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Csc121 Module 8

Module 8 covers input and output operations in C++ using the Standard Input and Output Streams from the iostream library. It explains how to read user input with std::cin and display information with std::cout, detailing the use of extraction and insertion operators. Additionally, it introduces common control structures in C++, including if-else statements, while loops, for loops, switch statements, and do-while loops.

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14 views5 pages

Csc121 Module 8

Module 8 covers input and output operations in C++ using the Standard Input and Output Streams from the iostream library. It explains how to read user input with std::cin and display information with std::cout, detailing the use of extraction and insertion operators. Additionally, it introduces common control structures in C++, including if-else statements, while loops, for loops, switch statements, and do-while loops.

Uploaded by

shauncelery
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MODULE 8

Input and Output in C++


Input and output (I/O) operations are essential for any programming language,
and C++ provides a comprehensive set of tools for performing I/O operations.
In C++, you can perform I/O using the Standard Input and Output Streams,
which are part of the C++ Standard Library (iostream). Here, is an overview of
basic input and output operations in C++.

Input (Reading User Input)


For reading user input, you can use the std::cin object, which is also part of the
std namespace. You use the >> operator to extract data from the standard input
stream.

Breakdown explanation from the above snipaste;

 std::cin is the standard input stream.


 >> is the extraction operator, used to read data from the stream.
 int number; declares an integer variable to store the user's input.
 "Enter a number: " is a prompt displayed to the user.
 std::cin >> number; reads an integer value from the user.
 std::cout << "You entered: " << number << std::endl; displays the entered
value.

Output (Displaying Information)


To display information to the console, you typically use the std::cout object,
which is part of the std namespace. You can use the << operator to send data to
the standard output stream.
Example:

Breakdown explanation from the above snipaste:

 std::cout is the standard output stream.


 << is the insertion operator, which is used to send data to the stream.
 "Hello, World!" is the data (in this case, a string) that you want to
display.
 std::endl is used to insert a newline character and flush the output buffer.

Control Structures in C++


In the previous lectures we have said lots on the control structure as the
fundamental elements in C++ programming that allow you to control the flow
of your program. Here are some common control structures in C++:

if-else Statements
Conditional statements that allow you to execute different blocks of code based
on a specified condition.

Example;
while Loop
A loop that continues to execute a block of code as long as a specified condition
is true.

Example;

for Loop
A loop that executes a block of code for a specific number of iterations.

Example;
switch Statement
Used to select one of many code blocks to be executed.

Example;

do-while Loop

A loop that executes a block of code at least once and then continues to execute
as long as a specified condition is true.

Example;

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