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 Another Random Document on
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of The American
Missionary — Volume 33, No. 07, July, 1879
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Title: The American Missionary — Volume 33, No. 07, July, 1879

Author: Various

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN

MISSIONARY — VOLUME 33, NO. 07, JULY, 1879 ***
Vol. XXXIII. No. 7.

THE
AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

“To the Poor the Gospel Preached.”

JULY, 1879.
 CONTENTS:

EDITORIAL.

Paragraphs 193
Signs of the Times 194
Responsibility of Answered Prayer: Rev. J. E. Roy, D.D. 195
Africa in America and America in Africa 196
Congregationalism in the South: Rev. C. L. Woodworth 197
General Notes 198
Our Query Column 201

THE FREEDMEN.

The Hampton Anniversary: By the Editor 201

Fisk University—— Increasing favor——Closing days 205
Straight University Commencement 207
Tougaloo University Commencement 208
Howard University Commencement 210
Beach Institute—— Year’s Work 211
Georgia——No. 1 Miller’s Station—— Work——
Temperance——Superstition 212
Tennessee, Memphis—— The Kansas Fever——Le
Moyne School 213

THE CHINESE.

The New Constitution and Our Missionary Work 215

The Children’s Page 217
RECEIPTS 218
Constitution 221
Work, Statistics, Wants, &c. 222

NEW YORK:
Published by the American Missionary Association,
Rooms, 56 Reade Street.

Price, 50 Cents a Year, in advance.

American Missionary Association,
56 READE STREET, N. Y.

PRESIDENT.

Hon. E. S. TOBEY, Boston.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

Hon. F. D. Parish, Ohio. Rev. W. L. Gage, Ct.

Hon. E. D. Holton, Wis. A. S. Hatch, Esq., N. Y.
Hon. William Claflin, Mass. Rev. J. H. Fairchild, D. D., Ohio.
Rev. Stephen Thurston, D. D., Me. Rev. H. A. Stimson, Minn.
Rev. Samuel Harris, D. D., Ct. Rev. J. W. Strong, D. D., Minn.
Wm. C. Chapin, Esq., R. I. Rev. George Thacher, LL. D., Iowa.
Rev. W. T. Eustis, D. D., Mass. Rev. A. L. Stone, D. D., California.
Hon. A. C. Barstow, R. I. Rev. G. H. Atkinson, D. D., Oregon.
Rev. Thatcher Thayer, D. D., R. I. Rev. J. E. Rankin, D. D., D. C.
Rev. Ray Palmer, D. D., N. Y. Rev. A. L. Chapin, D. D., Wis.
Rev. J. M. Sturtevant, D. D., Ill. S. D. Smith, Esq., Mass.
Rev. W. W. Patton, D. D., D. C. Peter Smith, Esq., Mass.
Hon. Seymour Straight, La. Dea. John C. Whitin, Mass.
Horace Hallock, Esq., Mich. Rev. Wm. Patton, D. D., Ct.
Rev. Cyrus W. Wallace, D. D., N. H. Hon. J. B. Grinnell, Iowa.
Rev. Edward Hawes, Ct. Rev. Wm. T. Carr, Ct.
Douglas Putnam, Esq., Ohio. Rev. Horace Winslow, Ct.
Hon. Thaddeus Fairbanks, Vt. Sir Peter Coats, Scotland.
Samuel D. Porter, Esq., N. Y. Rev. Henry Allon, D. D., London, Eng.
Rev. M. M. G. Dana, D. D., Minn. Wm. E. Whiting, Esq., N. Y.
Rev. H. W. Beecher, N. Y. J. M. Pinkerton, Esq., Mass.
Gen. O. O. Howard, Oregon. Rev. F. A. Noble, D. D., Ct.
Rev. G. F. Magoun, D. D., Iowa. Daniel Hand, Esq., Ct.
Col. C. G. Hammond, Ill. A. L. Williston, Esq., Mass.
Edward Spaulding, M. D., N. H. Rev. A. F. Beard, D. D., N. Y.
David Ripley, Esq., N. J. Frederick Billings, Esq., Vt.
Rev. Wm. M. Barbour, D. D., Ct. Joseph Carpenter, Esq., R. I.
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
 Rev. M. E. STRIEBY, D. D., 56 Reade Street, N. Y.
DISTRICT SECRETARIES.
Rev. C. L. WOODWORTH, Boston.
Rev. G. D. PIKE, New York.
Rev. JAS. POWELL, Chicago.

EDGAR KETCHUM, Esq., Treasurer, N. Y.

