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Department of ECE

B. Tech II YEAR - I SEMESTER

S. No Course Code Course Title L T P Credits

1 1000232103 Random Variables & Stochastic Processess 3 0 0 3

Universal Human Values - Understanding 2 1 0 3

2 1099232101
Harmony & Ethical Human Conduct
3 1004232101 Signals & Systems 3 0 0 3

4 1004232102 Electronic Devices & Circuits 3 0 0 3

5 1004232103 Digital Circuits Design 3 0 0 3

6 1004232110 Electronic Devices & Circuits Lab 0 0 3 1.5

7 1004232111 Digital Design & Signal Simulation Lab 0 0 3 1.5

9 1005232180 Python Programming 0 1 2 2

10 1000232125 Environmental Science 2 0 0 0

Total 16 2 08 20
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II Year I Semester L T P C
Course Code: Random Variables & Stochastic Processes 3 0 0 3
1000232103

RANDOM VARIABLES AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

Course Objectives:
 To categorize random variables based on their properties.
 To elucidate the generation of moments and transformations of random variables.
 To explicate the analysis of multiple random variables.
 To illustrate and apply the stationary properties of random processes.
 To explore the relation between Power Spectral Density and autocorrelation.

Course Outcomes:
 Differentiate various distribution and density functions.
 Determine the moments of a random variable.
 Analyze the properties of multiple random variables.
 Illustrate the time domain characteristics of random signal.
 Examine the response of LTI systems under various noise inputs.

Unit-I
The Random Variable
Introduction, Review of Probability Theory, Definition of a Random Variable, Conditions for
a Function to be a Random Variable, Discrete, Continuous and Mixed Random Variables,
Distribution and Density functions, Properties, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Gaussian,
Exponential, Rayleigh, Conditional Distribution, Conditional Density, Properties.

Unit-II
Operation On One Random Variable-Expectations
Introduction, Expected Value of a Random Variable, function of a Random Variable, Moments
about the Origin, Central Moments, Variance and Skew, Chebyshev’s Inequality, Characteristic
Function, Moment Generating Function, Transformations of a Random Variable: Monotonic
Transformations for a Continuous Random Variable, Non-monotonic Transformations of
Continuous Random Variable.

Unit-III
Multiple Random Variables
Vector Random Variables , Joint Distribution Function, Properties of Joint Distribution,
Marginal Distribution Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density, Statistical
Independence, Sum of Two Random Variables, Sum of Several Random Variables, Central
Limit Theorem: Unequal Distribution, Equal Distributions.
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Operations On Multiple Random Variables

Joint Moments about the Origin, Joint Central Moments, Joint Characteristic Functions, Jointly

Gaussian Random Variables: Two Random Variables case, N Random Variables case,
properties, Transformations of Multiple Random Variables, Linear Transformations of
Gaussian Random Variables.

Unit-IV
Random Processes–Temporal Characteristics
The Random Process Concept, Classification of Processes, Deterministic and Non
deterministic Processes, Distribution and Density Functions, Concept of Stationarity and
Statistical Independence. First-Order Stationary Processes, Second-order and Wide-Sense
Stationarity, Nth-order and Strict- Sense Stationarity, Time Averages and Ergodicity,
Autocorrelation Function and its Properties, Cross-Correlation Function and its Properties,
Covariance Functions, Gaussian Random Processes, Poisson Random Process.

Unit-V
Random Processes-Spectral characteristics
The Power Density Spectrum: Properties, Relationship between Power Density Spectrum and
Auto correlation Function, The Cross-Power Density Spectrum, Properties, Relationship
between Cross-Power Density Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function.
Linear Systems with Random Inputs
Random Signal Response of Linear Systems: System Response–Convolution, Mean and
Mean- squared Value of System Response, Auto correlation Function of Response, Cross-
Correlation Functions of Input and Output, Spectral Characteristics of System Response:
Power Density Spectrum of Response, Cross-Power Density Spectra of Input and Output.

Text Books:
1. Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles, PeytonZ.Peebles,
TMH,4thEdition,2001.
2. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, Athanasios Papoulis and
S.Unnikrisha, PHI,4thEdition,2002.
3. Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing, Henry Stark and
JohnW.Woods, Pearson Education, 3rdEdition, 2001.

Reference Books:
1. Schaum's Outline of Probability, Random Variables, and Random Processes,1997.
2. An Introduction to Random Signals and Communication Theory, B.P.Lathi, International
Textbook, 1968.
3. Probability Theory and Random Processes, P.Ramesh Babu, McGrawHill, 2015.
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II Year I Semester UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES – L T P C

Course Code: UNDERSTANDING HARMONY AND 2 1 0 3
1099232101 ETHICAL HUMAN CONDUCT

UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES – UNDERSTANDING HARMONY AND

ETHICAL HUMAN CONDUCT

Course Objectives:
 To develop a holistic perspective based on self-Exploration and Value Education. and
Understand the Methods to fulfill Human Aspirations.
 To Understand Harmony in Human Being.
 To Understand Harmony in the Family and Society.
 To Understand Harmony in Nature and its Existence.
 To understand Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Professional Ethics

Course Outcomes:
 Describe the Value Education
 Illustrate Understanding the activities in the Self and the activities in the Body.
 Discuss Harmony in Nature: The Four Orders in Nature.
 Demonstrate Defects in Ethical Human Conduct.
 Generalize Competence in Professional Ethics.

