Digital Mobile Radio

Via Ponte Nuovo, 8 - 20128 Milano — Italy

Tel. +39.02.36514205 - FAX/Voicebox +39.1782242408
[email protected] - www.radioactivity-tlc.com
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

DMR: an open ETSI standard

ETSI STD
∞ DMR standard (ETSI TS 102 361) has been defined
in ETSI environment, by a working group composed by
main PMR equipment manifacturers worldwide.

∞ Digital Mobile Radio is able to give “added value” to

current analog systems and at the same time it grants a
gradual migration between the two technologies,
safeguarding investiments and specific existing
operational requirements.
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

The digital radio

ETSI STD Data signals are directly

transmitted and otherwise
The radio “marked” by audio signals

data
I/O Sync Digital C C C C C C C C
data protocol TX H H H H H H H H
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Tempo

Compressed
A/D Vocoder audio
audio
Digitized
audio The digital transmitter is activated
during the timeslots allocated to
Audio signal is is converted to the working channel
digital format, compressed and
then "packed" in the digital
transmission channel
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Two TDMA channels in 12,5 kHz bandwidth

Audio/data channels are managed
by two timeslots sequences, 12.5KHz
ETSI STD
working in TDMA mode (Time
The radio Division Multiple Access), sharing CH3 CH1
the same radio channel with
2 CH TDMA 12,5KHz bandwidth. CH4 CH2
30ms Frequency
7.5KHz 7.5KHz

C C C C C C C C Two contemporary
and indipendent
H H H H H H H H communications on
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 the same frequency
carrier
Time
The two audio/data channel are
perfectly separated and indipendent
each other, as if they were operating
in a conventional manner on different
Group 1 Group 2 frequency carriers.
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Two TDMA channels in 12,5 kHz bandwidth

ETSI STD DMR system can coexist with 12.5KHz

conventional analogical systems on
The radio adjacent channels, without any CH1
performance loss of each of CH3
2 CH TDMA systems. CH2
Frequency
7.5KHz 7.5KHz

Spectral efficiency of DMR system

is 1CH/6.25 KHz, the same as
TETRA and double compared to
conventional systems.

Note: DMR system allows direct communication between mobile

terminals. In this case only 1 channel in 12.5KHz is available because
the repeater/network synchronization is missing.
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Two TDMA channels in 12,5 kHz bandwidth

Just one radio device (only 1 TX) provides 2 channels without any RF
ETSI STD coupling system, this giving:

The radio ∞Lower plant costs

∞Lower consumption
2 CH TDMA ∞Greater available power
freq 2

Group 2
TX CH1
freq 1
TX CH2
+ Group 1
Same
frequency
2 conventional channels

TS 1 TS 2
∞ The mobile terminals are TX CH1+CH2
active only for the 50% of time 2 DMR channels
=> longer battery life
Group 1 Group 2
∞ No intermodulation problems
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Digital modulation

ETSI STD ∞ The employed digital modulation is 4FSK (Four-level Frequency

Shift Key), the best for PMR communications.
The radio ∞ Information bits are transmitted in pairs, each pair assigned to
a frequency shift.
2 CH TDMA
∞ Transitions between a status and the following one (that is
4FSK between a pair of bits and the following) are continue and
“smoothed” by a filter which reduces high frequency components.
∞ The shape filter is a “Raised Cosine” function.
1.5
1.096

Central frequency
ggk

sinx_xxk
0.5
(not transmitted) 7K60FXE
0

+0,648 kHz
− 0.216
− 0.5
−4 −2 0 2 4
−4
tt k ⋅
1 3.875 -1,944 kHz +1,944 kHz
T .s

Impulse shape vs. time

11 10 00 01 Frequency
4FSK
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Constant envelope modulation

ETSI STD ∞ Frequency modulation has constant envelope (unlike the TETRA
wich do not have a constant envelope)
The radio ∞ Transmitters are very similar to their traditional analogical
version, because expensive linearization techniques are not needed:
2 CH TDMA
they can work in saturation (clipping) mode (C class o superior)
4FSK with very low consumption => solar panels can be used
∞ Modulator must have a flat band between 0 and 5KHz

