LEXICO GRAMMAR 4
I. Choose the most suitable word/ phrase to complete each sentence.
1. At the start of the course, everyone is assigned a(n) ____ of studies.
A. advisor B. consultant C. counselor D. guide
Assign (v) giao nhiệm vụ, công việc cho ai
UN troops were assigned the task of rebuilding the hospital.
The case has been assigned to our most senior officer.
She was assigned to the newspaper's Berlin office.
ấn định thời gian cho công việc
Have you assigned a day for the interviews yet?
Assign sb to sth: chọn ai làm công việc gì Which police officer has been assigned to this case?
Advisor,consultant, counselor đều là cố vấn nhưng
advisor (n) người định hướng, đưa ra lời khuyên chung và mang tính dài hạn
consultant (n) ngươi đưa ra kiến thức về chuyên môn, chuyên sâu về 1 mảng để làm việc gì đó
counselor (n) lắng nghe, tư vấn để giúp mọi người vượt qua khó khăn
2. You are bound to find information on the stock market crash of 1987 in the newspaper ______.
A. files B. archives C. records D. collections
Be bound to do sth: có xu hướng, có thể sẽ làm gì (=likely nhưng chắc chắn hơn)
You're bound to forget people's names occasionally.
You're bound to feel nervous about your interview.
Có nghĩa vụ (đạo đức hay về luật) để làm gì (=duty-bound)
The company is bound by a special agreement to involve the union in important decisions.
duty-bound She feels duty-bound to tell him everything.
Stock market/stock exchange: sàn/lĩnh vực giao dịch chứng khoán
Crash (v) (nói về sth, k phải sb) thất bại, k thành công
Investors were seriously worried when the stock market began to crash.
Máy tính, hệ thống – hỏng My laptop's crashed again.
(n) sự sụp đổ (thị trường, thị phần)
They lost a lot of money in the Stock Market crash.
Hỏng mt, hệ thống a computer crash
Archive (n) /ˈɑːr.kaɪv/ kho, bộ sưu tập lưu trữ những lịch sử của cj. archive film/footage/material
These old photographs should go in the family archives.
Kho lưu trữ lịch sử I've been studying village records in the local archive.
3. After the concert, everyone had to ______ home through the thick snow.
A. trudge B. tread C. trace D. trickle
Trudge (v) lê bước We trudged back up the hill. I'd had to trudge through the snow.
(n) cuộc đi bộ dài và mệt mỏi We came back from our trudge across the moor wet and tired.
Tread (v) giẫm I kept treading on his toes when we were dancing.
tread in Yuck! Look what I've just trodden in!
be trodden into A load of food had been trodden into the carpet.
tread grapes Before the days of automation, they used to tread grapes to make wine.
Đi bộ He trod heavily and reluctantly up the stairs.
tread your weary way I sometimes see him flash past in his sports car as I tread my weary way (= walk in
a tired way) to work.
Trickle (v) chảy nhỏ giọt
Blood trickled out of the corner of his mouth.
Oil was trickling from a tiny hole in the tank.
Tears trickled down her cheeks as she listened to him.
She felt a line of sweat trickle down her back.
Blood trickled from his nose.
The stream trickled down the hillside.
Water trickled from the broken fountain.
A steady stream of perspiration trickled down his chest.
4. She had made a firm decision and wasn’t ______by anything I said against it.
A. detracted B. prevailed C. induced (thuyết phục ai làm gì) D. swayed
Detract from sth: làm cái gì đó kém giá trị, kém đáng ngưỡng mộ (làm giảm)
All that make-up she wears actually detracts from her beauty, I think.
Detraction (n) điểm trừ, điều làm cj kém giá trị, đáng ngưỡng mộ
detraction from But those are minor detractions from an otherwise excellent programme.
Despite the cost savings, coal also has a number of detractions.
He defended the idea from any detraction.
Lời chỉ trích làm tổn hại danh tiếng của ai
He gave no answer to the malicious detractions of his enemies.
There was a lot of denial and detraction from the government.
Detractor (n) người chỉ trích His detractors claim that his fierce temper makes him unsuitable for leadership.
Prevail (v) phổ biến trong 1 nhóm ng cụ thể ở 1 thời điểm cụ thể
This attitude still prevails among the middle classes.
