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Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
 A.L.S. OF THE ELECTRESS SOPHIA OF
HANOVER TO THE DUKE OF LEEDS,
OCTOBER 19, 1710.

CHAPTER V

ROYAL AUTOGRAPHS PAST AND PRESENT—

THE COPY-BOOKS OF KINGS AND PRINCES
Some unpublished specimens of the handwriting of Royal
Personages present and past
 The very dust of whose writings is gold.
Richard Bentley.
The autographs of Royalty have, for more than a century, formed a
favourite subject for collection, not only in the United Kingdom, but
on the Continent and in the United States, where I am told the finest
examples of this fascinating branch of the autograph cult (Mr. Adrian
Joline calls it frankly a hobby) are to be found. Royal letters and
signatures figure conspicuously and plentifully in all books of
facsimiles, but the young collector would do well to study carefully
two volumes devoted exclusively to this particular branch of
calligraphy.[24] Examples of Royal handwriting abound in both the
Record Office and the British Museum, although a good many were
either turned into jelly, burned, or otherwise wasted in consequence
of such regrettable transactions as the "waste-paper" deals between
the officials of Somerset House and Mr. Jay, and those of the new
India Office and the pulping-mills.[25] It is clear that Royal
autographs may be looked for in all sorts of out-of-the-way and
unexpected places. Henry VIII.'s love-letters to Anne Boleyn are said
to be hidden away in the Vatican, and Sir H. Maxwell Lyte found the
sign manuals of monarchs amongst the débris of the Belvoir hay-loft.
In no class of autographs is the rise of prices and increase of value
so remarkable as in those now under discussion. I cannot precisely
ascertain the present worth of the signature of Richard II., with
whom the English series is supposed to commence, but M. Noël
Charavay tells me that a document signed by John II., the first of
the French Royal signers, would fetch £10. Before me lie some
interesting details as to the value of Royal autographs in 1827, and a
group of catalogues, containing a good many desirable items of this
kind, issued in London between 1875 and 1885.
It will be instructive to note the prices which choice specimens
fetched at these comparatively recent periods. In The Archivist of
December, 1889, we are informed that according to the price-
currents of 1827 the autographs of "Elizabeth the adored of her
people" are worth £2 2s., while Charles I., "worshipped as a martyr,"
commands the same price. Charles II., with his Queen, Catharine of
Braganza, thrown in, fetches no more than £1 5s. James II. is worth
£3 8s., owing to a limited supply. William III. yields less than half
that figure, but a whole letter of Queen Mary was knocked down for
£3 10s.