FM modulating signal Modulator is transparent

for audio signals and
digital signals
Tempo

RF signal

FM modulator
“flat” 0-5KHz Time
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Uplink – downlink RF budget

The up-link has 5 to 15 dB less budget
ETSI STD than the down-link: the mobiles have
Base station
more difficult into the network access
The radio

2 CH TDMA
Radiated Power
4FSK +40..+43 dBm Radiated Power
+30..+37 dBm
About 3..+10 dB
sensitivity decrease

Industrial noise
Strong signals from
broadcast/GSM stations

The diversity reception can

increase the uplink RF budget
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Soft diversity reception

The two received vector signals can be combined by an

ETSI STD antenna to obtain the vectorial sum.
The radio By digital ri-phasing, it is possible to achieve the modulus
sum of the two vectors.
2 CH TDMA
The mean (statistic) gain over the noise is 3 dB, it produces
4FSK a benefit of lowering 10 times the B.E.R.
Q Q

Vectorial digital
ri-phased sum
Vectorial sum A2

A1
A1

I I

A2
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Soft diversity reception

Soft diversity dramatically decreases the B.E.R. during fading
ETSI STD events
Vectorial sum=null
The radio

2 CH TDMA
Reflected rays
4FSK
Vectorial sum≠null

PSM
:
V in_OK
V in_KO
DSP
TX
:
UNLK
RX
:
BUSY N
UNLK 1
TX
:
P WR RF HIGH
P WR FAI L
POL
:
LI NE
DE VICE CHA NNEL
Direct rays
RX BUSY D P WR RF LOW RADIO
Vout MTCH UNLK 2 ROS FA IL
TCS
SY NC
PP S
EE P SEL.

M UTE
ON

Field

Main antenna Diversity antenna

Time

Bursts potentially missed

 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Radio coverage
∞ The RF power level transmitted by a DMR system is the same as
ETSI STD the one of a traditional analogical system (constant envelope)
∞ The DMR receiver sensitivity is about the same as the one of a
The radio traditional analogical system
∞ The Audio quality is constant up to the sensitivity field level
2 CH TDMA
∞ The coverage is slightly higher than analogical systems with
4FSK 12.5KHz channeling
Quality
System Analogical
l DMR
gic a
o
al Area of greater
An benefit of DMR

Minimum
acceptable
quality
R
DM

RF field / distance
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Analogical / digital transition

ETSI STD
Mobile terminal audio compatibility
∞ Digital mobile radio terminals can work in traditional analogical
The radio way also
∞ Mobile analogical terminals (if not provided with TCS in
2 CH TDMA reception) will hear any disturbs in presence of digital signals
∞ Radio Network can automatically recognize the two modulations
4FSK (analogical / digital) and repeats them with the correct format
System
Digital audio
∞ Digital audio (Vocoder) is different from analogical one, the
quality is good up to the sensitivity limits, no noise can be heard
(like SQ turning off), eventual lost voice packets are replaced with
like-audio tracks.
∞ Vocoder is not able to play music or tone signaling.
∞ Vocoder is NOT an ETSI standard. Motorola uses AMBE+2TM
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Direct mode operation on output repeater freq.

Dispatcher
CH1 and/or CH2
ETSI STD center
The radio
CH1 CH2 CH1 CH2

2 CH TDMA
Repeater Repeater
4FSK communications
(CH1)
communications
(CH2)

System
Direct mode or CH1
from repeater Direct mode or CH2
Direct mode
from repeater
(CH1+CH2)
No separation

∞ In direct mode the communications coming from repeater are

listen if the CH (timeslot) is the same
∞ The direct mode communications are always listen (timeslot
independent)
∞ One channel (timeslot) only is available in direct mode
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Analogical / digital transition

ETSI STD
Selective compatibility between mobile terminals
∞ Mobile digital radio terminals (Motorola) can be provided of
The radio selective analogical encoder-decoder card
∞ Selective calling are digitally addressable between DMR
2 CH TDMA equipments and analogically between traditional equipments
∞ In DMR systems individual and group calling are available
4FSK

System Sub-audio tone

∞ Network access of DMR mobile terminals is managed by a
“color code” instead of traditional su-audio tone
∞ 16 “color code” are available

