PRESENTATION ON
Introduction to Structural Engineering
Presented by : Er.Kiran Talwar
Asst Prof (civil
Engg)
Topics to be covered
INTRODUCTION
ROLE OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
OBJECTIVES
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
STRUCTURE
ENGINEERING
Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil
engineering in which Structural engineers are
trained to design the 'bones and muscles' that
create the form and shape of man made
structures.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Strength of Material :- Studied about the Structure
Statically Determinate.
Structural Analysis :- Studied about the Structure
Statically Indeterminate.
Design of Concrete Structure:- Studied about the
Structure construct with Concrete.
Design of Steel Structure :- Studied about the
Structure construct with Steel.
INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Structural design is a systematic and iterative process
that involves:
● Identification of intended use and occupancy of a
structure – by owner
● Development of architectural plans and layout –
by architect
● Identification of structural framework – by
engineer
● Estimation of structural loads depending on use
and occupancy
● Analysis of the structure to determine member and
connection design forces
● Design of structural members and connections
● Verification of design
● Fabrication & Erection – by steel fabricator and
contractor
● Inspection and Approval – by state building official
General Introduction
Ideally, the owner and the architect, the architect and
the engineer, and the engineer and the
fabricator/contractor will collaborate and interact on a
regular basis to conceive, develop, design, and build the
structure in an efficient manner. The primary
responsibilities of all these players are as follows
Contd…
Owner - primary responsibility is deciding the use and
occupancy, and approving the architectural plans of the
building.
Architect - primary responsibility is ensuring that the
architectural plan of the building interior is appropriate
for the intended use and the overall building is
aesthetically pleasing.
Engineer – primary responsibility is ensuring the
safety and serviceability of the structure, i.e., designing
the building to carry the loads safely and Service.
Contd..
Fabricator – primary responsibility is ensuring that the
designed members and connections are fabricated
economically in the shop or field as required
Contractor/Erector - primary responsibility is
ensuring that the members and connections are
economically assembled in the field to build the
structure.
State Building Official – primary responsibility is
ensuring that the built structure satisfies the appropriate
building codes accepted by the Govt.
The Structural Engineer Role
Structural engineering deals with the analysis and
design of structures.
Structure can be defined as an assembly of various
components that act together under “stress”
conditions.
Bridges, highways, buildings, transmission towers,
trusses, water tanks, offshore structures, are common
today.
STRUCTURE DESIGN
The basic purpose of designing a structure is to ensure its
safety, functionality and economy under the most severe
condition of using, during its lifespan.
• Information flows of studies and research increasing
• Improvements of manufacturing process and
materials
• Fast upgrade of design tools (including CAD
software)
• Engineering applications are interdisciplinary
(Architecture, Construction, Maintenance,
Repairing, Financing, Environmental…)
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Conceptually, from an engineering standpoint, the
parameters that can be varied (somewhat) are: (1) the
material of construction, and (2) the structural framing
plan.
The choices for material include: (a) steel, (b)
reinforced concrete, and (c) steel-concrete composite
construction.
The choices for structural framing plan include moment
resisting frames, braced frames, dual frames, shear wall
frames, and so on. The engineer can also innovate a
new structural framing plan for a particular structure if
required.
All viable material + framing plan alternatives must be
considered and designed to compare the individual
material + fabrication / erection costs to identify the
most efficient and economical design for the structure.
The Structural Engineer Role: The Design
Optimalstructural design shall achieve balance
between the following requirements:
Governing Principles of Engineering Design
Application of basic scientific principles for safe, practical and
cost effective solutions.
Structural design is based on:
• Mechanics (analyzes structural components as rigid
bodies under external actions)
• Strengh of materials (analyses structural components as
deformable bodies under external action depending of
material properties)
Overall Course Objective
Identify the role of structural engineer
Explain the behavior of structural members under
loading
Apply the concept of stress functions liketension,
compression, shear and bending
Use the basic concepts for analysis of statically
determinate and indeterminate structures
Analyze deformation of members under loading
Discuss the significance of material properties in design
Perform basic design of reinforced cement concrete
structures, steel structures and masonry & timber structural
members
Structural Analysis
Objectives:
Understand thetypes of structures and their
components
Understand the different types of stresses and the way
strutural arrangements offer resistance to them
Gain knowledge about the types of load and nature of
stresses and deformation that they can induce.
Understand theprinciples of mechanics and their
applications in structura analysis
Use theanalytical tools to analyze thestatically
determinate structures
Structural Analysis
The function of structures has been to withstand
stresses due to self-loads, direct loads and restrains
imposed on phisycal characteristics –like changes in
dimensions with temperature.
Steps in typical design are:
• Study the loads and constrains under the situations
• Propose a suitable strutural system
• Examine the overall stability of the same
• Calculate internal forces and deformation of
the members
• Modify and fine tune overall dimensions and
sections of the members.
Structural Analysis
Classification of structures may be by:
Purposes (buildings for habitation factory, bridges
for transportation, dams for water retention,
chimneys, aeroports, ports telecomunications
towers…)
• Shape and forms (beams, columns, slabs, walls,
footings, frames, trusses)
• Analytical procedure ( determinate and
indeterminatestructures, two-dimensional, tri-
dimensional
Structural Analysis
Types of loads:
• Dead loads
• Live loads
• Lateral loads
• Snow loads
• Thermal loads
• Other
Structural
Analysis
Structural Analysis
Live Load
Structural
Analysis
Principle of Mechanics
Loads
Structural Analysis
Principle of Mechanics. Loads
Structural
Analysis
Principle of Mechanics
Loads
Structural Analysis
Principle of Mechanics. Loads
Structural Analysis
Principle of Mechanics. Loads
Structural Analysis
Principle of Mechanics. Loads
THANK YOU