A.L.S. OF KING GEORGE III. ON THE

SUBJECT OF THE DEFENCE OF
ENGLAND IN THE EARLY STAGES OF
THE GREAT TERROR OF 1796-1805.
(By permission of Mr. John Lane.)
The expert of this excellent journal continues: "George I., 'a heavy,
dull German gentleman,' is reckoned worth only £1 1s., and George
II., I am ashamed to say it, only 14s. Our beloved monarch George
III., being well remembered, rises to £3 10s. George IV., the most
complete gentleman of his age,[26] rises above all his Royal
predecessors and reaches £4 14s. 6d.; it is also curious to see how
so great a king and so fine a gentleman wrote when he was a boy
and to possess a leaf of his copybook. Here I fain would conclude
this estimate of British rulers, but truth compels me to add that
Oliver Cromwell is deemed worth £5 15s. 6d. French kings are sadly
degraded. Five Grands Monarques, among whom are Francis I. and
Louis XIV., are estimated at the average price of 4s. 1½d. each;
Henry IV. advanced to 14s., but Napoleon, in the very teeth of
French legitimacy, reaches 20s. higher. A French Queen, Anne of
Austria, is worth 7s., while Josephine, the shadow of a French
empress, is worth more than five times this sum. A great and wise
Emperor of Russia, and the brave King of Prussia, require the aid of
a French prince, an English princess, and seven English peers to
push them up to 16s." These were indeed halcyon days for the
collectors, but at that period they were few and far between. Mr.
William Upcott, the doyen of modern autograph collectors, reigned
almost supreme at "Autograph Cottage," Islington, his only possible
competitors being Mr. Young and Mr. John Dillon.
COMMISSION SIGNED BY OLIVER CROMWELL, OCTOBER
20, 1651.
(In the collection of Sir George White, Bart., of Bristol.)
 SIGNATURE OF LORD PROTECTOR
RICHARD CROMWELL TO A
COMMISSION, JANUARY, 1658.
In the mid "eighteen-seventies" Mr. John Waller, the conscript father
of London autograph-dealers, was about to move from 58, Fleet
Street to Harley House, Artesian Road, Westbourne Grove. A little
later the late Mr. Frederick Barker began to issue catalogues of
autograph letters and historical documents from Rowan Road, Brook
Green. He became the agent of Mr. William Evarts Benjamin, now
the doyen of the autograph merchants in New York, then residing at
744, Broadway. In Mr. Waller's first catalogues I find the following
"Royalties": Charles II. Royal Sign Manual, 7s. 6d.; letter from
Charles II. of Spain to William III., 4s. 6d.; George Sign Manual
when blind, 7s. 6d.; George I. Sign Manual, 1 p. folio, 12s. 6d.;
Henry II. of France, fine D.S. with State seal, 12s. 6d.; King of Siam,
7s. 6d.; Papal Bull of Urban VIII., 30s.; Warrant of Privy Council of
Edward VI. with numerous rare signatures, 25s.; Duke of Sussex,
interesting letter on the trial of Queen Caroline, 4s. 6d.; Queen
Victoria, two Royal Sign Manuals at 10s. each; Henry VIII. Royal
Sign Manual on "vellum, document of great beauty," 48s.; Henry VII.
Royal Sign Manual on "document of greatest interest," 70s.;
Frederick Prince of Wales, L.S., 10s.; Charles I. when Prince of
Wales, D.S., 34s.; Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette—signatures on
two "important documents," 24s. the pair; Napoleon I. L.S. 2 pp. 4to
to Prince of Neuchatel, Valladolid, January 11, 1809, 25s.; Papal Bull
Alexander III., 1181, 47s. 6d.; Mary II. Royal Sign Manual, 30s.;