Network operability
∞ Mobile DMR terminals can work in “open channel” mode, like
traditional systems for emergency
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Advantages of DMR solution

ETSI STD
Over conventional analogical systems
∞ Two contemporary communications over 12.5KHz bandwidth
The radio ∞ European open standard
∞ Lower minister frequency license costs per channel
2 CH TDMA ∞ Increase spectral efficiency
∞ Fast and reliable data communications
4FSK ∞ Smooth migration from analogical systems
∞ Communication security with various level of encryptions
System
∞ Powerful features (ID on PTT, emergency call, text messages,
..)
Over TETRA systems
∞ Very low infrastructure costs
∞ More coverage area
∞ Easy to manage and maintain
∞ Very low power consumption (solar panel compatible)
∞ Low cost TCP/IP or UHF links between the base stations
∞ Same spectral efficiency and same main features
∞ Available in all PMR bands (70 MHz, 160 MHz, 450 MHz)
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

DMR Operative Center

Full link and communication

information
ETSI STD
DMR repeater/master of network
The radio PSM
:
V in_OK
V in_KO

Vout
DSP
TX
:
UNLK
RX
MTCH
TCS
SY NC
RX
:
BUSY N
UNLK 1
BUSY D
UNLK 2
TX
:
P WR RF HIGH
P WR FAI L
P WR RF LOW
ROS FA IL
POL
:
LI NE

RADIO
DE VICE CHA NNEL

LAN
PP S
EE P SEL.

M UTE
ON

2 CH TDMA

4FSK
Communications Telephone interface
SERVER
System
: : : : : :
Vin_OK
In1 In1 In1 I n1
Vin_K O

Out1 Ou t1 Out1 Out1 Vo ut

In2 In2 In2 I n2

Out2 Ou t2 Out2 Out2

In3 In3 In3 I n3 ON

Out3 Ou t3 Out3 Out3

In4 In4 In4 I n4

Out4 Ou t4 Out4 Out4

Operator desks LAN

CLIENT

Applications: PSTN
∞Traffic monitoring
∞Communications digital recorder
∞Selective/group calls
∞Text messaging
∞Remote control
∞Position maps
∞…
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Digital radio systems comparison

DMR TETRA P25 T.POL P25 ph2

ETSI STD
Dual-standard
yes no yes no no
an. / digital
The radio
Spectral eff. 6.25 KHz/ch 6.25 KHz/ch 12.5 KHz/ch 10 KHz/ch 6.25 KHz/ch

2 CH TDMA Consumption 100 300 100 120 100

Analog. Sys.
4FSK coexistence
yes no yes yes no

Cost 100 300 200 250 ?

System
Covered area 100 70 100 120 100

Comparison Standard ETSI ETSI USA ETSI =

Simulcast yes no yes yes ?

Trunking expected yes yes yes ?

Low traffic High traffic Low traffic Low traffic Low traffic
applications
density density density density density

Year 2007 1998 2005 1993 2009?

Purely indicative values

 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Digital radio systems comparison

Analogical DMR Analogical

ETSI STD
The radio
60dB frequency
2 CH TDMA
12.5KHz 12.5KHz
4FSK
Analogical P25-2 Analogical
System

Comparison 40dB

frequency

12.5KHz 12.5KHz
6.25KHz channelling needs:
∞ A safeguard channel between analogical and digital services
∞ Adjacent channel use only on well separated areas
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Radio Activity base station features

Unique or more interesting Radio Activity features
ETSI STD ∞ True 2 channels contemporary DMR communications
∞ Dual mode DMR/Analogical
The radio ∞ Diversity receiver
∞ Ethernet port with full traffic available (DMR audio and data) for
2 CH TDMA Operative Center applications
∞ Extra low ETH bandwidth (64kb/s) required to connect base stations
4FSK ∞ Software remote upgradability
∞ Easy upgradability from single repeater to simulcast network
System ∞ Built-in digital and analogical voting systems
∞ A lot of timing/synchronism mode available for simulcast applications
Comparison ∞ Powerful internal GSM/GPRS/TCP-IP/DMR based remote control
∞ Automatic mailing of internal status/diagnostics to DMR terminals
∞ Multi-key encryption
∞ Up to 64 user defined masks of ID access
∞ Cross coding ZVEI/CCIR to DMR signaling
∞ Modular design
∞ Very low power consumption (typ. 8 W @stby)
∞ Compact size (1/2 rack 19” 3UT)
∞ Internal duplexer
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Simulcast network concept

