BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

Incorporating corrigendum March 2019

BSI Standards Publication

Electrical energy storage (EES) systems

Part 2-1: Unit parameters and testing methods - General specification

BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN IEC 62933-2-
1:2018. It is identical to IEC 62933-2-1:2017, incorporating corrigendum
January 2019.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is
indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by IEC corrigendum January
2019 is indicated in the text by  .
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee ESL/120, Electrical Energy Storage.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2019
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2019
ISBN 978 0 580 97063 4
ICS 13.020.30
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2018.

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected

31 March 2019 Implementation of IEC corrigendum January 2019

 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62933-2-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2018

ICS 13.020.30

English Version

Electrical energy storage (EES) systems - Part 2-1: Unit

parameters and testing methods - General specification
(IEC 62933-2-1:2017)

Systèmes de stockage de l'énergie électrique (EES) - Partie Elektrische Energiespeichersysteme - Teil 2-1:
2-1: Paramètres unitaires et méthodes d'essai – Einheitsparameter und Prüfverfahren - Allgemeine
Spécifications générales Festlegungen
(IEC 62933-2-1:2017) (IEC 62933-2-1:2017)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2018-01-17. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2018 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.

Ref. No. EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018 E

BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018
EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018 (E)

European foreword

The text of document 120/109/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62933-2-1, prepared by IEC/TC 120
"Electrical energy storage (EES) systems" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and
approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018.

The following dates are fixed:

• latest date by which the document has to be (dop) 2018-10-17

implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2021-01-17
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62933-2-1:2017 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.

In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:

IEC 62620 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62620.

IEC 62933-3-1 1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62933-3-1 2.
IEC 60060-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60060-1.
IEC 60068-2(series) NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2 (series).
IEC 60721-2-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60721-2-2.
IEC 60721-2-4 NOTE Harmonized as HD 478.2.4 S1.
IEC 60146-1-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60146-1-1.
IEC 60146-1-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60146-1-3.
IEC 60146-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60146-2.
IEC 62109-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62109-1.
IEC 62109-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62109-2.
IEC 62116 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62116.
IEC 62477-1:2012 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62477-1:2012 (not modified).
IEC 62909-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62909-1.
IEC 60947-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60947-1.
IEC 60947-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60947-2
IEC 60947-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60947-3.
IEC 60947-4-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60947-4-1.
IEC 61439-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61439-1.
IEC 61439-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61439-2.
IEC 61439-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61439-3.

1 Under development. Stage at the time of publication: IEC CDM 62933-3-1:2017.

2 Under development. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 62933-3-1:2016.

2
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018
EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018 (E)

IEC 61439-5 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61439-5.

IEC 61439-6 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61439-6.
IEC 62271-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62271-1.
IEC 62271-100 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62271-100.
IEC 62271-102 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62271-102.
IEC 62271-103 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62271-103.
IEC 62271-105 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62271-105.
IEC 62271-200 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62271-200.
IEC 62271-202 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62271-202.
IEC 60076-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-1.
IEC 60076-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-2.
IEC 60076-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-3.
IEC 60076-5 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-5.
IEC 60076-10 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-10.
IEC 60076-11 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-11.
IEC 60076-13 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-13.
IEC 61558-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61558-1.
IEC 60038 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60038.
IEC 60071-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60071-1.
IEC 60364-1 NOTE Harmonized as HD 60364-1.
IEC 60364-4-41 NOTE Harmonized as HD 60364-4-41.
IEC 60364-4-42 NOTE Harmonized as HD 60364-4-42.
IEC 60364-4-43 NOTE Harmonized as HD 60364-4-43.
IEC 60364-4-44 NOTE Harmonized as HD 60364-4-442 and HD 60364-4-444.
IEC 60364-5-52 NOTE Harmonized as HD 60364-5-52.
IEC 60364-5-53 NOTE Harmonized as HD 60364-5-53.
IEC 60364-5-54 NOTE Harmonized as HD 60364-5-54.
IEC 60364-7-712 NOTE Harmonized as HD 60364-7-712.
IEC 62305-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62305-1.
IEC 62305-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62305-2.
IEC 62305-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62305-3.
IEC 62305-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62305-4.
IEC 62446-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62446-1.
IEC 61672-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61672-1.
IEC 61672-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61672-2.
IEC 61000-2-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-2-2.
IEC 61000-3-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-3-2.
IEC 61000-3-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-3-3.
IEC 61000-3-11 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-3-11.
IEC 61000-3-12 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-3-12.
IEC 61000-6-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-6-1.
IEC 61000-6-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-6-2.

3
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EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018 (E)

IEC 61000-6-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-6-3.

IEC 61000-6-5 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-6-5.

4
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018
EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018 (E)

Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications

with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.

NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.

NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60364-6 - Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 6: HD 60364-6 -
Verification
IEC 61000-4-7 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part EN 61000-4-7 -
4-7: Testing and measurement techniques
- General guide on harmonics and
interharmonics measurements and
instrumentation, for power supply systems
and equipment connected thereto
IEC 61400-21 - Wind turbines -- Part 21: Measurement and EN 61400-21 -
assessment of power quality
characteristics of grid connected wind
turbines
IEC TR 61850-90-7 - Communication networks and systems for - -
power utility automation - Part 90-7: Object
models for power converters in distributed
energy resources (DER) systems
IEC 61936-1 - Power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c. -- EN 61936-1 -
Part 1: Common rules
IEC 62933-1 3 - Electrical energy storage (EES) systems – EN 62933-1 4 -
Part 1: Vocabulary

3 Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: IEC FDIS 62933-1:2017.

4 Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: FprEN 62933-1:2017

5
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CONTENTS

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 7
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols .......................................................... 7
3.1 Terms and definitions .............................................................................................. 7
3.2 Abbreviated terms ................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Symbols .................................................................................................................. 8
4 Classification of EES system ........................................................................................... 8
4.1 General ................................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Categorizing the application of EES system ............................................................ 9
4.3 Class A applications ............................................................................................... 9
4.3.1 Frequency regulation ....................................................................................... 9
4.3.2 Fluctuation reduction ....................................................................................... 9
4.3.3 Voltage regulation ........................................................................................... 9
4.4 Class B – Peak shaving/peak shifting .................................................................... 10
4.5 Class C – Back-up power ...................................................................................... 10
5 Unit parameters ............................................................................................................. 10
5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 10
5.1.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 10
5.1.2 Reference environmental conditions .............................................................. 10
5.1.3 Standard testing conditions ........................................................................... 11
5.1.4 Typical architecture ....................................................................................... 11
5.2 List of unit parameters .......................................................................................... 12
5.2.1 Nominal energy capacity ................................................................................ 12
5.2.2 Input and output power rating ........................................................................ 12
5.2.3 Roundtrip efficiency ....................................................................................... 14
5.2.4 Expected service life ...................................................................................... 15
5.2.5 System response ........................................................................................... 15
5.2.6 Auxiliary power consumption ......................................................................... 16
5.2.7 Self- discharge of EES system ....................................................................... 17
5.2.8 Rated voltage range ...................................................................................... 17
5.2.9 Rated frequency range .................................................................................. 17
6 Testing methods and procedures ................................................................................... 17
6.1 General ................................................................................................................. 17
6.2 Parameter test ...................................................................................................... 18
6.2.1 Actual energy capacity test ............................................................................ 18
6.2.2 Input and output power rating test.................................................................. 19
6.2.3 Roundtrip efficiency test ................................................................................ 20
6.2.4 Expected service life test ............................................................................... 21
6.2.5 System response test, step response time and ramp rate .............................. 21
6.2.6 Auxiliary power consumption test ................................................................... 24
6.2.7 Self-discharge of EES system test ................................................................. 24
6.2.8 Rated voltage and frequency range test ......................................................... 25
6.3 Performance test .................................................................................................. 25
6.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 25
6.3.2 Performance test for class A applications ...................................................... 26
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IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 –3–

6.3.3 Performance test for class B applications ...................................................... 26

6.3.4 Performance test for Class C applications ..................................................... 27
6.4 System implementation test .................................................................................. 27
6.4.1 Visual inspection ........................................................................................... 27
6.4.2 Continuity and validity of conductors .............................................................. 27
6.4.3 Earthing test .................................................................................................. 28
6.4.4 Insulation test ................................................................................................ 28
6.4.5 Protective and switching device test .............................................................. 28
6.4.6 Equipment and basic function test ................................................................. 28
6.4.7 Grid connection compatibility test .................................................................. 29
6.4.8 Available energy test ..................................................................................... 30
6.4.9 EMC immunity test ......................................................................................... 30
Annex A (informative) Duty cycle for efficiency test .............................................................. 31
A.1 General ................................................................................................................. 31
A.2 Class A application duty cycle ............................................................................... 31
A.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 31
A.2.2 Duty cycle ...................................................................................................... 31
A.3 Class B application duty cycles ............................................................................. 32
A.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 32
A.3.2 Duty cycle ...................................................................................................... 32
Annex B (informative) Fluctuation reduction test .................................................................. 33
B.1 General ................................................................................................................. 33
B.2 Fluctuation reduction test ...................................................................................... 33
Annex C (informative) Back-to-back test method for EES system ......................................... 35
C.1 Back-to-back test without grid interconnection ...................................................... 35
C.2 Back-to-back test with grid interconnection ........................................................... 36
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 37