Course Topics
The course has 28 lectures and 14 tutorials in 5 modules. The lectures and tutorials are of 1-
hour duration. Tutorial sessions are to be used to explore and practice what has been proposed
during the lecture sessions.
The Teacher’s Manual provides the outline for lectures as well as practice sessions. The
teacher is expected to present the issues to be discussed as propositions and encourage the
students to have a dialogue.

UNIT I
Introduction to Value Education (6 lectures and 3 tutorials for practice session)
Lecture 1: Right Understanding, Relationship and Physical Facility (Holistic Development and
the Role of Education)
Lecture 2: Understanding Value Education
Tutorial 1: Practice Session PS1 Sharing about Oneself
Lecture 3: self-exploration as the Process for Value Education
Lecture4: Continuous Happiness and Prosperity – the Basic Human Aspirations
Tutorial 2: Practice Session PS2 Exploring Human Consciousness
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Lecture 5: Happiness and Prosperity – Current Scenario

Lecture 6: Method to Fulfill the Basic Human Aspirations
Tutorial 3: Practice Session PS3 Exploring Natural Acceptance

UNIT II
Harmony in the Human Being (6 lectures and 3 tutorials for practice session)
Lecture 7: Understanding Human being as the Co-existence of the self and the body.
Lecture 8: Distinguishing between the Needs of the self and the body
Tutorial 4: Practice Session PS4 Exploring the difference of Needs of self and body.
Lecture 9: The body as an Instrument of the self
Lecture 10: Understanding Harmony in the self
Tutorial 5: Practice Session PS5 Exploring Sources of Imagination in the self
Lecture 11: Harmony of the self with the body
Lecture 12: Programme to ensure self-regulation and Health
Tutorial 6: Practice Session PS6 Exploring Harmony of self with the body

UNIT III
Harmony in the Family and Society (6 lectures and 3 tutorials for practice session)
Lecture 13: Harmony in the Family – the Basic Unit of Human Interaction
Lecture 14: 'Trust' – the Foundational Value in Relationship
Tutorial 7: Practice Session PS7 Exploring the Feeling of Trust
Lecture 15: 'Respect' – as the Right Evaluation

Tutorial 8: Practice Session PS8 Exploring the Feeling of Respect

Lecture 16: Other Feelings, Justice in Human-to-Human Relationship
Lecture 17: Understanding Harmony in the Society
Lecture 18: Vision for the Universal Human Order
Tutorial 9: Practice Session PS9 Exploring Systems to fulfil Human Goal

UNIT IV
Harmony in the Nature/Existence (4 lectures and 2 tutorials for practice session)
Lecture 19: Understanding Harmony in the Nature
Lecture 20: Interconnectedness, self-regulation and Mutual Fulfilment among
the Four Orders of Nature
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Tutorial 10: Practice Session PS10 Exploring the Four Orders of Nature
Lecture 21: Realizing Existence as Co-existence at All Levels
Lecture 22: The Holistic Perception of Harmony in Existence
Tutorial 11: Practice Session PS11 Exploring Co-existence in Existence.

UNIT V
Implications of the Holistic Understanding – a Look at Professional Ethics (6 lectures and
3 tutorials for practice session)
Lecture 23: Natural Acceptance of Human Values
Lecture 24: Definitiveness of (Ethical) Human Conduct
Tutorial 12: Practice Session PS12 Exploring Ethical Human Conduct
Lecture 25: A Basis for Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Universal Human
Order
Lecture 26: Competence in Professional Ethics
Tutorial 13: Practice Session PS13 Exploring Humanistic Models in Education
Lecture 27: Holistic Technologies, Production Systems and Management Models-Typical Case
Studies
Lecture 28: Strategies for Transition towards Value-based Life and Profession
Tutorial 14: Practice Session PS14 Exploring Steps of Transition towards Universal Human
Order

Practice Sessions for UNIT I – Introduction to Value Education

PS1 Sharing about Oneself
PS2 Exploring Human Consciousness
PS3 Exploring Natural Acceptance

Practice Sessions for UNIT II – Harmony in the Human Being

PS4 Exploring the difference of Needs of self and body
PS5 Exploring Sources of Imagination in the self
PS6 Exploring Harmony of self with the body

Practice Sessions for UNIT III – Harmony in the Family and Society
PS7 Exploring the Feeling of Trust
PS8 Exploring the Feeling of Respect
PS9 Exploring Systems to fulfil Human Goal
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Practice Sessions for UNIT IV – Harmony in the Nature (Existence)

PS10 Exploring the Four Orders of Nature
PS11 Exploring Co-existence in Existence

Practice Sessions for UNIT V – Implications of the Holistic Understanding – a Look at

Professional Ethics
PS12 Exploring Ethical Human Conduct
PS13 Exploring Humanistic Models in Education
PS14 Exploring Steps of Transition towards Universal Human Order

