Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari

SCHEME OF STUDIES AND EXAMINATION

B.TECH (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING)
SEMESTER 3RD& 4th
Scheme effective from 2019-20

COURSE CODE ANDDEFINITIONS

Course Code Definition
L Lecture s
T Tutorial
P Practical
BSC Basic ScienceCourses
ESC EngineeringScienceCourses
HSMC Humanities and Social Sciences includingManagementcourses
PCC Professional Core Courses
LC Laboratory Courses
MC Mandatory Courses
PT Practical Training
S Seminar
Seminar

Max.Marks-25
Every candidate will have to deliver a seminar of 30 minutes duration on a topic (not from the
syllabus) which will be chosen by him / her in consultation with the teacher of the department.
The seminar will be delivered before the students and teachers of the department. A three
member committee (one coordinator and two teachers of the department of different branches)
duly approved by the departmental council will be constituted to evaluate the seminar. The
following factors will be taken into consideration while evaluating the candidate.
Distribution of marks will be as follows:
1. Presentation 10 marks
2. Depth of the subject matter 10 marks
3. Answers to the questions 05 marks
 Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur,
Rewari
B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
IIIrd semester w.e.f 2019-20

S. Course Course Title Teaching Marks Examination Marks Total Credits Duration of
No. Code Schedule of Marks Examination
L T P Class Theory Practical (in hours)
Work
1. PCC- Electric Circuit 3 1 0 25 75 0 100 4 3
EE-201 Analysis
2. LC- EE- Electric Circuit 0 0 2 25 0 25 50 1 3
203 Analysis
Laboratory
3. PCC- Analog 3 0 0 25 75 0 100 3 3
EE-205 Electronics
4. LC- EE- Analog 0 0 2 25 0 25 50 1 3
207 Electronics
Laboratory
5. PCC- Electrical 3 1 0 25 75 0 100 4 3
EE-209 Machines-I
6. LC- EE- Electrical 0 0 2 25 0 25 50 1 3
211 Machines-I
Laboratory
7. PCC- Electromagnetic 3 1 0 25 75 0 100 4 3
EE-213 Fields
8. ESC- Engineering 3 1 0 25 75 0 100 4 3
ME-209 Mechanics
(Common with
ME)
9. *MC- Environmental 3 0 1 25 75 0 - 0 3
Science
106
10 Seminar - - - - - - 25 1 -
Total 675 23

*
MC-106 is
a mandatory non –credit course in which the students will be required
passing marks in theory.

3
 Electric Circuit Analysis

Theory : 75
Class Work : 25
Total : 100
Duration of Exam : 3 Hrs.

Course Code PCC-EE-201G

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Electric Circuit Analysis
Scheme L T P
3 1 -

Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question
one will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15
marks each to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt
five questions in total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to;
• Apply network theorems for the analysis of electricalcircuits.
• Obtain the transient and steady-state response of electricalcircuits.
• Analyze circuits in the sinusoidal steady-state (single-phase and three-phase).
• Analyze two port circuitbehavior.

SECTION-A
Network Theorems (AC Circuit)
Superposition theorem, Thevenin theorem, Norton theorem, Maximum power
transfer theorem, Reciprocity theorem, Compensation theorem. Analysis with
dependent current and voltage sources. Node and Mesh Analysis. Concept of
duality and dual networks.
SECTION-B
Solution of First and Second order networks (AC and DC circuits)
Solution of first and second order differential equations for Series and parallel R-L,
R-C, R-L-C circuits, initial and final conditions in network elements, forced and
free response, time constants, steady state and transient state response.

SECTION-C
Sinusoidal steady state analysis
Hurwitz polynomials, positive real functions. Properties of real immittance functions,
Synthesis of LC driving point immittances, Synthesis of RC driving point impedances,
Synthesis of RC impedances or RL admittances, properties of RL impedances and RC
admittances. Three-phase circuits. Mutual coupled circuits, Dot Convention in coupled
circuits.

4
 SECTION-D

Electrical Circuit Analysis Using Laplace Transforms

Review of Laplace Transform, Analysis of electrical circuits using Laplace
Transform for standard inputs, convolution integral, inverse Laplace transform,
transformed network with initial conditions. Transfer function representation. Poles
and Zeros.

Two Port Network and Network Functions

Two Port Networks, terminal pairs, relationship of two port variables, impedance
parameters, admittance parameters, transmission parameters and hybrid parameters,
interconnections of two port networks. Synthesis of Y21 and Z21 with R ohm
terminations Network Tropology and Graph Theory.

Text / Reference Books:

1. M. E. Van Valkenburg, “Network Analysis”, Prentice Hall,2006.
2. D. Roy Choudhury, “Networks and Systems”, New Age International
Publications,1998.
3. W. H. Hayt and J. E. Kemmerly, “Engineering Circuit Analysis”, McGraw Hill
Education, 2013.
4. C. K. Alexander and M. N. O. Sadiku, “Electric Circuits”, McGraw Hill
Education,2004.
5. K. V. V. Murthy and M. S. Kamath, “Basic Circuit Analysis”, Jaico Publishers,1999.

5
 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory

Class Work: 25
Exam : 25
Total : 50

Course Code LC-EE-203G

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Electric Circuit Analysis (Laboratory)
Scheme L T P
- - 2

Notes:
(i) At least 10 experiments are to be performed by students in the semester.
(ii) At least 7 experiments should be performed from the list, remaining three experiments
may either be performed from the above list or designed and set by the concerned
institution as per the scope of the syllabus
(iii) Group of students for practical should be 15 to 20 in number.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Introduction of circuit creation & simulation software like MATLAB etc.
2. Study of Transient response of RC, RL circuit.
3. To find the resonance frequency, Band width of RLC series circuit.
4. To calculate and verify "Z" & “Y” parameters and "ABCD" parameters of a two port
network.
5. To determine equivalent parameter of parallel-series, cascading and parallel connections
of two port network.
6. To calculate and verify Compensation theorem and Tellegen’s theorem.
7. To synthesize a network of a given network function and verify its response.
8. To calculate and verify Maximum power transfer and Reciprocity theorem.
Note: Use appropriate Software or simulation tool for experiments.

Note:
1. Each laboratory group shall not be more than about 20 students.
2. To allow fair opportunity of practical hands on experience to each student, each experiment
may either done by each student individually or in group of not more than 3-4 students.
Larger groups be strictly discouraged/disallowed.

6
 Analog Electronics

Theory : 75
Class Work : 25
Total : 100
Duration of Exam : 3 Hrs.

Course Code PCC-EE-205

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Analog Electronics (Theory)
Scheme L T P
3 - -

Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question
one will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15
marks each to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt
five questions in total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to
• Understand the characteristics oftransistors.
• Design and analyse various rectifier and amplifiercircuits.
• Design sinusoidal and non-sinusoidaloscillators.
• Understand the functioning of OP-AMP and design OP-AMP basedcircuits.