Figure 1 – Example of classification of EES systems .............................................................. 9

Figure 2 – Typical architecture of EES system ...................................................................... 12
Figure 3 – Optional architecture of EES system .................................................................... 12
Figure 4 – Sign convention of active power and reactive power ............................................ 14
Figure 5 – Step response time and ramp rate of EES system ................................................ 16
Figure 6 – Typical testing points for apparent power ............................................................. 20
Figure 7 – System response test ........................................................................................... 23
Figure A.1 – Class A application duty cycle ........................................................................... 31
Figure A.2 – Class B application duty cycles ......................................................................... 32
Figure B.1 – Power stabilization test ..................................................................................... 33
Figure B.2 – Report of stabilization test ................................................................................ 34
Figure C.1 – Back-to-back test configuration (EESS module type) ........................................ 35
Figure C.2 – Back-to-back test configuration (AC/DC/AC converter type) .............................. 36
Figure C.3 – Back-to-back test configuration (EESS module type) ........................................ 36
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Table 1 – Example of typical and not exclusive applications classification ............................... 9

Table 2 – Normal environmental conditions ........................................................................... 11
Table 3 – Standard testing conditions ................................................................................... 11
Table 4 – Document format of roundtrip efficiency ................................................................ 20
Table 5 – Performance test items.......................................................................................... 26
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IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 –5–

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________

ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE (EES) SYSTEMS –

Part 2-1: Unit parameters and testing methods – General specification

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 62933-2-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee TC 120:
Electrical energy storage (EES) systems.

The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:

FDIS Report on voting

120/109/FDIS 120/115/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.

This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

A list of all parts in the IEC 62933 series, published under the general title Electrical energy
storage (EES) systems, can be found on the IEC website.
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The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be

• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

The contents of the corrigendum of January 2019 have been included in this copy.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 –7–

ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE (EES) SYSTEMS –

Part 2-1: Unit parameters and testing methods – General specification

1 Scope

This part of IEC 62933 focuses on unit parameters and testing methods of EES systems. The
energy storage devices and technologies are outside the scope of this document. This
document deals with EES system performance defining:

– unit parameters,
– testing methods.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.

IEC 60364-6, Low voltage electrical installations – Part 6: Verification

IEC 61000-4-7, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-7: Testing and measurement
techniques – General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and
instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto

IEC 61400-21, Wind turbines – Part 21: Measurement and assessment of power quality
characteristics of grid connected wind turbines

IEC TR 61850-90-7, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 90-7: Object models for power converters in distributed energy resources (DER) systems

IEC 61936-1, Power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c. - Part 1: Common rules

IEC 62933-1 1, Electrical energy storage (EES) systems – Part 1: Vocabulary

3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols

3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 62933-1 apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:

• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/

• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp

_____________
1 Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: IEC FDIS 62933-1:2017
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3.2 Abbreviated terms

CAES compressed air energy storage

CB circuit breaker

DLC double layer capacitor

EES electrical energy storage

FES flywheel energy storage

NaS sodium sulphur

NiCd nickel cadmium

NiMH nickel metal hydride

PHS pumped hydro storage

POC point of connection

SMES superconducting magnetic energy storage

SNG synthetic natural gas

SOC state of charge

3.3 Symbols
ƞ rt roundtrip efficiency
Eo total output energy measured at POC
EI total input energy measured at POC
Eaux_o
energy consumption of auxiliary subsystem measured at auxiliary POC during
output operation
E aux_I
energy consumption of auxiliary subsystem measured at auxiliary POC during
input operation
RR ramp rate
SRT step response time
P active power
Q reactive power
S apparent power
U voltage
I current
P aux auxiliary power consumption

4 Classification of EES system

4.1 General

A widely-used approach for classifying EES systems is the determination according to the
form of energy used. A classification example of EES systems according to energy form is
shown in Figure 1. EES systems are classified into mechanical, electrochemical, chemical,
electrical and thermal energy storage systems.
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IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 –9–

EES systems

Mechanical Electrochemical Electrical

Secondary batteries Double-layer
Pumped hydro – Lead acid/NiCd/NiMH/Li/NaS Capacitor – DLC
PHS
Flow batteries Superconducting
Compressed air – CAES Redox f low/Hybrid f low magnetic coil – SMES

Flywheel – FES
Chemical Thermal
Hydrogen Sensible heat storage
Electrolyser/Fuel cell/SNG Molten salt/A-CAES

IEC

Figure 1 – Example of classification of EES systems

4.2 Categorizing the application of EES system

The application and use of an EES system differs according to its purpose and location. The
application of an EES system can be classified into three classes, and five representative
applications are described in Table 1. The summary of the three classes of Table 1 is as
follows:

a) Class A: short-duration application that requires the EES system to input/output the
required power over a duty cycle for a short period of time (for example, the EES system
is charged and discharged in less than 1 h).
b) Class B: long-duration application that requires the EES system to input/output the
required power over a duty cycle for a long period of time (for example, the EES system is
charged and discharged in more than 1 h).
c) Class C: the EES system is used to supply AC power to electric power grids in emergency
case, without relying on an external power source.

One EES system can be used in combination with applications of different classes.

Table 1 – Example of typical and not exclusive applications classification

Classifications Class A Class B Class C

(short duration) (long duration) (back-up)
Typical applications Frequency regulation Peak shaving/peak shifting Back-up power
Fluctuation reduction
Voltage regulation

4.3 Class A applications

4.3.1 Frequency regulation

The EES system supports grid frequency stabilization using active power.

4.3.2 Fluctuation reduction

The EES system stabilizes a fluctuating power supply or a fluctuating load.

4.3.3 Voltage regulation

The EES system stabilizes the voltage of a power grid using reactive and active power.
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4.4 Class B – Peak shaving/peak shifting

The EES system has a function to use the stored energy for peak demand or a function to
store excess energy of generation. EES system can achieve better operation efficiency of the
transmission and distribution lines.

4.5 Class C – Back-up power

The EES system has a function to supply AC power in electric power grids or microgrids
installed to operate critically important systems over a fixed duration in accordance with the
system specifications. ESS system can therefore reduce the risk of major blackouts.

5 Unit parameters

5.1 General

5.1.1 Overview

The following parameters shall be specified as the common basic parameters to ensure EES
system capability and performance:

• nominal energy capacity (Wh);

• input and output power rating (W, var, VA);
• roundtrip efficiency (%);
• expected service life (years, duty-cycles);
• system response (step response time (s) and ramp rate (W/s));
• auxiliary power consumption (W);
• self-discharge of EESS (Wh/h);
• voltage range (V);
• frequency range (Hz).

Each parameter defined in this document shall be measured and evaluated at the POC.

5.1.2 Reference environmental conditions

The EES system shall be used under the conditions listed in Table 2.
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IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 11 –

Table 2 – Normal environmental conditions

Indoor installation Outdoor installation

Upper limit ≤ 40 °C ≤ 40 °C
and 24 h average ≤ 35 °C ≤ 35 °C
Ambient air
and one category: -5 indoor: ≥ −5 °C -10 outdoor: ≥ −10 °C
temperature
or -15 indoor: ≥ −15 °C -25 outdoor: ≥ −25 °C
or -25 indoor: ≥ −25 °C -40 outdoor: ≥ −40 °C
Solar radiation (clear day, noon) Negligible ≤ 1 000 W/m a b
Altitude ≤ 1 000 m ≤ 1 000 m
Relative humidity: 24 h average ≤ 95 % b

c
Condensation, precipitation
a Details of global solar radiation are given in IEC 60721-2-4. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage some
synthetic materials, for more details see IEC 60068.
b For these conditions, condensation may occasionally occur. Condensation can be expected where sudden
temperature changes occur in periods of high humidity. To avoid breakdown of insulation or corrosion of
metallic parts due to high humidity and condensation, equipment designed for such conditions and tested
accordingly should be used. Condensation may be prevented by special design of the building or housing, by
suitable ventilation and heating of the station or by the use of dehumidifying equipment.
c Precipitation in the form of dew, condensation, fog, rain, snow, ice or hoar frost should be taken into account.
Precipitation characteristics for insulation are described in IEC 60060-1 and IEC 60071-1. For other
properties, precipitation characteristics are described in IEC 60721-2-2.