Readings:
Textbook and Teachers Manual
a. The Textbook
R R Gaur, R Asthana, G P Bagaria, A Foundation Course in Human Values and Professional
Ethics, 2nd Revised Edition, Excel Books, New Delhi, 2019. ISBN 978-93-87034-47-1
b. The Teacher’s Manual
R R Gaur, R Asthana, G P Bagaria,Teachers’ Manual for A Foundation Course in Human
Values and Professional Ethics, 2nd Revised Edition, Excel Books, New Delhi, 2019. ISBN
978-93-87034-53-2
Reference Books
1. JeevanVidya: EkParichaya, A Nagaraj, JeevanVidyaPrakashan, Amarkantak, 1999.
2. Human Values, A.N. Tripathi, New Age Intl. Publishers, New Delhi, 2004.
3. The Story of Stuff (Book).
4. The Story of My Experiments with Truth - by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
5. Small is Beautiful - E. F Schumacher.Slow is Beautiful - Cecile Andrews
6. Economy of Permanence - J C Kumarappa
7. Bharat Mein Angreji Raj – PanditSunderlal
8. Rediscovering India - by Dharampal
9. Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule - by Mohandas K. Gandhi
10. India Wins Freedom - Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
11. Vivekananda - Romain Rolland (English)
12. Gandhi - Romain Rolland (English)

Mode of Conduct:
Lecture hours are to be used for interactive discussion, placing the proposals about the topics
at hand and motivating students to reflect, explore and verify them.
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Tutorial hours are to be used for practice sessions.

While analyzing and discussing the topic, the faculty mentor’s role is in pointing to essential
elements to help in sorting them out from the surface elements. In other words, help the students
explore the important or critical elements.
In the discussions, particularly during practice sessions (tutorials), the mentor encourages the
student to connect with one’s own self and do self-observation, self-reflection and self-
exploration.
Scenarios may be used to initiate discussion. The student is encouraged to take up ”ordinary”
situations rather than” extra-ordinary” situations. Such observations and their analyses are
shared and discussed with other students and faculty mentor, in a group sitting.
Tutorials (experiments or practical) are important for the course. The difference is that the
laboratory is everyday life, and practical are how you behave and work in real life. Depending
on the nature of topics, worksheets, home assignment and/or activity are included. The practice
sessions (tutorials) would also provide support to a student in performing actions
commensurate to his/her beliefs. It is intended that this would lead to development of
commitment, namely behaving and working based on basic human values.
It is recommended that this content be placed before the student as it is, in the form of a basic
foundation course, without including anything else or excluding any part of this content.
Additional content may be offered in separate, higher courses. This course is to be taught by
faculty from every teaching department, not exclusively by any one department.
Teacher preparation with a minimum exposure to at least one 8-day Faculty Development
Program on Universal Human Values is deemed essential.

Online Resources:
1. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/UHV-
II%20Class%20Notes%20&%20Handouts/UHV%20Handout%201-
Introduction%20to%20Value%20Education.pdf
2. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/UHV-
II%20Class%20Notes%20&%20Handouts/UHV%20Handout%202-
Harmony%20in%20the%20Human%20Being.pdf
3. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/UHV
II%20Class%20Notes%20&%20Handouts/UHV%20Handout%203-
Harmony%20in%20the%20Family.pdf
4. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/UHV%201%20Teaching%20Material/D3-
S2%20Respect%20July%2023.pdf
5. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/UHV-
II%20Class%20Notes%20&%20Handouts/UHV%20Handout%205-
Harmony%20in%20the%20Nature%20and%20Existence.pdf
6. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/download/FDPTeachingMaterial/3-days%20FDP-
SI%20UHV%20Teaching%20Material/Day%203%20Handouts/UHV%203D%20D3-
S2A%20Und%20Nature-Existence.pdf
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7. https://fdp-si.aicte- india.org /UHV%20II%20Teaching% 20Material/ UHV%

20II% 20Lecture%2023- 25%20Ethics%20v1.pdf
8. https://www.studocu.com/in/document/kiet-group-of-institutions/universal-human-
values/chapter-5-holistic-understanding-of-harmony-on-professional-ethics/62490385
9. https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/aic22_ge23/preview
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II Year I Semester L T P C
Course Code: SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 3 0 0 3
1004232101

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

Course Objectives:
 To study the basic concepts on signals and systems.
 To obtain the response of a LTI system to applied input signal and understand the
convolution and correlation functions.
 To state and prove the properties of Fourier series representation and Fourier
Transform.
 To understand the application of Laplace and Z-Transform to analyze signals.
 To understand the concept of Sampling a signal.

Course Outcomes:
 Describe the characteristics of various signals and systems.
 Determine the response characteristics of LTI systems using convolution function.
 Illustrate the Fourier analysis to examine the frequency spectrum of periodic and
aperiodic signals.
 Examine the response of continuous-time and discrete-time systems using Laplace
and Z- Transforms for various signals.
 Apply the concept of sampling to convert continuous-time signals to discrete-time
signals and reconstruct back.