Dispatcher
ETSI STD center
The radio
1 CH simulcast mobile radio network
2 CH TDMA

4FSK Repeater
communications
Direct mode

System

Comparison
∞ The same RF channel over whole coverage area
no channels change
RA simulcast through different repeaters, frequency saving
∞ No scanning required on terminals
fast and efficient data and audio
communications, lower power consumption on terminals
∞ Equivalent to a “big cell” single repeater
no registration required
∞ Automatic roaming and hand-over
Easy to use, fast set-up call
∞ Direct mode on repeater output frequency
local communications
plus network communications monitoring
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Radio Activity DMR simulcast network

ETSI STD
Iso-frequency radio channel
The radio

2 CH TDMA Operative

Transport M Center

4FSK
network
System

Comparison

RA simulcast Coverage area

All transmitters send the same information signals on the same

carrier frequency at the same time
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

Radio Activity DMR simulcast network

ETSI STD
The radio

2 CH TDMA
Transport M
4FSK
network
System

Comparison

RA simulcast Transportation network with star geometry made by:

∞ Point-to-point UHF link (DMR)
∞ Generical TCP/IP network
∞ Copper twisted pairs (with IP modem)
∞ Mixed UHF/TCP-IP
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

DMR TCP-IP simulcast network

ETSI STD p.p.s. p.p.s.

The radio
: : : : : : : : : :
PSM DSP RX TX POL DEVICE CHANNEL PSM DSP RX TX POL DEVICE CHANNEL
Vi n_OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HIGH LINE Vi n_OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HIGH LINE
Vi n_KO UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAIL Vi n_KO UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAIL
RX BUSY D PWR RF LOW RADIO RX BUSY D PWR RF LOW RADIO
Vout MTCH UNLK 2 ROS FAIL Vout MTCH UNLK 2 ROS FAIL
TCS TCS
SYNC SYNC
PPS PPS
EEP SEL. EEP SEL.

MASTER ON
MUTE
SLAVE ON
MUTE

2 CH TDMA
4Wire
For timing
4FSK and sync
IP
recovery
DMR+VoIP p.p.s.
System GPS PSM
:
DSP
:
RX
:
TX
:
POL
:
DEVICE CHANNEL
Vin_ OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HIGH L INE
Vin_ KO UNLK UNL K 1 PWR FAIL
RX BUSY D PWR RF L OW RADIO
Vo ut

unavailable
MTCH UNL K 2 ROS FAIL
TCS
SYNC
PPS
EEP SEL.

SLAVE
Comparison
MUTE
ON

: : : : :

PSM DSP RX TX POL DEVICE CHANNEL
Vin_ OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HIGH L INE
Vin_ KO UNLK UNL K 1 PWR FAIL
RX BUSY D PWR RF L OW RADIO
Vo ut MTCH UNL K 2 ROS FAIL
TCS
SYNC
PPS
EEP SEL.

SLAVE ON
MUTE

RA simulcast

∞ Low cost TCP/IP connections

∞ Synchronization via GPS and/or 4Wire+E&M Frequency 1
CH1+CH2 (TDMA)
∞ Automatic repeater mode on IP failure
∞ Up to 32 base stations per master/submaster
∞ 2 TDMA simultaneus channels in 1 RF frequency
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

DMR RF-linked simulcast network

: : : : :
PSM DSP RX TX P OL DEVI CE CHA NNEL
Vin_OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HI GH
LINE
Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAIL
RX BUSY D PWR RF LOW
V out MT CH UNLK 2 ROS FAI L RADIO
TCS
S YNC
P PS
E EP SE L.

