Exp 0002
Exp 0002
SAP AG
SAP AG
SAPBusiness Workflowwill be
implemented at your enterprise. Your
task is to ensure that the Human Resource
department meets the implementation
prerequisites.
SAPAG
SAP AG
Manages
Describes
Reports to
Is subordinate to
etc...
SAP AG
Organizational management is based on the idea of representing each element within an organization as
a separate object with its own, individual characteristics. Such objects are created and maintained
individually. They are then linked to each other by relationships (see above) to form a network that is
flexible enough to facilitate personnel planning, forecasts, and evaluations.
Admin.Assist.
R
Admin.Assist.
SAP AG
The organizational plan provides a way of representing the Human Resource environment at your
enterprise as a structure. It is both dynamic and complete. All information is fully integrated but
maintained in separate infotypes. You can decide to create an organizational plan for your entire
enterprise, or just a small section or department.
The organizational structure constitutes the hierarchy that exists among the various
organizational entities at your enterprise. You create an organizational structure by creating and
maintaining organizational units, which you then relate to each other.
The reporting structure identifies the chain of command, or authority structure, that exists at
your enterprise. You create a reporting structure by creating and maintaining positions.
Staff assignments constitute the assignment of positions to organizational units, and the
relationships between positions and persons. You create staff assignments by copying a position
from a job, assigning the position to an organizational unit, and assigning a holder to the position.
The job index contains the various jobs at your enterprise. You create a job index by creating and
maintaining jobs.
The work center index contains the various work centers at your enterprise. You create a work
center index by creating and maintaining work centers.
The task catalog contains the tasks performed by the employees at your enterprise. The catalog
can also identify sets of tasks that are routinely performed together. You create a task catalog by
creating and maintaining tasks and then, if necessary, relating them to each other.
Object Types
SAP AG
Organizational Units
Executive Board
Organizational units
describe the various
business units at your
enterprise.
Several organizational HR Finance
units with
corresponding
relationships constitute
an organizational
structure.
Examples:
By function
By geographical region
R
By business process
SAP AG
Organizational units can be defined loosely in accordance with functional or regional criteria, or
more specifically as special project groups, depending on your enterprise.
Organizational units must be related to each other in an organizational plan. These relationships give
rise to the hierarchical structure of your enterprise.
Example:
In the above example, the HR organizational unit is superior to its two subordinate objects, Payroll
and Benefits.
Jobs
Secretary Buyer
Head of Department
SAP AG
Each job is a unique description of a job at your enterprise. When jobs are created, their tasks and
requirements are taken into consideration.
Jobs are used in the following components:
Job and Position Description
Shift Planning
Personnel Cost Planning
Career and Succession Planning
Note:
Your job descriptions should be as general as possible and as detailed as necessary.
Positions
Positions are specific to
Positions are the your enterprise
concrete representation
of jobs. They are held More than one position can
by individuals at your be based on the same job
enterprise.
Each position typically
represents one employee,
but may be partially filled
by more than one
Job:
Head of
Dept.
Position:
Position: HoD: HR
HoD: Purchasing
R
Position:
HoD: Sales
SAP AG
Once you have created a job, you must define the number of positions required at your enterprise.
A position inherits the job’s tasks, and can also be assigned its own additional tasks.
Positions can be 100% staffed, partially staffed, or vacant.
Example:
Jobs are not staffed by employees. That is the role of positions. If jobs must be performed by more
than one person, more than one position must be created to meet this requirement. A position can
also be shared by more than one employee, each of them assigned in part to the position. For
example, one employee can be 60% assigned, and another 40% assigned to the same position.
Tasks
Determines
sales quotas
Maintains production
shift schedules
SAP AG
Work Centers
Restrictions
Work centers describe the
Health examination
physical locations where
tasks are performed requirements
Examples:
Word processing,
21st floor
Welding,
central plant
SAP AG
Work centers describe specific physical locations where work is performed. They are equipped for
this purpose.
A work center can be a general location, such as a branch office in Philadelphia or subsidiary in
Singapore, or a precisely defined location, such as a specific work center with specific equipment in a
specific building. This kind of work center definition is useful in a factory or plant, for example.
Several positions can share one work center. For example, the reception work center can be assigned
to two positions held be employees assigned to different shifts.