H. W. HUBBARD, Esq., Assistant Treasurer, N. Y.
Rev. M. E. STRIEBY, Recording Secretary.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Alonzo S. Ball, Clinton B. Fisk, S. S. Jocelyn,
A. S. Barnes, Addison P. Foster, Andrew Lester,
Edward Beecher, E. A. Graves, Chas. L. Mead,
Geo. M. Boynton, S. B. Halliday, John H. Washburn,
Wm. B. Brown, Sam’l Holmes, G. B. Willcox.
COMMUNICATIONS

relating to the business of the Association may be addressed to either of the

Secretaries as above; letters for the Editor of the “American Missionary” to Rev.
Geo. M. Boynton, at the New York Office.
DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

should be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Ass’t Treasurer, No. 56 Reade Street, New York,
or, when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21 Congregational
House, Boston, Mass., or 112 West Washington Street, Chicago, Ill.
A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a Life Member.
Correspondents are specially requested to place at the head of each letter the
name of their Post Office, and the County and State in which it is located.
 THE

AMERICAN MISSIONARY.
Vol. XXXIII. JULY, 1879.
No. 7.

American Missionary Association.

The time has come when our schools at the South are closing the
year’s work. In this number will be found communications from
Hampton, Fisk, Straight, Tougaloo, Howard, and Beach. All of them
give reports encouraging and hopeful. The change wrought in those
who go forth from these institutions by their few years of study and
discipline is marvelous, and the contrast in all the course and
influence of their lives with what it might have been may well satisfy
all who have taken part in so good a work.

The Boston anniversary day has come and gone again. The last hour
of the morning was given to the work of this Association. Secretary
Woodworth read a brief report of work. Rev. P. B. Davis, of Hyde
Park, spoke from his observations in a recent tour among our
schools and churches. Rev. Albert H. Heath, of New Bedford, spoke
of this continent as the mens’ battle-ground for the settlement of the
great questions which have never been decided, and argued that,
having the opportunity and the ability, we are under obligation to
help the three despised races.

We have no word to say in favor of intermarriage between whites

and blacks in our country, but we desire to say an earnest word
against the laws of Virginia in the South and of at least one State in
the North, which makes a marriage between such parties a cause of
imprisonment, but permits them to live together in illicit relations
unpunished. The best restraint upon such miscegenation will be by
punishing it when unlimited by law, and only allowing it when it does
not violate the law of God.

A few barrels of clothing have been received by us for the Freedmen

in Kansas. We forwarded them to the Kansas Freedmen’s Relief
Association at Topeka, and have received their acknowledgments
and thanks. Governor St. John, who is the President of the
Association, in a recent letter says:
“Between three and four thousand refugees have arrived in Kansas,
and have been distributed to various portions of the State, and I
think, perhaps with the exception of say not to exceed one hundred
of the entire number, they are now making their own living, and
getting along without asking or receiving aid. I am inclined to the
opinion that the rush is over for the present, but will be renewed
again in the fall; meantime, no doubt there will be small numbers
coming in from time to time, but I think, as a general rule, will not
require much aid. There are now between two and three hundred on
the banks of the lower Mississippi desiring to come here, but the
boats refuse to bring them. I think it very likely that measures will
be resorted to that will end in transporting these people to the
North, and in all probability to Kansas, and it is very likely that within
the next few weeks they will have to be provided for.”

One of the best ways of aiding the poor negroes in Kansas, or

anywhere else, has been devised by Mr. Montgomery, a colored
planter in Mississippi. Visiting Kansas, he bought a section of land in
Wabaunsee county. Four other sections have been divided into forty-
acre tracts, and a colony of about fifty families will be established
upon them. Until the colonists get their little farms in order, they will
be given employment upon Mr. Montgomery’s 640 acres, and will
thus be able to earn enough for their support. The settlers agree to
pay $2.65 an acre for their land with 7 per cent. interest. Could
there be a simpler or better way devised of helping poor immigrants
or poor citizens to help themselves?

THE SIGNS OF THE TIMES.

