DIFFERENTIATION

1 The variables x and y satisfy the relation sin y = tan x, where − 12 0 < y < 12 0. Show that

dy 1
=  . [5]
dx cos x cos 2x

9709/32/F/M/19/5

2 Find the gradient of the curve x3 + 3xy2 − y3 = 1 at the point with coordinates 1, 3
. [4]

9709/31/M/J/19/3

x
3 Find the exact coordinates of the point on the curve y = at which the gradient of the tangent
1 + ln x
is equal to 14 . [7]
9709/32/M/J/19/4

1 + e−x
4 The equation of a curve is y = , for x > 0.
1 − e−x

dy
(i) Show that is always negative. [3]
dx
9709/33/M/J/19/4

 
5 The curve y = sin x + 13 0 cos x has two stationary points in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.

dy
(i) Find . [2]
dx

 the formula for cos A + B
, show that, at the stationary points on the curve,
(ii) By considering
cos 2x + 13 0 = 0. [2]

(iii) Hence find the exact x-coordinates of the stationary points. [3]
9709/33/M/J/19/7

6 The parametric equations of a curve are

x = 2t + sin 2t, y = ln 1 − cos 2t
.
dy
Show that = cosec 2t. [5]
dx
9709/31/O/N/19/3

e−2x dy
7 The curve with equation y = has a stationary point in the interval −1 < x < 1. Find and
1−x 2 dx
hence find the x-coordinate of this stationary point, giving the answer correct to 3 decimal places.
[5]

9709/32/O/N/19/2

8 The equation of a curve is 2x2 y − xy2 = a3 , where a is a positive constant. Show that there is only one
point on the curve at which the tangent is parallel to the x-axis and find the y-coordinate of this point.
[7]

9709/32/O/N/19/5
9 The equation of a curve is x3 + 3xy2 − y3 = 5.

dy x2 + y2
(a) Show that = 2 . [4]
dx y − 2xy
(b) Find the coordinates of the points on the curve where the tangent is parallel to the y-axis. [5]

9709/32/F/M/20/7

10 The curve with equation y = e2x sin x + 3 cos x
has a stationary point in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) Find the x-coordinate of this point, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places. [4]

(b) Determine whether the stationary point is a maximum or a minimum. [2]

9709/31/M/J/20/4

11 A curve has equation y = cos x sin 2x.

Find the x-coordinate of the stationary point in the interval 0 < x < 12 π, giving your answer correct to
3 significant figures. [6]

9709/32/M/J/20/4

 
12 The equation of a curve is y = x tan−1 12 x .

dy
(a) Find . [3]
dx

(b) The tangent to the curve at the point where x = 2 meets the y-axis at the point with coordinates
0, p
.

Find p. [3]

9709/33/M/J/20/4

13 The parametric equations of a curve are

x = 3 − cos 21, y = 21 + sin 21,
for 0 < 1 < 12 π.

dy
Show that = cot 1. [5]
dx
9709/31/O/N/20/3

14
y

x
O

The diagram shows the curve with parametric equations

x = tan 1, y = cos2 1,
for − 12 π < 1 < 12 π.

(a) Show that the gradient of the curve at the point with parameter 1 is −2 sin 1 cos3 1. [3]
 The gradient of the curve has its maximum value at the point P.

(b) Find the exact value of the x-coordinate of P. [4]

9709/32/O/N/20/5

15 The parametric equations of a curve are

x = 3 − cos 21, y = 21 + sin 21,
for 0 < 1 < 12 π.

dy
Show that = cot 1. [5]
dx
9709/33/O/N/20/3

16 The parametric equations of a curve are

x = ln 2 + 3t
, y=
t
2 + 3t
.

