PROVINCIAL ASSESSMENT

GRADE 11

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2

NOVEMBER 2024

MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 150

These marking guidelines consist of 10 pages.

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Agricultural Sciences/P2 2 NW/November 2024
Grade 11  Marking Guidelines

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1 B 
1.1.2 A 
1.1.3 C 
1.1.4 D 
1.1.5 D 
1.1.6 B 
1.1.7 C 
1.1.8 A 
1.1.9 B 
1.1.10 D  (10 x 2) (20)

1.2 1.2.1 E 
1.2.2 A 
1.2.3 H 
1.2.4 J 
1.2.5 B  (5 x 2) (10)

1.3 1.3.1 Phloem 

1.3.2 Parthenocarpy 
1.3.3 Drainage 
1.3.4 Monoculture 
1.3.5 Greenhouse  (5 x 2) (10)

1.4 1.4.1 Organic fertiliser 

1.4.2 Selection 
1.4.3 Crop rotation 
1.4.4 Irrigation 
1.4.5 Tensiometer  (5 x 1) (5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

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Grade 11  Marking Guidelines

SECTION B

QUESTION 2: PLANT NUTRITION

2.1 Water and Nutrients

2.1.1 Identify the process

Transpiration  (1)

2.1.2 TWO adaptations of plants to reduce water loss

 In broad-leaved plants most of the stomata are on the underside of
the leaves 
 The stomata are surrounded by two guard cells 
 Shiny leaves to reflect heat waves 
 Layer of plant hairs on the leaves 
 Surface of leaves covered by a waxy layer 
 Plants adapt their growth season 
 Plants roll up their leaves 
 Plants have small leaves 
 Plants have light grey leaf covering 
 Plants only produce leaves in the rainy season 
 Succulents store water in their stems and leaves become needles 
 Stomata are sunken 
 Thickened leaves (succulents)  (Any 2) (2)

2.1.3 TWO reasons why the process is essential for plant growth
 Assists with the absorption of water 
 Assists with the absorption of mineral salts 
 Helps balance the water content in the plant  (Any 2) (2)

2.2 Mineral nutrition

2.2.1 Recommend the fertiliser bag for better yield of leaf crops (1)
Bag A 

2.2.2 Justify with TWO reasons

 The proportion/percentage of nitrogen in Bag A (8) is greater than the
proportion of nitrogen in Bag B (1). 
 Leafy vegetables require more nitrogen for vegetative growth.  (2)

2.2.3 Purpose of the number (30)

The figure 30 indicates the percentage mass of the fertiliser  that contains
the elements. 
OR
30 indicates the total amount of nutrients  in 100 kg of the
mixture. 
OR
30 indicates that the fertiliser contains a 30% mixture  of N.P.K.  (2)

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Grade 11  Marking Guidelines

2.3 Nutrients - Storage organs

2.3.1 THREE parts of a plant modified as a storage organ

 Stems 
 Roots 
 Leaves 
 Seeds 
 Fruit  (Any 3) (3)

2.3.2 ONE chemical process

Photosynthesis  (1)

2.3.3 TWO requirements for photosynthesis

 CO2 
 Sunlight 
 Water  (Any 2) (2)

2.3.4 ONE product that is stored in plants

 Starch 
 Sugar / Glucose 
 Lipids/fats 
 Proteins  (Any 1) (1)

2.4 Plant minerals

2.4.1 Supply labels

A – Phosphorus 
B – Potassium 
C – Micro 
D – Leaf chlorosis  (4)

2.4.2 TWO methods to determine nutrient status

 Soil analysis 
 Plant/leaf analysis  (2)

2.4.3 TWO factors that influence availability

 Soil texture 
 Soil pH  (2)

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2.5 Rate of photosynthesis

2.5.1 Graph to determine the effect of light intensity on the rate of

photosynthesis

The effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis

determined by the number of O2 bubbles produced
60
Number of O2 bubbles

50

40

30

20

10

0
10 15 20 25 30 35
Light Intensity (cd)

CRITERIA/RUBRIC/MARKING GUIDELINES
 Correct heading (C) 
 Bar graph (T) 
 Correct units (cd) (U) 
 X-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Light Intensity) (X) 
 Y-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Number of O2 bubbles)
(Y) 
 Accuracy (80% + correct plotting) (P)  (6)

2.5.2 Trend of how number of bubbles is affected by light intensity

As the light intensity increases  the number of O2 bubbles also
increase  (2)

2.5.3 TWO methods to manipulate plants as to increase rate of

photosynthesis
 Trellising 
 Pruning 
 Spacing 
 Greenhouses  (Any 2) (2)
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Grade 11  Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION

3.1 Sexual reproduction

3.1.1 Letter of the Male organ of a flower

C (1)

3.1.2 Letter of the Modified floral leaves which form the pistil
A
(1)

3.1.3 Letter of the part of the pistil that produces egg cells
B (1)

3.1.4 Letter of the tube connecting the stigma to the ovary

D (1)

3.1.5 Dicotyledonous flowers

Flowers that produce seed (embryos)  with two cotyledons (seed
lobes)  (2)

