683 0.98618 0.98705 0.98779
86.0 0.98277 0.98576 0.98266 0.98534 0.98594 0.98469 0.98586 0.98630 0.98562 0.98653 0.98730
87.0 0.98210 0.98521 0.98199 0.98477 0.98540 0.98411 0.98531 0.98577 0.98507 0.98601 0.98682
88.0 0.98143 0.98466 0.98132 0.98421 0.98485 0.98352 0.98476 0.98525 0.98451 0.98549 0.98633
89.0 0.98076 0.98411 0.98065 0.98364 0.98431 0.98293 0.98422 0.98472 0.98396 0.98497 0.98584
90.0 0.98009 0.98356 0.97998 0.98307 0.98377 0.98234 0.98367 0.98419 0.98340 0.98446 0.98535
91.0 0.97942 0.98301 0.97931 0.98251 0.98323 0.98175 0.98312 0.98366 0.98284 0.98394 0.98486
92.0 0.97875 0.98246 0.97863 0.98194 0.98268 0.98116 0.98257 0.98313 0.98229 0.98342 0.98437
93.0 0.97807 0.98190 0.97796 0.98137 0.98214 0.98057 0.98202 0.98260 0.98173 0.98290 0.98388
94.0 0.97740 0.98135 0.97729 0.98080 0.98160 0.97999 0.98147 0.98207 0.98117 0.98238 0.98339
95.0 0.97673 0.98080 0.97662 0.98024 0.98106 0.97940 0.98092 0.98154 0.98061 0.98186 0.98291
96.0 0.97605 0.98025 0.97595 0.97967 0.98051 0.97881 0.98037 0.98101 0.98006 0.98134 0.98242
97.0 0.97538 0.97970 0.97527 0.97910 0.97997 0.97822 0.97982 0.98048 0.97950 0.98082 0.98193
98.0 0.97470 0.97915 0.97460 0.97853 0.97943 0.97763 0.97927 0.97996 0.97894 0.98030 0.98144
99.0 0.97403 0.97859 0.97393 0.97797 0.97888 0.97704 0.97871 0.97943 0.97838 0.97978 0.98095
100.0 0.97335 0.97804 0.97325 0.97740 0.97834 0.97645 0.97816 0.97890 0.97782 0.97926 0.98046
101.0 0.97268 0.97749 0.97258 0.97683 0.97780 0.97587 0.97761 0.97837 0.97726 0.97874 0.97997
102.0 0.97200 0.97694 0.97191 0.97626 0.97725 0.97528 0.97706 0.97784 0.97670 0.97822 0.97948
103.0 0.97132 0.97638 0.97123 0.97569 0.97671 0.97469 0.97651 0.97730 0.97614 0.97770 0.97899
104.0 0.97064 0.97583 0.97056 0.97512 0.97617 0.97410 0.97595 0.97677 0.97558 0.97718 0.97850
105.0 0.96996 0.97528 0.96989 0.97456 0.97562 0.97351 0.97540 0.97624 0.97502 0.97666 0.97801
106.0 0.96929 0.97472 0.96921 0.97399 0.97508 0.97292 0.97485 0.97571 0.97446 0.97614 0.97752
107.0 0.96861 0.97417 0.96854 0.97342 0.97453 0.97233 0.97429 0.97518 0.97390 0.97562 0.97703
108.0 0.96793 0.97362 0.96786 0.97285 0.97399 0.97175 0.97374 0.97465 0.97334 0.97510 0.97654
109.0 0.96725 0.97306 0.96719 0.97228 0.97345 0.97116 0.97318 0.97412 0.97278 0.97458 0.97605
110.0 0.96656 0.97251 0.96651 0.97171 0.97290 0.97057 0.97263 0.97359 0.97221 0.97406 0.97556
111.0 0.96588 0.97196 0.96583 0.97114 0.97236 0.96998 0.97207 0.97306 0.97165 0.97354 0.97507
112.0 0.96520 0.97140 0.96516 0.97058 0.97181 0.96939 0.97152 0.97253 0.97109 0.97302 0.97458
113.0 0.96452 0.97085 0.96448 0.97001 0.97127 0.96880 0.97096 0.97199 0.97053 0.97250 0.97409
114.0 0.96384 0.97029 0.96381 0.96944 0.97073 0.96821 0.97040 0.97146 0.96997 0.97198 0.97360
115.0 0.96315 0.96974 0.96313 0.96887 0.97018 0.96763 0.96985 0.97093 0.96940 0.97146 0.97311
116.0 0.96247 0.96918 0.96245 0.96830 0.96964 0.96704 0.96929 0.97040 0.96884 0.97095 0.97262
117.0 0.96178 0.96863 0.96178 0.96773 0.96909 0.96645 0.96873 0.96987 0.96828 0.97043 0.97213
118.0 0.96110 0.96807 0.96110 0.96716 0.96855 0.96586 0.96818 0.96933 0.96771 0.96991 0.97164
119.0 0.96041 0.96752 0.96042 0.96659 0.96800 0.96527 0.96762 0.96880 0.96715 0.96939 0.97115
120.0 0.95973 0.96696 0.95974 0.96602 0.96746 0.96468 0.96706 0.96827 0.96658 0.96887 0.97066
121.0 0.95904 0.96641 0.95906 0.96546 0.96691 0.96409 0.96650 0.96774 0.96602 0.96835 0.97017
122.0 0.95836 0.96585 0.95839 0.96489 0.96637 0.96350 0.96594 0.96720 0.96546 0.96783 0.96968
123.0 0.95767 0.96529 0.95771 0.96432 0.96582 0.96292 0.96538 0.96667 0.96489 0.96731 0.96919
124.0 0.95698 0.96474 0.95703 0.96375 0.96528 0.96233 0.96483 0.96614 0.96433 0.96679 0.96870
125.0 0.95629 0.96418 0.95635 0.96318 0.96473 0.96174 0.96427 0.96560 0.96376 0.96627 0.96821
126.0 0.95560 0.96362 0.95567 0.96261 0.96418 0.96115 0.96371 0.96507 0.96320 0.96575 0.96772
127.0 0.95492 0.96307 0.95499 0.96205 0.96364 0.96056 0.96315 0.96453 0.96263 0.96523 0.96723
128.0 0.95423 0.96251 0.95431 0.96148 0.96309 0.95997 0.96258 0.96400 0.96206 0.96470 0.96674
129.0 0.95354 0.96195 0.95363 0.96091 0.96255 0.95938 0.96202 0.96347 0.96150 0.96418 0.96625
130.0 0.95284 0.96140 0.95295 0.96034 0.96200 0.95880 0.96146 0.96293 0.96093 0.96366 0.96576
131.0 0.95215 0.96084 0.95227 0.95977 0.96146 0.95821 0.96090 0.96240 0.96036 0.96314 0.96527