When the EES system is intended to be used under conditions different from the normal
environmental conditions given in Table 2, an agreement between user and system supplier is
necessary. For each test described in this document, the system supplier shall report the
following environmental conditions:

a) ambient air temperature

b) altitude
c) relative humidity/condensation and precipitation (precipitation is only needed for outdoor
equipment)
d) Atmospheric pressure

5.1.3 Standard testing conditions

The EES system shall be tested under the conditions listed in Table 3. However, if it cannot
be tested under standard test conditions, conversion to standard test conditions is allowed.

Table 3 – Standard testing conditions

Item Conditions

Ambient air temperature 25 ºC

Altitude ≤ 1 000 m

Humidity ≤ 95 % with no condensation

5.1.4 Typical architecture

The typical architecture of an EES system is shown in Figure 2. The boundary between the
EES system and the electrical power system is defined as POC. Each parameter that is
defined in this document shall be measured at POC.
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 12 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

Figure 2 and Figure 3 are examples.

Control subsystem

Communication subsystem
Communication
Management subsystem interface
Protection subsystem

Auxiliary subsystem

Primary subsystem
Power
Accumulation Connection
conversion POC
subsystem subsystem
subsystem

IEC

Figure 2 – Typical architecture of EES system

If the auxiliary subsystem is fed from another feeder, the optional architecture of the ESS
system is shown in Figure 3.

Control subsystem
Communication subsystem
Communication
Management subsystem
interface
Protection subsystem

Auxiliary
Auxiliary subsystem connection Auxiliary POC
subsystem

Primary subsystem

Power Primary
Accumulation
conversion connection Primary POC
subsystem
subsystem subsystem

IEC

Figure 3 – Optional architecture of EES system

5.2 List of unit parameters

5.2.1 Nominal energy capacity

The nominal energy capacity is the energy that can be output by the system at POC under the
standard testing conditions specified in 5.1.3. The energy capacity shall be
evaluated considering energy losses including conversion loss and energy used for
the auxiliary subsystem. The energy capacity shall be defined as the product of the rated
output power and the output duration time at this rated power. The unit of energy capacity
shall be defined as Wh for an EES system.

5.2.2 Input and output power rating

5.2.2.1 General

The input and output power is the value of power that an EES system can absorb or provide
for a specified time at the POC under the reference environmental conditions specified in
5.1.3. The rated input and output power shall be specified together with input or output
duration.
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 13 –

The input and output power are classified as active power (P), reactive power (Q) and
apparent power (S) and the required parameters from these three parameters depending on
applications shall be specified. The units of active power, reactive power and apparent power
are defined as W, var and VA respectively.

5.2.2.2 Active power

The rated input active power of the EES system is the maximum value of power that can be
input at constant for a specified duration at the POC from the lower state of charge limit. Input
active power shall be expressed with a negative sign as shown in Figure 4 according to
IEC 62933-1 and IEC TR 61850-90-7.

The rated output active power of the EES system is the maximum value of power that can be
output for a specified duration at POC from the full available energy level. Output active
power shall be expressed with a positive sign as shown in Figure 4 according to IEC 62933-1
and IEC TR 61850-90-7.

The EES system can be applied for various types of applications as listed in Table 1. Different
types of input and output characteristics are required for various applications. Therefore, the
input power rating, output power rating and input and output period during which the EES
system can absorb or deliver constant power should be defined based on the application.

Specific input and output related performance parameters for specific applications may be
added as required. Short-duration input and output power is an example. Short-duration input
power is the maximum power that the EES system can input at the POC during a specified
duration, which is typically less than 5 min. Short-duration output power is the maximum
power that the EES system can output at the POC for a specified duration, which is typically
less than 5 min. The specific conditions, such as duration for short duration input and output
power, shall be specified as agreed upon by the system supplier and user for these specific
parameters.

5.2.2.3 Reactive power

The rated reactive power of the EES system is the maximum value of constant reactive power
that can be output or input continuously at the POC.

Sign convention of reactive power is shown in Figure 4 according to IEC 62933-1 and IEC TR
61850-90-7.

5.2.2.4 Apparent power

The apparent power is the absolute value of combining active power and reactive power at
the POC as shown in Figure 4.
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 14 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

EES system I: + Power grid

P, Q: +

POC

+Q (var)

Rated Q

S (VA) Rated Q
S (VA)

(Capacitive) (Capacitive) (Capacitive) (Capacitive)

–P (W) +P (W) –P (W) +P (W)
(Input) Rated P (Output) (Input) Rated P (Output)

(Inductive) (Inductive) (Inductive) (Inductive)

Operating zone Operating zone

–Q (var) –Q (var) IEC

Figure 4 – Sign convention of active power and reactive power

NOTE The purpose of Figure 4 is to define the sign convention of active power and reactive power. The P and Q
characteristic of EES system described in Figure 4 is an example with the same ratings for charging and
discharging.

5.2.3 Roundtrip efficiency

The roundtrip efficiency is the ratio of total output energy divided by total input energy over
one charging/discharging cycle using rated input and output power, and it should be evaluated
by energy efficiency in cycle, which is charging from minimum available energy level to the full
available energy level, then discharging to the minimum available energy level. The roundtrip
efficiency depends on actual energy capacity, rated input active power, rated output active
power, power consumption of the auxiliary subsystem, as well as the standard testing
conditions specified in 5.1.3.

The roundtrip efficiency (ƞ rt ) shall be defined as shown in the formula below.

For Figure 2:

Eo
η rt = (1)
EI

For Figure 3:

Eo − Eaux_o
η rt = (2)
EI + Eaux_I
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 15 –

where
Eo is the total output energy measured at the (primary) POC considering energy
losses including conversion loss and energy used for the auxiliary subsystem in
as shown in Figure 2,
EI is the total input energy measured at the (primary) POC,
E aux_o is the energy consumption of the auxiliary subsystem measured at the auxiliary
POC during output operation as shown in Figure 3,
E aux_I is the energy consumption of the auxiliary subsystem measured at the auxiliary
POC during the input operation as shown in Figure 3.

5.2.4 Expected service life

The time point when any of the following degradation phenomena have occurred and EES
system no longer complies with the specifications is defined as expected service life of EES
system. The end of service life values that are specified in the specification should be used as
performance criteria as follows so that EES system can comply with the specifications.

• The actual energy capacity of the EES system at rated power becomes lower than
the end of service life values.
• The input and output power during system charging and discharging for a specified
duration is lower than the end of service life values.
• The system response is deteriorated for end of service life values.

In view of these points, the degradation characteristic due to ageing or the charge and
discharge cycles shall be considered as one of the important performance data to evaluate
the expected service life of the EES system. In particular, the actual initial energy capacity of
the EES system should be calculated in the planning stage taking into account the energy
capacity degradation characteristics depending on the applications addressed by the EES
system to meet the required service life of the EES system.

NOTE In some cases, the end of service life values can be considered as rated values.

5.2.5 System response

5.2.5.1 Step response time

The step response time of the EES system is the duration of the time interval between the
instant T 0 when the set point is received at the EES system, which is in stand-by mode, or
when the grid parameter changes in a way to trigger the system response, and the instant T 3
when the active power at the POC reaches within 2 % of the set point as shown in Figure 5. A
detailed definition of T 0 shall be agreed between the system supplier and user. The reference
set point for the definition of the step response time is the rated input/output power.

If the system has a rated value of reactive power, then the step response time shall be also
tested at:

– rated input/output reactive power,

– rated input/output apparent power (with different ratio of active/reactive powers),
– other set points with reduced power respect to the rated one.
NOTE In general, the response time of reactive power is covered by the response time of active power, because
the response time of reactive power is faster than the response time of active power.

5.2.5.2 Ramp rate

The ramp rate of the EES system is the average rate of active power variation per unit of time
between T2 and T1 as shown in Figure 5. T1 is the time when the active power at the POC
becomes higher than 10 % of the set point value. T2 is the time when the active power
at the POC becomes higher than 90 % of the set point value.
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 16 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

The reference set point for the definition of the ramp rate is the rated input and output
power to decide the charge and discharge ramp rate. In case the consideration of non-
linear characteristics or transition behaviour during mode change for the ramp rate is
required, for example charge – discharge – charge, the definition of ramp rate shall be defined
by agreement between the user and system supplier.