It seems to be a day of great bequests. While our country and
others as well have been straitened by hard times, fortunes well
planted have been growing silently, and those who have watched
over them have been devising liberal things. The estate of Daniel
Stone of Massachusetts, yields $1,000,000 for educational
endowments; that of Asa Otis of Connecticut, at least $1,000,000 for
foreign missions. Judge Packer of Pennsylvania leaves $2,000,000 to
the Lehigh University; this in addition to $1,000,000 which it cost to
found the institution. Gardiner Colby of Boston directs nearly
$400,000 to be distributed among various Baptist institutions and
societies. Dr. Hugh Miller of Scotland leaves some $140,000 for
missionary purposes. Nor can we fail to mention here the $100,000
which Mr. Robert Arthington of England has given or offered to
British and American missionary societies, of at least four
denominations of Christians, for the planting of missionary
enterprises in Equatorial Africa. The estate of Mr. R. R. Graves of
New York, in addition to large gifts already made, has nearly
$100,000 in process of distribution mainly for work in the South.
These and others like them are significant facts, that from so many
sources there should have been such large appropriations to such
good work.
We are led to look, therefore, to the other end of the line. What is
the motive which has moved these stewards of God to turn their
benefactions in such directions in so large a measure? Rather, we
ask, what is the corresponding providence which has called for
them, or the preparation which has been making far away for their
wise use, the signs of which were not seen, perhaps, by the givers
at the time when they were thus carrying out the Lord’s will? What is
the significance of it all in the divine plan?
Is it not that the world is suddenly opening for missionary work as
perhaps never before in all its history? that in more than one
direction the long twilight which has been slowly creeping over the
eastern sky is breaking in a moment into glorious dawn? that the
seed which has been growing secretly these many days has come to
be the bud, and now is bursting into the flower? Such crises do
come in the history of God’s world, in the progress of the Gospel of
his Son.
Three illustrations of this truth are just now conspicuous——India is
clamoring for the Gospel; missionaries are beset with eager throngs
begging for the bread of life; whole villages are calling each for a
Christian teacher to come and dwell among them and lead them to
the Christ. Thousands have been baptized in the name of the Lord
Jesus during the past year. Japan, too, which succeeded in keeping
itself secluded from all interference from without until so late a day,
has taken down its official threats published at every crossroad
against “the Jesus religion,” and, as it throws away its idol gods, is
ready to accept either the materialism or the Christianity of Europe
and America; and Africa is no longer a region of unexplored
darkness, but has been forced to give up its secrets to the Christian
explorer as well as to the Arab slave-trader, who heretofore alone
has shared them with the aborigines. Africa is known, and already
has followed the death-blow to the internal traffic in human life;
missionary expeditions are winding along its rivers and across its
swamps, and, with the Arab out, the Christian may come in. For us,
this last great continent is of peculiar interest, and its opening lends
a new and wider meaning and reach to the work we have been
patiently doing in the South? Are not these the complementing facts
which stand over against those stated first, and which explain them?
God has brought his church into a crisis by which he will try its faith
and its faithfulness. He has opened the doors wide for its entrance
into new fields. No longer does the missionary have to push himself
into the midst of heathendom; but the cry is heard on every side,
“Come over and help us.” And then the Lord of both the fields and
the fountains has shown us by these illustrious examples of both the
living and the dead, how he looks to the men who hold his wealth to
administer their trusts, and to lead on the hosts of those who may
swell the stream with much or little, as he has prospered them. Will
the church of Christ bear the testing? Let us hope that these large
gifts are only the great drops which tell us of the coming shower
which shall fill all the pools. Nay, rather, let us pray that this may be
the beginning of “the latter rain.”

THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ANSWERED PRAYER.

The obligation which comes from offered prayer is apparent. It
implies a complete subordination of our will to God’s will——a
readiness for any self-denial and effort on our part necessary to the
answer, through whatever trying ordeal that answer may come. But
the process is essential to the result.
Once answered, the prayer brings the additional responsibility of
walking in its light. We find ourselves straggling within the toils of
some disaster. We ask the Lord, “How is this?” He gradually unfolds
the meaning as indicating some transition in His plan for our life.
Having carried us safely through, and having set us surely in the line
of the new departure, He expects us to take up the full measure of
its obligation. When, with Saul of Tarsus, we are dazed by the new
experience and cry out, Lord, what wilt thou have us to do? we are,
with him, to accept the labor and sacrifice implied thereby. David
puts it thus: “I will pay Thee my vows which my lips have uttered
and my mouth hath spoken when I was in trouble.” Hannah, with
her prayer answered in the gift of a son, must fulfil her vow in
devoting him to the service of the Lord. For a long time God’s people
were praying Him to open the way among the nations for the
entrance of the Gospel of his Son. He answered by setting open the
door to every land and to every island of the sea. It is our duty to
enter and occupy. If we do not, we are grossly disobedient to the
heavenly vision; we are found guilty of deserting in the battle of the
great day of the Lord Almighty. The Christian world now rests under
this obligation.
We wrestled with God in prayer for the deliverance of our brethren in
bonds. We cried, Oh Lord, how long! how long! The answer came by
terrible things in righteousness. We had scarcely expected to see it
in our day. Our thought had stopped with the great burden of
emancipation. Our vision scarcely took in the mountain of obligation
looming in the horizon of our answered prayer. We thought that if
we could only see our country delivered from its crime and shame of
oppression, the millennium would be near at hand. We had not yet
taken upon our hearts the burden of lifting up the emancipated race.
We had not yet received our divine commission to lead this people
through their forty years of training into the citizenship of the
republic and of the kingdom of God. But this was all implied in the
answering of our prayer. We asked for this child of liberty, and now it
is but the instinct of nature and the demand of reason that we meet
the obligation of its nurture. We prayed that the slaves might be set
free, and this implies that we make good the conditions of freedom.
In the words of the martyr-President, they are “the wards of the
nation.” So also are they the children of the Church, given in answer
to prayer, to be nourished into Christian character for service in this
their native land and in the country of their ancestral home.
J. E. Roy.