Master ON
MUTE

ETSI STD :
BUSY N
:
B USY N TX
: : :
Vin_OK TX
: :
BUSY N
:
P WR RF HIGH
:

DEVI CE CHA NNEL

P WR FA IL LI NE
UNLK 1 UNLK 1 UNLK Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1
BUSY D B USY D RX RX BUSY D P WR RF LOW RADIO
UNLK 2 UNLK 2 MTCH V out M TCH UNLK 2 ROS FAIL
TCS TCS
SYNC S YNC
PPS P PS

UHF point-to –multipoint link

EEP E EP S EL. - +

- +

M UTE
ON

The radio 1 frequency from MST to SLV

N frequencies from SLVs to MST

2 CH TDMA Slave Slave

UHF links

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
PSM DSP RX TX POL DEV ICE CHANNEL PSM DSP RX TX POL DEVI CE CHA NNEL
PSM DSP RX TX POL DEV ICE CHANNEL PSM DSP RX TX POL DEVI CE CHA NNEL PSM DSP RX TX POL DE VICE CHA NNEL

4FSK
Vin_OK TX B US Y N P WR RF HIGH LINE Vin_OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HIGH LI NE
Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 P WR FA IL Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAI L Vin_OK TX B US Y N P WR RF HIGH LINE Vin_OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HIGH LI NE Vi n_OK TX BUSY N P WR RF HI GH
Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 P WR FA IL Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAI L LINE
RX B US Y D P WR RF LOW RX BUSY D PWR RF LOW Vi n_K O UNLK UNLK 1 P WR FA IL
V out ROS F AIL RADIO V out ROS FA IL RA DI O RX B US Y D P WR RF LOW RX BUSY D PWR RF LOW
MTCH UNLK 2 MTCH UNLK 2 V out RADIO V out RA DI O RX BUSY D P WR RF LOW
MTCH UNLK 2 ROS F AIL MTCH UNLK 2 ROS FA IL Vout RA DI O
TCS TCS MTCH UNLK 2 ROS FAIL
SY NC SYNC TCS TCS TCS
PP S PPS SY NC SYNC SY NC

Sub-Master
EE P SEL. - + EEP S EL. - + PP S PPS PP S
EE P SEL. - + EEP S EL. - + EE P SE L.

- + - +
- + - +
MUTE MUTE
ON ON MUTE MUTE MUTE
ON ON ON

System
: : : : : : : : : :
PSM DSP RX TX POL DEV ICE CHANNEL PSM DSP RX TX POL DEV ICE CHANNEL
V in_OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HIGH LI NE V in_OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HIGH LI NE
V in_K O UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAI L V in_K O UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAI L
RX BUSY D PWR RF LOW RX BUSY D PWR RF LOW
Vout RADI O Vout RADI O
MTCH UNLK 2 ROS FA IL MTCH UNLK 2 ROS FA IL
TCS TCS
SY NC SY NC
PP S PP S
EE P SEL. - + EE P SEL. - +

- + - +

M UTE M UTE
ON ON

Comparison
Frequency 1
UHF links
CH1+CH2 (TDMA)
RA simulcast Slave
: : : : : : : : : :
PSM DSP RX TX POL DEV ICE CHANNEL PSM DSP RX TX POL DEVI CE CHA NNEL

Vin_OK TX B US Y N P WR RF HIGH LINE Vin_OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HIGH LI NE

Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 P WR FA IL Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAI L
RX B US Y D P WR RF LOW RX BUSY D PWR RF LOW
V out ROS F AIL RADIO V out ROS FA IL RA DI O
MTCH UNLK 2 MTCH UNLK 2
TCS TCS
SY NC SYNC
PP S PPS
EE P SEL. - + EEP S EL. - +

- + - +

MUTE MUTE
ON ON

∞ No GPS needed
∞ DMR UHF rugged long distance connections
∞ 2 TDMA independent channels in 1 RF frequency
∞ Up to 10 UHF slaves per master/submaster
 Digital
Digital Mobile
Mobile Radio
Radio

DMR mixed simulcast network

ETSI STD PSM

:
Vi n_OK
Vi n_K O
Vout
DSP
TX
:

UNLK
RX
MTCH
TCS
RX
:
BUSY N
UNLK 1
BUSY D
UNLK 2
TX
:
P WR RF HI GH
P WR FA IL
P WR RF LOW
ROS FAIL
POL
:
LINE

RA DI O
DE VICE CHA NNEL
PSM
:
V in_OK
V in_K O

Vout
DSP
TX
:
UNLK
RX
MTCH
RX
:
BUSY N
UNLK 1
BUSY D
UNLK 2
TX
:
PWR RF HI GH
PWR FAIL
PWR RF LOW
ROS FAI L
POL
:
LI NE

RADIO
DEVI CE CHANNE L

SY NC TCS

Master
PP S SYNC

Slave IP
EE P SE L.
PPS
EEP SE L.