Section-A

P-N junction diode, I-V characteristics of a diode; review of half-wave and full-wave
rectifiers, Zener diodes, clamping and clippingcircuits. Structure and I-V characteristics
of a BJT; BJT as a switch. BJT as an amplifier: small-signal model, biasing circuits,
current mirror; common-emitter, common-base and common-collector amplifiers; Small
signal equivalent circuits, high-frequency equivalent circuits
Section-B

MOSFET structure and I-V characteristics. MOSFET as a switch. MOSFET as an

amplifier: small-signal model and biasingcircuits, common-source, common-gate and
common-drain amplifiers; small signal equivalent circuits - gain, input and output
impedances, trans-conductance, high frequency equivalent circuit.

Section-C

Operational Amplifier: Inverting and non-inverting configurations, difference

amplifier, Effect of finite open loop gain and bandwidth on circuit performance,
Large signal operation of op-amp. Differential Amplifier:MOS differential pair,
small signal operation of the MOS differential pair, BJT differential pair, other non-
ideal characteristic of the Differential amplifier (DA), DA with active load

7
 Feedback: The general feed back structure, properties of negative feed back, the
four basic feed back topologies, the series-shunt feedback amplifier, the series-series
feedback amplifier, the shunt-shunt and shunt series feedback amplifier.

Section-D

Linear applications of op-amp: Idealized analysis of op-amp circuits. Inverting and non-
inverting amplifier, differential amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, integrator, active filter,
P, PI and PID controllers and lead/lag compensator using an op-amp, voltage regulator,
oscillators (Wein bridge and phase shift). Analog to Digital Conversion.
Nonlinear applications of op-amp:Hysteretic Comparator, Zero Crossing Detector, Square-
wave and triangular-wave generators. Precision rectifier, peak detector. Monoshot.

Text/References Book:
1. A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits”, New York, Oxford University
Press,1998.
2. J. V. Wait, L.P. Huelsman andG. A. Korn, “Introduction to Operational
Amplifier theory and applications”, McGraw Hill U. S.,1992.
3. J. Millman and A. Grabel, “Microelectronics”, McGraw Hill Education,1988.
4. P. Horowitz and W. Hill, “The Art of Electronics”, Cambridge University Press,1989.
5. P.R. Gray, R.G. Meyer and S. Lewis, “Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated
Circuits”, John Wiley & Sons,2001.

8
 Analog Electronics Laboratory

Class Work: 25
Exam : 25
Total : 50

Course Code LC-EE-207

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Analog Electronics (Laboratory)
Scheme L T P
- - 2

Notes:
(i) At least 10 experiments are to be performed by students in the semester.
(ii) At least 7 experiments should be performed from the list, remaining three experiments
may either be performed from the above list or designed and set by the concerned
institution as per the scope of the syllabus

(iii) Gruoup of students for practical should be 15 to 20 in number.

List of Experiments
1. To Study the following devices: (a) Analog & digital multimeters (b) Function/ Signal
generators (c) Regulated d. c. power supplies (constant voltage and constant current
operations) (d) Study of analog CRO, measurement of time period, amplitude, frequency &
phase angle using Lissajous figures.
2. To Plot V-I characteristic of P-N junction diode & calculate cut-in voltage, reverse Saturation
current and static & dynamic resistances.
3. To Plot V-I characteristic of zener diode and study of zener diode as voltage regulator.
Observe the effect of load changes and determine load limits of the voltage regulator.
4. To Plot frequency response curve for single stage amplifier and to determine gain bandwidth
product.
5. To Plot drain current - drain voltage and drain current – gate bias characteristics of field effect
transistor and measure of Idss&Vp
6. To Plot gain- frequency characteristic of emitter follower & find out its input and output
resistances.
7. To Plot input and output characteristics of BJT in CB, CC and CE configurations. Find their
h-parameters.
8. To Study half wave rectifier and effect of filters on wave. Also calculate theoretical &
practical ripple factor.
9. To Study bridge rectifier and measure the effect of filter network on D.C. voltage output &
ripple Factor.
10. To plot the characteristics of MOSFET.
11. To determine the following parameters of OP-AMP.a) Input Bias Current. b) Input Offset
Current.
12. c) Input Offset Voltage. d) CMRR

Note:
1. Each laboratory group shall not be more than about 20 students.
2. To allow fair opportunity of practical hands on experience to each student, each experiment
may either done by each student individually or in group of not more than 3-4 students.
Larger groups be strictly discouraged/disallowed.

9
 Electrical Machine-I

Theory : 75
Class Work : 25
Total : 100
Duration of Exam : 3 Hrs.

Course Code PCC-EE-209

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Electrical Machine- I (Theory)
Scheme L T P
3 1 -

Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question
one will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15
marks each to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt
five questions in total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to
• Understand the concepts of magneticcircuits.
• Understand the operation of dcmachines.
• Analyse the differences in operation of different dc machineconfigurations.
• Analyse single phase and three phase transformers circuits.

Section A
Magnetic fields and magnetic circuits
Review of magnetic circuits - MMF, flux, reluctance, inductance; review of Ampere
Law and Biot Savart Law; Visualization of magnetic fields produced by a bar
magnet and a current carrying coil - through air and through a combination of iron
and air; influence of highly permeable materials on the magnetic flux lines.
Electromagnetic force and torque
B-H curve of magnetic materials; flux-linkage vs current characteristic of magnetic
circuits; linear and nonlinear magnetic circuits; energy stored in the magnetic circuit;
force as a partial derivative of stored energy with respect to position of a moving
element; torque as a partial derivative of stored energy with respect to angular
position of a rotating element. Examples - galvanometer coil, relay contact, lifting
magnet, rotating element with eccentricity or saliency

Section B
DC machines
Basic construction of a DC machine, magnetic structure - stator yoke, stator poles,
pole-faces or shoes, air gap and armature core, visualization of magnetic field
produced by the field winding excitation with armature winding open, air gap flux
density distribution, flux per pole, induced EMF in an armature coil. Armature
winding and commutation - Elementary armature coil and commutator, lap and wave
windings, construction of commutator, linear commutation Derivation of back EMF
equation, armature MMF wave, derivation of torque equation, armature reaction, air
gap flux density distribution with armature reaction.