P(T2 ) − P(T1 )
RR = (W/s ) (3)
T2 − T1

If the system has a rated value of reactive power, then the ramp rate shall be also tested at:

– rated input/output reactive power,

– rated input/output apparent power (with different ratios of active/reactive powers),
– other set points with reduced power respect to the rated one.
% set point

102
100
98
90

Ramp
rate

10
0

T0 T1 T2 T3 Time
Step response time
IEC

Figure 5 – Step response time and ramp rate of EES system

5.2.6 Auxiliary power consumption

The auxiliary power consumption corresponds to the power needed to operate the auxiliary
subsystem. The unit shall be defined as W.

Auxiliary power consumption shall be measured or estimated by keeping the parameters of

power conversion subsystem as in the following five cases:

a) active power 0 W and reactive power 0 var,

b) rated output active power,
c) rated input active power,
d) rated output reactive power (if the system has a rated value of reactive power),
e) rated input reactive power (if the system has a rated value of reactive power).

In case the auxiliary subsystem is fed from the auxiliary POC (Figure 3), auxiliary power
consumption shall be measured as input power at the auxiliary POC.

Auxiliary power consumption shall be evaluated under the standard testing conditions
specified in 5.1.3.
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 17 –

5.2.7 Self- discharge of EES system

The self-discharge of the EES system is the energy loss of the EES system in the stopped
state during the standard measurement time. The standard measurement time of self-
discharge for EES system is one of one hour, one day or one week. Energy consumption of
the auxiliary subsystem shall be excluded. The unit shall be Wh/h.

5.2.8 Rated voltage range

The rated voltage range is the range of voltage values at the POC throughout where the EES
system can remain connected to the grid.

The nominal operating voltage at the POC falls within the lower limit U min and upper limit
U max .

5.2.9 Rated frequency range

The rated frequency range is the range of frequency values at the POC throughout which the
EES system can remain connected to the grid.

The nominal operating frequency at POC is limited by the lower limit f min and upper limit f max.

6 Testing methods and procedures

6.1 General

In Clause 6, the test items and procedures are required to evaluate the performance of EES
system to comply with requirements that relate to safety, reliability, performance, function and
system interconnection.

In the unit parameter test, the test items and procedures are required to measure and to
evaluate the basic characteristic and performance of the EES system. The unit parameter test
is a mandatory test for every EES system.

In the performance test, the test items and procedures are required to measure and to
evaluate the performance of the EES system to provide grid service for each application
classification.

In the system implementation test, the general commissioning test items and procedures are
required to confirm the system conformity, excluding the unit parameter test and the
performance test.

The characteristics and the performance of the whole EES system should be measured and
evaluated at the POC.

If testing the entire EES system is physically not possible in large-scale and complex EES
systems, the testing should be confirmed by the test results carried out on each EES system
module. In this case, test configuration, conditions and procedures shall follow unit parameter
test procedures for each EES system module.

If it is not possible to carry out the actual test with the EES system connected to the grid
because of restrictions related to grid stability issues or power availability, testing with a grid
simulator, at a test facility, or back-to-back method (see Annex C) should be used as a
substitute, based on agreement between the system supplier and user. The use of a grid
simulator should be done only if the simulator has been validated in terms of reproducibility of
the grid characteristics.
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

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6.2 Parameter test

6.2.1 Actual energy capacity test

The actual energy capacity of the EES system shall be tested at rated power under the
standard testing conditions specified in 5.1.3, and at short duration input power if such
parameter is required, at additional power values different from rated power. The energy
capacity shall be evaluated as the product of the rated output power and the output duration
time. Values of output power from the EES system shall be obtained at POC by placing
calibrated power meters at the POC and auxiliary fed points (in case of auxiliaries fed from a
substation according to Figure 3). The test shall be performed as follows and the actual
energy capacity shall be calculated using the formula below, and it will be compared with the
nominal energy capacity.

a) The EES system shall be discharged to its minimum available energy level in accordance
with the system specifications and operating instructions.
b) The EES system shall be charged to its full available energy level at rated input power in
accordance with the system specifications and operating instructions.
c) The EES system shall be discharged at the rated power of the system in accordance with
the system specifications and operating instructions. The system shall be discharged to
the minimum available energy level associated with the system specification and operation
instructions (including the needed rest times between input and output power operation).
The constant output power, output time and energy consumption of the auxiliary
subsystem shall be measured and recorded during output. The actual energy capacity is
calculated as follows:

n
Eo = ∑ POi × ∆t (4)
i =1

where
Eo is the calculated total output energy at the POC (Wh);
P Oi is the active output power at time i, measured at the POC (W);
∆t is the sampling time of the measurement (h);
n is the discharge time (h).

If the auxiliary subsystem is fed from other feeder as shown in Figure 3, actual energy
capacity is calculated by following equation.

n
Eo = ∑ POi × ∆t − Eaux_o (5)
i =1

where
Eo is the calculated total output energy at POC (Wh);
P Oi is the active output power at time i, measured at the POC (W);
∆t is the sampling time of the measurement (h);
E aux_o is the energy consumption of the auxiliary subsystem measured at the auxiliary POC
during the output operation (Wh);
n is the discharge time (h).
NOTE Actual energy capacity at initial stage is more than nominal energy capacity.
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 19 –

6.2.2 Input and output power rating test

6.2.2.1 General

The rated input and output power test of the EES system shall be conducted to confirm that
constant rated power can be input or output to or from the EES system respectively for a
specified duration at the POC. These tests shall be performed using the actual energy
capacity test routine of 6.2.1 as follows and shall be performed in the specific available
energy states as required. A tolerance on all the measurements of input and output power
shall be within ±2 % of the rated power.

6.2.2.2 Active power test

a) Input active power test
It shall be confirmed that the EES system can absorb (or be charged at) constant power
for a specified duration at the POC in accordance with the following procedures. The rated
input active power of the EES system shall be applied as the constant power value in this
test.
1) In step b) of the actual energy capacity test in 6.2.1, the rated power is input to the
EES system.
2) The input power and the charging duration shall be measured.
3) The measured values of the input active power and the charging time duration shall be
compared to the specified unit parameters.
b) Output active power test
It shall be confirmed that the EES system can output constant power for a specified
duration at the POC in accordance with the following procedures. The rated output active
power of the EES system shall be applied as the constant power value in this test.
1) In step c) of the actual energy capacity test in 6.2.1, the rated power is the output
from the EES system at constant power.
2) The output power and the discharge time shall be measured.
3) The measured values of the output power and the discharge time duration shall be
compared to the specified unit parameters.

If time interval between test case a) and b) is needed, it shall be measured and recorded.

6.2.2.3 Reactive power test

If the system has a rated value of reactive power, then the reactive power test shall be
conducted as follows:

• The active power set point of the system shall be set to 0.

• The reactive power set point shall be set to positive rated reactive power and maintained
for 1 min. The reactive power at the POC shall be measured.
• The reactive power set point shall be set to negative rated reactive power and maintained
for 1 min. The reactive power at the POC shall be measured.

6.2.2.4 Apparent power test

If the system has a rated value of reactive power, then the apparent power test shall be
conducted as follows.

Apparent power can be confirmed using the test results of active and reactive power tests at
the POC. The test cases at the rated active power and the rated reactive power can be
treated as typical test cases for the apparent power test. For example, typical testing points
are 1, 2, 3 and 4 in Figure 6.
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 20 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

+Q (var) +Q (var)

2
2

(Capacitive) (Capacitive)
(Capacitive) (Capacitive)
–P (W) 3 1 +P (W) –P (W) 3 1 +P (W)
(Input) (Output) (Input) (Output)
(Inductive) (Inductive) (Inductive) (Inductive)

4
4 Operating zone
Operating zone

–Q (var) IEC –Q (var) IEC

a) b)

Figure 6 – Typical testing points for apparent power

6.2.3 Roundtrip efficiency test

The roundtrip efficiency test shall be conducted to determine the amount of energy output that
the EES system can deliver, relative to the amount of energy input into the EES system during
the preceding charge and discharge under the standard testing conditions specified in 5.1.3.

This test shall be performed using the energy capacity test routine and the cycle performed
shall deliver the total amount of energy at the POC which equals the energy capacity of the
system.

The EES system shall be tested for its roundtrip efficiency following the test procedures a) to
c) presented in 6.2.1. This test shall be performed under the rated input active power and
rated output active power.

The roundtrip efficiency ƞrt shall be determined in accordance with Formulae (1) and (2)
defined in 5.2.3 for N cycles (at least two) based on the data secured from the tests
conducted in accordance with the provisions in 6.2.1, taking into account possible auxiliaries
power consumptions from auxiliary POC during idle/rest times.