MUTE
ON
M UTE
ON

The radio

: : : : : : : : :
DEV ICE CHANNE L

B US Y N BUSY N TX V in_OK TX B US Y N PWR RF HI GH LINE

UNLK 1 UNLK 1 UNLK V in_K O UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAIL
B US Y D BUSY D RX RX B US Y D PWR RF LOW
Vout ROS FAI L RA DI O
UNLK 2 UNLK 2 MT CH MTCH UNLK 2
TCS TCS
S YNC SYNC
P PS PPS
E EP EEP SEL. - +

UHF point-to –multipoint link

- +

MUTE
ON

2 CH TDMA 1 frequency from MST to SLV

Operative
N frequencies from SLVs to MST Center

4FSK UHF links

IP
PSM
:
Vin_OK
Vin_KO
V out
DSP
TX
:
UNLK
RX
MT CH
RX
:
BUSY N
UNLK 1
BUSY D
UNLK 2
TX
:
PWR RF HI GH
PWR FAIL
PWR RF LOW
ROS FAI L
P OL
LINE
:

RADIO
DEVI CE CHA NNEL
Slave DMR+VoIP
System
TCS
S YNC
P PS

Sub-Master
E EP SE L.

MUTE
ON

: : : : : : : : : :
PSM DSP RX TX POL DEV ICE CHANNEL PSM DSP RX TX POL DEVI CE CHA NNEL

Vin_OK TX B US Y N P WR RF HIGH LINE Vin_OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HIGH LI NE

Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 P WR FA IL Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAI L

V out
RX
MTCH
B US Y D
UNLK 2
P WR RF LOW
ROS F AIL RADIO V out
RX
MTCH
BUSY D
UNLK 2
PWR RF LOW
ROS FA IL RA DI O

TCS TCS
SY NC SYNC
PP S PPS
EE P SEL. - + EEP S EL. - +

- + - +

MUTE MUTE
ON ON

: : : : : : : : : :

Comparison
PSM DSP RX TX POL DEVI CE CHANNE L PSM DSP RX TX POL DEV ICE CHA NNEL
V in_OK TX BUSY N P WR RF HI GH LINE Vin_OK TX B US Y N PWR RF HIGH LI NE
V in_K O UNLK UNLK 1 P WR FAI L Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FA IL
RX BUSY D P WR RF LOW RX B US Y D PWR RF LOW
Vout RADIO V out RA DI O
MTCH UNLK 2 ROS FAI L M TCH UNLK 2 ROS FA IL
TCS T CS
SY NC S YNC
PP S P PS
EE P S EL. - + E EP SEL. - +

- + - +

MUTE MUT E
ON ON

: : : : :
PSM DSP RX TX POL DEVI CE CHANNEL
Vin_OK TX B USY N PWR RF HIGH
LI NE
Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAI L
RX B USY D PWR RF LOW RA DI O
V out MTCH UNLK 2 ROS FA IL
TCS

RA simulcast
SY NC
PP S
S EL.

Slave IP
EE P

Frequency 1
MUTE
ON

UHF links CH1+CH2 (TDMA)

Slave
: : : : : : : : : :
PSM DSP RX TX POL DEV ICE CHANNEL PSM DSP RX TX POL DEVI CE CHA NNEL

Vin_OK TX B US Y N P WR RF HIGH Vin_OK TX BUSY N PWR RF HIGH

LINE LI NE
Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 P WR FA IL Vin_KO UNLK UNLK 1 PWR FAI L
RX B US Y D P WR RF LOW RADIO RX BUSY D PWR RF LOW RA DI O
V out MTCH UNLK 2 ROS F AIL V out MTCH UNLK 2 ROS FA IL
TCS TCS
SY NC SYNC
PP S PPS
EE P SEL. - + EEP S EL. - +

- + - +

MUTE MUTE
ON ON