Original Orders for Arrest of Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III.), June
13, 1848, 52s. 6d.; Napoleon II. (King of Rome), 4 pp. of an original
historical essay, 48s.; Royal Sign Manual of Philip and Mary, ten
guineas; A.L.S. of Charles II., 1½ pp., Whitehall, September 26,
1660, à sa chère sœur, 73s. 6d. I will not pursue this list further. The
reader can judge of the relative value of Royal autographs in 1827
and 1875-80.
 FOURTEEN LINES IN THE WRITING OF
NAPOLEON ON MILITARY ORDER, WITH HIS
SIGNATURE, JULY 3, 1803.
In the price of the autographs of sovereigns of minor importance
there has been no striking rise since 1880. Indeed, I note that on
December 17th, 1909, letters and documents signed by Ferdinand,
Grand Duke of Tuscany, Louis XVIII. of France, Mathias de Medicis,
also of Tuscany, and Rudolph II., Emperor of Germany, were
knocked down in one lot at Sotheby's for five shillings. But letters of
the Tudor and Stuart sovereigns are fetching as many pounds in
1910 as they did shillings eighty years ago. A pardon granted by
James II. to Edward Strode, of Downside, "on account of his
entertaining the Duke of Monmouth for one night immediately after
his defeat at Sedgemoor," sold on December 17, 1909, for £57. Mr.
Waller in 1876 would assuredly have catalogued it at 57s. or less.
Four years ago I purchased for Sir George White, Bart., of Bristol, an
order, signed by the same sovereign, enjoining the Duke of Beaufort
to burn Keynsham Bridge on the approach of Monmouth and his
followers, at the modest price of 42s. Amongst other letters or
documents belonging to this category figuring in the last sale of
1909 may be mentioned a letter signed by Cromwell addressed to
the Genevan Senate on the recent Protestant massacres in the Alps
(July 28, 1655), for which Mr. Sabin gave £31, and two A.L.S.—one
of George IV. and one of William IV., which went to Mr. W. V. Daniell
for 12s. To what indignation would this startling fall in value have
moved the righteous soul of the chronicler of the sale-prices of
1827! MSS. of "The First Gentleman in Europe" rank no longer
amongst the high-priced autographs, but I shall have more to say of
them presently. Experience has taught me to look in Munich and
Paris for bargains in the matter of seventeenth-century Stuart
letters. At Munich I quite lately came across a fine A.L.S. of Charles
I. for £10, and a delightful L.S. of his eldest son while in exile to the
Elector Palatine, with seals and silken cords intact, for 50s. Good
William III. letters now average £10, but I obtained the following
characteristic letter written from the Camp before Namur for less
than half that sum:—
Au Camp devand Namur, 13 de juillet, 1695.
A neuf heures du soir.
J'ay receu ce matin vostre lettre de hier du matin a neuf
eures, j'ay donne les ordres pour faire marcher demain a
la pointe du jour le Brigadier St. Paul avec cinq batt; selon
la route que Dopp vous envoyerez pour les Dragons je
vous en ay ecrit hier et attendres vostre reponse. Si vous
trouves que vous n'avez pas besoin de ces batt: vous les
pouvez faire halte en chemain et me les renvoyer. Jusque
 a present je n'ay point de nouvelle que Precontal a
marche vers le Haynaut aussi tot que je le sauroi je vous
en advertires, ce qui se passeray Dopp vous le mendra je
suis tres touche du malheur du povre fagel qui nous faira
grand faute je ne scai ... s'il en ecchapera, je suis toujours
a vous.
William R.