(a) Show that the gradient of the curve is always positive. [5]
(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where it intersects the y-axis. [3]
9709/31/M/J/21/6

17 The equation of a curve is y = e−5x tan2 x for − 12 π < x < 12 π.

Find the x-coordinates of the stationary points of the curve. Give your answers correct to 3 decimal
places where appropriate. [8]

9709/32/M/J/21/8

18 The parametric equations of a curve are

x = t + ln t + 2
, y = t − 1
e−2t ,
where t > −2.

dy
(a) Express in terms of t, simplifying your answer. [5]
dx
(b) Find the exact y-coordinate of the stationary point of the curve. [2]

9709/33/M/J/21/3

19 The curve with equation y = x e1−2x has one stationary point.

(a) Find the coordinates of this point. [4]

(b) Determine whether the stationary point is a maximum or a minimum. [2]
9709/31/O/N/21/3

20 The equation of a curve is ye2x − y2 ex = 2.

dy 2yex − y2
(a) Show that = . [4]
dx 2y − ex

(b) Find the exact coordinates of the point on the curve where the tangent is parallel to the y-axis.
[4]
9709/32/O/N/21/9
21 The equation of a curve is ln x + y
= x − 2y.

dy x+y−1
(a) Show that = . [4]
dx 2 x + y
+ 1
(b) Find the coordinates of the point on the curve where the tangent is parallel to the x-axis. [3]
9709/33/O/N/21/7

22 The parametric equations of a curve are

x = 1 − cos 1, y = cos 1 − 14 cos 21.

= −2 sin2 12 1 .
dy  
Show that [5]
dx
9709/32/F/M/22/4

23 The equation of a curve is x3 + y3 + 2xy + 8 = 0.

dy
(a) Express in terms of x and y. [4]
dx

The tangent to the curve at the point where x = 0 and the tangent at the point where y = 0 intersect at
the acute angle !.

(b) Find the exact value of tan !. [5]

9709/31/M/J/22/8


24 The equation of a curve is y = cos3 x sin x. It is given that the curve has one stationary point in the
interval 0 < x < 12 π.

Find the x-coordinate of this stationary point, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. [6]
9709/32/M/J/22/4

25 The equation of a curve is x3 + 3x2 y − y3 = 3.

dy x2 + 2xy
(a) Show that = 2 . [4]
dx y − x2

(b) Find the coordinates of the points on the curve where the tangent is parallel to the x-axis. [5]
9709/32/M/J/22/7

26 The curve y = e−4x tan x has two stationary points in the interval 0 ≤ x < 12 π.

dy
(a) Obtain an expression for and show it can be written in the form sec2 x a + b sin 2x
e−4x , where
dx
a and b are constants. [4]

(b) Hence find the exact x-coordinates of the two stationary points. [3]

9709/33/M/J/22/4

1
27 The parametric equations of a curve are x = , y = ln tan t, where 0 < t < 12 π.
cos t

dy cos t
(a) Show that = . [5]
dx sin2 t
 (b) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where y = 0. [3]
9709/33/M/J/22/6

28 The equation of a curve is y = sin x sin 2x. The curve has a stationary point in the interval 0 < x < 12 π.

Find the x-coordinate of this point, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. [6]

9709/32/O/N/22/3

29 The parametric equations of a curve are

x = 2t − tan t, y = ln sin 2t
,
for 0 < t < 12 π.

dy
Show that = cot t. [5]
dx
9709/33/O/N/22/4

30 The parametric equations of a curve are

x = t e 2t , y = t2 + t + 3.

dy
(a) Show that = e−2t . [3]
dx

@ A
1
(b) Hence show that the normal to the curve, where t = −1, passes through the point 0, 3 − 4 .
e
[3]

9709/32/F/M/23/5

31 The equation of a curve is x2 y − ay2 = 4a3 , where a is a non-zero constant.

dy 2xy
(a) Show that = . [4]
dx 2ay − x2

(b) Hence find the coordinates of the points where the tangent to the curve is parallel to the y-axis.
[4]