AFRICA IN AMERICA AND AMERICA IN

AFRICA.
We are glad to print the following letter, from an intelligent friend in New England,
to a member of our Executive Committee:
My Dear Sir:
I have received and read with interest the paper you have sent me
in relation to Africa and the colored people.
It has seemed to me a very remarkable indication of God’s
recognition of His promise, “Ethiopia shall stretch out her hands,”
that the two great events of recent years——the abolition of
American slavery, and the brilliant explorations and discoveries in
Africa, which have become epochs in history——have occurred
nearly simultaneously; and the higher education of the colored
young men and women seems to have progressed in relative
proportion to the further opening up of Africa, with its immense
population, suffering, dying for the Word of Life.
The climate of tropical Africa, taken as a whole, is evidently fatal to
the white man. There is a region about those large interior lakes,
though under the equator, which from its altitude (4,600 feet above
the ocean level) at the Victoria Nyanza, is represented by Mr. Stanley
to be salubrious. But the climate, even in this most highly favored
part of the African continent, is enervating and ultimately destructive
to the life of the white man. The missions upon the West Coast of
Africa have been conducted for the past hundred years at a fearful
sacrifice of the lives of white missionaries.
We may not forecast events for the Providence of God to follow. We
do our duty when we faithfully perform the work He assigns us. But
I cannot exclude the thought from my mind, that sometime at the
proper time, the children of Africa now natives of our own country,
must be prepared by education and the Spirit of God to go with
hearts of love, laden with the Gospel of Peace, to their own race in
Africa, and elevate them from their degradation and barbarity, to the
liberty wherewith Christ maketh free.
I feel deeply the wrongs which have been perpetrated upon poor,
suffering, abused, down-trodden, defenceless Africa. Her country
has been the foraging field for the violent, the cruel and bloody-
minded for centuries. A dim light now dawns upon it. The slave
trade is nearly, perhaps quite suppressed. A million of philanthropic
hearts are beating high with earnest desire to repair the wrongs
which inhumanity has inflicted upon it. God grant that the sun of
righteousness may soon arise upon that benighted land.
The American Missionary Association is doing a noble work in the
schools it has inaugurated for the education of colored young men
and women to be teachers and missionaries, and should receive
increased subscriptions from our New England States.
G. M.

CONGREGATIONALISM IN THE SOUTH.

4. Its Opportunities.

DIST. SEC. C. L. WOODWORTH, BOSTON.

We have now reached the point where attention may be well

directed to the opportunity of Congregationalism for enlargement,
and so for greater usefulness in the Southern States, and especially
among the blacks. If the claim that our faith and polity lie in the very
letter as well as spirit of the New Testament be anything more than
pretense, then it is nothing less than cowardice to consent that
either should be limited by lines of latitude. The other denominations
have spread over the country, and have aspired to a national name
and influence; but Congregationalism, until within thirty years, had
hardly set foot outside of New England. It had clung to the early
home, and lingered among the graves of the fathers, while other
churches were pressing across the continent. Late in the contest it
joined the grand march of the churches Westward, and has shown
what fine work she can do as an educator and civilizer. Now the door
opens Southward, and she will be recreant to every call of duty, to
every impulse of patriotism and religion, if she does not widen her
borders and diffuse her influence in that direction. The opportunity is
before her for enlargement to the full dimensions of our country, and
she should be satisfied with nothing less. The church of the Pilgrims
has a right to a national name——the South has a right to any good
she may have to bestow.
It has been intimated, indeed, that other churches hold the field,
and that ours has no right to intrude. If the churches on the ground
had fairly done all the work——had enlightened the ignorant, had
lifted the degraded——there would be some place for such a
sentiment. It may seem a cheap and almost contemptible thing to
enter the South through the negro cabins and offer the poorest of
the poor our culture and our faith. But nothing is contemptible that
bears the image of the Son of God or carries His sanction. We simply
follow the spirit of His own command: “If they receive you not in one
city, flee ye into another.” We have no disposition to discriminate
against the whites, but when they discriminate against themselves
we have no alternative but to turn to the blacks. And perhaps it is as
well; for if the whites had opened their hearts and their homes to
receive us, what would have become of the race that needs us most
of all; that showed such hunger for knowledge and eagerness for
teachers as perhaps was never before seen in the history of races?
As it is now, we can lay foundations at the very bottom of Southern
society. It is an opportunity to be useful to those who have made
themselves useful to us.
They see in our teachers and missionaries the practical illustration of
human brotherhood; and they find that just so far as the doctrines
we teach prevail, they are recognized as men. They only need to
know us fully, to turn to us by thousands.
We have an immense advantage in this work, too, because we are
not hampered by any connection with the old colored churches, and
are not tempted to cater to their superstition and confusion in
worship. The temptation to count members in the Annual Report,
and to sweep whole congregations into the church, is very great;
but, fortunately, it has not lain in our path. There were no Southern
Congregational churches, and so there were no churches of our
name for which we were held responsible. It was our work to
prepare a pure and intelligent seed with which to plant the Southern
field. We antagonized no other church; “the land was all before us
where to choose.” The 5,300 laborers we have sent into the South
during these seventeen years were for the negro race; and the
2,000 more we have raised up out of that race are for the instruction
of their people. The foundations we have laid, therefore, have been
broad, and just those needed to start the race upward.
To those who are intent on merely propagating an ism, the results
up to this time may seem small compared with the outlay of men
and money; but to those who look deeper, the results cannot be
counted in numbers of schools or churches; the churches founded
represent but a part of the spiritual outcome. The old churches have
been wonderfully quickened and elevated by the incoming of large
numbers of youths brought to Christ under our teaching; these have
carried back a more intelligent piety and a severer standard of
morals. Such a result was to be expected, and, if the old churches
are to be purified and saved, is not to be regretted. In estimating
the good done, therefore, we must take into account not merely the
new churches planted, but the old ones enlightened and cleansed.
Our mission has been, and may be, largely to leaven the old, while
we build up, over the South, the churches and schools to serve as
lights and guides of the people into the new and nobler future. We
oppose nothing that is good; we come with no Northern name to
antagonize a Southern one; we come as a new spiritual force to help
all true churches, and all good people, in working out the problem of
the negro’s salvation. Our right to go, then, is the right to do good
as we have opportunity; is to take advantage of most favoring
circumstances for enlargement and usefulness.