Induce (v) nghĩa khác gây ra, làm xảy ra Pills for seasickness often induce drowsiness.
Kích sinh (kích thích sản phụ đẻ) In this hospital, twins are often induced.
Sway (v)đung đưa, lắc lư The trees were swaying in the wind.
The movement of the ship caused the mast to sway from side to side/back and forth.
A drunk was standing in the middle of the street, swaying uncertainly and trying hard to stay upright.
Làm thay đổi
Recent developments have swayed the balance of power in the region.
Thuyết phục ai tin/làm cái này hơn cái kia
Her speech failed to sway her colleagues into supporting the plan.
5. This disagreement is likely to ______relations (MQH- always plural) between the two countries.
A. disaffect B. alienate C. sour D. estrange
Disaffect (v) làm mất cảm tình, mất long trung thành, phật long ai
Disaffected (adj) The party needs to take steps to attract disaffected voters.
(người trẻ) bất mãn, không thấy hài long với xã hội
It's hard to cope with a class of disaffected teenagers.
disaffected youth There were serious riots among economically disaffected youths in some cities.
Disaffection (n)k còn có cảm tình, long trung thành vs ai/cj…… a growing disaffection with the country's political leaders
Poverty clearly causes disaffection and unrest.
Alienate (v) làm ai/cj k ủng hộ, đồng tình vs bạn nx (làm phật ý, phật long, bất mãn, …) /ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/
All these changes to the newspaper have alienated its traditional readers.
Làm ai cảm thấy bơ vơ, k thuộc về 1 nhóm nào đó
Disagreements can alienate teenagers from their families.
Sour (v) làm/trở nên chua
Làm/trở nên xấu đi/tồi tệ
Her whole attitude to life soured as a result of that experience.
This incident has soured relations between the two countries.
6. As the evening______ on, I became more and more bored.
A. passed B. drew C. stuck D. wore
Pass on = die (ngữ cảnh trang trọng)
Wear on: (tg) trôi qua chậm rãi
She felt less confident about finishing the work as the week wore on.
7. He was ______ of the press because they had written some terrible things about him in the past.
A. alert B. wary C. guarded D. tentative
Alert to sth: cảnh giác, tỉnh táo với cj /əˈlɝːt/
I'm not feeling very alert today - not enough sleep last night!
A couple of alert readers posted comments on the website pointing out the mistake.
Parents should be alert to sudden changes in children's behaviour.
Wary of/about sth: e ngại, cảnh giác, không tin tưởng hoàn toàn vào cj
I'm a little wary of/about giving people my address when I don't know them very well.
All authors need to be wary of inadvertent copying of other people's ideas.
The legal system is full of snares for those who are not wary.
Tourists should be wary, as pickpockets are known to operate in this area.
Buyers should be wary of hidden costs when purchasing their holiday.
The teacher was wary of giving his pupils too much information at once.
Guarded (adj) cẩn thận để tránh biểu thị, lộ thông tin, cảm xúc, suy nghĩ
a guarded response
tentative (adj) dự kiến
(of a plan or idea) not certain or agreed, or (of a suggestion or action) said or done in a careful but uncertain way because you do not know if you
are right:
tentative plan I have tentative plans to take a trip to Seattle in July.
tentative agreement
tentative deal
tentative step
8. If you want to be a rock star, talent helps, but what it really______ down to is luck.
A. boils B. revolves C. centres D. refines
Boil down to sth: được dẫn đến bởi, có cj là lý do
The problem boils down to one thing - lack of money.
9. Although the patient received intensive treatment, there was no______ improvement in her condition.
A. decipherable (có thể đọc, hiểu dc) B. legible C. discernible (dễ thấy, rõ rang)
D. intelligible (bài nói/viết- rõ rang để hiểu được)
10. Some novels can be killed______ dead by bad reviews when they are first published.
A. axe B. hammer C. rock D. stone
Kill sth stone-dead : giết chết cj (làm cj thất bại hoàn toàn, dừng hoàn toàn)
11. You can exercise your ____________ to cancel the contract immediately, but you wouldn't receive any money
at that point.
A. duty B. obligation C. right D. possibility
12. We were all in ____________ of the fact that the new manager was our old friend Duncan.
A. surprise B. shock C. awe D. amazement
Awe (n) sự nể trọng và hơi sợ hãi/bất ngờ
I've always held musicians in awe.