9709/31/M/J/23/5

32 The equation of a curve is 3x2 + 4xy + 3y2 = 5.

dy 3x + 2y
(a) Show that =− . [4]
dx 2x + 3y

(b) Hence find the exact coordinates of the two points on the curve at which the tangent is parallel
to y + 2x = 0. [5]

9709/32/M/J/23/7

33 The parametric equations of a curve are

cos 1
x= , y = 1 + 2 cos 1.
2 − sin 1
dy
Show that = 2 − sin 1
2 . [5]
dx
9709/33/M/J/23/4
 x2
34 Find the exact coordinates of the points on the curve y = at which the gradient of the tangent
1 − 3x
is equal to 8. [5]

9709/31/O/N/23/1

35 The parametric equations of a curve are


x = t + 3, y = ln t,
for t > 0.

dy
(a) Obtain a simplified expression for in terms of t. [3]
dx
(b) Hence find the exact coordinates of the point on the curve at which the gradient of the normal
is −2. [3]

9709/31/O/N/23/6

36 The parametric equations of a curve are

x = ln t
2 , y = e2−t ,
2

for t > 0.

Find the gradient of the curve at the point where t = e, simplifying your answer. [4]
9709/32/O/N/23/2

2
e3x −1
37 Find the exact coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y = . [6]
1 − x2
9709/33/O/N/23/5

38 The equation of a curve is x3 + y2 + 3x2 + 3y = 4.

dy 3x2 + 6x
(a) Show that =− . [3]
dx 2y + 3

(b) Hence find the coordinates of the points on the curve at which the tangent is parallel to the x-axis.
[5]
9709/33/O/N/23/7
 Answers
 9709/32/F/M/19/5

dy B1
State cos y as derivative of sin y
dx

State correct derivative in terms of x and y, e.g. sec2 x / cos y B1

sec 2 x B1
State correct derivative in terms of x, e.g.
1 − tan 2 x

Use double angle formula M1

Obtain the given answer correctly A1

2. 9709/31/M/J/19/3

dy B1
State or imply 3 y 2 + 6 xy as derivative of 3xy 2
dx

dy B1
State or imply 3 y 2 as derivative of y 3
dx

Equate derivative of LHS to zero, substitute (1, 3) and find the M1  dy x 2 + y 2 

gradient  = 2  For incorrect derivative need to see the
 dx y − 2 xy 
substitution

10 A1 3.33 or better. Allow 30 ISW after correct answer seen

Obtain final answer or equivalent 9
3

3. 9709/32/M/J/19/4

Use correct quotient rule M1 Allow use of correct product rule on x × 1 + ln x −1

( )
Obtain correct derivative in any form A1 1
dy (1 + ln x ) − x × x  1 1 
= = − 
dx (1 + ln x )
2
 1 + ln x (1 + ln x ) 
2
 

1 M1 1
(1 + ln x )
2
Equate derivative to and obtain a quadratic in ln x or (1+ ln x) Horizontal form. Accept ln x =
4 4

Reduce to (ln x) 2 − 2 ln x + 1 = 0 A1 or 3-term equivalent. Condone lnx 2 if later used correctly

Solve a 3-term quadratic in ln x for x M1 Must see working if solving incorrect quadratic

Obtain answer x = e A1 Accept e1

1 A1 Exact only with no decimals seen before the exact value.

Obtain answer y = e
2 e1 e
Accept but not
2 1 + ln e

7
 4. 9709/33/M/J/19/4

(i) Use the quotient or product rule M1

Obtain correct derivative in any form A1

2e − x A1
Reduce to – , or equivalent, and explain why this is always negative
(1 − e )
−x 2