The roundtrip efficiency shall be reported as shown in Table 4. Where an additional test is
performed beyond the minimum required two cycles, an additional row shall be added to
Table 4. The average values shall be calculated for each measured value and the roundtrip
efficiency shall be reported based on those average values.

Table 4 – Document format of roundtrip efficiency

E o (Wh) E I (Wh) E aux_I (Wh) E aux_o (Wh) Roundtrip

efficiency ƞ rt (%)
Test 1
Test 2
Average
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 21 –

6.2.4 Expected service life test

As described in 5.2.4, the degradation characteristic due to ageing or the charge and
discharge cycles of the EES system with respect to the energy capacity, the input and output
power during system charging and discharging and the system response time are used as
performance data to estimate the service life of the EES system.

The degradation characteristic depends on complex conditions regarding operation such as

applications, operation temperature/pressure, etc. of the EES system. Therefore, the
expected service life test of EES system is not defined and not standardized, but the end of
service life values described in 5.2.4 for making decision expected service life of EES system
should be specified in the specification.

The system supplier should provide the initial performance data and degradation data to
enable estimation of service life of the EES system as described in 5.2.4 and in this clause.

6.2.5 System response test, step response time and ramp rate

The response time of the EES system shall be measured in accordance with 5.2.5 and the
procedure listed below. The EES system shall absorb or provide the active power according
to the set point which indicates rated input / output power. The set point and the input/output
power at the POC shall be recorded with a data acquisition system at regular intervals of time,
with proper time resolution.

a) The EES system shall be charged or discharged to a 50 % state of available energy.

b) The set point shall be zero. The set point value shall be retained until the output comes to
within (0 ± 2) % of rated input power.
c) The set point shall be changed to rated input power. The set point value shall be retained
until the active power at the POC reaches within 2 % of the range of rated input power.
Step response time and ramp rate for step c) shall be recorded as SRT 1 and RR 1
respectively.
d) The set point shall be changed to zero. The set point value shall be retained until the
active power at the POC reaches within (0 ± 2) % of rated input power. Step response
time and ramp rate of step d) shall be recorded as SRT 2 and RR 2 respectively.
e) The EES system shall be charged or discharged to a 50 % state of available energy or
specified capacity value agreed between the system supplier and user.
f) The set point shall be changed to rated output power. The set point value shall be retained
until the active power at POC reaches within 2 % of the range of rated output power. Step
response time and ramp rate for step f) shall be recorded as SRT 3 and RR 3 respectively.
g) The set point shall be zero. The set point value shall be retained until the active power at
the POC reaches within (0 ± 2) % of rated input power. Step response time and ramp rate
for step g) shall be recorded as SRT 4 and RR 4 respectively.

Figure 7a) shows the procedure described in step b) to step g), step a) is omitted. Figure 7b)
shows step c), Figure 7c) shows step d), Figure 7d) shows step f) and Figure 7e) shows
step g).

As described in 5.2.5 and Figure 7b), ramp rate RR 1 of the EES system is the ratio of the
difference of active power between the value at the time T 2b and at T 1b to the time interval
between the time T 2b and T 1b . Step response time SRT 1 is the time interval between the time
T 3b and T 0b . T 0b is the time when the EES system receives the set point value. T 1b is the time
when the active power at the POC becomes higher than 10 % of rated input power. T 2b is the
time when the active power at the POC becomes higher than 90 % of rated input power. T 3b is
the time when the active power at the POC reaches ± 2 % of the range of rated input power
around the target value.
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

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As described in 5.2.5 and Figure 7c), ramp rate RR 2 of the EES system is the ratio of the
difference of active power between the value at the initial time T 2c and at T 1c to the time
interval between the time T 2c and T 1c . Step response time SRT 2 is the time interval between
the time T 3c and T 0c . T 0c is the time when the EES system receives the set point which
indicates the set point value. T 1c is the time when the active power at the POC becomes lower
than 90 % of rated input power. T 2c is the time when the active power at the POC becomes
lower than 10 % of rated input power. T 3c is the time when the active power at the POC starts
to stay at ±2 % of the range of rated input power around the target value.

As described in 5.2.5 and Figure 7d), ramp rate RR 3 of the EES system is the ratio of the
difference of active power between the value at the initial time T 2d and at T 1d to the time
interval between the time T 2d and T 1d . Step response time SRT 3 is the time interval between
the time T 3d and T 0d . T 0d is the time when the EES system receives the set point which
indicates the set point value. T 1d is the time when the active power at the POC becomes
higher than 10 % of rated output power. T 2d is the time when the active power at the POC
becomes higher than 90 % of rated output power. T 3d is the time when the active power at the
POC starts to stay at ± 2 % of the range of rated output power around the target value.

As described in 5.2.5 and Figure 7e), ramp rate RR 4 of the EES system is the ratio of the
difference of active power between the value at the initial time T 2e and at T 1e to the time
interval between the time T 2e and T 1e . Step response time SRT 4 is the time interval between
the time T 3e and T 0e . T 0e is the time when the EES system receives the set point which
indicates the set point value. T 1e is the time when the active power at the POC becomes lower
than 90 % of rated output power. T 2e is the time when the active power at the POC becomes
lower than 10 % of rated output power. T 3e is the time when the active power at the POC
starts to stay at ± 2 % of the range of rated output power around the target value.
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 23 –

Rated output
power
Set point

0
Time
Rated input
power
RR 3 RR 4
Rated output
RR 1 RR 2
Power at POC

power

Time
Rated input
power
SRT 1 SRT 2 SRT 3 SRT 4
IEC

a)

Power at POC
Power at POC

–2%
0% 0%
10% 2%
RR 1
10% RR 2
90%
98% 90%
100% 100% of
rated input
power
102% of
rated input
T 0b T 1b T 2b T 3b Time T 0c T 1c T 2c T 3c Time
power
SRT 1 SRT 2
IEC IEC

b) c)
Power at POC
Power at POC

102% of 100% of
rated output rated output
power power
100%
98% 90%
RR 4
90% RR 3
10%
10% 2%
0% 0%
-2%

T 0d T 1d T 2d T 3d Time T 0e T 1e T 2e T 3e Time
SRT 3 SRT 4
IEC IEC

d) e)

Figure 7 – System response test

The acquisition rate of data shall be at least twice as fast as the full rated power divided by
the ramp rate of the system.

In the system response test shown in Figure 7a), four step response times (SRT 1 , SRT 2 , SRT 3 ,
SRT 4 ) and four ramp rates (RR 1 , RR 2 , RR 3 , RR 4 ) shall be recorded. For grid stability
applications, T 0b , T 0c , T 0d and T 0e , shall consider the extra time between the time when the
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

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grid parameter occurs (frequency, voltage) and the time when the set point is sent from the
control system of the EES system.

These tests shall be repeated more than two times.

6.2.6 Auxiliary power consumption test

The auxiliary power consumption test shall be measured and estimated in the state connected
to the POC in the standard testing conditions specified in 5.1.3 for the following
operation conditions:

a) stand-by state(keep the power conversion subsystem active power at 0 W and reactive
power at 0 var),
b) rated output active power,
c) rated input active power,
d) rated injected reactive power (if the system has a rated value of reactive power),
e) rated absorbed reactive power (if the system has a rated value of reactive power).

In case the auxiliary subsystem is fed from the POC (Figure 2), auxiliary power consumption
shall be measured at the point of supply of the auxiliary subsystem.

In case the auxiliary subsystem is fed from the auxiliary POC (Figure 3), the auxiliary power
consumption shall be measured as input power at the auxiliary POC.

Before measurement, the EES system shall be charged or discharged to a 50 % state of

available energy capacity or specified energy capacity value agreed between the system
supplier and user.

The measures of power consumption for cases a) to e) shall be recorded as an independent

parameter.

A tolerance of input and output power shall be within ± 2 % of the rated power.

6.2.7 Self-discharge of EES system test

Self-discharge of EES system shall be tested in accordance with the following procedures.

a) The EES system shall be charged/discharged to 100 % of rated energy capacity or

specified energy capacity value as agreed between the system supplier and user.
b) The power conversion subsystem in the EES system shall be shut down and kept at a
stopped state for the measurement time of self-discharging for the EES system. The
measurement time of self-discharging for the EES system should be chosen from one of
one hour, one day or one week and this time value shall be specified in reporting the
results.
c) After the measurement time of self-discharging for the EES system, the EES system shall
be charged to the initial energy capacity level, and input energy shall be measured at the
POC. This input energy at POC minus the auxiliary power consumption during that time is
self-discharge energy consumption.
d) If the EES system has a monitoring means for available energy, the difference in available
energy before and after procedure b) may be self-discharge energy consumption instead
of procedure c).
e) The self-discharge of EES system shall be evaluated by the value of the self-discharge
energy consumption, measured by procedure c) or d), divided by the self-discharge
measurement time,

If the user requests the specified environmental conditions under which the self-discharge
rate of the EES system is maximum, the system supplier shall provide this information.
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 25 –

6.2.8 Rated voltage and frequency range test

Rated voltage and frequency range test shall be conducted in accordance with the following
procedures. A tolerance on all the measurements of input and output power shall be within
± 2 % of the rated power.