UNIT-I
Signals & Systems: definition of signal & system, basic operations on signals, classification
of signals, basic continuous time signals and continuous time systems, classification of discrete
time signals and systems. Analogy between vectors and signals, Orthogonality, mean square
error, complete set of orthogonal functions. Vector spaces, Inner Product spaces, Bessel’s
inequality and Parseval’s relations.
UNIT-II
Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems: Time-Domain representation & Characterization of
LTI systems, Impulse response representation, Convolution integral & Convolution sum,
properties of LTI systems, Stability criteria for LTI systems, Elements of Continuous time &
Discrete-time LTI systems. Concepts of Correlation of signals, properties, applications.

UNIT-III
Fourier Representation of Signals: Fourier representation of Signals, Continuous -time
Fourier series and their properties, Application of Fourier series to LTI systems, Fourier
Transform & its properties, Applications of Fourier Transform to LTI systems, Discrete-time
Fourier Transform & its properties, Relationship to other transforms. Hilbert transform and its
properties.
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UNIT-IV
Laplace Transform: Introduction & Definition, Region-of- convergence, Properties of
Laplace transform, Inverse Laplace Transform, Applications of Laplace Transform in analysis
of LTI systems, Unilateral Laplace transform & its applications to solve differential equations.
Z-Transform: The Z-Transform, Region-of-convergence, properties of Z-Transform, Inverse
Z-Transform, Transform Analysis of Discrete-time LTI systems, Unilateral Z-Transform & its
applications to LTI systems described by difference equations.

UNIT-V
Sampling: Graphical & Analytical proof of Band-limited signals, Low pass and band pass
sampling theorems, sampling and reconstruction of band limited signals, Aliasing, Anti-
aliasing filter, Illustrative Problems.

Textbooks:

1. A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, “Signals and Systems”, 2nd Edition,
PHI, 2009.
2. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, B S Publications, 2003.
3. S.Haykin and B.VanVeen “Signals and Systems, Wiley, 1998.

Reference Books:

1. Signals and Systems – K Deergha Rao, Springer International Edition, 2018.

2. Principles of Linear Systems and Signals – BP Lathi, Oxford University Press, 2015
3. Hwei Hsu, “Schaum's Outline of Signals and Systems”, 4thEdition, TMH, 2019.
4. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems- Michel J. Robert, MGH International Edition,
2008.
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II Year I Semester L T P C
Course Code: ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS 3 0 0 3
1004232102

ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS

Course Objectives:
 To explain the PN junction and its applications.
 To examine Characteristics of transistors.
 To understand construction and working of transistors.
 To examine biasing and stabilization techniques.
 To study the small and large signal analysis of transistors
Course Outcomes:
 Compute various rectifier circuits based on their parameters.
 Illustrate the behavior of transistor in different configurations.
 Develop the Characteristics of transistor.
 Determine the stability factors for biasing circuits.
 Analyze the parameters of an amplifier using h-parameter

UNIT-I:
P-N Junction Diode Characteristics
Qualitative theory of the p-n junction, open circuited p-n Junction, the p-n junction as a Diode,
V-I characteristics and its temperature dependence, the current components in a p-n Diode,
Diode Resistance and Diode Capacitance, piece-wise linear model, Diode current equation,
Quantitative analysis of Half-wave and Full-wave Rectifiers with and without filters, Zener
diode as a voltage Regulator, LED, LCD, photo diode, solar cell.

UNIT-II:
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Characteristics
The junction transistor-construction, symbols and operation, transistor current components,
transistor current equation, transistor configurations, characteristics of CB, CE and CC
configurations and their comparison, the early effect, punch through/reach through, transistor
as an amplifier, Ebers-Moll model of a transistor, large signal, dc and small signal CE values
of current gain, analytical expressions for transistor characteristics, typical transistor-junction
voltages, transistor as a switch, transistor switching times, maximum voltage rating, photo
transistor.

UNIT-III:
Field Effect Transistor (FET) Characteristics
The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET)-types, construction and operation, the pinch-off
voltage, JFET characteristics, JFET parameters, JFET equivalent circuits, JFET applications,
comparison between BJT and JFET, Metal-oxide-Semiconductor FET (MOSFET)- types,
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Construction, operation and characteristics, comparison between JFET and MOSFET,

introduction to MOS, CMOS and Bi-CMOS logics, nMOS, CMOS and Bi-CMOS inverter
circuits and their operation.

UNIT-IV:
Transistor Biasing and Thermal Stabilization

Need for biasing, the operating point, load line analysis, BJT biasing- methods, fixed bias,
collector to base bias, self-bias, bias stability, stabilization against variations in VBE, IC, and β,
stability factors, (S, S', S'’), bias compensation, thermal runaway, thermal stability, Biasing of
FETs.

UNIT-V:
Small Signal Transistor Amplifier Circuits
Introduction to two-port network, transistor hybrid model, determination of h- parameters,
conversion of h-parameters, generalized analysis of transistor amplifier using h- parameters (exact
analysis & approximate analysis).
Low Frequency BJT & FET Amplifier Circuits: Analysis of CB, CE and CC amplifiers using
h-parameter model, comparison of BJT transistor amplifiers, FET small signal model, analysis
of CG, CS and CD amplifiers, comparison of FET amplifiers.
High Frequency BJT & FET Amplifier Circuits: Transistor at high frequencies, Hybrid- π
model, Hybrid-π conductance’s, Hybrid-π capacitances, Hybrid-π parameters in terms of h-
parameters, CE short circuit current gain, current gain with resistive load, high frequency
analysis of FET common source and common drain amplifier circuits.