10
 Section C
DC machine - motoring and generation
Armature circuit equation for motoring and generation, Types of field excitations -
separately excited, shunt and series. Open circuit characteristic of separately excited
DC generator, back EMF with armature reaction, voltage build-up in a shunt
generator, critical field resistance and critical speed.V-I characteristics and torque-
speed characteristics of separately excited, shunt and series motors. Speed control
through armature voltage. Losses, load testing and back-to-back testing of DC
machines
Section D
Transformers
Principle, construction and operation of single-phase transformers, equivalent circuit,
phasor diagram, voltage regulation, losses and efficiency Testing - open circuit and
short circuit tests, polarity test, back-to-back test, separation of hysteresis and eddy
current losses Three-phase transformer - construction, types of connection and their
comparative features, Parallel operation of single-phase and three-phase
transformers, Autotransformers - construction, principle, applications and
comparison with two winding transformer, Magnetizing current, effect of nonlinear
B-H curveofmagnetic core material, harmonics in magnetization current, Phase
conversion - Scott connection, three-phase to six-phase conversion, Tap-changing
transformers - No-load and on-load tap-changing of transformers, Three-winding
transformers. Cooling of transformers.

Text / Reference Books:

1. A. E. Fitzgerald and C. Kingsley, "Electric Machinery”, New York, McGraw Hill
Education, 2013.
2. A. E. Clayton and N. N. Hancock, “Performance and design of DC machines”,
CBS Publishers, 2004.
3. M. G. Say, “Performance and design of AC machines”, CBS Publishers,2002.
4. P. S. Bimbhra, “Electrical Machinery”, Khanna Publishers,2011.
5. I. J. Nagrath and D. P. Kothari, “Electric Machines”, McGraw Hill Education,2010.

11
 Electrical Machines-I Laboratory

Class Work: 25
Exam : 25
Total : 50

Course Code LC-EE-211

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Electrical Machines-I (Laboratory)
Scheme L T P
- - 2

Notes:
(i) At least 10 experiments are to be performed by students in the semester.
(ii) At least 7 experiments should be performed from the list, remaining three experiments
may either be performed from the above list or designed and set by the concerned
institution as per the scope of the syllabus.

(iii) Gruoup of students for practical should be 15 to 20 in number.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. To study conversion of 3 Phase to six phase using 3 single phase transformers..
2. To study three phase rectifiers & supply configuration . In 3 phase.
3. To perform Sumpner's Back to back test on 1-phase transformers.
4. To study Parallel operation of two 1-phase transformers.
5. To perform load test on DC shunt generator.
6. To study Speed control of DC shunt motor.
7. To study Swinburne’s test of DC shunt motor.
8. To study Hopkinson’s test of DC shunt M/Cs.
9. To syudy Ward Leonard method of speed control.

Note:
1. Each laboratory group shall not be more than about 20 students.
2. To allow fair opportunity of practical hands on experience to each student, each experiment
may either done by each student individually or in group of not more than 3-4 students.
Larger groups be strictly discouraged/disallowed.

12
 Electromagnetic Fields

Theory : 75
Class Work : 25
Total : 100
Duration of Exam : 3 Hrs.

Course Code PCC-EE-213

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Electromagnetic Fields (Theory)
Scheme L T P
3 1 -

Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question
one will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15
marks each to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt
five questions in total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Understand the basic laws of electromagnetism.
2. Obtain the electric and magnetic fields for simple configurations under static conditions.
3. Analyse time varying electric and magnetic fields.
4. Understand Maxwell’s equation in different forms and different media. To understand the
propagation of EM waves.

SECTION - A
Review of Vector Calculus
Vector algebra-addition, subtraction, components of vectors, scalar and vector multiplications triple
products, three orthogonal coordinate systems (rectangular, cylindrical and spherical). Vector calculus
differentiation, partial differentiation ,integration, vector operator del, gradient ,divergence and Curl;
integral theorems of vectors. Conversion of a vector from one coordinate system to another.

SECTION - B
Static Electric Field
Coulomb’s law, Electric field intensity, Electrical field due to point charges. Line, Surface and
Volume charge distributions. Gauss law and its applications. Absolute Electric potential, Potential
difference, Calculation of potential differences for different configurations. Electric dipole,
Electrostatic Energy and Energy density.
Conductors, Dielectrics and Capacitance
Current and current density, Ohms Law in Point form, Continuity of current, Boundary conditions of
perfect dielectric materials. Permittivity of dielectric materials, Capacitance, Capacitance of a two
wire line, Poisson’s equation, Laplace’s equation, Solution of Laplace and Poisson’s equation,
Application of Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations.
SECTION – C
Static Magnetic Fields
Biot-Savart Law, Ampere Law, Magnetic flux and magnetic flux density, Scalar and Vector Magnetic
potentials. Steady magnetic fields produced by current carrying conductors.
Magnetic Forces, Materials and Inductance

13
Force on a moving charge, Force on a differential current element, Force between differential current
elements, Nature of magnetic materials, Magnetization and permeability, Magnetic boundary
conditions, Magnetic circuits, inductances and mutual inductances.

SECTION – D
Time Varying Fields and Maxwell’s Equations
Faraday’s law for Electromagnetic induction, Displacement current, Point form of Maxwell’s
equation, Integral form of Maxwell’s equations, Motional Electromotive forces. Boundary
Conditions. Electromagnetic Waves
Derivation of Wave Equation, Uniform Plane Waves, Maxwell’s equation in Phasor form, Wave
equation in Phasor form, Plane waves in free space and in a homogenous material. Wave equation for
a conducting medium, Plane waves in lossy dielectrics, Propagation in good conductors, Skin effect.
Poynting theorem.

Text / References Books:

1. M. N. O. Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetics”, Oxford University Publication, 2014.
2. A. Pramanik, “Electromagnetism - Theory and applications”, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, New
Delhi, 2009.
3. A. Pramanik, “Electromagnetism-Problems with solution”, Prentice Hall India, 2012.
4. G. W. Carter, “The electromagnetic field in its engineering aspects”, Longmans, 1954.
5. W. J. Duffin, “Electricity and Magnetism”, McGraw Hill Publication, 1980.
6. W. J. Duffin, “Advanced Electricity and Magnetism”, McGraw Hill, 1968.
7. G. Cullwick, “The Fundamentals of Electromagnetism”, Cambridge UniversityPress, 1966.
8. B. D. Popovic, “Introductory Engineering Electromagnetics”, Addison-Wesley Educational
Publishers, International Edition, 1971.
9. W. Hayt, “Engineering Electromagnetics”, McGraw Hill Education, 2012.

14
 Engineering Mechanics

Theory : 75
Class Work : 25
Total : 100
Duration of Exam : 3 Hrs.

Course Code ESC-ME-209

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Engineering Mechanics (Theory)
Scheme L T P
3 1 -

Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question
one will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15
marks each to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt
five questions in total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.
Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to
1. Understand the concepts of co-ordinate systems.
2. Analyse the three-dimensional motion.
3. Understand the concepts of rigid bodies.
4. Analyse the free-body diagrams of different arrangements. Analyse torsional motion
and bending moment.

UNIT-I
Introduction to vectors and tensors and co-ordinate systems: Introduction to vectors and
tensors and coordinate systems; Vector and tensor algebra; Symmetric and anti-symmetric
tensors; Eigen values and Principal axes.
Three-dimensional Rotation: Three-dimensional rotation: Euler’s theorem, Axis-angle
formulation and Euler angles; Coordinate transformation of vectors and tensors.