AUTOGRAPH OF HENRY VII., KING OF ENGLAND (1456-

1509).
(In the collection of Messrs. Maggs.)
Letters of the Electress Sophia of Hanover very rarely turn up, and I
consider the following quaint epistle addressed to that astute
"trimmer," the Duke of Leeds, when she was over eighty, a great
bargain at 30s.:—
Hanover le 19 Decbre 1710.
A Monsieur le Duc de Leeds.
Monsieur,—Longtems que j'ay le bien de vous connoitre
come il y a par la reputation que vous vous estes acquise
dans le monde, vous devez estre assuré my Lord que les
marques de votre amitié m'ont este fort agreable et que
i'ay este bien aise que vous serés Contant de l'acceuil que
j'ais fait au my Lords vos petits fils lesquels par leur
propre merite s'attirent l'estime de tous ceux qui les voie,
et dont vous devez estre fort content. Je les chargeres fort
à leur retour de vous assurer du cas que je faits de votre
amitié et de la reconnaissance avec la qu'elle je suis
Monsieur
Votre tres affectione
a vous servir
Sophie Electrice.
Je me souviens fort bien du tems que vous faites le
mariage du Roy Guillaume et des bons bons sentiment
que vous tenies en cœur.

A.L.S. OF KING WILLIAM III.