Text Books:

1. Integrated Electronics – JacobMillman, C. Halkias, C.D.Parikh , Tata Mc-Graw Hill

Education (India) Private Limited, Second Edition, 2011.

2. Electronic Devices and Circuits- J. Millman, C. Halkias, Mc-Graw HillEducation

(India) Private Limited, Fourth Edition, 2015.

References:

1. Electronic Devices and Circuits- S Salivahanan, N Suresh Kumar, Tata Mc-Graw Hill,
Third Edition, 2012.

2. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory-R.L. Boylestad and LouisNashelsky, Pearson

Publications, Tenth Edition.
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II Year I Semester L T P C
Course Code: DIGITAL CIRCUITS DESIGN 3 0 0 3
1004232103
DIGITAL CIRCUITS DESIGN
Course Objectives:
 To discuss the basic philosophy underlying the various number systems, negative
number representation, binary arithmetic, binary codes.
 To understand the design and functionality of combinational logic circuits using basic
logic gates
 To understand sequential logic circuits design both in synchronous and Asynchronous
modes for various complex logic and switching devices.
 To make use of state diagrams and state table representation for the design of finite state
machines.
 To learn the basics of Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) for modeling both
combinational and sequential logic circuits.

Course Outcomes:
 Distinguish the number systems, Boolean theorems and logical operations.
 Describe minimization techniques and combinational logic circuits
 Apply knowledge of flip-flops in designing of registers and counters
 Discuss about different Finite State Machines and Programmable Logic Devices
 Illustrate various programs for digital circuits using Verilog HDL

UNIT-I
Boolean algebra, logic operations, and minimization of Boolean functions
Number Systems and Codes, Representation of unsigned and signed integers, Floating Point
representation of real numbers, Laws of Boolean Algebra, Theorems of Boolean Algebra,
Realization of functions using logic gates, Canonical forms of Boolean Functions,
Minimization of Functions using Karnaugh Maps, QM algorithm.

UNIT-II
Combinational Logic Circuits
Combinational circuits, Design with basic logic gates, design procedure, adders, subtractors,
4-bit binary adder/ subtractor circuit, BCD adder, carry look- a-head adder, magnitude
comparator, multiplexers, demultiplexers, decoders, encoders and priority encoders.

UNIT-III

Sequential Logic Circuits

Basic architectural distinction between combinational and sequential circuits, Design
procedure, latches, flip-flops, truth tables and excitation tables, timing and triggering
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consideration, conversion of flip- flops, registers, shift registers, universal shift register,
design of synchronous and asynchronous counters, ring counter, Johnson counter.

UNIT-IV
Finite State Machines and Programmable Logic Devices
Types of FSM, capabilities and limitations of FSM, state assignment, realization of FSM using
flip-flops, Mealy to Moore conversion and vice-versa, reduction of state tables using partition
technique, Design of sequence detector, Introduction to logic families, Types of PLD’s: PROM,
PAL, PLA, basic structure of CPLD and FPGA, advantages of FPGAs.

UNIT-V

Hardware Description Language

Introduction to Verilog- gate level, behavioral level and structural level modeling of logic
circuits, specification of logic circuits, hierarchical Verilog Code, Verilog for combinational
circuits - conditional operator, if-else statement, case statement, for loop, Verilog Operators,
using Verilog constructs for storage elements, Blocking and Non-blocking Assignments, flip-
flop with clear capability, Using Verilog Constructs for Registers and Counters.

Text Books:
1. M. Morris Mano, “Digital Design”, 3rd Edition, PHI. (Unit I to IV)
2. Stephen Brown and ZvonkoVranesic, “Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog
Design”, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill (Unit V)

Reference Books:
1. Charles H. Roth, Jr, “Fundamentals of Logic Design”, 4th Edition, Jaico Publishers.
2. ZviKohavi and NirajK.Jha, “Switching and Finite Automata Theory, 3rd Edition,
Cambridge University Press, 2010.
3. Samir Palnitkar, “Verilog HDL: A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis”, 2ndEdition,
Prentice Hall PTR.
4. D.P. Leach, A.P. Malvino, “Digital Principles and Applications”, TMH, 7th Edition.
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II Year I Semester L T P C
Course Code: ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS 0 0 3 1.5
1004232110 LAB

ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS LAB

Course Objectives:
 Verify the theoretical concepts by conduct suitable experiment using necessary
hardware.
 Analyze the characteristics of Diodes, Rectifiers, BJT, FET by conduct experiments.
 Design an amplifier circuit using specifications and obtain the performance parameters
experimentally.
 Simulate the electronic circuits using EDA tools like PSPICE/Multisim.