Once you have created work centers, you can describe their characteristics. For example, you can
assign restrictions such as this work center is not suitable for physically challenged persons, or
determine that specific health examinations must be carried out on a regular basis.
Note:
If you also want to use a work center in Logistics, its characteristics specific to production are
assigned within the Logistics application component.
A d d itio n a l O b je c t T y p e s
O n c e y o u h a v e c r e a te d y o u r o r g a n iz a tio n a l p la n u s in g
th e fiv e b a s ic o b je c t ty p e s , y o u c a n c r e a te a d d itio n a l
o b je c t ty p e s to c o m p le te th e r e p r e s e n ta tio n o f
y o u r e n te r p r is e
C o s t c e n te r
P e rs o n
Q u a lific a tio n s C o s t c e n te r
U ser
Q u a lific a tio n s
B u s in e s s e v e n t ty p e
e tc .... R
P e rs o n
SAP AG
S O Org. unit
Position
S Position
C Job
S Position T T
Task Task
S S R
Position Position
SAP AG
The relationships between basic object types are defined in the standard system and should not be
changed.
Each standard relationship has a three-digit code. The customer namespace is from AAA to ZZZ.
Relationships between objects are reciprocal. If a job describes a position, for example, then the position
is described by the job. When you assign a relationship, the system automatically creates its inverse
relationship. This enables you to carry out reporting from either perspective.
Board Relationship
A/B 002
Finance Controlling HR
R
SAP AG
Relationship
Administrative assistant
A/B 007
for marketing department
Administrative assistant
for executive board
Job:
administrative
assistant
Administrative assistant
for research department
R
SAP AG
Relationship
A/B 003 R
SAP AG
Positions must be linked to an organizational unit. However, if you want to view the position hierarchy,
you must create a reporting structure by relating positions to each other.
An organizational unit can incorporate one or more positions. A position belongs to an organizational
unit.
Example:
The organizational unit "Personnel" incorporates the positions "Head of Department" and
"Secretary".
The position "Secretary" belongs to the organizational unit "Personnel".
SAP AG
The relationships between positions form the reporting structure, which can be evaluated independently
of the organizational structure.
Note:
It is a good idea to create a reporting structure if it differs from the hierarchical structure of the
departments at your enterprise.
Person
Holder
relationship
Position
User
SAP AG
Data Model
reports to/
is line
supervisor Cost Center Allocation
of
Organizational
Unit belongs to Cost Center
Cost Center
incorporates
Allocation
is described
belongs to
by
describes incorporates
is described
Job by is described Position Work Center
by occupies
Holder
describes describes
Task Person/User
R
SAP AG
You can enhance the existing data model in Customizing. For example, you can define new
relationships between object types.
Infotypes
Object characteristics are maintained in infotypes
s
mppllees
Exxaam
E
Maaiinn icss
M
tc
Object h a
a r
r a
a cctteerriissti
cch Organizational unit, position,
job
Relationships belongs to, reports to
tioonnaall
AAddddiiti rissttiiccss
ctteeri
cchhaarraac
SAP AG
.:
00
01 Current plan
AS Acquisition scenario
DS Downsizing scenario
FY Fiscal year-end scenario
TP Performance plan
25 Plan version 25
SAP AG
You can maintain any number of plan versions. One of these plan versions represents the active
organizational plan, and is flagged as the active integration plan version.
Plan versions exist independently of each other. They can be created as copies of the original plan,
which you then change and re-evaluate without modifying the valid plan.
Each new plan version is assigned a unique, two-character, alphanumeric identification code.
You can determine the current plan version for each individual session, or generally using the user
parameters (POP).
Examples of organizational structure scenarios:
Restructuring
Downsizing
Expansion
Outsourcing
1
Active Submitted Time
Rejected
Approved
Dec. 2002
31 R
SAP AG
The status indicator enables you to optimize your planning process. Objects in plan versions can pass
through a planning cycle that finally activates or rejects them.
The validity period enables you to determine, for example, that a position only exists for a specific
length of time. If an object is delimited, its relationships and characteristics are also delimited
automatically.
Time constraints enable you to control system reactions in accordance with the requirements of your
enterprise. If you want a position to report to more than one superior, for example, you can adjust the
time constraint so that more than one relationship is allowed.