FROM CAMP BEFORE NAMUR,
JULY 13, 1795.
 LAST PAGE OF A.L.S. OF
EMPRESS CATHERINE OF
RUSSIA TO MRS. DE BIELKE, OF
HAMBURG, JULY 28, 1767.
Letters of Frederick the Great, be they holograph or merely signed,
are cheaper in England than on the Continent. Even the L.S. are
often witty, and I have met with many good specimens at from 10s.
to 15s. One of the greatest treasures in my collection is a superb
letter of the Empress Catharine II. of Russia, dated July 28, 1767,
and addressed to Madame de Bielke, of Hamburg, who gave it to a
Foreign Office official, Sir Charles Flint, from whose descendant it
passed into my possession. It was submitted by M. Noël
Charavay[27] to M. Rambaud, ex-Minister of Public Instruction,
Professor at the Sorbonne, who discovered it to be one of an
important series, of which sixteen are published in the "Collection de
la Société impériale d'histoire de Russie." Sir Charles Flint was an
early collector of autographs, and his duties as a King's Messenger
gave him excellent opportunities of picking up treasures like this. I
think it best to give the letter in the original French, instead of
following the modernised version adopted in Paris:—
A ma Terre de Kolominska a Sept Werste de Moscou
le 28 Juillet 1767.
Madame,—Je suis de retour de mon grand voyage depuis
six semaine, et pendant ce tems a peine aije trouvé le
moment pour vous repondre, quoique tout les jours je me
disois demain j'ecrirés et lorsque demain venoit j'avois
autant de tracas, que la veille, et au sortir de la j'etois si
fatigué que je pouvoit dire com̄ e le Philosophe marié, A
force de penser je n'ai plus d'idée; en attendant j'ai a
repondre a cinq de vos lettre dans lequelles je trouve
repandu un sentimens universel de votre part de
m'obliger; je vous en ai bien de l'obligation madame, et j'y
reconnois parfaitement ce caractere aimable qui vous a
toujours distingué. En revange des nouvelles de l'Europe
dont vous me faite part quelque fois je vous en conterés
d'Asie, j'ai fait 1300 Werstes sur le Volga j'ai descendu
dans les endroits les plus remarquables, j'ai trouvé les
deux bords du Volga d'une beauté au dessus presque de
l'expression, peuplés et cultivés tres honetement, mais
l'endroit qui a le plus attiré mon attention est sans
contredit la ville de Casan; au premier coup d'œil l'on voit
que s'est la capitale d'un grand Royaume; j'y ai trouvé des
habitans de huit nations aussi differentes par leur
habillement que par leurs mœurs, Religions, languages, et
idées, cette Ville est tres opulente et s'est la premiere des
nôtres qui a recon̄ u que les batimens de bois sont moins
bons que ceux de pierres, qui peut, en fait a present de
cette derniere espeçe, et ceux qui n'ont pas euë cette
facultés ont euë le malheur de perdre les leurs il y a deux
ans par un incendie, j'ai trouvé la moitié de la ville brulée
mais en verité l'on ne s'en aperçevoit pas, tant cette ville
est grande, je fais rebatir la moitié brulés en pierre et
probablement ce sera un quartier très hon̄ ete, la Ville m'a
don̄ é une mascarade un souper un feu d'artifiçe et une
fete publique pour le peuple ou chaque nation dansoit a
sa façon devant la maison, au j'étois; il y avoit une
affluance de Noblesse d'allentour qui fit qu'il y eut jusqu'a
quatre cent masque de cet état des deux sexe. J'ai trouvé
outre cela de tres belle fabrique et des marchandise de
touttes espece. On avait élevé un arc de triomphe pour
mon entrée com̄ e je n'en ai vuë encore, de pareil a
aucune solemnellité. Enfin après sept jours j'ai quité a
regret cette ville qui n'a d'autre defaut que d'être situé a
800 Werste de celleçi et en Asie, en revange le sol est
excellent, les asperges sauvage les serises les abricots
sauvages et les roses y vien̄ ent com̄ e les broussailles dans
les autres pays, on chauffe les fourneaux avec du chene
et des tilleuls faute d'autre bois. Nous y avons trouvé une
chaleur excessive a la fin de may et l'hiver y dure moins
qu'ici, j'ai été de la jusqu'au confins du Royaume de Casan
et ou celui d'Astracan com̄ ençe, j'y ai trouvé les ruine
d'une ville que Tamerlan avoit batis pour son petit fils il y
a encore en entier deux minarets fort haut de pierre de
taille la mosquée et six Voûtes de maison la terre est noire
com̄ e du charbon et quand on ensemence l'on na pas
besoin de labourer l'on passe lentement pardessus la
semence avec l'instrument dont on se sert partout a cet
usage et dont j'ai oublié le nom. Ensuite je suis revenue ici
et j'ai fait 800 werste en six jours, en tres bon̄ e santé, je
souhaite Madame que la votre soi de meme et que vous
soyés bien assuré de mon estime et amitié.
Caterine.
La plupart de neuf deputés choisis pour travailler a notre
nouveaue Code étant arrivé, l'on com̄ ençera après demain
avec beaucoup d'appareil ce grand et memorable ouvrage.
For the following translation I am indebted to Professor Maurice A.
Gerothwohl, Litt.D., of the University of Bristol:—
At my Estate of Kolominska, Seven Versts from Moscow.
July 28, 1767.
Madam,—It is now six weeks since I returned from my long
journey, and during this time I have been scarcely able to
find a moment in which to reply to you, although I said to
myself daily, "I will write to-morrow"; but, when the
morrow came, I experienced the same trouble as on the
previous day, and in the end I was so tired that I might
well have exclaimed with "The Married Philosopher,"[28] "I
have thought so much that I have no thoughts left."
Meanwhile I have to answer five letters of your own, all of