(ii) Equate derivative to – 1 and obtain the given equation B1

State or imply u 2 − 4u + 1 = 0 , or equivalent in e a B1

Solve for a M1

( )
Obtain answer a = ln 2 + 3 and no other A1

5. 9709/33/M/J/19/7

6. 9709/31/O/N/19/3

dx B1
State = 2 + 2cos 2t
dt

Use the chain rule to find the derivative of y M1

dy 2sin 2t A1 OE
Obtain =
dt 1 − cos 2t

dy dy dx M1
Use = ÷
dx dt dt

dy A1 AG
Obtain = cosec2t correctly
dx

5
7. 9709/32/O/N/19/2

Use correct quotient rule or correct product rule M1

Obtain correct derivative in any form A1

dy −2e
=
−2 x
( )
1 − x 2 + 2 xe−2 x

( )
2
dx 1 − x2

Equate derivative to zero and obtain a 3 term quadratic in x M1

Obtain a correct 3-term equation A1 From correct work only

e.g. 2 x 2 + 2 x − 2 = 0 or x 2 + x =1

Solve and obtain x = 0.618 only A1 From correct work only

8. 9709/32/O/N/19/5

dy B1
State 4 xy + 2 x 2 , or equivalent, as derivative of 2x 2 y
dx

dy B1
State y 2 + 2 xy , or equivalent, as derivative of xy 2
dx

dy *M1 dy y 2 − 4 xy
Equate attempted derivative of LHS to zero and set equal to =
dx dx 2 x 2 − 2 xy
zero (or set numerator equal to zero)

Reject y = 0 B1 Allow from y 2 − kxy = 0

Obtain y = 4x A1 OE from correct numerator. ISW

Obtain an equation in y (or in x) and solve for y (or for x) in terms DM1 y3 y3
of a 8 x3 − 16 x3 = a3 or − = a3
8 4

Obtain y = – 2a A1 With no errors seen

7
 9. 9709/32/F/M/20/7

(a) dy B1
State or imply 3 y 2 + 6 xy as derivative of 3xy 2
dx

dy B1
State or imply 3y 2 as derivative of y 3
dx

dy M1 dy
Equate attempted derivative of LHS to zero and solve for Need to see factorised out prior to AG
dx dx

Obtain the given answer correctly A1 AG

(b) Equate denominator to zero *M1

Obtain y = 2x, or equivalent A1

Obtain an equation in x or y DM1

Obtain the point (1, 2) A1

State the point ( 3

5, 0 ) B1 Alternatively (1.71, 0).

10. 9709/31/M/J/20/4

(a) Use product rule M1

Obtain derivative in any correct form e.g. 2e 2 x ( sin x + 3 cos x ) + e 2 x ( cos x − 3sin x ) A1

Equate derivative to zero and obtain an equation in one trigonometric ratio M1

Obtain x = 1.43 only A1

(b) Use a correct method to determine the nature of the stationary point M1
x = 1.42, y′ = 0.06e
2.84
>0
e.g.
x = 1.44, y′ = −0.07e
2.88
<0

Show that it is a maximum point A1

11. 9709/32/M/J/20/4

Use correct product rule M1

Obtain correct derivative in any form, e.g. –sin x sin 2x + 2cos x cos 2x A1

Use double angle formula to express derivative in terms of sin x and cos x M1

Equate derivative to zero and obtain an equation in one trig function M1

Obtain 3 sin 2x = 1, or 3 cos 2x = 2 or 2 tan 2x = 1 A1

Solve and obtain x = 0.615 A1

6
 12. 9709/33/M/J/20/4

(a) Use the product rule M1

State or imply derivative of tan ( ) is of the form /(4 + ), where k = 2 or 4, or equivalent M1

1  2x A1
Obtain correct derivative in any form, e.g. tan −1  x  + 2 , or equivalent
2  x +4

(b) 1 B1
State or imply y-coordinate is π
2

Carry out a complete method for finding p, e.g. by obtaining the equation of the tangent and setting x = 0, or by equating the M1
1
π−p
gradient at x = 2 to 2
2