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 D 1555 – 04e1

TABLE 4 Continued
Volume Correction to 60°F
m-Xylene
300 to 350° 350 to 400°
Temperature and
Benzene Cumene Cyclohexane Ethylbenzene Styrene Toluene o-Xylene p-Xylene Aromatic Aromatic
°F Mixed
Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons
Xylenes
132.0 0.95146 0.96028 0.95159 0.95921 0.96091 0.95762 0.96034 0.96186 0.95980 0.96262 0.96478
133.0 0.95077 0.95972 0.95091 0.95864 0.96036 0.95703 0.95978 0.96133 0.95923 0.96210 0.96429
134.0 0.95008 0.95917 0.95023 0.95807 0.95982 0.95644 0.95921 0.96079 0.95866 0.96158 0.96380
135.0 0.94939 0.95861 0.94955 0.95750 0.95927 0.95585 0.95865 0.96026 0.95810 0.96106 0.96330
136.0 0.94869 0.95805 0.94887 0.95694 0.95872 0.95526 0.95809 0.95972 0.95753 0.96054 0.96281
137.0 0.94800 0.95749 0.94819 0.95637 0.95818 0.95468 0.95752 0.95919 0.95696 0.96002 0.96232
138.0 0.94730 0.95693 0.94751 0.95580 0.95763 0.95409 0.95696 0.95865 0.95639 0.95950 0.96183
139.0 0.94661 0.95637 0.94683 0.95524 0.95708 0.95350 0.95640 0.95811 0.95582 0.95898 0.96134
140.0 0.94591 0.95581 0.94614 0.95467 0.95654 0.95291 0.95583 0.95758 0.95526 0.95846 0.96085
141.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.95469 ... ...
142.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.95412 ... ...
143.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.95355 ... ...
144.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.95298 ... ...
145.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.95241 ... ...
146.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.95184 ... ...
147.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.95127 ... ...
148.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.95070 ... ...
149.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.95013 ... ...
150.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.94956 ... ...

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. DENSITY DATA EXTRACTED FROM NSRDS-NIST 75-121 (TRC THERMODYNAMIC TABLES, HYDROCARBONS)

This Appendix is included for documentation purposes only and is not necessary for implementation of this standard.

benzene cumene cyclohexane ethylbenzene styrene toluene m-xylene o-xylene p-xylene

°C
kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3
A A A A A
-30 ... ... ... ...
-20 ... 894.8 ... 901.1 942.5 903.6 897.3 912.0 ...
-10 ... 886.6 ... 892.7 933.3 894.5 889.1 904.1 ...
0 ... 878.4 797.0 884.2 924.1 885.3 880.8 896.0 ...
10 889.66 870.0 787.79 875.57 914.9 876.10 872.50 887.93 ...
15 ... ... ... ... 910.3 ... ... ... ...
20 879.00 861.7 778.53 866.92 905.7 866.84 864.10 879.75 860.91
25 873.66 ... 773.87 862.57 901.1 ... 859.86 ... ...
30 868.30 853.2 769.18 858.2 896.5 857.53 855.61 871.49 852.32
40 857.5 844.7 759.71 849.4 887.3 848.2 847.0 863.2 843.6
50 846.7 836.1 750.11 840.5 878.1 838.7 838.4 854.7 834.9
60 835.8 827.5 740.4 831.6 868.9 829.2 829.6 846.2 826.0
A A A A A A A A
70 817.1
A
80
A
Data extends beyond that shown.

