QUESTION BANK
CLASS - XITH
SUBJECT – INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER – 4 RDBMS
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of an RDBMS?
o a) Data is stored in tables
o b) Data is stored in files
o c) Data is stored in a single document
o d) Data is stored in rows and columns only
Answer: a) Data is stored in tables
2. What does RDBMS stand for?
o a) Random Data Base Management System
o b) Relational Database Management System
o c) Relational Data Base Model System
o d) Random Data Model System
Answer: b) Relational Database Management System
3. Which SQL statement is used to retrieve data from a database?
o a) INSERT
o b) SELECT
o c) DELETE
o d) UPDATE
Answer: b) SELECT
4. Which of the following is NOT a key feature of an RDBMS?
o a) Supports tables with rows and columns
o b) Enforces data integrity
o c) Supports one-to-many relationships
o d) Stores data in hierarchical structure
Answer: d) Stores data in hierarchical structure
5. Which of the following is the correct relationship between two tables in an
RDBMS?
o a) Primary Key and Foreign Key
o b) Primary Key and Unique Key
o c) Foreign Key and Normal Key
o d) None of the above
Answer: a) Primary Key and Foreign Key
Short Answer Questions
1. What is the primary key in an RDBMS?
o Answer: A primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a database
table. It ensures that each row can be uniquely identified and that no two
rows have the same primary key value.
2. Explain the concept of a Foreign Key.
o Answer: A foreign key is a column or a group of columns in a table that links
to the primary key of another table. It establishes and enforces a link
between the data in the two tables, ensuring referential integrity.
3. What is normalization in RDBMS?
o Answer: Normalization is the process of organizing the fields and tables of a
relational database to minimize redundancy and dependency. It involves
dividing large tables into smaller ones and defining relationships between
them.
4. What is the purpose of SQL in RDBMS?
o Answer: SQL (Structured Query Language) is used for managing and
manipulating relational databases. It allows users to create, read, update,
and delete data from a database (CRUD operations).
5. What is a database schema?
o Answer: A database schema is the structure that defines the organization of
data in a database. It includes the definitions of tables, views, indexes,
relationships, and other elements within the database.
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the differences between a primary key and a foreign key in an RDBMS.
o Answer:
A primary key is a column or set of columns that uniquely identifies
each row in a table. It cannot contain NULL values and must be
unique for each record.
A foreign key is a column or set of columns in a table that links to the
primary key of another table. It can have NULL values and is used to
establish a relationship between two tables.
The primary key ensures entity integrity, while the foreign key
ensures referential integrity between related tables.
2. Describe the different types of relationships in RDBMS.
o Answer: There are three main types of relationships in RDBMS:
One-to-One (1:1): A record in one table is associated with exactly one
record in another table.
One-to-Many (1:M): A record in one table can be associated with
multiple records in another table, but each record in the second table
is associated with only one record from the first table.
Many-to-Many (M:M): Multiple records in one table can be
associated with multiple records in another table. This is typically
implemented through a junction table.
3. Explain the process of data normalization with examples of the first three normal
forms.
o Answer:
First Normal Form (1NF): The table is in 1NF if it contains only atomic
(indivisible) values, and each record has a unique identifier (primary
key). Example: A table with student names and courses should be
split so that each row has one student-course pair.
Second Normal Form (2NF): The table is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and all
non-key attributes are fully dependent on the primary key. Example:
If a table has student ID, student name, and course name, the
student name should be moved to a separate table to ensure all
attributes depend on the student ID.
Third Normal Form (3NF): The table is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and there
is no transitive dependency. Example: If a table contains student ID,
student name, and instructor name, the instructor name should be
moved to a separate table to avoid transitive dependency through
the student ID.
4. What is the role of SQL constraints in RDBMS?
o Answer: SQL constraints are used to specify the rules for data in a table to
ensure data integrity and accuracy. The main types of SQL constraints are:
NOT NULL: Ensures that a column cannot have NULL values.
UNIQUE: Ensures all values in a column are distinct.
PRIMARY KEY: Combines the NOT NULL and UNIQUE constraints to
uniquely identify each row in a table.
FOREIGN KEY: Ensures referential integrity by linking a column in one
table to the primary key in another table.
CHECK: Ensures that values in a column meet a specific condition.
5. What are the advantages of using RDBMS?
o Answer:
Data Integrity: RDBMS ensures that data is consistent, accurate, and
follows the rules defined in the schema.
Security: RDBMS provides security features, such as user
authentication and authorization, to protect data.
Efficiency: With indexing and query optimization, RDBMS improves
the performance of data retrieval.
Scalability: RDBMS can handle large amounts of data and can scale
horizontally or vertically.
Flexibility: RDBMS allows easy data manipulation through SQL,
making it easy to insert, update, and delete records.
Case Study-Based Questions
1. Case Study: A company wants to keep track of employees and their departments.
Each employee works in one department, and each department can have many
employees. The company wants to ensure that each employee is associated with a
valid department.
Question: Identify the appropriate relationship between the employees and departments
and suggest how it can be implemented using foreign keys.
o Answer: The relationship between employees and departments is one-to-
many (1:M), where one department can have many employees, but each
employee belongs to only one department. This can be implemented by
creating a foreign key in the employee table that references the primary key
of the department table.
2. Case Study: A school maintains a database that records students, courses, and
enrollments. Each student can enroll in multiple courses, and each course can
have multiple students.
Question: What type of relationship is this, and how should the database be structured to
accommodate this?
o Answer: The relationship is many-to-many (M:M). This can be
accommodated by creating three tables: one for students, one for courses,
and a third table (enrollment) that links students to courses using foreign
keys referencing the primary keys of the student and course tables.
3. Case Study: A library database tracks books, authors, and publishers. Each book is
written by one or more authors, and each book is published by a single publisher.
Question: Explain the relationships between books, authors, and publishers and how they
can be represented in an RDBMS.
o Answer: The relationships are as follows:
Books to Authors: Many-to-many (M:M), as a book can have multiple
authors and an author can write multiple books. This can be
represented by creating an intermediary table (book_authors).
Books to Publishers: One-to-many (1:M), as each book is published
by one publisher, but a publisher can publish many books.
4. Case Study: A company uses a database to track employee attendance. Each
employee’s attendance is recorded daily, and each record includes the employee’s
ID, the date, and their status (present/absent).
Question: How would you structure this data in a relational database, and which keys
would you use to maintain data integrity?
o Answer: The attendance data can be structured in an attendance table with
columns for employee ID (foreign key), date, and attendance status. The
employee ID would be a foreign key referencing the employee table’s
primary key, and the date column should be unique for each employee to
prevent duplicate records for the same day.
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