UNIT-II
Kinematics of Rigid Body: Concept of rigid body, velocity and acceleration, relative
velocity, translation and rotation of rigid bodies, equations of motion for translation and
rotation, problem. Centroid, Centre of mass and Centre of gravity, Determination of centroid,
centre of mass and centre of gravity by integration method of regular and composite figures
and solid objects, Problems.

Kinetics of Rigid Bodies: Kinetics of rigid bodies: Angular momentum about a point; Inertia
tensor: Dentition and computation, Principal moments and axes of inertia, Parallel and
perpendicular axes theorems; Mass moment of inertia of symmetrical bodies, cylinder,
sphere, cone etc., Area moment of inertia and Polar moment of inertia, Forces and moments;
Newton-Euler’s laws of rigid body motion.

UNIT-III
Free Body Diagram: Free body diagrams; Examples on modelling of typical supports and
joints and discussion on the kinematic and kinetic constraints that they impose.

15
General Motion: Examples and problems. General planar motions. General 3-D motions.
Free precession, Gyroscopes, Rolling coin.

UNIT-IV
Bending Moment: Transverse loading on beams, shear force and bending moment in beams,
analysis of cantilevers, simply supported beams and overhanging beams, relationships
between loading, shear force and bending moment, shear force and bending moment
diagrams.
Torsional Motion: Torsion of circular shafts, derivation of torsion equation, stress and
deformation in circular and hollow shafts.
Friction: Concept of Friction; Laws of Coulomb friction; Angle of Repose; Coefficient of
friction.
Text / References:
1. Mechanics by R.C. Hibbler, Pearson Publication
2. J. L. Meriam and L. G. Kraige, “Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics”, Wiley, 2011.
3. M. F. Beatty, “Principles of Engineering Mechanics”, Springer Science & Business
Media, 1986.

16
 ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE
MC-106

L T P Credits Class Work : 25 Marks

3 0 1 - Theory : 75 Marks
Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs.
Theory 75 Marks Field Work 25 Marks (Practical/Field visit)

Unit-1 The Multidisciplinary nature of environment studies. Definition, scope and importance.
Unit-2 Natural Resources :
Renewable and non-renewable resources : Natural resources and associated problems.
a) Forest resources : Use and over-exploitation : deforestation, case studies.
Timber extraction, mining dams and their effects on forests and tribal people.
b) Water resources : Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods,
drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems.
c) Mineral resources : Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral
resources, case studies.
d) Food resources : World food problems, changes, caused by agriculture and
overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, Water
logging, salinity, case studies.
e) Energy resources : Growing energy needs; renewable and non-renewable energy
sources, use of alternate energy sources, case studies.
f) Land resources : Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides,
soil erosion and desertification.
* Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources.
* Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.

Unit-3 Ecosystems :
* Producers, consumers and decomposers.
* Energy flow in the ecosystem.
* Ecological succession.
* Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids.
* Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following
eco-system :
a. Forest ecosystem.
b. Grassland ecosystem.
c. Desert ecosystem.
d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers,
oceans, estuaries) (6 lectures)

Unit-4 Biodiversity and its conservation

17
 * Introduction - Definition : Genetic, Species and ecosystem diversity.
* Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic
and option values.
* Biodiversity at global, National and local levels.
* India as a mega-diversity nation.
* Hot-spots of biodiversity.
* Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts.
* Endangered and endemic species of India.
* Conservation of biodiversity : In-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
Unit-5 Environmental pollution :
Definition, causes, effects and control measures of :
a) Air pollution.
b) Water pollution
c) Soil pollution
d) Marine pollution
e) Noise pollution
f) Thermal pollution
g) Nuclear hazards
* Solids waste management: causes, effects and control measures of urban
and industrial wastes.
* Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.
* Pollution case studies.
* Disaster management : floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
(8 lectures)
Unit-6 Social issues and the Environment:
* From unsustainable to sustainable development.
* Urban problems related to energy.
* Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management.
* Resettlement and rehabilitation of people : its problems and concerns case
studies.
* Environmental ethics : Issues and possible solutions.
* Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and
holocaust. Case studies.
* Wasteland reclamation.
* Consumerism and waste products.
* Environment Protection Act.
* Air (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act.
* Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act.

18
 * Wildlife Protection Act.
* Forest Conservation Act.
* Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation.
* Public awareness. (7 lectures)
Unit-7 Human population and the Environment.
Population growth, variation among nations.
Population explosion- Family Welfare Programme.
Environment and human health.
Human Rights.
Value Education.
HIV/AIDS.
Woman and Child Welfare
Role of Information Technology in Environment and human health.
Case Studies. (6 lectures)
Unit-8 Field Work :
* Visit to a local area to document environmental assets -
river/forest/grassland/hill/mountain.
* Visit to a local polluted site-urban/Rural/ Industrial/ Agricultural.
* Study of common plants, insects, birds.
Study of simple ecosystems- pond, river, hill slopes, etc. (Field work equal to 10 lecture
hours)
References
1. Agarwal, K.C. 2001 Environmental Biology, Nidi Pub. Ltd. Bikaner.
2. Bharucha, Frach, The Biodiversity of India, MApin Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Ahmedabad-380013,
India,
3. Brunner R.C. 1989, Hazardous Waste Incineration, Mc. Graw Hill Inc. 480p.
4. Clark R.S., Marine pollution, Slanderson Press Oxford (TB).
5. Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T. 2001,
Environmental Encyclopedia, Jaico Pub. House, Mumbai 1196 p.
6. De A.K., Environmental Chemistry, WileyEastern Ltd.
7. Down to Earth, Centre for Science and Environment (R).
8. Gleick, H.P., 1993. Water in crisis, Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev.
Environment & Security Stockholm Env. Institute, Oxford Univ. Press, 473p.
9. Hawkins R.E. Encyclopedia of Indian Natural History, Bombay Natural
HistorySociety, Bombay(R).
10. Heywood, V.H. & Watson, R.T. 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment,
Cambridge Uni. Press 1140p.

19
11. Jadhav, H & Bhosale, V.M. 1995. Environmental Protection and Laws. Himalaya
Pub. House, Delhi 284p.
12. Mackinney, M.L. & Schoch, RM 1996, Environmental Science systems & solutions,
Web enhanced edition. 639p.
13. Mhaskar A.K., Mayyer Hazardous, Tekchno-Science Publications (TB).
14. Miller T.G. Jr. Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing
15. Odum, E.P. 1971, Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders Co. USA, 574p.
16. Rao M.N. & Datta, A.K. 1987 Waste Water Treatment. Oxford & TBH Publ. Co. Pvt.
Ltd. 345p.
17. Sharma, B.K. 2001, Environmental Chemistry, Goal Publ. House, Meerut.
18. Survey of the Environment, The Hindu (M).
19. Townsend C., Harper J. and Michael Begon. Essentials of Ecology, Blackwell Science
(TB).
20. Trivedi R.K., Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines, Comliances and
Standards, Vol. I and II Enviro Media (R).
21. Tridevi R.K. and P.K. Goal, Introduction to air pollution, Techno Science Publications
(TR).
22. Wagner K.D., 1998, Environmental Management, W.B. Saunders co. Philadelphia,
USA 499p.
23. Atext book environmental education G.V.S. Publishers byDr. J.P. Yadav.