Course Outcomes:
 The theoretical concepts shall be verified by conducting experiment using hardware.
 Analyze the characteristics of Diodes, Rectifiers, BJT, FET by conducting
experiments.
 Design an amplifier circuit using specifications and obtain the performance parameters
using hardware equipment.
 Simulate the electronic circuits using EDA tools like PSPICE/Multisim or equivalent.

PART A: Electronic Workshop Practice

1. Identification, Specifications, Testing of R, L, C Components (Colour Codes),

Potentiometers, Coils, Gang Condensers, Relays, Bread Boards.

2. Identification, Specifications and Testing of active devices like Diode, LED, BJT, FET and
MOSFET.

3. Soldering Practice- Simple circuits using active and passive components.

4. Study and operation of Ammeters, Voltmeters, Transformers, Analog and Digital Multimeter,
Function Generator, Regulated Power Supply and CRO.

PART B: List of Experiments: (Minimum Twelve Experiments has to be performed)

1. P-N Junction Diode Characteristics

Part A: Germanium Diode (Forward bias& Reverse bias)

Part B: Silicon Diode (Forward Bias only)

2. Zener Diode Characteristics

Part A: V-I Characteristics

Part B: Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator

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3. Rectifiers (without and with c-filter)

Part A: Half-wave Rectifier

Part B: Full-wave Rectifier

4. BJT Characteristics (CE Configuration)

Part A: Input Characteristics

Part B: Output Characteristics

5. FET Characteristics (CS Configuration)

Part A: Drain Characteristics

Part B: Transfer Characteristics

6. Transistor Biasing

art A: Operating Point

Part B: Load line analysis

7. Design and analysis of voltage- divider bias/self-bias circuit using BJT.

8. Design and analysis of self-bias circuit using FET/MOSFET.

9. CRO Operation and its Measurements

10. Determination of h-parameters of a given BJT using hybrid model.

11. Frequency response of BJT-CE Amplifier

12. Frequency response of Emitter Follower-CC Amplifier

13. Frequency response of FET-CS Amplifier

14. Frequency response of FET-CD Amplifier

PART C:

Hardware Required: Regulated Power supplies, Analog/Digital Storage Oscilloscopes,

Analog/Digital Function Generators, Digital Multimeters, Decade Résistance
Boxes/Rheostats, Decade Capacitance Boxes, Ammeters (Analog or Digital), Voltmeters
(Analog or Digital), Active & Passive Electronic Components

Software Required: Software like Multisim/ PSPICE or Equivalent EDA Tool.

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II Year I Semester L T P C
Course Code: DIGITAL DESIGN & SIGNAL 0 0 3 1.5
1004232111 SIMULATION LAB

DIGITAL DESIGN & SIGNAL SIMULATION LAB

Course Objectives:
 Verify the truth tables of various logic circuits.
 Design sequential/combinational circuit using Hardware Description Language and
verify their functionality.
 Simulate various Signals and Systems through MATLAB
 Analyze the output of a system when it is excited by different types of deterministic
and random signals.

Course Outcomes:
 Model and verify the functionality of various combinational logic circuits using
Verilog HDL.
 Model and verify the functionality of sequential logic circuits using Verilog HDL.
 Demonstrate various operations for different types of signals.
 Understand how to simulate different types of signals and system response.
 Illustrate the frequency spectrum for periodic and aperiodic signals.
 Examine different properties of a Continuous System.

List of Experiments:
PART A
1. Design a simple combinational circuit with four variables and obtain minimal SOP
expression and verify the truth table.
2. Verify the of functionality of 3 to 8-line Decoder
3. 4 variable logic function verification using 8 to1 multiplexer.
4. Design and verify the functionality of full adder circuit, full subtractor.
5. Draw the circuit diagram of a single bit comparator and verify the output.
6. Design and verify the functionality of different flipflops
7. Design and verify the operation of 4-bit Universal Shift Register for different Modes of
operation.
8. Design up counter and down counters
9. Design MOD–8 synchronous counter /asynchronous counters.

Note: Any seven experiment are to be simulated using Hardware Description Language.

References:
1. M. Morris Mano, “Digital Design”, 3rd Edition, PHI
PART B:
1. Generate various Signals and Sequences: Periodic and Aperiodic, Unit Impulse, Unit
Step, Square, Saw tooth, Triangular, Sinusoidal, Ramp, Sinc function.
2. Operations on Signals and Sequences: Addition, Multiplication, Scaling, Shifting,
Folding, Computation of Energy and Average Power.
3. Write a program to find the trigonometric & exponential Fourier series coefficients of
a rectangular periodic signal. Reconstruct the signal by combining the Fourier series
coefficients with appropriate weightings- Plot the discrete spectrum of the signal.
4. Write a program to find Fourier transform of a given signal. Plot its amplitude and
phase spectrum.
5. Write a program to find autocorrelation and cross correlation of given sequences.
6. Write a program to verify Linearity and Time Invariance properties of a given
Continuous System.
7. Write a program to generate discrete time sequence by sampling a continuous time
signal. Show that with sampling rates less than Nyquist rate, aliasing occurs while
reconstructing the signal.
8. Write a program to generate Complex Gaussian noise and find its mean, variance,
Probability Density Function (PDF) and Power Spectral Density (PSD).
Note: Any seven experiments are to be simulated using MATLAB or equivalent software.