The following test cases shall be carried out for the verification of the stable operation of the
EES system. During the test, the frequency, the voltage and the active power shall be
recorded at the POC.

a) Test case 1: U = U min , f = f min with constant rated active power output
1) The EES system shall be charged or discharged to 50 % of full available energy level
or specified energy capacity value agreed between system supplier and user.
2) Voltage at the POC shall be set to U min and frequency at the POC shall be set to f min .
3) It shall be confirmed that the EES system can output rated active power for 5 min or a
specified duration agreed between system supplier and user at the POC.
b) Test case 2: U = U max , f = f max with constant rated active power output
1) The EES system shall be charged or discharged to 50 % of full available energy level
or specified energy capacity value agreed between system supplier and user.
2) Voltage at the POC shall be set to U max and frequency at the POC shall be set to f max .
3) It shall be confirmed that the EES system can output rated active power for 5 min or a
specified duration agreed between system supplier and user at the POC.
c) Test case 3: U = U min , f = f min with constant rated active power input
1) The EES system shall be charged or discharged to 50 % of full available energy level
or specified energy capacity value agreed between system supplier and user.
2) Voltage at the POC shall be set to U min and frequency at the POC shall be set to f min .
3) It shall be confirmed that the EES system can input rated active power for 5 min or a
specified duration agreed between system supplier and user at the POC.
d) Test case 4: U = U max , f = f max with constant rated active power input
1) The EES system shall be charged or discharged to 50 % of full available energy level
or specified energy capacity value agreed between system supplier and user.
2) Voltage at the POC shall be set to U max and frequency at the POC shall be set to f max .
3) It shall be confirmed that the EES system can input rated active power for 5 min or a
specified duration agreed between system supplier and user at POC.

If it is impossible to carry out the actual test with the EES system connected to the grid,
because of the restriction by grid stability issues or power availability, one of the following
testing or evaluation methods instead of testing at POC shall be applied:

• testing with grid simulator;

• testing and evaluation of an EES system module;
• evaluation by test data of each component or EES system module.

6.3 Performance test

6.3.1 General

In 6.3, performance testing methods are defined based on the applications.

The performance test items that are required for each class are shown in Table 5. If the EES
system has implemented the functionality of multiple application classes, all the tests
corresponding to each application class shall be performed.
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 26 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

Table 5 – Performance test items

Performance test Class A Class B Class C Note

Duty cycle roundtrip efficiency applicable applicable

Fluctuation reduction applicable

Black start output voltage applicable

6.3.2 Performance test for class A applications

6.3.2.1 General

The performance of class A application (the frequency regulation, the fluctuation reduction
and the voltage regulation) shall be tested in accordance with the duty cycle roundtrip
efficiency test and the fluctuation reduction test as the performance test of EES system.

6.3.2.2 Duty cycle roundtrip efficiency test

The duty cycle of the class A application is defined as less than 1 h/cycle. The user shall
indicate the applicable duty cycle for the roundtrip efficiency test and the test shall be subject
to agreement between the user and system supplier.

Duty cycle roundtrip efficiency of the EES system shall be tested in accordance with following
procedures.

a) The EES system shall be set to the initial desired available energy in accordance with the
applicable duty cycle.
b) The EES system shall be subjected to the applicable duty cycle.
c) At the end of cycle, the EES system shall be returned to the initial available energy.
NOTE An example of the duty cycle is shown in Annex A.

6.3.2.3 Fluctuation reduction test

For class A applications, the EES system should have a function aiming at reducing the power
fluctuation that is caused by renewable energy generations such as photovoltaic and wind
turbine. The EES system can reduce the interference of the fluctuation to the grid with its
charging and discharging operations. The performance of fluctuation reduction shall be tested
with a fluctuating generation system or simulated signals of the power generated by the
fluctuating system. The fluctuating power profile shall be agreed between system supplier and
user.

NOTE An example of the fluctuation test is shown in Annex B.

6.3.3 Performance test for class B applications

6.3.3.1 General

The performance of class B application shall be tested in accordance with the duty cycle
roundtrip efficiency test.

6.3.3.2 Duty cycle roundtrip efficiency test

The duty cycle of the class B application is defined as greater than 1 h/cycle. Typically, this
duty cycle period will last 24 h. The user shall indicate the applicable duty cycle for the
roundtrip efficiency test, and the test shall be subjected to agreement between the user and
system supplier.
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 27 –

Duty cycle roundtrip efficiency of the EES system shall be tested in accordance with the
following procedures.

a) The EES system shall be set to the initial desired available energy in accordance with the
applicable duty cycle.
b) The EES system shall be subjected to the applicable duty cycle.
c) At the end of cycle, the EES system shall be returned to the initial available energy.
NOTE An example of the duty is shown in Annex A.

6.3.4 Performance test for Class C applications

6.3.4.1 General

The application of class C (back-up power) shall be performed in accordance with the black
start output voltage, which supply the power during outage, as the performance test of the
EES system.

6.3.4.2 Black start output voltage

The EES system shall have a black start output voltage test performed in accordance with the
procedure listed below.

a) The power conversion subsystem shall be connected electrically to the POC, which is
externally connected to the specified test load. The POC shall not be energized by any
other power supply. No external auxiliary power source is allowed to feed the system in
this test.
b) The signal, which indicates the start of the black start, shall be input to the EES system.
c) The entire voltage envelope of the POC during transition to the steady state shall be
recorded to determine the tolerance band of the steady state voltage. The system provider
and user should specify the recording interval.

6.4 System implementation test

6.4.1 Visual inspection

The inspections are required with reference to the whole EES system involving the facilities of
the EES system, the electrical equipment, and the electrical power connections in substations
and electrical rooms.

Inspections should be carried out before energizing the EES system.

The following items should be included in the inspections:

• installation of cover for live, hot and cold parts, and the adequate distance from the person;
• installation of fence, wall, locking system of doors and access panels, and notice
indicating restricted access area;
• installation of ventilation system (when the system is present);
• installation of firefighting system (when the system is present);
• measures for earthquake (prevention of damage, when the measures are present);
• measures for lightning (when the measures are present).

6.4.2 Continuity and validity of conductors

The continuity of conductors shall be verified through visual inspection, continuity test, and
insulation resistance test in accordance to IEC 60364 or IEC 61936. The test should include
power, control and monitoring lines and protective conductors.
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 28 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

For electrical connections, the compliance of labels (cables, terminal blocks, and connectors)
with drawings and design documents should also be checked.

On three-phase systems, the phase sequence of both areas of the EES system and grid
should be confirmed.

6.4.3 Earthing test

The earthing arrangement of EES system should be verified. The following elements should
be checked:

• earthing arrangement of the EES system installed according to design and applicable
standards;
• bonding connections and connection to terminals of the main existing earthing busbar, if
applicable;
• proper connection of the earthing busbar to the local earthing busbar;
• individual earthing connection of main equipment to the earthing busbar;
• connection of earthing cables to structures via proper connectors to prevent corrosion
from dissimilar metals.

For low-voltage EES systems, the earthing test shall be performed according to IEC 60364-6.

For EES systems exceeding 1 kV AC or 1,5 kV DC, the earthing test shall be performed
according to IEC 61936-1.

6.4.4 Insulation test

For low-voltage EES systems, the insulation resistance test and withstand voltage test shall
be performed according to IEC 60364-6.

For EES systems exceeding 1 kV AC or 1,5 kV DC, the withstand voltage test shall be
performed according to IEC 61936-1.

6.4.5 Protective and switching device test

The characteristics and/or the effectiveness of protective and switching (e.g., circuit breaker or
contactor) devices shall be verified.

• Protective and switching devices installed according to design should be checked by

visual inspection.
• The main switching devices should correctly operate with a contact position indicator by
an operation involving manual closing and opening.
• Relay setting should be checked by visual inspection and/or test.
• Related protective devices, switching devices, fault indicators, and alarm notification
systems should operate correctly by providing a simulated analogue input to relays or
sensors, or forcing operation of relays or sensors for EES systems, modules, related
devices and each protection system.