The scheme of the paper will be under :

The subject of Environmental Studies will be included as a qualifying paper in all UG
Courses and the students will be required to qualify the same otherwise the final result will
not be declared and degree will not be awarded.

The duration of the course will be 40 lectures. The examination will be conducted along with the
semester examinations.
Exam. Pattern : In case of awarding the marks, the paper will carry 100 marks. Theory: 75 marks,
Practical/ Field visit : 25 marks.
The structure of the question paper will be :
Part- A: Short Answer Pattern : 15marks
Part- B :EssayType with inbuilt choice : 60marks
Part-C : Field Work (Practical) : 25marks
Instructions for Examiners :
Part- A : Question No. 1 is compulsory and will contain five short- answer type question of 3
marks each covering the entire syllabus.
Part-B : Eight essay type questions (with inbuilt choice) will be set from the entire syllabus and the candidate
will be required to answer any four of them. Each essay type question will be of 15 marks.
The examination of the regular students will be conducted by the concerned college/Institute. Each
student will be required to score minimum 40% marks separately in theory and practical/Field visit. The
marks in this qualifying paper will not be included in determining the percentage of marks obtained
for the award of degree.
However, these marks will be shown in the detailed marks certificate of the students.

20
 Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari
B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
4TH semester w.e.f 2019-20

S. Course Course Title Teaching Marks Examination Marks Total Credits Duration of
No. Code Schedule of Marks Examination
L T P Class Theory Practical (in hours)
Work
1. PCC- Digital 3 0 0 25 75 0 100 3 3
EE-202 Electronics
2. LC- EE- Digital 0 0 2 25 0 25 50 1 3
204 Electronics
Laboratory
3. PCC- Electrical 3 1 0 25 75 0 100 4 3
EE-206 Machines-II
4. LC- EE- Electrical 0 0 2 25 0 25 50 1 3
208 Machines-II
Laboratory
5. PCC- Power 3 0 0 25 75 0 100 3 3
EE-210 Electronics
6. LC- EE- Power 0 0 2 25 0 25 50 1 3
212 Electronics
Laboratory
7. PCC- Signals and 3 0 0 25 75 0 100 3 3
EE-214 Systems
8. BSC- Mathematics- 3 1 0 25 75 0 100 4 3
MATH- III (Probability
204 and Statistics)
9. *MC- Indian 0 0 2 50 -
105 Constitution
10. BSC- Biology-I 2 1 0 25 75 0 100 3 3
BIO-
201
11 Seminar - - - - - - 25 1 -
TOTAL 775 24

NOTE: At the end of 4th semester each student has to undergo Practical Training of 4/6
weeks in an Industry/ Institute/ Professional Organization/ Research Laboratory/ training
centre etc. and submit typed report along with a certificate from the organization & its
evaluation shall be carried out in the 5th Semester.
*MC 105G is a mandatory non credit course in which the student will be required passing
marks in class work.

21
 Digital Electronics

Theory : 75
Class Work : 25
Total : 100
Duration of Exam : 3 Hrs.
Course Code PCC-EE-202
Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Digital Electronics (Theory)
Scheme L T P
3 - -

Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question
one will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15
marks each to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt
five questions in total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
• Understand working of logic families and logicgates.
• Design and implement Combinational and Sequential logic circuits.
• Understand the process of Analog to Digital conversion and Digital to Analogconversion.
• Be able to use PLDs to implement the given logicalproblem.

SECTION-A
Fundamentals of Digital Systems and logic families:
Digital signals, digital circuits, AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and Exclusive-OR
operations, Boolean algebra, examples of IC gates, number systems-binary, signed binary,
octal hexadecimal number, binary arithmetic, one’s and two’s complements arithmetic,
codes, error detecting and correcting codes, characteristics of digital lCs, digital logic
families, TTL, Schottky TTL and CMOS logic, interfacing CMOS and TTL, Tri-state logic.
SECTION-B
Combinational Digital Circuits:
Standard representation for logic functions, K-map representation, simplification of logic
functions using K-map, minimization of logical functions. Don’t care conditions,
Multiplexer, De- Multiplexer/Decoders, Adders, Subtractors, BCD arithmetic, carry look
ahead adder, serial adder, ALU, elementary ALU design, popular MSI chips, digital
comparator, parity checker/generator, code converters, priority encoders, decoders/drivers
for display devices, Q-M method of function realization.
SECTION-C
Sequential circuits and systems:
A 1-bit memory, the circuit properties of Bistable latch, the clocked SR flip flop, Master Slave J- K,
T and D types flip flops, applications of flip flops, shift registers, applications of shift registers,
serial to parallel converter, parallel to serial converter, ring counter, sequence generator,
ripple(Asynchronous) counters, synchronous counters, counters design using flip flops, special
counter IC’s, asynchronous sequential counters, applications of counters.
SECTION-D
A/D and D/A Converters:
Introduction to Digital to analog converters: weighted resistor/converter, R-2R Ladder D/A
converter, specifications for D/A converters, sample and hold circuit, Introduction to analog
to digital converters: quantization and encoding, parallel comparator A/D converter,

22
successive approximation A/D converter, counting A/D converter, dual slope A/D converter.
Semiconductor memories and Programmable logic devices:
Memory organization and operation, expanding memory size, classification and
characteristics of memories, sequential memory, read only memory (ROM), read and write
memory(RAM), content addressable memory (CAM), charge de coupled device memory
(CCD), commonly used memory chips, ROM as a PLD, Programmable logic array,
Programmable array logic.

Text/Reference books:
1. R. P. Jain, "Modern Digital Electronics", McGraw Hill Education,2009.
2. M. M. Mano, "Digital logic and Computer design", Pearson Education India,2016.
3. A. Kumar, "Fundamentals of Digital Circuits", Prentice Hall India,2016.