Obtain answer p = –1 A1

13. 9709/31/O/N/20/3

dx dy B1
State or imply = 2sin 2θ or = 2 + 2 cos 2θ
dθ dθ

dy dy dx M1
Use = ÷
dx dθ dθ

dy 2 + 2cos 2θ A1 OE
Obtain correct answer =
dx 2sin 2θ

Use correct double angle formulae M1

dy A1
Obtain the given answer correctly = cot θ
dx

Alternative method for question 3

Start by using both correct double angle formulae M1

e.g. x = 3 – (2cos2θ − 1), y = 2θ + 2sinθcosθ

dx dy B1
or
dθ dθ

dy
=
( (
2 + 2 cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )) M1 A1

dx 4cos θ sin θ

dy A1 AG
Simplify to given answer correctly = cot θ
dx
 Alternative method for question 3

dx dy B1
Set = 2θ. State = sin t or = 1 + cost
dt dt

dy dy dx M1
Use = ÷
dx dt dt

dy 1 + cos t A1 OE
Obtain correct answer =
dx sin t

Use correct double angle formulae M1

dy A1
Obtain the given answer correctly = cot θ
dx

14. 9709/32/O/N/20/5
15. 9709/33/O/N/20/3

dx dy B1
State or imply = 2sin 2θ or = 2 + 2 cos 2θ
dθ dθ

dy dy dx M1
Use = ÷
dx dθ dθ

dy 2 + 2cos 2θ A1 OE
Obtain correct answer =
dx 2sin 2θ

Use correct double angle formulae M1

dy A1
Obtain the given answer correctly = cot θ
dx

Alternative method for question 3

Start by using both correct double angle formulae M1

e.g. x = 3 – (2cos2θ − 1), y = 2θ + 2sinθcosθ

dx dy B1
or
dθ dθ

dy
=
( (
2 + 2 cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )) M1 A1

dx 4cos θ sin θ

dy A1 AG
Simplify to given answer correctly = cot θ
dx

Alternative method for question 3

dx dy B1
Set = 2θ. State = sin t or = 1 + cost
dt dt

dy dy dx M1
Use = ÷
dx dt dt

dy 1 + cos t A1 OE
Obtain correct answer =
dx sin t

Use correct double angle formulae M1

dy A1
Obtain the given answer correctly = cot θ
dx

5
16. 9709/31/M/J/21/6

17. 9709/32/M/J/21/8

Use correct product (or quotient) rule M1 At least 3 of 4 terms correct

dy A1 OE.
Obtain = −5e −5 x tan 2 x + 2e −5 x tan x sec 2 x
dx

Equate their derivative to zero, use sec 2 x = 1 + tan 2 x and obtain an equation M1
in tan x

Obtain 2 tan 2 x − 5 tan x + 2 = 0 A1 Allow 2 tan 3 x − 5 tan 2 x + 2 tan x = 0

State answer x = 0 B1 From correct derivative.

Solve a 3 term quadratic in tan x and obtain a value of x M1 Must be in radians

Obtain answer, e.g. 0.464 A1 Must be 3 d.p. as specified in the question.

Allow A1A0 if both values given to 2 d.p. or > 3 d.p.
Obtain second non-zero answer, e.g. 1.107 and no other in the given interval A1

Alternative method for Question 8

Use correct product (or quotient) rule M1 At least 3 of 4 terms correct

dy A1 OE
Obtain = −5e −5 x tan 2 x + 2e −5 x tan x sec 2 x
dx

Equate their derivative to zero and obtain an equation in sin x and cos x M1

Obtain 5cos x sin x = 2 A1 Or simplified equivalent (i.e. cancelled)

State answer x = 0 B1 From correct derivative.

Use double angle formula or square both sides and solve for x M1 Or equivalent method. Must be in radians.

Obtain answer, e.g. 0.464 A1 Must be 3 d.p. as specified in the question.