6.4.6 Equipment and basic function test

6.4.6.1 Starting and stopping test

It should be confirmed that the EES system correctly starts and stops the input and output
power operation with the startup/shutdown command manually and automatically.
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 29 –

6.4.6.2 Load tripping test

It should be confirmed that the EES system safely transitions to a stop state or stand-by state
when the circuit breaker, which is interconnected to the electric power system, is opened
during both output and input operations at rated or specified power agreed between the
system supplier and user. Additionally, operation and indication of the circuit breaker and the
EES system, as well as the voltage rising value at the EES system output should be
confirmed.

If it is not possible to test the whole EES system on site, it is acceptable to test the EES
system module by disconnecting the EES system module.

6.4.6.3 Operating cycle test (input and output power operating test)

It should be confirmed that abnormalities of rise in temperature, noise level and vibration do
not occur in the EES system during rated input and output power operation.

If it is not possible to test the whole EES system on site, it is acceptable to test the EES
system module by operating at rated input and output power of the EES system module.

6.4.6.4 Measurement, control and monitoring system test and communication test

It should be checked that the polarity and setting of the measuring equipment are correct, that
the measuring equipment is in accordance with the specifications, and that the degree of
accuracy of the measurements performed with this equipment is sufficient.

It should be verified that measuring, alarm, fault indication, message and control and
monitoring system operations are correct and in accordance with the specifications.

Signals sent from a remote point should be compared to locally displayed values to confirm
that the information from the transmission side is correctly received by the receiving side, and
that the system operates correctly. It should be confirmed that the system detects abnormality
and operates appropriately during failure of transmission or loss of power of the
communication equipment.

6.4.7 Grid connection compatibility test

6.4.7.1 Measurement of harmonic currents

This test should be conducted at the factory or on site if required by grid code or local
regulation.

A time series of three-phase instantaneous current measurements should be collected for

each operation condition, which are at the rated input active power, 0 % and the rated output
active power of the EES system. The requirements related to the measurement are according
to IEC 61000-4-7. The individual harmonic current components for frequencies up to 40 times
the fundamental grid frequency and the total harmonic current distortion should be calculated
in each operation condition of the EES system and should be reported.

The voltage harmonics during the test should be measured at the POC and the total harmonic
distortion of the voltage should be reported.

6.4.7.2 Verification test to temporary voltage drop

If the system has a support function for temporary voltage drop, then this test shall be
conducted as follows.

The purpose of this test is to verify that the EES system is able to correctly deal with the
transient voltage drop and to overcome it while maintaining connection to the grid without
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 30 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

damage, and restart the delivery of active and reactive power, within a defined time limit from
the restoration of the voltage according to temporary voltage drop characteristics (V and t
characteristic curve).

One of the following testing or evaluation methods shall be applied:

a) testing according to IEC 61400-21;

b) testing with grid simulator;
c) testing and evaluation by EES system module;
d) evaluation by type test data of each component or EES system module.

Grid codes or local regulations on low voltage ride through characteristic should be used as
temporary voltage drop characteristics.

6.4.8 Available energy test

The EES system should have means or devices to measure available energy. Available
energy is defined as energy that can be output at the POC by operating at the rated output
power from the current state. Full available energy is equal to nominal energy capacity, and
the state of the lower limit at which the EES system can be discharged to output the available
energy is defined as the minimum available energy level. The unit of available energy should
be Wh.

Available energy shall be tested in accordance with the following procedure under the
standard testing conditions specified in 5.1.3.

a) The EES system shall be charged to the full available energy level.
b) The EES system shall be discharged at the rated power. It should be confirmed that the
continuous discharging is available at the minimum available energy level. Discharged
energy should be measured with calibrated instruments, and it should be confirmed that
the measured value matches with the estimated available energy of the system.
c) The EES system shall be charged to other available energy levels, such as 25 %, 50 %, or
75 % of the full available energy level, in the case of a system in which the measurement
accuracy in the intermediate SOC region is important in the operation of the EES system.
d) The EES system shall be discharged at the rated power. It should be confirmed that the
continuous discharging is available at the minimum available energy level. Discharged
energy should be measured with calibrated instruments, and it should be confirmed that
the measured value matches with the anticipated available energy of the system.
e) If the available energy is measured more than once, the above steps a) to d) shall be
repeated.

6.4.9 EMC immunity test

This test should be conducted if required by grid code or local regulation.

In an EMC environment, the immunity levels will be demonstrated based on IEC 61000-6-
1:2016, IEC 61000-6-2:2016, and IEC 61000-6-5:2015.
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 31 –

Annex A
(informative)

Duty cycle for efficiency test

A.1 General

Annex A shows examples of duty cycle patterns for Class A and Class B applications.

A.2 Class A application duty cycle

A.2.1 General

The duty cycle presented in Clause A.2 is used in the determination of the performance of the
EES system intended for a class A application and uses normalized power with respect to the
rated power of the EES system over a 24-h time period.

A.2.2 Duty cycle

The user should indicate the applicable duty cycle shown in Figure A.1 and as defined by
agreement between the user and the system supplier.

NOTE The raw data upon which Figure A.1 is based are included in PNNL-22010.

Example frequency regulation duty cycle

0,5
Normalized signal

–0,5

–1
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (h)
Average signal
Aggressive signal IEC

NOTE Source for Figure A.1: PNNL-22010.

Figure A.1 – Class A application duty cycle

 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 32 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

A.3 Class B application duty cycles

A.3.1 General

The duty cycles presented in Clause A.3 is used in the determination of the performance of
the EES system intended for a class B application, and uses normalized power levels to allow
the duty-cycle profile to be applied in the same way to different technologies regardless of
system size, type, age, and condition.

A.3.2 Duty cycle

The user should indicate the applicable duty cycle as shown in Figure A.2 and as defined by
agreement between the user and the system supplier.

Peak shaving duty cycle A

Discharge/Charge

6-hour discharge
Charge window

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Peak shaving duty cycle B

Discharge/Charge

4-hour discharge
Charge window

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Peak shaving duty cycle C

Discharge/Charge

2-hour discharge
Charge window

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Time (hours from start of test)
IEC

NOTE Source for Figure A.2: PNNL-22010.

Figure A.2 – Class B application duty cycles

BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 33 –

Annex B
(informative)

Fluctuation reduction test

B.1 General

When a renewable energy power plant is connected to a grid, especially photovoltaic and
wind turbine, the EES system is needed to reduce the interference of the output power
fluctuation of the plant. The EES system can reduce the power fluctuation of the plant with its
power input and output operations. The fluctuation reduction test evaluates the effectiveness
of dispatch commands to the EES system, where the dispatch commands request the EES
system to input or output power to minimize the fluctuations of total output power.

B.2 Fluctuation reduction test

The fluctuation reduction test is done in accordance with the following procedure:

a) The EES system is connected to the power grid and is set to be in the fluctuation
reduction mode (or set to provide the fluctuation stabilizing function).
b) The renewable energy generator delivers a fluctuating power output to the power grid. The
active power set point of the renewable energy system output P R and the active power set
point of the total output power P G shall be recorded during a specified regular interval of
time.

The user sets a proper interval Δt. As shown in Figure B.1, the power deviation ΔP is
calculated with the recorded total output power P G as follows:

ΔP(t) = P G (t+Δt) – P G (t)

The quality of fluctuation reduction can be reported on a distribution of ΔP, as shown in

Figure B.2.

Total output power P G

DC/AC POC
P
RES output
P
power P R

EES
ΔP
Power

Auxiliary
equipment
PG
Renewable energy
generator
EES system
PR
Renewable energy
system Δt Time
IEC

Figure B.1 – Power stabilization test

 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 34 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

Distribution
0 δP
IEC

Figure B.2 – Report of stabilization test

BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 35 –

Annex C
(informative)

Back-to-back test method for EES system

C.1 Back-to-back test without grid interconnection

If the generation of arbitrary voltage and frequency is not possible, the back-to-back test
without grid interconnection can be performed by agreement between the system supplier and
user. The test facility and the test subject of the EES system (EESS) module are connected to
the AC bus, and independent from the grid (or external power source). The test facility should
have the capability to be a voltage and frequency source that can charge and discharge for
example, the EESS module as illustrated in Figure C.1 and the AC/DC/AC converter as
illustrated in Figure C.2. The capacity of the test facility should be selected so that it can
maintain the voltage and frequency to the test conditions, while the test subject of the EESS
module is charging or discharging (or absorbing or sourcing reactive power). The POC is set
to the AC bus between the test facility and the test subject of the EESS module. The test
facility should be started in the voltage and frequency source mode, and the voltage and
frequency should be maintained or controlled according to the test conditions. If the grid (or
the external power source) is present, the test facility can be supplied from the grid (or the
external power source) with the energy which corresponds to the test facility power loss
between the charge and discharge process. However, in the case of Figure C.1, while the test
facility is supplied with energy from the grid (or the external power source), the power flow at
the POC should be controlled to zero, or the circuit breaker (CB) at the test subject of the
EESS module should be open, because the energy is not supplied to the test subject EESS
module.