23
 Digital Electronics Laboratory

Class Work: 25
Exam : 25
Total : 50

Course Code LC-EE-204

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Digital Electronics (Laboratory)
Scheme L T P
- - 2

Notes:
(i) At least 10 experiments are to be performed by students in the semester.
(ii) At least 7 experiments should be performed from the list, remaining three experiments
may either be performed from the above list or designed and set by the concerned
institution as per the scope of the syllabus

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. To study of TTL gates – AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR.
2. To design & realize a given function using K-maps and verify its performance.
3. To verify the operation of multiplexer & Demultiplexer.
4. To verify the operation of comparator.
5. To verify the truth tables of S-R, J-K, T & D type flip flops.
6. To study FLIP-FLOP conversion.
7. To verify the operation of bi-directional shift register.
8. To design & verify the operation of 3-bit synchronous counter.
9. To design and verify the operation of synchronous UP/DOWN decade counter using
J K flip-flops & drive a seven-segment display using the same.
10. To design and verify the operation of asynchronous UP/DOWN decade counter using
J K flip-flops & drive a seven-segment display using the same.
11. To design a 4 bit shift register and verify its operation.

Note:
1. Each laboratory group shall not be more than about 20 students.
2. To allow fair opportunity of practical hands on experience to each student, each experiment
may either done by each student individually or in group of not more than 3-4 students.
Larger groups be strictly discouraged/disallowed.

24
 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-II

Theory : 75
Class Work : 25
Total : 100
Duration of Exam : 3 Hrs.

Course Code PCC-EE-206

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Electrical Machines-II (Theory)
Scheme L T P
3 1 -

Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question
one will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15
marks each to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt
five questions in total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Understand the concepts of rotating magnetic fields.
2. Understand the operation of ac machines.
3. Analyse performance characteristics of ac machines.
4. Impart knowledge on construction, principle of operation and performance of ac
machine.
5. Prepare the students to have a basic knowledge about motoring, generating and braking
mode of ac machines
UNIT-I
Poly-phase Induction Motor: Constructional features, Principal of operation, production of
rotating magnetic field, induction motor action, torque production, testing, development of
equivalent circuit, performance characteristics, circle diagram, starting methods, double cage
and deep bar motors.
UNIT-II
Poly-phase Induction Motor: Methods of speed control - stator voltage control, stator
resistance control, frequency control, rotor resistance control, slip power recovery control
Induction Generator: Principle of operation, types and applications.
Single Phase Induction motors: Double revolving field theory, cross field theory, different
types of single phase induction motors, circuit model of single phase induction motor.
UNIT-III
Synchronous Generator: Principle, construction of cylindrical rotor and salient pole
machines,winding, EMF equation, Armature reaction, testing, model of the machine,
regulation – synchronous reactance method, Potier triangle method. Output power equation,
power angle curve.
UNIT-IV
Three Phase Synchronous Generators: Transient and sub-transient reactance,
synchronization, parallel operation.
Synchronous Motor: Principles of synchronous motor, power angle curve, V-curve, starting,
damper winding, synchronous condenser, applications.

25
TEXT/ REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Principle of Electrical Machines, V K Mehta, Rohit Mehta, S Chand
2. Electric Machines ,Ashfaq Hussain, Dhanpat Rai
3. Electric Machines: I.J.Nagrath and D.P. Kothari, TMH, New Delhi.
4. Generalized theory of Electrical Machines: P.S. Bhimbra(Khanna Pub.)
5. 5.Electric Machinery, Fitzgerald and Kingsley, MGH.

26
 Electrical Machines-II Laboratory

Class Work: 25
Exam : 25
Total : 50

Course Code LC-EE-208

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Electrical Machines-II (Laboratory)
Scheme L T P
- - 2
Notes:
(i) At least 10 experiments are to be performed by students in the semester.
(ii) At least 7 experiments should be performed from the list, remaining three experiments
may either be performed from the above list or designed and set by the concerned
institution as per the scope of the syllabus

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. To perform the open circuit test and block rotor test on 3 phase induction motor and draw
the circle diagram.
2. To study the speed control of induction motor by rotor resistance control.
3. To conduct the load test to determine the performance characteristics of the I.M.
4. To compute the torque v/s speed characteristics for various stator voltages.
5. To perform the open circuit test and block rotor test on single-phase induction motor and
determine equivalent circuit parameters.
6. To perform O.C. test on synchronous generator and determine the full load regulation of a
three phase synchronous generator by synchronous impedance method.
7. To Study and Measure Synchronous Impedance and Short circuit ratio of Synchronous
Generator .
8. Study of Power (Load) sharing between two Three Phase alternators in parallel operation
Condition.
9. To plot V- Curve of synchronous motor.
10. Synchronization of two Three Phase Alternators by
a) Synchroscope Method
b) Three dark lamp Method
c) Two bright one dark lamp Method
11. Determination of sequence impedances of synchronous machine for various stator
voltages.

Note:
1. Each laboratory group shall not be more than about 20 students.
2. To allow fair opportunity of practical hands on experience to each student, each experiment
may either done by each student individually or in group of not more than 3-4 students.
Larger groups be strictly discouraged/disallowed.

27
 POWER ELECTRONICS

Theory : 75
Class Work : 25
Total : 100
Duration of Exam : 3 Hrs.

Course Code PCC-EE-210

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Power Electronics (Theory)
Scheme L T P
3 - -

Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question
one will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15
marks each to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt
five questions in total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to;
• Understand the differences between signal level and power leveldevices.
• Analyse controlled rectifiercircuits.
• Analyse the operation of DC-DCchoppers.
• Analyse the operation of voltage sourceinverters.

SECTION-A
Power switching devices
Diode, Thyristor, MOSFET, IGBT: I-V Characteristics; Protections, series and
parallel connections, Firing circuit for thyristor; Voltage and current commutation of
a thyristor; pulse transformer and opto-coupler.
AC REGULATORS: Types of regulator, equation of load current, calculation of
extinction angle, output voltage equation, harmonics in load voltage.

SECTION-B
Thyristor rectifiers
Single-phase half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, Single-phase full-bridge thyristor
rectifier with R- load and highly inductive load; Three-phase full-bridge thyristor
rectifier with R-load and highly inductive load; Input and output wave shape and
power factor.
DC-DC buck converter
Elementary chopper with an active switch and diode, concepts of duty ratio and
average voltage, power circuit of a buck converter, analysis and waveforms at steady
state, duty ratio control of output voltage.
SECTION-C
DC-DC boost converter

28
Power circuit of a boost converter, analysis and waveforms at steady state, relation
between duty ratio and average outputvoltage.
Single-phase voltage source inverter
Power circuit of single-phase voltage source inverter, switch states and instantaneous
output voltage, square wave operation of the inverter, concept of average voltage
over a switching cycle, bipolar sinusoidal modulation and unipolar sinusoidal
modulation, modulation index and output voltage

SECTION-D
Three-phase voltage source inverter
Power circuit of a three-phase voltage source inverter, switch states, instantaneous
output voltages, average output voltages over a sub-cycle, three-phase sinusoidal
modulation.
CYCLOCONVERTERS : Basic principle of frequency conversion, types of
cycloconverter, non-circulating and circulating types of cycloconverters

Text/References Books:-
1. M. H. Rashid, “Power electronics: circuits, devices, and applications”, Pearson
Education India, 2009.
2. N. Mohan and T. M. Undeland, “Power Electronics: Converters, Applications
and Design”, John Wiley & Sons,2007.
3. R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimovic, “Fundamentals of Power Electronics”,
Springer Science & Business Media,2007.
4. L. Umanand, “Power Electronics: Essentials and Applications”, Wiley India,2009.