which breathe a general desire on your part to be of some
service to me. I am, indeed, obliged to you for this,
Madam, wherein I readily discern that lovable disposition
which has ever been one of your distinguishing traits.
In return for the European news which you communicate
to me from time to time, here is news from Asia. I did
1,300 versts on the Volga, landing at the most notable
spots. I found both banks of the Volga beautiful almost
beyond expression, and withal fairly populated and
cultivated. But the spot which attracted most attention on
my part is unquestionably the City of Kazan.[29] You
recognise at first sight that you are here in the capital of a
great kingdom. I found there members of eight
nationalities, all equally distinct in dress, customs, religion,
language, and modes of thought. The city is very
prosperous, and the first of our towns to recognise that
wooden are inferior to stone buildings. All who can afford
it, now build houses of the latter type, and those who
were precluded from doing so had the misfortune of
seeing their homes wrecked in a conflagration which
occurred some two years since. But as a matter of fact,
we never noticed this, as the city is so vast. I am having
the ruined half of the city rebuilt in stone, and it will
probably present a very respectable appearance. The city
authorities entertained me to a masque, a supper,
fireworks, while for the people there was held a public
festival, at which each nation danced in its own peculiar
style in front of the house in which I was staying. There
was a great influx of the nobility of the neighbourhood, so
that the masks of both sexes belonging to this order
numbered no fewer than four hundred. Apart from all this,
I came across fine factories, and goods of all descriptions.
For my entry, they had erected a triumphal arch such as I
had never yet beheld at any solemnity. Finally, when
seven days had elapsed, I left with some diffidence this
town whose only fault is that it is situated in Asia, and
distant from here by some 800 versts. On the other hand,
its soil is most fruitful, wild asparagus, cherries, apricots,
and roses growing there like brushwood in other lands.
They heat their ovens with oak and lime-tree, there being
no other wood available. We found it excessively hot there
at the end of May, and their winter is shorter than our
own. Thence I proceeded to the limits of the Kingdom of
Kazan, and the starting point of the boundaries of the
Astrakhan Kingdom. And here I came across the ruins of a
town built by Tamerlane for his grandson, of which all that
survives in its entirety are a couple of minarets built of
freestone, a mosque, and six vaulted chambers. The soil
there is as black as coal, and when you sow there is no
need to till; you need only pass lightly over the seeds with
an instrument used everywhere for that purpose, the
name of which I have forgotten. Following upon that, I
returned here, covering 800 versts in six days, and feeling
none the worse for it. I only hope that your health is
equally satisfactory, and that you entertain no doubts as
to my regard and friendship for you.
 Catharine.
The majority of the nine deputies who have been
appointed to work at our new Code having now arrived,
we shall embark to-morrow upon that great and epoch-
making task with due solemnity.
What a contrast does the vigorous letter of Catharine "Slay-Czar," as
Horace Walpole was pleased to call her, present to the following
letter of Louis XVI., written to Lavoisier, the Physicist, while the
premonitory grumblings of the coming storm were still audible!
Versailles le 15 Mars 1789.
Votre derniere experience, Monsieur, fixe encore toutte
mon admiration. Cette découverte prouve que vous avez
aggrandi la sphère des connoissances utiles. Vos
expériences sur le gaz inflammable prouvent combien
vous vous occupiez de cette science admirable qui, tous
les jours, fait de nouveaux progrès. La Reine et quelques
personnes que je desire rendre témoins de votre
découverte, se réuniront dans mon cabinet, demain a sept
heures du soir. Vous me ferez plaisir de m'i apporter le
traitté des gaz inflammables. Vous connoissez, Monsieur,
toutte mon amitié pour vous.
Louis.
[Translation].
Versailles 15 March 1789.
Sir,—My admiration is still wholly riveted upon your latest
experiment. This discovery proves that you have enlarged
the sphere of useful knowledge. Your experiments on
inflammable gas prove to what extent you have cultivated
that admirable science which is daily making further
strides. The Queen and a few persons to whom I am
anxious to show your discovery will meet in my study to-
morrow evening, at seven. I shall be pleased if you will
 bring with you the Treatise on inflammable Gas. You are
not unaware, sir, of the very great friendship which I bear
you.
Louis.
The old Princess Amelia, Aunt to George III., the legends of whose
snuff-taking and card-playing still linger at Gunnersbury and in
Cavendish Square, was a wit in her way. Horace Walpole yawned
incontinently at one of her whist parties, and made amends in verse.
This is what she wrote him in return:—
Princess Amelia to Horace Walpole.
17 of June.
I wish I had a name that could answer your proud verses.
Your yawning yesterday opend your vein for pleasing me
and I return you my thanks my good Mr. Walpole and
remain,
Sincerely your friend,
Amelia.
At the back, in the handwriting of Walpole, "From Her Royal
Highness Princess Amelia June 17 1786."
ONE OF THE EARLIEST SIGNATURES OF LOUIS XIV.
(AGED SIX).

