1. A Pelton wheel is receiving water from a penstock with a gross head of 510m.

One –third
of gross head is lost in friction in the penstock. The rate of flow through the nozzle fitted at
the end of the penstock is 2.2 m3/s. The angle of deflection of the jet is 165o. Determine:
(a) The power developed by the runner, and
(b) Hydraulic efficiency of the Pelton wheel
Take kv (coefficient of velocity) = 1.0 and speed ratio = 0.45
Ans- 7139.8 kW, 97.3%
2. A Pelton wheel is to be designed for the following specifications:
Power (brake of shaft) = 9560 kW;
Head = 350 metres
Speed = 750 rpm
Overall efficiency = 85%
Jet diameter = not to exceed 1/6 of the wheel diameter
Take kv=0.985, speed ratio = 0.45
The number of jets required is --------
Ans- 3
3. For a Pelton wheel with a given water jet velocity, the maximum output power from the
Pelton wheel is obtained when the ratio of the bucket speed to the water jet speed is ------
(correct to two decimal places).
Ans- 0.50 (0.48 to 0.52)
4. In a pelton wheel, the bucket peripheral speed in 10 m/s, the water jet velocity is 25 m/s
and volumeteric flow rate of the jet is 0.1 𝒎𝟑 /s. If the jet deflection angle is 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒐 and the
flow is ideal, the power developed is :
(a) 7.5 kW (b) 15.0 kW (c) 22.5 kW (d) 37.5 kW
Ans:- C
5. A single jet Pelton wheel operates at 300 rpm. The mean diameter of the wheel is 2 m.
Operating head and dimensions of jet area such that water comes out of the jet with a
velocity of 40 m/s and flow rate of 5 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔. The jet is deflected by the bucket at an angle
of 𝟏𝟔𝟓𝒐 . Neglecting all losses, the power developed by the Pelton wheel is ----- MW.
[Round off to two decimal places]
Ans: 2.65 (2.50 to 2.80)
6. The inlet angle of runner blades of a Francis turbine is 𝟗𝟎𝟎 . The blades are so shaped that
the tangential component of velocity at blade outlet is zero. The flow velocity remains
constant throughout the blade passage and is equal to half of the blade velocity at runner
inlet. The blade efficiency of the runner is
(A) 25% (B) 50% (C) 80% (D) 89%
Ans:-C
7. For a Kaplan (axial flow) turbine, the outlet blade velocity diagram at a section is shown in
figure.
 The diameter at this section is 3 m. The hub and tip diameters of the blade are 2 m and 4
m, respectively. The water volume flow rate is 100 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔. The rotational speed of the
turbine 300 rpm. The blade outlet angle 𝜷 is __________ degrees (round off to one
decimal place).
Ans: (12.7)
8. The velocity triangles at the inlet and exit of the rotor of a turbomachine are shown. 𝑽
denotes the absolute velocity of the fluid,𝑾 denotes the relative velocity of the fluid
and 𝑼 denotes the blade velocity. Subscripts 1 and 2 refer to inlet and outlet respectively.
If 𝑽𝟐 = 𝑾𝟏 and 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑾𝟐 , the degree of reaction is

A. 0
B. 1
C. 0.5
D. 0.25
Ans:-C
9. A hydraulic turbine develops 1000 kW power for a head of 40m. If the head is reduced to
20m, the power developed (in kW) is
(a) 177 (b) 354 (c) 500 (d) 707
Ans:B
10. A model of a hydraulic turbine is tested at a head of 1/4th of that under which the full scale
turbine works. The diameter of the model is half of the full scale turbine. If N is the RPM of
the full scale turbine, then the RPM of the model will be
(A) N/4 (B) N/2 (C) N (D) 2N
Ans:- C
11. A large hydraulic turbine is to generate 300 kW at 100 rpm under a head of 40 m. for initial
testing, a 1: 4 scale model of the turbine operates under a head of 10 m: the power
generated by the model (in kW) will be
(a) 2: 34 (b) 4.68 (c) 9.38 (d) 18.75
Ans:A
12. Kaplan turbine is
(a) A high head mixed flow turbine
 (b) A low head axial flow turbine
(c) An outward flow reaction turbine
(d) An impulse inward flow turbine
Ans- B
13. Cavitation in a hydraulic reaction turbine is most likely to occur at the turbine
(a) Entry (b) exit (c) stator exit (d) rotor exit
Ans-D
14. At a hydro electric-power plant site, available head and flow rate are 24.5m and 10.1m3/s
respectively. If the turbine to be installed is required to run at 4 revolution per second
(rps) with an overall efficiency of 90%, then suitable type of turbine for this site is
(a) Francis (b) Kaplan (c) Pelton (d) propeller
Ans-A
15. Water having a density of 1000kg/m3 issues from a nozzle with a velocity of 10m/s and the
jet strikes a bucket mounted on a pelton wheel. The wheel rotates at 10 rad/s. The mean
diameter of the wheel is 1m. The jet is split into two equal steams by the bucket, such that
each stream is deflected by 120°, as shown in the fig. Friction in the bucket may be
neglected. Magnitude of the torque exerted by the water on the wheel, per unit mass flow
rate of the incoming jet is

(a) 0(N-m)(kg/s) (b)1.25(N-m)(kg/s) (c) 2.5(N-m)(kg/s) (d) 3.75(N-m)(kg/s)

Ans-D
16. A vertical shaft Francis turbine rotates at 300 rpm. The availble head at the inlet to the
turbine is 200 m. The tip speed of the rotor is 40 m/s. Water leaves the runner of the
turbine without whirl. Velocity at the exit of the draft tube is 3.5 m/s. The head losses in
different components of the turbine are: (i) stator and guide vanes: 5.0 m. (ii) rotor: 10 m,
and (iii) draft tube: 2 m. Flow rate through the turbine is 𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔. Take 𝒈 = 𝟗. 𝟖 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 .
The hydraulic efficiency of the turbine is _____% (round off to one decimal place).
Ans:- 91.2 (90 to 92)
17. A vertical shaft Francis turbine runs at 420 rpm while the discharge is 15 m 3/s. The velocity
and pressure head at entrance of the runner are 10 m/s and 230 m respectively. The
elevation above the tail race is 5 m. The diameter of the runner is 2 m and the width at the
inlet is 270 mm. The overall ad hydraulic efficiencies are 92 % and 98% respectively.
Calculate:
(a) Total head across the turbine.
(b) Power output
(c) The guide vane angle.
(d) Vane angle at the inlet.
Ans-240.09 m, 32.5 MW, 62.13o, 167.33o