29
 Power Electronics Laboratory

Class Work: 25
Exam : 25
Total : 50

Course Code LC-EE-212

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Power Electronics (Laboratory)
Scheme L T P
- - 2

Notes:
(i) At least 10 experiments are to be performed by students in the semester.
(ii) At least 7 experiments should be performed from the list, remaining three experiments
may either be performed from the above list or designed and set by the concerned
institution as per the scope of the syllabus

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. To Study Static Characteristics of Power Diode and Thyristor and to study reverse
recovery
of Power Diode & Thyristor.
2. To Study Characteristics of IGBT &MOSFET.
3. To study R, RC and UJT firing Circuit .
4. To Study of Pulse transformer & optocoupler technique
5. To Study of SCR Communication Technique Class A-E.
6.To Study of AC voltage Regulator .
7. To control speed of small motor using Single Phase Half wave & Full wave fully controlled
Converter
8. To control speed of a small DC motor using MOSFET based Chopper with output voltage
control technique
9.To Study of Mc Murray - Bed ford Half & Full Bridge Inverter
10. To control speed of small AC induction motor using Single Phase non circulating type
bridge by frequency conversion.
11.To Study single phase cycloconverter.

Note:
1. Each laboratory group shall not be more than about 20 students.
2. To allow fair opportunity of practical hands on experience to each student, each experiment
may either done by each student individually or in group of not more than 3-4 students.
Larger groups be strictly discouraged/disallowed.

30
 Mathematics-III

Theory : 75
Class Work : 25
Total : 100
Duration of Exam : 3 Hrs.

Course Code BSC-MATH-204

Category Basic Science Course
Mathematics-III (Numerical
Course title methods, Probability and Statistics)
Scheme L T P
3 1 -

Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question
one will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15
marks each to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt
five questions in total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.

Course Outcomes:
The students will learn:
1. To find roots of polynomial and transcendental equations using numerical methods.
2. To conduct numerical differentiation and numerical integration.
3. To solve differential equations using numerical methods.
4. To formulate and solve problems involving random variables.
5. To apply statistical methods for analysing experimental data.

Unit-I
Numerical Methods 1: Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations – Bisection
method, Newton-Raphson method and Regula-Falsi method, Finite differences, Interpolation
using Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae, Newton’s divided difference and
Lagrange’s formulae, Numerical integration, Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8
rules

Unit-II
Numerical Methods 2: Taylor’s series, Euler and modified Euler’s methods, Runge-Kutta
method of fourth order for solving first and second order ordinary differential equations,
Finite difference solution of two dimensional Laplace equation and Poission equation,
Implicit and explicit methods for one dimensional heat equation (Bender-Schmidt and Crank-
Nicholson methods), Finite difference explicit method for wave equation

Unit-III
Probability: Probability spaces, Conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem, Discrete random
variables, Bernoulli distribution, Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, Poisson
approximation to the Binomial distribution, Expectation of discrete random variables,

31
Moments, Variance of a sum, Correlation coefficient, Continuous random variables and their
properties, Distribution functions and Densities, Normal, Exponential and Gamma densities

Unit-IV
Sampling: Measures of central tendency, Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis, Testing of
hypothesis, Test of significance, Large sample test for single proportion, Difference of
proportions, Tests for single mean, Difference of means and Difference of standard
deviations, Test for ratio of variances, Chi-square test for goodness of fit and Independence
of attributes

Reference Books:
1. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons
2. P. Kandasamy, K. Thilagavathy, K. Gunavathi, Numerical Methods, S. Chand and
Company
3. S. S. Sastry, Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, PHI
4. P. G. Hoel, S. C. Port and C. J. Stone, Introduction to Probability Theory, Universal
Book Stall
5. S. Ross, A First Course in Probability, Pearson Education India
6. W. Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Wiley India

32
 Signals and Systems

Theory : 75
Class Work : 25
Total : 100
Duration of Exam : 3 Hrs.

Course Code PCC-EE-214

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Signals and Systems (Theory)
Scheme L T P
3 0 -

Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question
one will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15
marks each to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt
five questions in total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.

Course Outcomes :
On completion of the course, student will able to
1. Understand mathematical description and representation of continuous and discrete time
signals and systems.
2. Develop input output relationship for linear shift invariant system and understand the
convolution operator for continuous and discrete time system.
3. Understand and resolve the signals in frequency domain using Fourier series and Fourier
transforms.
4. Understand the limitations of Fourier transform and need for Laplace transform
5. Understand the basic concept of various signals and system
6. To understand the new tool in Z transform and numerical ability to analyze the circuit in Z
domain.
SECTION-A
Signals: Definition, types of signals and their representations: continuous-time, discrete-time,
periodic, non-periodic, even, odd, energy, power, deterministic, random, one-dimensional,
multi-dimensional, Shifting and scaling operations, Linear Time Invariant and Causal
systems; commonly used signals (in continuous-time as well as in discrete-time): unit
impulse, unit step, unit ramp (and their inter-relationships), exponential, rectangular pulse,
sinusoidal; operations on continuous-time and discrete-time signals (including
transformations of independent variables).

SECTION-B
Fourier Transforms (FT):(i) Definition, conditions of existence of FT, properties, magnitude
and phase spectra, Some important FT theorems, Parseval’s theorem, Inverse FT, relation
between LT and FT(ii) Discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT), inverse DTFT, convergence,
properties and theorems, Comparison between continuous time FT and DTFT, Sampling
theorem, Applications of Fourier Transform.
SECTION-C

33
Time and frequency domain analysis of systems, Analysis of first order and second order
systems, continuous-time (CT) system analysis using LT, system functions of CT systems,
poles and zeros, block diagram representations; discrete-time system functions, block
diagram representation, illustration of the concepts of system bandwidth and rise time
through the analysis of a first order CT low pass filter

SECTION-D

Laplace-Transform (LT) and Z-transform (ZT): (i) One-sided LT of some common signals,
important theorems and properties of LT, inverse LT, solutions of differential equations using
LT, Bilateral LT, Regions of convergence (ROC) (ii) One sided and Bilateral Z-transforms,
ZT of some common signals, ROC, Properties and theorems, solution of difference equations
using one-sided ZT, s- to z-plane mapping .