References:
Stephen J. Chapman, “MATLAB Programming for Engineers”, Cengage, November 2012.
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II Year I Semester L T P C
Course Code: Python Programming 0 1 2 2
1005232180

Python Programming
(Skill Enhancement Course)
Course Objectives:
 Introduce core programming concepts of Python programming language.
 Demonstrate about Python data structures like Lists, Tuples, Sets and dictionaries
 Implement Functions, Modules and Regular Expressions in Python Programming and to
create practical and contemporary applications using these
 Implement Dictionary keys in python convert this dictionary as a pandas data frame

Course Outcomes:
 Write a program to define a function using default arguments
 Write a program to sum all the items in a given dictionary
 Write a program to define a function with multiple return values.
 Python program to check whether a JSON string contains complex object or not

UNTI-I:
History of Python Programming Language, Thrust Areas of Python, Installing Anaconda
Python Distribution, Installing and Using Jupyter Notebook.
Parts of Python Programming Language: Identifiers, Keywords, Statements and
Expressions,
Variables, Operators, Precedence and Associativity, Data Types, Indentation, Comments,
Reading Input, Print Output, Type Conversions, the type () Function and Is Operator, Dynamic
and Strongly Typed Language.

Control Flow Statements: if statement, if-else statement, if...elif…else, Nested if statement,

while Loop, for Loop, continue and break Statements, Catching Exceptions Using try and
except Statement.
Sample Experiments:
1. Write a program to find the largest element among three Numbers.
2. Write a Program to display all prime numbers within an interval
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3. Write a program to swap two numbers without using a temporary variable.

4. Demonstrate the following Operators in Python with suitable examples.
i) Arithmetic Operators ii) Relational Operators iii) Assignment Operators iv) Logical
Operators v) Bit wise Operators vi) Ternary Operator vii) Membership Operators viii)
Identity Operators
5. Write a program to add and multiply complex numbers
6. Write a program to print multiplication table of a given number.

UNIT-II:
Functions: Built-In Functions, Commonly Used Modules, Function Definition and Calling the
function, return Statement and void Function, Scope and Lifetime of Variables, Default
Parameters, Keyword Arguments, *args and **kwargs, Command Line Arguments.
Strings: Creating and Storing Strings, Basic String Operations, Accessing Characters in String
by Index Number, String Slicing and Joining, String Methods, Formatting Strings.
Lists: Creating Lists, Basic List Operations, Indexing and Slicing in Lists, Built-In Functions
Used on Lists, List Methods, del Statement.
Sample Experiments:
7. Write a program to define a function with multiple return values.
8. Write a program to define a function using default arguments.
9. Write a program to find the length of the string without using any library functions.
10. Write a program to check if the substring is present in a given string or not.
11. Write a program to perform the given operations on a list:
i. Addition ii. Insertion iii. slicing
12. Write a program to perform any 5 built-in functions by taking any list.

UNIT-III:
Dictionaries: Creating Dictionary, Accessing and Modifying key:value Pairs in Dictionaries,
Built-In Functions Used on Dictionaries, Dictionary Methods, del Statement.
Tuples and Sets: Creating Tuples, Basic Tuple Operations, tuple() Function, Indexing and
Slicing in Tuples, Built-In Functions Used on Tuples, Relation between Tuples and Lists,
Relation between Tuples and Dictionaries, Using zip() Function, Sets, Set Methods, Frozenset.
Sample Experiments:
13.Write a program to create tuples (name, age, address, college) for at least two members
and concatenate the tuples and print the concatenated tuples.
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14. Write a program to count the number of vowels in a string (No control flow allowed).
15. Write a program to check if a given key exists in a dictionary or not.
16. Write a program to add a new key-value pair to an existing dictionary.
17. Write a program to sum all the items in a given dictionary.

UNIT-IV:
Files: Types of Files, Creating and Reading Text Data, File Methods to Read and Write Data,
Reading and Writing Binary Files, Pickle Module, Reading and Writing CSV Files, Python os
and os.path Modules.
Object-Oriented Programming: Classes and Objects, Creating Classes in Python, Creating
Objects in Python, Constructor Method, Classes with Multiple Objects, Class Attributes Vs
Data Attributes, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism.
Sample Experiments:
18.Write a program to sort words in a file and put them in another file. The output files
should have only lower-case words, so any upper-case words from source must be
lowered.
19. Python program to print each line of a file in reverse order.
20. Python program to compute the number of characters, words and lines in a file.
21.Write a program to create, display, append, insert and reverse the order of the items in
the array.
22. Write a program to add, transpose and multiply two matrices.
23. Write a Python program to create a class that represents a shape. Include methods to
calculate its area and perimeter. Implement subclasses for different shapes like circle,
triangle, and square.