As children we were rather in awe of our grandfather.
You can't help but stand in awe of (= respect greatly and fear slightly) powerful people.
13. My uncle Warren is a thoroughly despicable character. His one ____________ feature is that he loves
children.
A. saving B. recovering C. improved D. redeeming
Redeem (v) cứu vãn (làm cj bớt tệ đi)
14. I don't think anyone understood what I was saying at the meeting, did they? I totally failed to get my point
____________.
A. around B. about C. across D. along
Get sth across: làm cj được hiểu/ tin bởi ai
We tried to get our point across, but he just wouldn't listen.
get a message across This is the message that we want to get across to the public.
15. There was a veritable ____________ of angry phone calls from members of the public complaining about the
new controversial series on TV.
A. gale (cơn gió mạnh) B. flood (số lượng lớn cj) C. storm D. earthquake
A flood of cheap imports has come into the country.
16. The sales practices of this company will have to be totally ____________ if we are to save it.
A. overthrown B. overhauled (đại tu, sửa đổi) /oʊ.vɚˈhɑːl/ C. overrun D. overwhelmed
17. For lunch, I always have something quick and easy: a sandwich, a salad, toast and the ____________.
A. same B. similar C. like D. rest
18. The government announced today that they intend to ____________ the rise of crime in the inner cities by
increasing police budgets in the areas most affected.
A. beat B. win C. retaliate D. counter (đáp trả, phản bác)
19. I went to see the boss about a pay rise and he brushed me ____________ with a weak excuse about a business
dinner and left me standing there!
A. up B. away C. around D. off
Brush sb away/aside : gạt phăng ai
She brushed their objections aside, saying "Leave it to me."
Every time I try to explain, you brush me aside as though nothing I say can have any value.
She brushed away his concerns about the effect of the move on their children.
People complained, but they were brushed away.
20. The new teacher was taken advantage of by the students and often had to ____________ her authority.
A. assert B. confirm C. inflict D. strike
Assert one’s authority: khẳng định quyền lực của mình
She very rarely asserts her authority over the children.
The new manager has already asserted his authority on the club.
21. Aid agencies are still _____________the situation.
A. estimating B. deducing (suy luận) C. assessing D. assuming
We cannot deduce very much from these figures.
[ + that ] The police have deduced that he must have left his apartment yesterday evening.
22. He believed that promotion should be awarded on ________, not on length of service.
A. equality B. merit C. characteristics D. purpose
On one’s merits: dựa vào năng lực của ai, k phải khi so sánh vs ngkh
The committee will consider each applicant on his or her own merits.
We will listen to all the arguments and judge them on their merits.
You will be treated fairly and evaluated on your merits.
Did they reach their positions on their own merits?
I am proud to be here on my own merits and not because of who my parents are.
23. When you use the Internet, you have so much information at your _____________.
A. fingers B. hands C. thumbs D. fingertips
Have sth (information)At one’s fingertips: có thông tin trong tầm tay
He has all the latest statistics at his fingertips.
24. Jake’s completely round the _______________, isn’t he?
A. edge B. side C. corner D. bend
Round the corner: rất gần đây (very near here)
There's a great restaurant just round the corner.
25. The police detective had been in _____________of the suspect for two days.
A. employment B. pursuit C. expedition D. chase
26. From the ____________expression on his mother’s face, Roy realized that he wouldn’t be able to persuade
her.
A. tall B. firm C. weak D. hasty (vội vã) /ˈheɪ.sti/
27. In the summertime, tomatoes are _____________available, since it is the best season for them to mature in.
A. solely B. shortly C. warmly D. readily
28. Every year, the day before they are due to leave, Margot runs from store to store trying to
________________with all the shopping for the vacation.
A. catch up B. write down C. sell out D. make up
29. After you have ____________the costume you like best, it’ll take a week to get it done.
A. kept away B. turned down C. picked out D. put off
30. They are unlikely to find any new evidence because so much time has ______________since the crime.
A. spanned B. postponed C. lapsed D. elapsed
31. The ___________against your having that kind of accident are about 500 to 1.
A. possibilities B. figures C. opportunities D. odds (khả năng xảy ra trong TL)
32. The police are going to take a much tougher_____________ towards crimes lie burglary.
A. method B. procedure C. approach D. behavior
33. In order to cut ____________, the company will no longer allow employees to claim for first- class travel on
their expenses.