INTERESTING A.L.S. OF LOUIS XVI. TO THE CHEMIST

LAVOISIER ON THE SUBJECT OF THE DISCOVERY OF
 INFLAMMABLE GAS, VERSAILLES, MARCH 15, 1789.
Few Royal letters interest me more than those of George III., upon
whose worth of character, in my opinion, they throw a strong light.
Five years ago they were comparatively rare, although Farmer
George was his own Secretary, and appears to have been at his desk
at all hours of the day and night from 1760 until his Jubilee in 1809,
when blindness fell upon him, and his signature became an
undecipherable scrawl. His writing was peculiarly neat and legible.
Only when under the influence of illness or strong emotion did he
omit to add the hour and minutes to the day of the week and
month. Here is an early letter written to the future Lord Hood, when
the future King William IV. went to sea as a boy of twelve.[30]
George III. to Sir Samuel Hood,
June 13th, 1779.
Sir Samuel Hood,—This will be delivered to you by Major
General de Budé, whom I have directed to stay a few days
at Portsmouth that he may be able to bring me some
accounts how far the Midshipman takes to his situation,
besides I think it may be of use to Rear Admiral Digby to
be thoroughly apprised with many particulars concerning
my Boy that will enable him to fix the better his mode of
treating him. If the fleet sails in the course of the Week I
hope you will find some means of letting him attend it to
St. Hellens; as it will be a very additional pleasure if he
can bring me the news that this noble Fleet is under way.
George R.
 A.L.S. OF KING GEORGE III. TO
SIR SAMUEL HOOD (AFTERWARDS
LORD HOOD), JUNE 13, 1779.
Nine years later he goes to Cheltenham with the threatenings of his
first attack of mental affliction upon him. He writes thus banteringly
to his daughter the Princess Sophia, who lived down to our own
time, and whom my mother remembered seeing in a sedan chair in
Bond Street:—
Cheltenham Aug 4 1788
My dearest Sophia,—The account this day of Mary is so
charming that it has quite put me into spirits, and
prepared me for going tomorrow after dinner to Worcester
where I shall remain till Friday evening that I may attend
the three Mornings at the Cathedral the Musick of my
admiration Handel.
Yesterday evening Lady Reed with all her curtsies left this
place, but not without inviting your Gentleman to come as
 a connoisseur to assist her Mackaws, Parrots and
Paroqueets. Tell Gooly that she is not forgot for Sestini's
songs are play'd in honour of her on the walks and dear
Mr. Hunt enquir'd very kindly of the Colonel after her, I
ever remain
My dearest Sophia
Your most affectionate Father,
George R.
PS.—It is not right to tell stories out of school or I could
mention that the Gentleman is the admiration of all the
Ladies and that on the Walks he is ever talking to some
Lady or other not known by those who have been here
some time, indeed, I believe the knowledge of his coming
has brought them from all parts of the Island.
Lady Reed was one of those persons who followed the Court
everywhere—a peculiarity not wholly extinct. There is a curious
caricature of her making her bow to Royalty on the Weymouth
Esplanade, surrounded by a bevy of spaniels, the companions of the
"Mackaws, Parrots and Paroqueets" mentioned by the King, who
evidently understood her. In the late autumn the King's affliction
declared itself, but in the following April he became convalescent,
and the following is one of the first letters he wrote on his recovery:
—
George III to Lord Sydney.
Though heartily tired of receiving addresses, as I am on
Saturday to receive through the hands of the Lord Mayor
of London and the Sheriffs one from the livery of London,
I do not object to the Laity of the Protestant Dissenters
sending a Deputation with an Address on the same day.
Lord Sydney may therefore authorize Mr. Nepean to give a
favourable answer to the Application of Mr. Boyle French.
G. R.
Windsor,
 April 11, 1789.
Here is a letter of seven years later, when the strained relations of
the "First Gentleman in Europe" and his wife, the Princess Caroline,
became a public scandal:—
George III. to Caroline, Princess of Wales.
Windsor, 28 Juin 1796
Madame ma Fille,—J'ai reçu hier votre lettre au sujet du
bruit repandu dans le public de Votre repugnance a vous
preter à une parfaite reconcilliation avec Mon Fils le Prince
de Galles je ne disconvient pas (sic) que cette opinion
commence à prendre racine, et qu'il n'y a qu'une manière
de la détruire c'est que Mon Fils ayant consenti que la
Comtesse de Jersey doit suivant votre desire quitter Votre
Service et ne pas être admise à Votre Societé privée. Vous
devez témoigner votre desir qu'il revient chez lui, et pour
rendre la reconcilliation complette on doit des deux cote's
abstenir de reproches, et ne faire des confidences à
d'autres sur ce sujet. Une conduite si propre certainement
remettra cette Union entre mon Fils et Vous qui est un des
evenemens que j'ai le plus à louer.
Mon fils le Duc de York Vous remettra cette lettre et Vous
assurera de plus de l'amitié sincere avec la quelle je suis
Madame Ma Belle Fille
Votre très affectueux Beau Pere
George R.
The finest letters of George III. from a moral and patriotic point of
view are unquestionably those written during the "Great Terror,"
when for nearly ten years the practical realisation of Napoleon's
threatened invasion of our shores was expected at any moment.
Some years ago, at the cost of £5, I obtained the following letter
addressed by the King to Lord Mulgrave just four days before
Trafalgar:—
 Kew, October 17 1805
The information received by the mail just arrived is so
important that Lord Mulgrave has judged very properly in
instantly communicating it, though at an irregular hour.
The violence of Bonaparte is highly advantageous to the
good cause, and probably has affected a decision in the
line to be pursued by the King of Prussia that will be more
efficacious than the interview with the Emperor of Russia
would have produced without it.
George R.

A.L.S. OF KING GEORGE III.

WRITTEN FOUR DAYS BEFORE
THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR.
Shortly after the death of the late Duke of Cambridge a vast number
of George III.'s letters suddenly flooded the market. The average
price fell from £5 and more to £2 and less. Every autograph dealer in
London had a stock, so there could be no "corner" in "Georges." I
contrived to get thirty or forty—mostly written from Weymouth. It
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