UNIT-V:
Introduction to Data Science: Functional Programming, JSON and XML in Python, NumPy
with Python, Pandas.
Sample Experiments:
24. Python program to check whether a JSON string contains complex object or not.
25. Python Program to demonstrate NumPy arrays creation using array () function.
26. Python program to demonstrate use of ndim, shape, size, dtype.
27. Python program to demonstrate basic slicing, integer and Boolean indexing.
28. Python program to find min, max, sum, cumulative sum of array
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29. Create a dictionary with at least five keys and each key represent value as a list where
this list contains at least ten values and convert this dictionary as a pandas data frame
and explore the data through the data frame as follows:
a) Apply head () function to the pandas data frame
b) Perform various data selection operations on Data Frame
30. Select any two columns from the above data frame, and observe the change in one
attribute with respect to other attribute with scatter and plot operations in matplotlib

Reference Books:
1. Gowri shankar S, Veena A., Introduction to Python Programming, CRC Press.
2. Python Programming, S Sridhar, J Indumathi, V M Hariharan, 2nd Edition, Pearson,
2024
3. Introduction to Programming Using Python, Y. Daniel Liang, Pearson.
Online Learning Resources/Virtual Labs:
1. https://www.coursera.org/learn/python-for-applied-data-science-ai
2. https://www.coursera.org/learn/python?specialization=python#syllabus
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II Year I Semester L T P C
Course Code: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2 0 0 0
1000232125

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Course Objectives:
 Basic understanding of the ecosystem and its diversity.
 Overall understanding of the natural resources.
 Acquaintance on various environmental challenges induced due to unplanned
anthropogenic activities.
 Awareness on the social issues, environmental legislation and global treaties.
 An understanding of the environmental impact of developmental activities.

Course Outcomes:
 Describe the Natural resources and their importance for the sustenance of the life and
learn to conserve the natural resources.
 Interpret the concepts of Eco-system and its function in the environment.
 Predict the control or reduce pollution with waste management practices.
 Illustrate Environmental legislations of India and the first global initiatives towards
sustainable development with Case Studies.
 Relate human Population size to natural resources and resource Consumption.

UNIT I
Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies: – Definition, Scope and Importance –
Need for Public Awareness.
Natural Resources : Renewable and non-renewable resources – Natural resources and
associated problems – Forest resources – Use and over – exploitation, deforestation, case
studies – Timber extraction – Mining, dams and other effects on forest and tribal people – Water
resources – Use and over utilization of surface and ground water – Floods, drought, conflicts
over water, dams – benefits and problems – Mineral resources: Use and exploitation,
environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies – Food resources:
World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern
agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. – Energy
resources:
UNIT II
Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem. – Structure and function of an ecosystem – Producers,
consumers and decomposers – Energy flow in the ecosystem – Ecological succession – Food
chains, food webs and ecological pyramids – Introduction, types, characteristic features,
structure and function of the following ecosystem:
a. Forest ecosystem.
b. Grassland ecosystem
c. Desert ecosystem.
d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
Biodiversity and its Conservation : Introduction 0 Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem
diversity – Bio-geographical classification of India – Value of biodiversity: consumptive use,
Productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values – Biodiversity at global, National
and local levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – Hot-sports of biodiversity – Threats to
biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – Endangered and
endemic species of India – Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of
biodiversity.
UNIT III
Environmental Pollution: Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of :
a. Air Pollution.
b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution
d. Marine pollution
e. Noise pollution
f. Thermal pollution
g. Nuclear hazards

Solid Waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial
wastes – Role of an individual in prevention of pollution – Pollution case studies – Disaster
management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
UNIT IV
Social Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable development –
Urban problems related to energy – Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed
management – Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case
studies – Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions – Climate change, global
warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies –
Wasteland reclamation. – Consumerism and waste products. – Environment Protection Act. –
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. – Water (Prevention and control of Pollution)
Act – Wildlife Protection Act – Forest Conservation Act – Issues involved in enforcement of
environmental legislation – Public awareness.
UNIT V
Human Population and the Environment: Population growth, variation among nations.
Population explosion – Family Welfare Programmes. – Environment and human health –
Human Rights – Value Education – HIV/AIDS – Women and Child Welfare – Role of
information Technology in Environment and human health – Case studies.
Field Work: Visit to a local area to document environmental assets River/forest
grassland/hill/mountain – Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural
Study of common plants, insects, and birds – river, hill slopes, etc..

Textbooks:
1. Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses Erach Bharucha for
University Grants Commission, Universities Press.
2. Palaniswamy, “Environmental Studies”, Pearson education
3. S.Azeem Unnisa, “Environmental Studies” Academic Publishing Company
4. K.Raghavan Nambiar, “Text book of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses
as per UGC model syllabus”, Scitech Publications (India), Pvt. Ltd.
References:
1. Deeksha Dave and E.Sai Baba Reddy, “Textbook of Environmental Science”, Cengage
Publications.
2. M.Anji Reddy, “Text book of Environmental Sciences and Technology”, BS
Publication.
3. J.P.Sharma, Comprehensive Environmental studies, Laxmi publications.
4. J. Glynn Henry and Gary W. Heinke, “Environmental Sciences and Engineering”,
Prentice Hall of India Private limited
5. G.R.Chatwal, “A Text Book of Environmental Studies” Himalaya Publishing House
6. Gilbert M. Masters and Wendell P. Ela, “Introduction to Environmental Engineering
and Science, Prentice Hall of India Private limited.