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 D 1555 – 04e1

X2. PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

This Appendix is included for documentation purposes only and is not necessary for implementation of this standard.

X2.1 Constants and Factors Used in Calculations—(NIST X2.3 Density of Standard Air—NIST Handbook 44 Appen-
Handbook 44, Appendix C: http://ts.nist.gov/ts/htdocs/230/ dix B and Handbook 105–1 specify a temperature of 20°C for
235/h442002.htm) air buoyancy calculations. The latest International Committee
1 g = 0.002204623 lb of Weights and Measures (CIPM) 81/91 Air Density Execut-
1 mL = 0.0002641721 U.S. gal
able File yields a density of 0.001199228 g/cm3 (760 mm,
X2.2 Density of Weights—NIST Handbook 44 Appendix B 50 % humidity, 20°C). The program is available at http://
and Handbook 105–1 state that brass is no longer used for ts.nist.gov/ts/htdocs/230/235/labmetrologypage.htm.
balance weights due to its softness. A generic reference weight
of 8.0 g/cm3 density at 20°C is used by international agree- X2.4 Density of Water—The equation of J. B. Patterson and
ment. Since a specific material is no longer specified, no E. C. Morris yields a density of water at 60°F of 0.999016
calculation of density at reference temperature can be made. g/mL.

X3. DENSITY AT 60°F IN AIR EQUIVALENT TO ABSOLUTE DENSITY AT 60°F

This Appendix is included for documentation purposes only and is not necessary for implementation of this standard.

X3.1 The following is a derivation of the equation for used for air buoyancy corrections are at 20°C (68°F) by
converting density in vacuo to density in air. international agreement (Appendix X2); the difference between
X3.1.1 Consider mass d to be measured balanced on a scale the ratio of the densities at 20°C (68°F) and that at 60°F is
in vacuo (no air) by an equal reference mass b. When balanced, considered negligible. Thus:
all forces acting on the system cancel each other. Thus, force B68 2 A68
Fd = md·a (a = acceleration of gravity) acting on the mass md D60 2 A68 5 · @mb/Vd#60
B68
is balanced by an equal force Fb = mb·a on the reference mass
mb. D60 2 A68 D60 2 A68
@mb/Vd#60 5 68 68 5
Fd 5 Fb B 2A 1 2 ~A68/B68!
68
B
md·a 5 mb·a
X3.1.2 When balanced in air, each mass is counteracted by where:
a force equal to the weight of the air it displaces (Archimedes’s D60 = density of liquid at 60°F in vacuo, md / Vd,
principle). Therefore, Fad = mad·a and Fab = mab·a, where mad is A68 = density of standard air at 68°F in vacuo,
the mass of air displacing md and mab is the mass of air mad / Vd or mab / Vb,
displacing mb. B68 = density of reference weights at 68°F in vacuo,
mb / Vb, and
Fd 2 Fad 5 Fb 2 Fab
@mb/Vd#60 = density of liquid at 60°F in air (when bal-
md·a 2 mad·a 5 mb·a 2 mab·a anced, the mass of the reference equals the
md 2 mad 5 mb 2 mab mass of the liquid).
X3.1.3 Multiplying the right side of the equation by one in X3.1.6 Selection of the proper conversion factor f is used to
the form of mb/mb gives: change units from one unit system to another, say, g/mL to
mb 2 mab lb/gal (or any other expression of density).
md 2 mad 5 mb · mb
D60 2 A68
@mb/Vd#60 5 ·ƒ
X3.1.4 Similarly, multiplying each side of the equation by 1 2 ~A68/B68!
the volumes involved (Vd for mass md, Vb for mass mb):
X3.1.7 Substituting with the values from Appendix X2, this
Vd 1/Vb ~mb 2 mab!
~md 2 mad! V 5 1/V · mb equation becomes:
d b mb

S D
md mad mb/Vb 2 mab/Vb @mb/Vd#60 5 @1.00014992597 D60 2 0.00119940779543# ƒ
Vd 2 Vd 5 mb/Vb · @mb/Vd#
X3.1.8 To convert g/mL (in vacuo) to lb/gal (in air):
X3.1.5 For volumes at 60°F, these ratios are densities at ƒ 5 8.34540438
60°F. However, the air and reference weight densities to be

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 D 1555 – 04e1

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee D16 has determined that the changes to this standard since the last issue (D 1555 – 95 (2000)) are
too numerous to be detailed. In general, the standard has been revised in order to make it more technically correct
and modernize its use. Changes include:

(1) Replacement of the volume correction factor (VCF) tables ance provided for those who want it).
with the computer implementation procedures. (6) References and values for constants and factors used in the
(2) Calculation of VCFs to five decimal places. calculations provided (Appendix X2).
(3) Temperature input to the nearest tenth of a degree.
(7) Density in air to density in vacuo conversion updated
(4) Title change.
(Appendix X3).
(5) Specific gravity removed from Table 1 (calculation guid-

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