A. prices B. fees C. charges D. costs
34. Tony seemed remarkably devoid of _________sense and did the most ridiculous things.
A. common B. ordinary C. average D. everyday
Common sense: lẽ thường/ cách đối nhân xử thế sao cho đúng, hợp lý
35. A young tourist has been declared ______after he got lost in the mountains last Monday.
A. absent B. deserter C. missing D. vanished
36. I am in a _____________as how to use this CD Rom.
A. loss B. difficulty C. quandary D. mind- game
Quandary (n) sự bối rối, kbt làm gì
I've had two job offers, and I'm in a real quandary about/over which one to accept.
37. I hope this headache ______________soon.
A. goes out B. comes away C. wears off D. passes away
38. It is important to _______________your qualifications to use.
A. turn B. let C. get D. put
39. It cannot be denied that fireworks are a serious fire _____________.
A. accident B. mishap (điều xui xẻo) C. danger D. hazard (chất, điều
nguy hiểm)
40. My parents always had a happily _______attitude to my staying out late in the evening.
A. cold- blooded (máu lạnh) B. long- suffering C. easy- goingD. thick- skinned (mặt
dày, bản lĩnh, k dễ bị tổn thương bởi chỉ trích)
Long-suffering (adj) nhẫn nhịn, chịu đựng long-suffering wife
41. It won’t ________ matter if you arrive a few minutes late.
A. greatly B. largely C. grandly D. considerably
42. All three TV channels provide extensive ________ of sporting events.
A. vision B. coverage (phát song) C. broadcast D. network
43. Time was running out, so the committee had to make a ________ decision.
A. brief B. snap C. sharp D. curt
Snap (adj) vội vàng (k có tg, sự chuẩn bị kĩ lưỡng)
snap decision He always makes snap decisions and never thinks about their consequences.
44. Because of an unfortunate ________ your order was not despatched by the date requested.
A. hindrance B. oversight C. negligence D. transgression
45. Tempers began to ________ as the lorries forced their way through the picket lines.
A. break B. fray (cẳng thẳng) C. grate D. fire
46. The government has made no ________ in the flight against inflation; indeed, the situation has worsened
recently.