3.2 Seed germination

3.2.1 Provide the LETTER and NAME

a) C  Stigma 
b) A  Pistal 
c) B  Ovary  (6)

3.2.2 Cell division that forms male gametes

Mitosis 
(1)

3.3 Types of seed germination

3.3.1 Identify the types of seed germination

A – Dicotyledonous 
B – Monocotyledonous  (2)

3.3.2 THREE environmental conditions for seed germination

 Sufficient water 
 Sufficient oxygen 
 Sufficient warmth 
 Sufficient light  (Any 3) (3)

3.3.3 TWO scarification methods

 Mechanical 
 Thermal 
 Chemical 
 Animals  (Any 2) (2)

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3.4 Plant improvement

3.4.1 ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage

Advantage – desired traits develop 
Disadvantage – offspring can be sterile  (2)

3.4.2 THREE desired traits

 Insect or disease resistant 
 Herbicide resistant 
 Drought resistant 
 Higher nutritional value 
 Crop yield increases 
 GM crops stay fresh for longer 
 Safe for human consumption 
 New improved varieties  (Any 3) (3)

3.4.3 The aim of mutation

 Improve crop quality 
 Improve genetic variation and heredity  (2)

3.5 Plant pests/ parasites and diseases

3.5.1 ONE way in which weeds reduce yields

 Smother plants 
 Slow the growth of plants 
 Hosts for pests 
 Use more water 
 Affect soil structure 
 Use nutrients that plants could have used  (Any 1) (1)

3.5.2 TWO reasons why weeds grow more easily than crops
 Grow easily in disturbed/damaged environments 
 Produce large quantities of seeds 
 Seeds last very long 
 Generates many times in single growing season 
 Thrive in extreme environmental conditions 
 No biological enemies  (Any 2) (2)

3.5.3 TWO weed dispersal agents

 Birds 
 Humans 
 Animals 
 Wind 
 Seeds and plants 
 Vegetatively 
 Crops after harvesting  (Any 2) (2)

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3.6 THREE measures to prevent/control the spread of plant disease

 Cultural control 
 Biological control 
 Chemical control 

(3)
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QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION

4.1 Soil surveying

Re-arrange the steps in chronological order

 Aerial photographs of the region are taken and studied 
 Once the aerial photograph has been taken, the survey area is visited 
 The farm or area is divided up into homogenous land and /or veld
types 
 A soil classification of clearly indicated profile test holes is used 
 The soil horizons of the test holes are now described 
 All the information gathered is interpreted to determine the suitability of the
soil  (6)

4.2 Precision farming

4.2.1 THREE ultra-modern technologies

 NICT 
 Geo-location data (GPS) 
 Characterising variability 
 New information and communication technology  (Any 3) (3)

4.2.2 TWO economic benefits

 Reduces the need for nutrient/fertiliser input 
 Higher production output  (2)

4.3 Soil cultivation

4.3.1 THREE aims/effects of Primary soil cultivation

 Aeration 
 Soil moisture 
 Infiltration 
 Temperature 
 Break the soil and dig up the land 
 Nutrient status  (Any 3) (3)

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Grade 11  Marking Guidelines

4.3.2 Differentiate between primary and secondary soil cultivation

Primary soil cultivation
It is the first tillage or cultivation  of the soil in the new season before
planting 
(2)
Secondary soil cultivation
Is to improve the seed bed  by making the soil finer through working
crop residue into the soil and removing weeds 
(2)

4.4 Irrigation systems

4.4.1 Identify the irrigation systems

A – Flood irrigation 
B – Pivot/Sprinkler irrigation 
C – Micro-irrigation 
(3)

4.4.2 TWO conditions for flood irrigation

 Level slope 
 Water that is cheap and plentiful 
 Strong stream of water 
(2)

4.4.3 ONE advantage of pivot/sprinkler irrigation

 Less labour 
 No water loss through seepage 
 Water is measured accurately 
 Use of uneven ground is possible 
 Water applied uniformly  (Any 1) (1)

4.4.4 TWO criteria that determine water quality

 No toxins 
 No pathogenic organisms 
 No high biological content 
 No high salt content  (Any 2) (2)

4.5 Calculate the total moisture content of the loam soil as a percentage.
Show formula and ALL calculations.

% moisture = moisture mass – dry mass x 100 

dry mass
= 150g – 120g x 100 
120g
= 25  %  (4)

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4.6 Aquaculture

4.6.1 Identify the type of farming

Aquaculture  (1)

4.6.2 TWO basic requirements for higher yield

 Temperature 
 Water quality 
 Dissolved oxygen 
 Feed management 
 pH 
 Maintenance 
 Nitrogenous compounds 
 Disease control  (Any 2) (2)

4.6.3 TWO factors that farmers must consider when choosing a fish
species.
 Stock may not be collected from the wild 
 Knowledge of the species 
 Adaptibility in high densities 
 Species that have the ability to produce hybrid species with
indigenous species may not be used 
 Disease and parasitic status of a species 
 Market price and demand 
 Simple larval development 
 Reproduction in detention  (Any 2) (2)
[35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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