Text/ Reference Books:

1. `Signal and Systems’ I J NAGRATH, R. RANJAN & Sharan, 2009 Edn., TMH, New
Delhi
2. V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S. Hamid Nawab, ‘Signals &System’,PEARSON
Education, Second Edition, 2003.
3. Signals & System by A Anand Kumar, Third edition PHI.
4. Schaume Series on Signals & Systems, HSU & RANJAN, TMH,India

34
 CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

Class Work : 50

Course Code MC-105

Category Engineering Science Course
Course title Constitution of India (Theory)
Scheme L T P
0 0 2

CONSTITUTION OF INDIA– BASIC FEATURES AND FUNDAMENTAL

PRINCIPLES

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. Parliament of India can not make any
law which violates the Fundamental Rights enumerated under the Part III of the Constitution.
The Parliament of India has been empowered to amend the Constitution under Article 368,
however, it cannot use this power to change the “basic structure” of the constitution, which
has been ruled and explained by the Supreme Court of India in its historical judgments. The
Constitution of India reflects the idea of “Constitutionalism” – a modern and progressive
concept historically developed by the thinkers of “liberalism” – an ideology which has been
recognized as one of the most popular political ideology and result of historical struggles
against arbitrary use of sovereign power by state. The historic revolutions in France, England,
America and particularly European Renaissance and Reformation movement have resulted
into progressive legal reforms in the form of “constitutionalism” in many countries. The
Constitution of India was made by borrowing models and principles from many countries
including United Kingdom and America.
The Constitution of India is not only a legal document but it also reflects social, political and
economic perspectives of the Indian Society. It reflects India’s legacy of “diversity”. It has
been said that Indian constitution reflects ideals of its freedom movement, however, few
critics have argued that it does not truly incorporate our own ancient legal heritage and
cultural values. No law can be “static” and therefore the Constitution of India has also been
amended more than one hundred times. These amendments reflect political, social and
economic developments since the year 1950.
The Indian judiciary and particularly the Supreme Court of India has played an historic role
as the guardian of people. It has been protecting not only basic ideals of the Constitution but
also strengthened the same through progressive interpretations of the text of the Constitution.
The judicial activism of the Supreme Court of India and its historic contributions has been
recognized throughout the world and it gradually made it “as one of the strongest court in the
world”.

35
COURSE CONTENTS

1. Meaning of the constitution law and constitutionalism.

2. Historical perspective of the Constitution of India.
3. Salient features and characteristics of the Constitution of India.
4. Scheme of the fundamental rights.
5. The scheme of the Fundamental Duties and its legal status.
6. The Directive Principles of State Policy – Its importance and implementation.
7. Federal structure and distribution of legislative and financial powers
between the Union and the States.
8. Parliamentary Form of Government in India – The constitution powers and
status of the President of India
9. Amendment of the Constitutional Powers and Procedure
10. The historical perspectives of the constitutional amendments in India
11. Emergency Provisions : National Emergency, President Rule, Financial
Emergency
12. Local Self Government – Constitutional Scheme in India
13. Scheme of the Fundamental Right to Equality
14. Scheme of the Fundamental Right to certain Freedom under Article 19
15. Scope of the Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21

REFERENCES:
th
1. The Constitutional Law Of India 9 Edition, by Pandey. J. N.
2. The Constitution of India by P.M.Bakshi
3. Constitution Law of India by Narender Kumar
4. Bare Act by P. M. Bakshi

36
 Biology-I
Theory : 75
Class Work : 25
Total : 100
Duration of Exam : 3 Hrs.

Course code BSC-BIO-201

Category Basic Science Course

Course title Biology-I

Scheme and Credits L T P Credits
2 1 3
Branches (B. Tech.) Common For All Branches

Class work 25 Marks

Exam 75 Marks
Total 100 Marks
Duration of Exam 03 Hours
Note: Examiner will set nine questions in total. Question one will be compulsory. Question
one will have 6 parts of 2.5 marks each from all units and remaining eight questions of 15
marks each to be set by taking two questions from each unit. The students have to attempt
five questions in total, first being compulsory and selecting one from each unit.

Course Objectives
To convey that Biology is as an important scientific discipline.
To convey that all forms of life has the same building blocks and yet the manifestations are as
diverse as one can imagine
To convey that “Genetics is to biology what Newton’s laws are to Physical Sciences”
To study the biomolecules that are basis of life.
To understand the tools used in modern genetic engineering and its role.
To understand the role of biotechnology in different fields.
UNIT – I
Introduction to living world:Concept and definition of Biology; Aspect of biology. Need to
study biology. Characteristic features of living organisms; Cell theory, Structure of Prokaryotic
and Eukaryotic cell.Distinguish between animal and plant cell.Concept of single celled
organisms, Types of microbes and their important properties. Economic importance of microbes.
Genetics :Mendel’s laws of inheritance, Concept of allele. Concepts of recessiveness and
dominance . Gene interaction.
Cell division-Mitosis and Meiosis. Evidence of nucleic acidas a genetic material. Concept of
genetic code, Central Dogma.

UNIT – II

Introduction to Biomolecules: Definition, structure and important functions of

carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, disaccharides, starch and cellulose), lipids (phospholipid,
cholesterol), Amino acids

37
Proteins- structure and function. Primary secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure.
Nucleic acid- Structure of DNA and RNA, types of RNA, Watson and Crick model of DNA

UNIT – III
Introduction to Genetic Engineering: Concept of genetic engineering. Tools used in
recombinant DNA Technology. Restriction enzymes and DNA modifying enzymes, ligases.
Gene cloning; plasmid vector. Transgenic plants and animals

UNIT – IV
Applications of Biotechnology: Applications of biotechnology in Agriculture,Medicine,
Environment (sewage treatment), enzyme technology.
Course Outcomes
After studying the course, the student will be able to:
Understand about living organisms, type of cells and microbes.
Identify DNA as a genetic material in the molecular basis of information transfer.
Get knowledge that all forms of life have the same building blocks and yet the manifestations
are as diverse as one can imagine.
Highlight the concepts of genetic engineering and application or sustainable development.
Understand the impact of biotechnology on ennironment, health agriculture and industry.

References:
1) Biology: A global approach: Campbell, N. A.; Reece, J. B.; Urry, Lisa; Cain, M,
L.; Wasserman, S. A.; Minorsky, P. V.; Jackson, R. B. Pearson Education Ltd
2) Outlines of Biochemistry, Conn, E.E; Stumpf, P.K; Bruening, G; Doi, R.H.
John Wiley and Sons
3) Principles of Biochemistry (V Edition), By Nelson, D. L.; and Cox, M. M.W.H. Freeman
and Company
4) Molecular Genetics (Second edition), Stent, G. S.; and Calender, R. W.H. Freeman and
company, Distributed by Satish Kumar Jain for CBS Publisher
5) Microbiology, Prescott, L.M J.P. Harley and C.A. Klein 1995. 2nd edition Wm, C.
Brown Publishers
6) https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc18_bt23 by K. Suraishkumar and Madhulika Dixit
7) Campbell, NA and Reece JB, Biology, International edition, 7th edition or later, Benjamin
Cummings, New York (2007 or later)
8) Karp, G, Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, 7th edition, Wiley, New
York (2013)

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