The following time constraint classes are available:
0: The information must be available for the entire duration of an object's existence,
and it cannot be changed.
1: The information must be available for the entire duration of an object's existence,
but it can be changed.
2: The information is optional, but can only exist once within any period.
3: The information is optional, and more than one record can exist simultaneously
within any period.
Methods - Planning
Organizational Management enables you to get a clear
picture of your organization in the past, present,
and future. Using this information, you can prepare for
and react to future HR requirements and changes.
Present Future
SAP AG
An enterprise’s organizational structure is displayed on the left side of the graphic as it currently exists.
Using the Organizational Management application component, any type of enterprise restructuring or
reorganization can be planned and then reproduced in the system.
SAP AG
Board
Manufacturing
Organizational HR
Production plan Overall view view
Marketing
SAP Business
Sales: USA
Workflow HR
Sales: Europe users users
Account Enter notification of absence
Approved Rejected
Set No Yes
Planning
Deleted Revised
No Yes
Administration
Characteristics
Complete workflow
Workflow
completed
Finance
SAP AG
Simple maintenance uses a tree structure, which enables you to quickly and easily create a basic
framework for your organizational plan.
When you use simple maintenance, different initial screens enable you to access different functions.
The Organizational Plan window enables you to
Create and maintain your organizational structure
Add jobs and positions to the organizational structure
Assign tasks to jobs and positions
Create a reporting structure
In the Account Assignment window, you assign cost centers to your organizational units and
positions.
In the Characteristics window, you can assign the most important information to your objects.
Simple maintenance is intended for workflow users and HR users, which means you have a choice of
two views. The overall view enables users to access all functions required by workflow. The HR view
restricts access to the areas relevant to Human Resources.
Administrative
assistant,
sales: Mexico Step 4: Create Step 3: Create
positions jobs
Administrative
assistant
MO TU WE TH FR SA SU
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
R
28 29 30 31
Cost ctr 1002
Tasks: word processing,
scheduling meetings, answering phone Lisa Thompson
SAP AG
If you want to create an organizational plan in Simple Maintenance, the first step is to create a root
organizational unit. You can then create all of the subordinate organizational units.
You can create organizational units and jobs in any order. However, they must exist before you can
create their positions.
Tasks are assigned on the basis of jobs and positions.
You assign cost centers to organizational units and positions.
In the final step, you assign holders to positions, not to jobs.
Executive
Board
SAP AG
If you want to create a new organizational plan, you start by creating a root organizational unit. This is
the highest unit within an organizational structure, such as the Executive Board. You then build the
organizational structure below the root organizational unit, that is, downwards.
The date entered on the initial screen is used as the default validity period for all of the objects and
relationships you create.
SAP AG
Starting from the root organizational unit, you create additional subordinate organizational units. In the
above example, the Executive Board is the superordinate object, and the Manufacturing and Production,
Marketing and Sales, Human Resources, and Finance departments are the subordinate objects.
If you create organizational units in Simple Maintenance, the system determines the appropriate
relationship depending on where you place the organizational unit in the structure. The relationship
record is created automatically.
Personnel Dev.
SAP AG
If you want to change the assignment of an organizational unit within the organizational structure, you
can move it. Moving an organizational unit changes the relationships between the organizational units.
In other words, you change relationship infotype records by delimiting the current record and creating a
new one.
If you want to change the short or long text, use the Rename function.
The following functions are also available:
Delete objects and relationships
Delimit objects and relationships
Determine the sequence of organizational units
You can display or hide further information such as the object abbreviation, validity period, and ID.
Administrative
Staff
assistant
assignments
Validity period
04.01.1998 - 12.31.9999
SAP AG
Organizational unit
u Sales: Mexico
Position
SAP AG
A fundamental concept in Organizational Management is that all positions must be related with a
job.This enables a position to inherit the attributes of the job, which considerably reduces the amount of
time required for data entry.
Once a job has been created, it can be used as a template for positions. The system automatically creates
the relationship records between the positions and jobs. The name of the job is used as the default name
of the position.
You can create more than one position at the same time. The same name is assigned to all of the
positions created this way.
Unlike jobs, positions are assigned directly to organizational units.