POC
Grid or
external power source
AC Bus
Connection Connection
terminal terminal

Power Power
conversion conversion
subsystem subsystem

Accumulation Accumulation
subsystem subsystem

Test facility
Test subject of (EESS module type)
EESS module
IEC

Figure C.1 – Back-to-back test configuration (EESS module type)

 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 36 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

POC
AC/DC/AC Grid or
converter external power source
AC Bus
Connection
terminal Test facility
(AC/DC/AC converter type)
Power
conversion
subsystem

Accumulation
subsystem

Test subject of
EESS module

IEC

Figure C.2 – Back-to-back test configuration (AC/DC/AC converter type)

C.2 Back-to-back test with grid interconnection

If the grid stability or short-circuit capacity is insufficient, the back-to-back test with grid
interconnection can be performed by agreement between the system supplier and user. The
test facility and the test subject of the EESS module are connected to the AC bus, and
interconnected to the grid (or external power source). The test facility should be the current
source that can charge and discharge, for example, the EESS module as illustrated in Figure
C.3. The capacity of the test facility should be selected so that it can cancel the charge and
discharge (or reactive power input and output) of the test subject of the EESS module, and
reduce the impact on the grid (or the external power source). The POC is set to the AC bus
between the test facility and the test subject of the EESS module. The test facility should be
started in the current source mode, and it should be controlled to cancel the charge and
discharge (or reactive power input and output) of the test subject of the EESS module. The
test facility can be supplied from the grid (or the external power source) with the energy which
corresponds to the test facility power loss between the charge and discharge process.

POC
Grid or
external power source
AC Bus
Connection Connection
terminal terminal

Power Power
conversion conversion
subsystem subsystem

Accumulation Accumulation
subsystem subsystem

Test subject of Test facility

EESS module (EESS module type)

IEC

Figure C.3 – Back-to-back test configuration (EESS module type)

BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 37 –

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IEC 62620, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –
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_____________
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 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 38 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

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IEC 60947-4-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 4-1: Electromechanical

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power distribution in public networks

IEC 61439-6, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies – Part 6: Busbar trunking
systems (busways)
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 39 –

IEC TS 61439-7, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies – Part 7: Assemblies for
specific applications such as marinas, camping sites, market squares, electric vehicles
charging stations

The following documents provide additional information regarding HV switchgears and control
gear.

IEC 62271-1, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: Common specifications for
alternating current switchgear and controlgear

IEC 62271-100, High-voltage switchgear and control gear – Part 100: Alternating current
circuit-breakers

IEC 62271-102, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 102: Alternating current
disconnectors and earthing switches

IEC 62271-103, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 103: Switches for rated
voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV

IEC 62271-105, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 105: Alternating current
switch-fuse combinations for rated voltages above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV

IEC 62271-200, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 200: AC metal-enclosed

switchgear and control gear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV

IEC 62271-202, High-voltage switchgear and control gear – Part 202: High-voltage/low-
voltage prefabricated substation

The following documents provide additional information regarding transformers.

IEC 60076-1, Power transformers – Part 1: General

IEC 60076-2, Power transformers – Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers

IEC 60076-3, Power transformers – Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external
clearances in air

IEC 60076-5, Power transformers – Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit

IEC 60076-8, Power transformers – Part 8: Application guide

IEC 60076-10, Power transformers – Part 10: Determination of sound levels

IEC 60076-11, Power transformers – Part 11: Dry-type transformers

IEC 60076-13, Power transformers – Part 13: Self-protected liquid-filled transformers

IEC 61558-1, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

EN 50541-1, Three phase dry-type distribution transformers 50 Hz, from 100 kVA to 3 150
kVA, with highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 36 kV – Part 1: General requirements
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 40 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

The following documents provide additional information regarding cable and connectors.

IEC 60287-1-1, Electric cables – Calculation of the current rating – Part 1-1: Current rating
equations (100 % load factor) and calculation of losses – General

EN 50521, Connectors for photovoltaic systems – Safety requirements and tests

EN 50618, Electric cables for photovoltaic systems

UL 854, Standard for Service-Entrance Cables

UL 4703, Outline of Investigation for Photovoltaic Wire

The following documents provide additional information regarding electrical installation.

IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages

IEC 60071-1, Insulation co-ordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules

IEC 60364-1, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 1: Fundamental principles,

assessment of general characteristics, definitions

IEC 60364-4-41, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-41: Protection for safety –
Protection against electric shock

IEC 60364-4-42, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-42: Protection for safety –
Protection against thermal effects

IEC 60364-4-43, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-43: Protection for safety –
Protection against overcurrent

IEC 60364-4-44, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-44: Protection for safety –
Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances

IEC 60364-5-52, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 5-52: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment – Wiring systems

IEC 60364-5-53, Electrical installations of buildings – Part 5-53: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment – Isolation, switching and control

IEC 60364-5-54, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 5-54: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment – Earthing arrangements and protective conductors

IEC 60364-7-712, Electrical installations of buildings – Part 7-712: Requirements for special
installations or locations – Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems

IEC 62103, Electronic equipment for use in power installations (not exceeding 1 000 V a.c. or
1 500 V d.c.)

IEC 62305-1, Protection against lightning – Part 1: General principles

IEC 62305-2, Protection against lightning – Part 2: Risk management

IEC 62305-3, Protection against lightning – Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life
hazard
BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017 – 41 –

IEC 62305-4, Protection against lightning – Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems within
structures

IEC 62446-1, Photovoltaic (PV) systems – Requirements for testing, documentation and
maintenance – Part 1: Grid connected systems – Documentation, commissioning tests and
inspection

IEC TS 62446-3, Photovoltaic (PV) systems – Requirements for testing, documentation and
maintenance - Part 3: Photovoltaic modules and plants – Outdoor infrared thermography

The following documents provide additional information regarding grid connection.

CLC/TS 50549-1, Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with

distribution networks – Part 1: Connection to a LV distribution network above 16 A

CLC/TS 50549-2, Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with

distribution networks – Part 2: Connection to a MV distribution network

EN 50160, Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity networks

EN 50438, Requirements for the connection of micro-generators in parallel with public low-
voltage distribution networks

EN 61727, Photovoltaic (PV) systems – Characteristics of the utility interface

IEEE P2030.1, Guide for Electric-Sourced Transportation Infrastructure

IEEE P2030.2, Draft Guide for the Interoperability of Energy Storage Systems Integrated with
the Electric Power Infrastructure

IEEE P2030.3, Standard for Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and
Systems for Electric Power Systems Applications

The following documents provide additional information regarding acoustic/Noise Level

Measurement.

IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics – Sound level meters – Part 1: Specifications

IEC 61672-2, Electroacoustics – Sound level meters – Part 2: Pattern evaluation tests

The following documents provide additional information regarding EMC (Electromagnetic

Compatibility).

IEC 61000-2-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2-2: Environment – Compatibility

levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling in public low-voltage power
supply systems

IEC 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic
current emissions (equipment input current ≤16 A per phase)

IEC 61000-3-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-3: Limits – Limitation of voltage
changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment
with rated current ≤16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection
 BS EN IEC 62933-2-1:2018

– 42 – IEC 62933-2-1:2017 © IEC 2017

IEC TR 61000-3-6, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-6: Limits – Assessment of

emission limits for the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV power
systems

IEC TR 61000-3-7, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-7: Limits – Assessment of

emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV power
systems

IEC 61000-3-11, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-11: Limits – Limitation of

voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems –
Equipment with rated current ≤ 75 A and subject to conditional connection

IEC 61000-3-12, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-12: Limits – Limits for
harmonic currents produced by equipment connected to public low-voltage systems with input
current >16 A and ≤ 75 A per phase

IEC TR 61000-3-13, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-13: Limits – Assessment of

emission limits for the connection of unbalanced installations to MV, HV and EHV power
systems

IEC TR 61000-3-14, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-14: Assessment of

emission limits for harmonics, interharmonics, voltage fluctuations and unbalance for the
connection of disturbing installations to LV power systems

IEC 61000-6-1, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-1: Generic standards –

Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments

IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic standards –

Immunity for industrial environments

IEC 61000-6-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-3: Generic standards –

Emission standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments

IEC 61000-6-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-5: Generic standards –

Immunity for equipment used in power station and substation environment

____________
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