Allow A1A0 if both values given to 2 d.p. or > 3 d.p.
Obtain second non-zero answer, e.g. 1.107 and no other in the given interval A1

8
 18. 9709/33/M/J/21/3

(a) dx 1 B1
State =1+
dt t+2

Use product rule M1

dy A1 OE
Obtain = e −2t − 2 ( t − 1) e −2t
dt

dy dy dx M1
Use = ÷
dx dt dt

Obtain correct answer in any simplified form, A1

( 3 − 2t )( t + 2 ) −2t
e.g. e
t +3

(b) Equate derivative to zero and solve for t M1

3 1 A1
Obtain t = and obtain answer y = e −3 , or exact equivalent
2 2

19. 9709/31/O/N/21/3

20. 9709/32/O/N/21/9
 21. 9709/33/O/N/21/7

(a) Use chain rule to differentiate LHS *M1

1  dy  A1
Obtain 1 + 
x+ y  dx 

dy dy DM1
Equate derivative of LHS to 1 – 2 and solve for
dx dx

Obtain the given answer correctly A1

(b) State x + y = 1 B1

Obtain or imply x – 2y = 0 B1

2 1 B1
Obtain coordinates x = and y =
3 3

22. 9709/32/F/M/22/4

dx dy 1 B1
State = sin θ or = − sin θ + sin 2θ
dθ dθ 2

dy dy dx M1
Use = ÷
dx dθ dθ

Obtain correct answer in any form A1 1

− sin θ + sin 2θ
e.g. 2
sin θ

dy M1 sin 2θ = 2sin θ cos θ

Use double angle correctly to obtain in terms of θ
dx

1  A1 AG.
Obtain the given answer with no errors seen − 2sin2  θ  Requires correct cancellation of ALL sin θ terms and
2 
1 
cos θ = 1 − 2sin2  θ  seen
2 
SC For incorrect signs, consistent throughout max. B0,
M1, A0, M1, A1

5
 23. 9709/31/M/J/22/8

(a) B1
State or imply 3y 2 dy as derivative of y3
dx

dy B1
State or imply 2 y  2 x as derivative of 2xy
dx

Complete differentiation and equate attempted derivative to zero and solve for M1
dy
dx

3x2  2 y A1
Obtain answer 
3 y2  2x

(b) Find gradient at either (0, – 2) or (– 2, 0) M1

1 A1 A1
Obtain answers and 3
3

Use tan AB formula to find tan  M1

4 A1
Obtain answer tan  
3

24. 9709/32/M/J/22/4
25. 9709/32/M/J/22/7

26. 9709/33/M/J/22/4
27. 9709/33/M/J/22/6

28. 9709/32/O/N/22/3
 29. 9709/33/O/N/22/4

dx dy cos 2t B1
State or imply = 2 − sec 2t or =2
dt dt sin 2t

dy dy dx M1
Use = ÷
dx dt dt

Obtain correct answer in any form A1

Use double angle formula to express derivative in terms of cos x and sin x M1

Obtain the given answer correctly A1 AG

30. 9709/32/F/M/23/5

31. 9709/31/M/J/23/5

(a) dy B1 
State or imply 2 xy  x 2 as derivative of x 2 y Accept partial:  2xy .
dx x

dy B1 
State or imply 2ay as derivative of ay 2 Accept partial:  x 2  2ay .
dx y

dy M1
Equate attempted derivative to zero and solve for
dx

dy 2 xy A1 AG
Obtain answer  from correct working
dx 2ay  x 2

(b) State or imply 2ay  x 2  0 *M1

Substitute into equation of curve to obtain equation in x and a or in y and a DM1 x4 x4

e.g. 2ay 2  ay 2  4a 3 or   4a 3 .
2a 4a

Obtain one correct point A1 e.g.  2a, 2a  .

Obtain second correct point and no others A1 e.g.  2a, 2a  .

4 SC: Allow A1 A0 for x  2a or for y = 2a.

32. 9709/32/M/J/23/7

33. 9709/33/M/J/23/4

34. 9709/31/O/N/23/1
35. 9709/31/O/N/23/6

36. 9709/32/O/N/23/2

37. 9709/33/O/N/23/5
38. 9709/33/O/N/23/7