GENERAL NOTES.

The Freedmen.

——A National Colored Convention met in Nashville, Tenn., May 6th,

and continued in session four days. It was a body thoroughly in
earnest and deeply impressed with a sense of the wrongs endured
by the people of whom they were the representatives from all parts
of the South. In an address to the country, adopted by them, they
speak as follows in regard to their political condition: “Wholly
unbiased by party considerations, we contemplate the lamentable
political condition of our people, especially in the South, with grave
and serious apprehensions for the future. Having been given the
ballot for the protection of our rights, we find, through systematic
intimidation, outrage, violence and murder, our votes have been
suppressed, and the power thus given us has been made a weapon
against us.” In regard to the recent emigration they say in the same
address: “The migration of the colored people now going on has
assumed such proportions as to demand the calm and deliberate
consideration of every thoughtful citizen of the country. It is the
result of no idle curiosity or disposition to evade labor. It proceeds
upon the assumption that there is a combination of well-planned and
systematic purposes to still further abridge their rights and reduce
them to a state of actual serfdom. If their labor is valuable it should
be respected. If it be demonstrated that it cannot command respect
in the South, there is one alternative, and that is to emigrate.”
At the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, at its recent
meeting at Saratoga, the report of the Committee on Missions for
Freedmen, contained the following items: receipts from churches,
$52,921.93; receipts from the State School funds, $4,246.00;
expenditures on account of missions, $40,360.27. There are 48
ordained missionaries (of whom 34 are colored), 9 licentiates, 25
catechists (all colored), and 58 teachers (of whom 36 are colored).
Eight churches were organized last year, and 1,215 communicants
were received. The whole number of communicants is 10,577. The
total amount paid for self-support by churches and schools is
$18,611.55. It was determined not to transfer this department to the
Home Missionary Board.

The Indians.
——Judge Dundy, of the U. S. Court at Omaha, has made a decision
which, if confirmed by the Circuit Court to which an appeal has been
taken, will greatly change the status of the Indians. It declares the
reservation plan a nullity, and that Indians cannot be held within
certain boundaries. It was made in regard to the Poncas, who were
removed two years ago against their will to the Indian Territory. A
small number returned this spring to Nebraska, where, though
peaceably engaged in agriculture, they were arrested by Gen. Crook
and taken back to the Territory. On a writ of habeas corpus, sued
out for their relief, the judge decided that the Indian is a “person”
within the meaning of the laws of the United States, and has rights
under the laws; that Indians possess the inherent right of
expatriation, as well as the white race, and have the inalienable right
to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, so long as they obey the
laws; that no rightful authority exists for removing by force any of
these Poncas to the Indian Territory, as Gen. Crook had been
directed to do, and that being unlawfully restrained of liberty, they
must be discharged. If this decision be confirmed and the principle
established, the results will be far-reaching.
——A prominent citizen of Southern Kansas asserts that not less
than 5,000 white persons are now in the Indian Territory. A despatch
from Independence, dated May 5, says: “Over 150 wagons passed
into the Indian Territory southwest of this point yesterday.”

The Chinese.