A. headway B. effect C. avail D. triumph
47. The completion of the new Town Hall has been ________ owing to a strike.
A. held off B. held down C. held up D. held on
48. People under 21 years old are not ________ to join this club.
A. desirable B. eligible C. advisable D. admissible
49. News of the attempted coup began to ________ through to the outside world.
A. pour B. filter C. broadcast D. drip
50. My secretary was ________ to have typed those letters already.
A. asked B. supposed C. requested D. ordered
51. To prevent flooding in winter the water flowing from the dam is constantly ________ by a computer.
A. managed B. graded C. monitored D. conducted
52. The children’s bad behavior in class ________ their teacher beyond endurance.
A. disturbed B. exasperated C. distracted D. aroused
53. He bought that house, ________ that he would inherit money under his uncle’s will.
A. considering B. assuming C. estimating D. accounting
54. The postal services were ________ for several weeks by the strike.
A. disrupted B. perturbed C. disarrayed D. deranged
55. You may borrow my bicycle ________ you are careful with it.
A. even if B. as long as C. as much as D. expecting
56. How many people do you think his car would ________?
A. occupy B. hold C. fit D. load
57. Financial worries gradually ________ his health and he was obliged to retire early.
A. undermined B. disabled C. exhausted D. invalidated
58. If you weren’t satisfied, you ________ have complained to the manager.
A. can B. could C. need D. will
59. I don’t feel like buying a ________ in a poke; we’d better check the content.
A. pig B. cattle C. buffalo D. ox
60. If you want to have a good flat in London, you have to pay through the ______ for it.
A. mouth B. eye C. nose D. head
61. General Custer was confident of victory despite being vastly...............by the enemy.
A. Outnumbered B. outclassed C. overcome D. overtaken
62. The weather forecast predicted …………weather with snow, sunshine, wind, and thunder, and that is what we
have had
A. various B. differing C. variable D. fluctuating
63. The ministry refused to .................the figures to the press.
A. release B. leak C. show D. add
64. Steve...........his chances of passing by spending too much time on the first question.
A. threw out B. threw off C. threw away D. threw in
65. The murderer has been put ……………..for 30 years
A. out B. away C. down D. up
66. Since he spoke about the subject so indirectly, it was difficult to see what he was.........
A. getting at B. getting on C. getting in D. getting up
67. James had,........., saved the manuscript of his first novel from the burning house
A. lastly B. At last C. lately D.at least
68. Mr Nixon refused to answer the question on the.................that the matter was confidential.
A. reasons B. excuses C. grounds D. foundation
69. The lawyer insisted that his client...........never have been arrested in the first place.
A. should B. must C. ought D. would
70. As they came under heavy fire, the captain ordered his men to................
A. fall away B. fall back C. fall over D. fall out
71. How votes will react to this latest political scandal.......to be seen.
A. is B. remains C. has D. waits
72. “There is no further treatment we can give” said Dr JekyII.”. We must let the disease take its.........
A. course B. end C. term D. way
73. He walked from the court a free man, having been............of murder.
A. unconvinced B. discharged C. liberated D. acquitted
74. Michael was the..........force behind the company’s rapid expansion.
A. managing B. leading C. rising D. driving
75. I don’t think that this fashion will……………………….
A. catch up B. catch out C. catch on D. catch over
76. As soon as you buy a car, it starts falling in..................
A. cost B. worth C. value D. price
77. There's no point in telephoning him. He's certain ..................... by now.
A. to leave B. to have left C. left D. having left
78. Giving up smoking is just one of the ways to ..................... heart disease.
A. push off B. put off C. ward off D. throw off
79. The windows don't fit very well and this makes the room awfully.....................
A. airy B. draughty C. breezy D. ventilated
80. I was proud to be....................... out for special praise for my performance.
A. selected B. singled C. separated D. distinguished
81. My brother found it impossible to ______his anger and started shouting.
A. restrict B. inhibit C. reserve D. contain
82. The problem _______because neither side was prepared to compromise.
A. amassed B. escalated C. profilerated D. enhanced
83. A meeting was held so that staff could _______their view freely.
A. divulge B. vent C. utter D. air
84. Not even losing all the time could _______his enthusiasm for tennis.
A. recede B. dampen C. erode D. belittle
85. It was a _________lie and nobody at all believed it.
A. blatant B. salient C. conspicuous D. pronounced
86. You’ll just have to ____yourself to the fact that you can’t always have what you want.
A. acknowledge B. reconcile C. concede D. allow
87. The interests of her family _________ all other considerations for her.
A. outweigh B. monopolize C. overrun D. surpass
88. I didn’t want to make a decision ____, so I said I’d like to think about it.
A. in one go B. there and then C. at a stroke D. on and off
89. We were under no _____ about how difficult it would be to achieve our aims.
A. fantasies B. daydreams C. illusions D. deceptions
90. Suddenly I slipped and ended up _____on the floor
A. slouching B. lounging C. sprawling D. drooping
91. I’m afraid that the facts don’t ____your theory.
A. pull off B. check out C. show off D. bear out
92. I wouldn’t like to _____ a guess as to how much this might cost.
A. speculate B. hazard C. advance D. envisage
93. We are not in a _____ hurry so let’s have another coffee
A. dashing B. racing C. rushing D. tearing
94. It was a bad mistake but it had no _____on the outcome of the match.
A. bearing B. relevance C. significance D. repercusion
95. The island was quite content with its _______ prosperity.
A. heinous B. burgeoning C. insatiable D. abortive
96. He ________at the last minute and withdrew from the competition.
A. put his foot down B. got up his nose C.couldn’t keep a straight face D. got cold feet
97. George wasn’t in a particularly good mood, but then he is always a bit ______in the morning.
A. irate B. crotchety C. indignant D. infuriated
98. The city below her was ____with neon lights.
A. afresh B. alight C. ablaze D. acute
99. We were alerted to the fire when we saw thick, heavy smoke _____out of the window.
A. clouding B. billowing C. choking D. pushing
100. Jack _______and can usually let us know what the boss’s mood is.
A. turns a blind eye B. plays it by ear C. keeps his ear to the ground D. is all ears
