37.
Skull Principles and Cases
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1. - General anesthesia not used What are the two main reasons there are subopti-
- Positioning errors mal skull images in practice?
2. - Dental conditions What is radiology imaging "ok" for in the skull?
- Ear conditions
- Soft tissue swellings and external
masses
- Upper airways
3. CT What is superior for imaging the skull?
4. lateral and ventrodorsal What views are considered mandatory baselines for
any head study?
5. Lateral What view do you always start with for the head?
6. Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity What should an open mouth maxillary view be used
to evaluate?
7. Standard VD What view is this?
8. Open mouth maxillary What view is this?
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37. Skull Principles and Cases
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9. Open Mouth Maxillary What is considered the "money view" for the nasal
cavity?
10. Isolates maxilla from mandible and Why is the open mouth maxillary view the best view
tongue for the nasal cavity?
11. Frontal view What view gives you the best look for frontal sinus-
es?
12. Frontal What view is this?
13. - Right side nasal opacity Describe some radiographic findings of this image
- Mild opacity right frontal sinus
- cribriform, maxillary plates intact
- left side ok
14. - Little or no osseous destruction What are some trends associated with rhinitis?
- Focal ST opacity
- Lack of sinus involvement
15. - Destruction of surrounding bones What are some trends associated with neoplasia?
- ST opacity entire ipsilateral nasal cav-
ity
- Sinus involvement
16. What are some causes of soft tissue or fluid opacity
in sinuses?
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37. Skull Principles and Cases
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- Extension of tumor
- Sinusitis
- Obstruction (mucus buildup)
17. Global lysis 3 yr old dog with chronic rhinorrhea - identify the
type of lysis demonstrated by #1?
18. Punctate lysis 3 yr old dog with chronic rhinorrhea - identify the
type of lysis demonstrated by #2?
19. Soft tissue What CT window is this?
20. Conchal destruction and mass Describe what findings you would see with an As-
pergilloma
21. Cribriform plate intact What are the black arrows indicating?
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22. Soft tissue What CT window is this?
23. Bone window What CT window is this?
24. Epithelial 2/3 of nasal tumors are what?
25. Mesenchymal 1/3 of nasal tumors are what?
26. Dogs Nasal sarcoma tumors are more common in cats or
dogs?
27. Cats Nasal lymphoma tumors are more common in cats
or dogs?
28. Dilated
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37. Skull Principles and Cases
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Describe the nasopharynx in this 6 yr old DSH with
wheezing, abnormal purring, snores when sleep-
ing.
29. Auditory tube or bulla Where do nasopharyngeal polyps originate from?
30. Sinonasal inflammation What are nasopharyngeal polyps normally accom-
panied by?
31. Cranial mandibular osteopathy What is the diagnosis for this 9 mo old setter mix
with swollen, painful mandibles?
32. Terriers What breed is cranial mandibular osteopathy
mainly seen in?
33. Smoothly marginated What type of periosteal response is seen with cra-
nial mandibular osteopathy?
34. - Lysis of compact bone surrounding Describe the radiographic findings of this image of
PM 4 a 5 yr GSD with draining tract rostral to orbit.
- Wide periodontal space
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37. Skull Principles and Cases
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35. #1 - Left Indicate which number is left and which is right.
#2 - Right
36. Lower Dental radiography machines have ___ output than
conventional machines
37. detail/resolution Dental images have a small field of view and are
high ______
38. Otitis media/interna
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