——Gen. Grant, in responding to a cordial reception given him by the

Chinese merchants of Penang, said that he never doubted, and no
one could doubt, that, in the end, no matter what agitation might for
the time being effect at home, the American people would treat the
Chinese with kindness and justice, and not deny to the free and
deserving people of that country the asylum they offer to the rest of
the world.
——The bill introduced into the Senate by Slater, of Oregon, seems
to be of some interest to the Chinaman in America. It provides that
after July 1, 1880, no Chinaman shall be allowed to “engage in,
carry on, or work at any manufacturing or mechanical business, or
to own or lease, carry on or work any mine, or to own or lease any
real estate for any other purpose than that of lawful commerce and
for places of residence.” As if this were not enough, the Chinaman is
forbidden to “work or engage to work as mechanic, artisan, laborer,
waiter, servant, cook, clerk or messenger, or in any other capacity or
at any other kind of labor, skilled or unskilled.” And there is a heavy
penalty inflicted upon the Chinaman or American citizen who violates
it. If such a bill should become a law there would be nothing left for
the Chinaman to do except to climb a tree and stay there.

Africa.

——The London Missionary Society has received advices dated Jan.

23d, from Mr. Dodgshun. Preparations for proceeding to the lake
from Kirasa were begun in June, 1878. Various delays have made
progress very slow, as lack of porters and war between Mirambo and
the Arabs, and Mr. D. had only then reached Unyanyembe.
Meanwhile, three of the six who set out in August, ’77, were left on
the field, and they the juniors of the expedition. Messrs. Hore and
Hutley are at Ujiji. Two students of the Society have been appointed
to join the force——Rev. W. Griffith and Mr. Southon, M. D. Dr.
Mullens, the Foreign Secretary of the Society, offered himself to lead
the new expedition. The Directors allowed him to go as far as
Zanzibar, hoping that it would not be necessary for him to go farther.
Central Africa seems yet to be a great way off.
——The following illustrates the exposure of African missionaries to
suspicion and violence: “At Mukondoku in Ugogo we were within an
ace of being attacked by over 100 of the natives, fully armed, and
thirsting for the blood of the white men. Their only ground of
complaint was that M. Broyon’s little child had lost a toy——an
indiarubber doll——in our camp, which they found, and persisted in
calling ‘medicine to ruin their country!’ When convinced that they
were wrong, and that we had not the slightest wish to injure them,
they only grew the more violent, and told the pagazi to leave us
alone that they might kill us. A heavy payment of cloth smoothed
the way for peace, but we fully expected to have to fight for our
lives, as we had not a single man to be depended on to stand by
us.”
——Mr. Mackay, of the C. M. S., at Lake Nyanza, writes that after his
two years’ march he found the goods of the expedition in safety, but
mixed in indiscriminate confusion. Ten days brought some order out
of this chaos. The engines are complete, and almost everything,
though divided into 70 lb. parcels for the journey of 700 miles, is at
hand and in place.
——Mr. Mackay speaks thus of the evil of intemperance in Africa:
“Oh, how often will I enter in my journal, as I pass through many
tribes, Drink is the curse of Africa! Useguha, Usagara, Ugogo,
Unyamwezi, Usukuma, Ukerewe, and Uganda too——go where you
will, you will find every week, and, when grain is plentiful, every
night, every man, woman and child, even to sucking infant, reeling
with the effects of alcohol. On this account chiefly I have become a
teetotaler on leaving the coast, and have continued so ever since. I
believe, also, that abstinence is the true secret of continued and
unimpaired health in the tropics. Whoever wishes to introduce
civilization into Africa, let a sina quâ non of the enterprise be that its
members be total abstainers.”
——The expedition, under Dr. Laus, to explore the west side of Lake
Nyassa, returned in December. Livingstonia is proving a city of
refuge to natives escaping from slavery. The health record is good.
——“In Western Africa the climate is still our great difficulty. It
cripples our work by prostrating our men. The Gambia Mission has
been almost entirely deprived of its Missionaries during the year
from this cause, and the River Mission has been obliged to be
suspended. The Committee would gladly diminish, if possible, these
risks, and improve the chances of health, and attention is being
given to this subject; but the need is being felt more and more
keenly every year of adequate and well-furnished institutions, in
which the African shall be trained to win Africa for Christ. The
education of the girls, the women of the future, is also most
desirable here.”——From the Annual Report of the Wesleyan
Missionary Society of Great Britain.
——The Church Missionary Society received last year $935,000, and
expended $1,020,000. The Wesleyan Missionary Society reports
receipts, $666,000; expenditures, $786,000.

OUR QUERY COLUMN.

1. How do you prevent truancy?
2. How do you prevent tardiness?
3. Do you allow anything but failures in lessons to be deducted from
scholarship?
4. What is your standard in scholarship for promotion?
5. How much time, and in what manner, do you devote to religious
exercises in schools wholly attended by resident pupils?

Answers to Queries in June Missionary.