SAP AG
A chief position is a position designated as the leader of a particular organizational unit. You are not
obliged to designate chief positions. If you decide to designate chief positions, the system creates a
relationship between the organizational unit and position.
The following functions are available:
Rename
Move
Delete and delimit objects and relationships
Determine the order of positions
Note:
Designating a position as the chief position is for information purposes only. Chief positions can be
evaluated in Structural Graphics. If you want to create a reporting structure, you must access Detail
Maintenance or use the reporting structure function within Simple Maintenance.
Tip:
If you intend to create a reporting structure for your positions, you must define the chief position
in the reporting structure.
SAP AG
You can relate positions with each other to create a reporting structure.
The reporting structure can be created within an organizational unit or across a number of organizational
units.
Job
Task
Administrative Organizational unit
Task
assistant,
sales: Mexico
Task
Task
Task
Task
WF
HR
Task catalog
R
SAP AG
For the purposes of Human Resource Management, tasks are individual duties and responsibilities
carried out by employees.
All tasks are included in a task catalog. You can create individual tasks, or task groups. Individual tasks
are single activities, such as 'answer telephone calls', 'create departmental budget', 'check equipment' and
so on. Task groups describe activities that are regularly performed together.
The tasks assigned to a job are inherited by its position. The task profile enables you to display all of the
tasks assigned to a position.
If necessary, you can assign a weighting to your tasks. Weightings enable you to enter recommended
time divisions for a job. For example, the job of secretary could be subdivided as follows: word
processing 75%; answering the telephone 10%; filing 10%; organizing business trips 5%.
Special tasks are used for workflow. They represent executable activities in the R/3 System, such as
entering an employee's payroll data. They always relate to an SAP business object.
If necessary, tasks can also be assigned directly to users.
Cost center:
Executive executive
board
Board
Cost center:
admin./HR
Human
Finance
Resources Cost center:
Cost center: production
sales
Cost center:
finance
SAP AG
You assign cost centers to your organizational units. Subordinate organizational units automatically
inherit the cost center assigned to the superordinate organizational unit unless you maintain different
cost centers specifically for them.
The cost center assignment is also inherited by the positions and, therefore, by all of the employees
assigned to this organizational unit.
In exceptional circumstances, a cost center can be assigned directly to a position.
Note:
If integration with HR master data is active, the cost center is only ever maintained using the
organizational plan.
Type P Person
SAP AG
40 hrs. 40 hrs.
100% staffed
12 hrs.
20 hrs..
100% = 20 hrs.
30% = 12 hrs.
40 hrs. 20 hrs.
40 hrs. Position is
R
“overstaffed”
SAP AG
Persons can staff a position in full or in part, depending on the number of working hours assigned to the
position and the work capacity of the person.
The staffing percentage refers to the percentage of the person’s work capacity that is assigned to a
position.
If the percentage of a person’s work capacity exceeds the requirements of the position, the position is
overstaffed. If the working hours required by the position are not provided by one or more persons, the
position is understaffed.
occupies
Org. unit
belongs to
Cost center
assignment
Cost Center
SAP AG
Recruitment
Capacity Planning Shift Planning
Personnel Cost
HRIS R
Planning
SAP AG
The Organizational Management application component is an integral part of the R/3 System.
For example, you must create an organizational plan in Organizational Management before using the
Personnel Cost Planning application component. The Personnel Cost Planning application component
is a planning tool used to project personnel costs on the basis of existing and planned organizational
units.
Shift Planning is used to schedule the optimum number of appropriately qualified personnel on the
basis of job requirements.
Capacity Planning - which is a Logistics application component - is used to schedule persons on the
basis of their availability and qualifications to complete work for specific work centers.
Training and Event Management enables enterprises to organize and schedule training events and
conventions. Employees and organizational units, for example, can be booked as internal attendees.
Personnel Development enables you to plan and execute training and job-related activities on the basis
of your enterprise's personnel requirements and your employees' training needs and aspirations. Such
activities help to promote the personnel development of individual employees.
The organizational assignment of an employee is derived from his or her situation within the
organizational plan and related cost center assignment.
The Human Resources Information System (HRIS) enables you to perform simplified reporting for
employee data in the organizational plan.
SAP AG