Dr. Johnson’s Dictionary (Latham’s Edition, 1866-74, 4to, 4 vols.),

probably surpasses all others in the English book market.
Richardson’s is an accepted standard, especially in matters of
definition and derivation. Walker’s is still a standard in pronunciation.
Of American dictionaries, Webster’s leads in England.
Khedive is pronounced Kay-deeve.
So far as we know, Beaufort, S. C., alone is pronounced Bew-fort.
Other places of the name, Bo-fort.
 THE FREEDMEN.
REV. JOS. E. ROY, D. D.,
Field Superintendent, Atlanta, Ga.

THE HAMPTON ANNIVERSARY.

The Negro and the Indian——Co-Education of the Races——
Addresses by the Rev. Dr. Hoge, of Richmond, and
Secretary Carl Schurz, of Washington.
By the Editor.

More than the ordinary interest attaches this year to the anniversary
exercises of the Hampton Normal and Agricultural School, just held.
The experiment of negro education has been tried for the last 16
years, until it is no longer an unsolved problem, but one of which the
once unknown quantities have come to have an ascertained value.
But the question of the educability of the red man has been one not
so conspicuously settled. What has been accomplished in that
direction has been done so far away as not to have made much
impression on the American people. This year, the institution which
has done so much to prove the responsiveness of the negro to
educational training has been engaged in its first experiment with
the Indian. Of its success thus far there can be no shadow of a
doubt. The Indian boys are contented and making progress, and
coming steadily up to a plane on which they can pursue the regular
courses of study. It was said by many at the outset that the negro
and Indian races would not associate with each other, but the case is
as contrary to this as can be. The Indian boys at first seemed to be
somewhat discontented, and Gen. Armstrong found that they
wanted most of all to learn English. “Too much Indian talk,” they
said. He asked them in class one day how many of them would like
to room with the negro boys; every hand went up. He then went to
his senior class and asked them how many of them would be willing
to take in an Indian as a roommate, to help and teach him. A larger
number than was needed of his very best young men expressed
their willingness, and so, instead of standing aloof, the two races are
completely mixed in their rooms and at table, to their mutual
satisfaction. This is a notable element in the experiment. Some 12 of
the Indian boys have joined the church connected with the Institute.
Is it needful to say a word about the Hampton Institute itself?
Beautiful for situation it certainly is, with its front on the creek, and
only a narrow point of land separating it from the famed Hampton
Roads. Its buildings are simple but effective in their outline and
grouping. Virginia and Academic Halls, and the new wigwam——the
quarters prepared for the 70 Indian students; the cottages in which
the boys live, in families of 30 or more, largely self-governed; the
residences of the Principal and his assistants; and not least, the
great barn, sheltering a fine collection of blooded stock——and all
this on a farm of some 200 acres. It is but a few years since there
were only small and temporary barracks to accommodate the
applicants for admission; now about 200 negro and 70 Indian
students are well provided with dormitories, recitation-rooms and
workshops.
A creditable brass band, composed of students, greeted the visitors
with their cheering strains, well rendered, considering the short time
since practice was begun. Capt. Romeyne keeps the boys, both black
and red, in good military drill, and under firm, though kind,
government, and in their gray uniforms, cheap but comely, they
presented no mean appearance. Work and study are the order of
every day. The brightest and most inspiring teaching the writer ever
saw wakens the intellect to an eager activity; and work on farm and
in shop for the boys, in kitchen and laundry and with the knitting
machine for the girls, both teaches them how to labor, and enables
them to pay a considerable part of the expenses of their living.
The examinations, except of the graduating class, were not written,
but were oral, and on the plan of the daily recitations. The Indians
attracted perhaps the greatest attention from the many visitors, in
the conversation classes, which were conducted with rare tact and
skill. On a table was placed a mass of common plants and flowers.
One of the band of Indians brought only a few months ago by Capt.
Pratt was called up and asked to pick out some grass; its uses
brought out the words eat and horse, and sentences were formed of
these words. Beet, onion, potato and clover were selected in turn,
and their uses brought out by skillful questioning. Then, in another
lesson, working and earning money and spending it were illustrated,
and the language taught necessary to express these ideas. At the
other end of the gradation of studies were the very creditable
recitations of the graduating class of colored students in algebra,
history, physiology and other higher branches; nor would it do to
omit the class in teaching, where the seniors showed their skill in
interesting and instructing the little children of the Butler Normal
School.
In the afternoon the public exercises were held in Virginia Hall,
which was crowded to overflowing. The addresses were manly and
earnest; some of them quite forcible and free in thought and
expression, and dealing with questions affecting their race. It was
quite touching to see a black boy pleading for the extension of the
privileges of education to the Indian, and one of the features of
interest was a simple story of his home life in Indian Territory by an
Indian youth. Music by the band, by a select few, and by the whole
school, relieved the speaking.
But we must not forget to give the prominence due them to the
visitors of the day. Most conspicuous among them was the
delegation of Indians, in blankets and feathers, from Washington.
Little Chief and six warriors with him of the Northern Chippewas
were persuaded to come down to see what was being done for the
boys of their own race. Just how they were impressed by it all, it is
impossible to say, as their faces were covered with their blankets
most of the time, and they acted like a group of shy old women.
Probably they were a good deal bored, though they gave signs of
occasional amusement. But there were other visitors of note. Chief
among these were Secretaries Schurz and McCrary, of the
President’s Cabinet; Senator Saunders and Representative Pound, of
Wisconsin; ex-President Mark Hopkins, of Williams College; the Rev.
Dr. Plumer, of Charleston, S. C., and the Rev. Dr. Hoge, of Richmond;
the Rev. Dr. Armstrong of Norfolk, Va., and Judge Lafayette S. Foster,
of Connecticut. After the diplomas had been presented to the
graduating class by the Rev. Dr. Strieby, of this city, President of the
Board of Trustees, Dr. Hoge was called upon to address the
graduating class, and among other things said:
“It has been my lot to attend a good many college
commencements, but I never attended one in all my life
where so much honor and encouragement were given to
those connected with an institution as to-day. Two
members of the Cabinet of the United States, the
President of the youngest university of the United States,
and which bids fair to be one of the grandest (President
Gilman, of the Johns Hopkins University), judges of our
courts, eminent professional men, and two of the most
venerable gentlemen on this continent, Dr. Plumer and Dr.
Hopkins——Massachusetts and South Carolina uniting to-
day to give encouragement to this institution and to the
labors of those who are so nobly carrying out its objects.
“I cannot stand here to-day in this historic latitude without
some profound emotions. I should not be a Virginian if I
did. I cannot stand in sight of Fortress Monroe without
remembering our fallen fortunes. The last two summers I
have been abroad, and I have come back believing that
there is no land which God has so smiled upon as this
country. We have no need so great as of a stable
government. I do not mean of force. No government can
be stronger than the love of the people for it. You may put
great iron bands upon it, but there will be a centrifugal
power which will burst them. There must be centripetal
 force powerful enough to attract the people together in it.
If our Government is to be like that, may the Lord smile
upon it and perpetuate it to the last syllable of time.
“All my life long I have been a friend to one of the classes
represented here, and now I am grateful that this
institution has extended its protecting wing over another. I
have been something of a student of races. I could occupy
the remainder of the day in telling you of the good
qualities of the African race; and there has always been a
great deal that has touched my heart in the character of
the Indian people——their love for their ancestral lands,
their reverence for the bones of their forefathers, that
decorous reserve which gives such dignity to their
bearing. One thing which I have always admired in them
is this, that when a war is over, they never talk about the
war that is fought. It is not considered magnanimous in an
Indian to taunt a fallen foe. It seems to me that in our
popular assemblies and in other assemblies it might be
well to imitate the Indian, and not talk too much about
the war.
“The Indian who told us the story of his life at home said
something that went straight to my heart. He didn’t say it
very forcibly, but the force was in the thing he said. Time
was, he told us, when he did not know anything about his
soul or his salvation. One end of this institution is to make
the poor Indian acquainted with the things which shall
help him see God, not in the clouds, but in the face of
Jesus Christ; and to hear him, not in the winds, but in the
still small voice of the Spirit, speaking peace to his soul.”
The Doctor closed with calling attention to goodness as the greatest
element of success; that no man can afford to succeed by sacrificing
it; illustrating it by reference to a humble girl who came during the
yellow fever scourge to nurse the sick, and who died a victim to its
poisons, and by the life of a colored Baptist minister who recently
died in Richmond.
The Hon. Carl Schurz, Secretary of the Interior, was called upon to
follow. He began thus:
“I respond to this call not to prolong the exercises of the
day, nor for purposes of debate. I do not intend to discuss
the war. I am glad it is over. I only desire to bear
testimony that of all the speakers of the day, not one has
alluded to the war save in a most innocent way, and they
were the Indian and the reverend gentleman who is, I am
sure, a most peaceable member of the church militant. As
to the manner in which civil wars should be treated, he
and I do not disagree.
“My heart is elated with this spectacle to-day. Reference
has been made to the fact that two Cabinet officers are
present. I assure you that we did not come here for
purposes of amusement, but to witness elements in the
solution of one of the most difficult and dangerous
problems of our day——the problem of blending two
races, one of which has been in subjection and the other
in hostility. We are all filled with feelings of admiration and
gratitude to Gen. Armstrong and his co-workers here; to
the State of Virginia, which, by its generous aid, renders a
service to itself not only and to the colored people, but to
this whole country; and to the benevolent people North
and South, in Massachusetts and in South Carolina. In this
I see the real end of the war and the inauguration of true
peace. If I look back with satisfaction on anything in my
official career, it is that I have been instrumental in aiding
such a work. I am happy to know that the experiment is a
success; and I assure you that so far as the means and
power of my department go, nothing shall be left undone
to strengthen and enlarge the experiment. The time has
gone when the Indian can live on buffalo meat and give
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