Oil Sales Guide

REVISED SPRING 2013

 Engine Oil

CONTENTS
Engine Oil .............................................................................1–9 Marketing ........................................................................ 31–33
Plus-50™ II Premium Engine Oil 15W-40, 10W-30, Analyze the Competition .................................................... 31
and 0W-40 ......................................................................1 Buy Smart .......................................................................... 31
JDQ-78X Test .......................................................................2 Develop a Sales Strategy .................................................... 31
JDQ-78X Test Conditions......................................................2 Sell in the Field ..................................................................31
Superior Dispersants and Soot Handling ..............................2 Sell at the Parts Counter ....................................................32
Pistons from the JDQ-78X Test.............................................2 Related Selling ...................................................................32
Extended Drain Intervals — Only with Plus-50 II ..................3 Telephone Marketing .........................................................32
Performance-Level Comparison ...........................................4 John Deere Plus-50 II Price-Comparison Form ....................33
Engine Tests for API CJ-4 .....................................................4
General Information .........................................................34–47
Plus-50 II Premium Synthetic Engine Oil (0W-40) .................5
Base Oil .............................................................................34
Break-In™ Plus, Special-Purpose Engine Oil ..........................5
Facts About Oil and Its Usage.............................................34
Torq-Gard™ Engine Oil .........................................................6
Storing and Handling Oils...................................................35
Plus-4™ Automotive Engine Oil.............................................7
Disposing of Oil .................................................................36
Turf-Gard™ 4-Cycle Motor Oil ...............................................7
Glossary of Oil Terminology................................................36
Engine Oil-Service Classification ..........................................8
Engine Oil ..........................................................................38
Chemical and Physical Properties .........................................9
Engine Oil Classifications ...................................................39
John Deere Engine Oils Air-Temperature Chart .....................9
SAE Viscosity Grades ..........................................................39
Transmission and Hydraulic Oil ......................................... 10–15 SAE J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification .......................39
Hy-Gard™ and Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard Transmission Viscosity Test .....................................................................40
and Hydraulic Oil............................................................ 10 Multi-Viscosity Oils ............................................................40
Wet Brake Test................................................................... 11 Summary of SAE Viscosity Grades ......................................40
Wet Clutch Test.................................................................. 12 Performance Ratings .........................................................40
Gear Test ........................................................................... 12 API Service Categories for Engine Oils ................................ 41
Slow-Cool Fluidity Test....................................................... 13 Military Specifications .......................................................42
Air-Temperature Chart — John Deere Hy-Gard Hydraulic Engine Oil Additives ...........................................................42
Transmission Oils ........................................................... 14 Engine Oil Contaminants....................................................43
Bio Hy-Gard II Hydraulic Transmission Oil ........................... 14 Transmission — Hydraulic Oil.............................................44
Transmission — Hydraulic Oil Properties............................45 Plus-50™ II Premium Engine Oil 15W-40, – Formulated specifically to inhibit wear, corrosion, sludge,
Other Lubricants .............................................................. 16–19 soot, varnish, and oxidation.
Excavator Hydraulic Fluid ................................................... 16
Hydraulic Oil Requirements ................................................45 10W-30, and 0W-40
Hydraulic Oil Properties .....................................................45 – Delivers excellent low-temperature performance.
Forestry Equipment Hydraulic Fluid ................................... 17 Applications
Gear Oil..............................................................................46 – Proven performance in low-emission engines.
Combine Feederhouse Synthetic Gear Lubricant ................ 18
Gear Oil Requirements .......................................................46 Plus-50 II Premium Engine Oil has been developed to meet the
Allison Automatic Transmission Fluid TES-295.................... 19 – Full-fleet solution.
Gear Oil Ratings .................................................................46 needs of John Deere engines, both modern and heritage. It is
Grease ..............................................................................20–27 Military (MIL) or Manufacturer’s Specifications ..................46 recommended for all 4-stroke naturally aspirated, turbocharged, – Unsurpassed performance in John Deere JDQ-78X diesel
Multi-Purpose SD Polyurea High-Temperature Extreme- SAE Gear Oil Classification ................................................. 47 and supercharged diesel engines, including those with Diesel engine oil dyno test.
Pressure (EP) Grease ......................................................22 Mixing Gear Lubricants ...................................................... 47 Particulate Filters (DPF), Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), – Compatible with biodiesel fuels and tested with B20
Multi-Purpose Heavy-Duty Lithium Complex Grease ..........22 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), and Cooled Exhaust Gas biodiesel blend.
Questions and Answers ....................................................48–53
Multi-Purpose Extreme-Duty Synthetic Grease ..................23 Recirculation (EGR). Examples of applications include heavy-duty
Introduction ......................................................................48 *Plus-50 II is guaranteed to perform in and withstand any worksite condition.
Multi-Purpose Lithium Grease ...........................................23 off-road equipment, on-road trucks, 4-cycle marine engines,
Storing and Handling Oils...................................................48 John Deere will pay for any engine damage caused by a Plus-50 II oil defect
Special-Purpose Golf and Turf Cutting Unit Grease ............ 24 natural gas engines, pickups, and automobiles. Plus-50 II is also when used with a John Deere filter. Oil defect needs to be verified by routine
Requirements ....................................................................48
Special-Purpose Heavy-Duty (HD) Water-Resistant recommended for use in all current and previous applications and timely oil analysis, and confirmed to be unadulterated and non-contam-
Ratings ..............................................................................48
Grease ...........................................................................24 where Plus-50 has been in use. inated. Plus-50 II must meet the engine manufacturer’s specifications for
Engine Oil Additives ...........................................................48 service and application, and must be used under normal operating conditions
Special-Purpose Corn Head Grease ....................................25
Engine Oil Contamination ..................................................48 Plus-50 II* is an exclusive John Deere formula that meets or in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The engine must
Special-Purpose Heavy-Duty (HD) Moly Grease ..................25
Transmission Hydraulic Oil .................................................49 exceeds current industry requirements and is highly be operating with John Deere Plus-50 II and a John Deere filter, the engine oil
Cotton Picker Spindle Lubricants/John Deere volume must be maintained above the fill mark, and the engine must be
Gear Oil..............................................................................49 recommended for use in all engines requiring oil with API service
Spindle Grease ...............................................................26 operating within the specifications of the factory-rated power output. To
Grease ...............................................................................49 categories of CJ-4, CI-4 PLUS, CI-4, CH-4, and CG-4, as well as
John Deere Spindle Cleaner ................................................27 make a claim under warranty, report the product failure to an authorized
Hydraulic Oil ......................................................................49 SM, SL, and SJ. John Deere dealer. John Deere disclaims all liability for indirect or consequen-
John Deere Spindle Wetting Agent.....................................27
Plus-50 II ...........................................................................49 tial damages. Your rights and remedies pertaining to this warranty are limited
Features and benefits:
Oil Analysis .......................................................................28–30 Hy-Gard Hydraulic and Transmission Oil ............................. 51 as set forth herein. Implied warranties of merchantability and fitness are not
Oil Analysis Introduction ....................................................28 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) ....................................52 – Superior protection for current and older engines. made and are excluded.
The Process .......................................................................28 Oil Analysis Preventive Maintenance ..................................53 – Extended drain intervals up to 500 hours when using Plus-50 II
†
Note: We strongly recommend that all John Deere engines use Plus-50 II oil to
The Programs ....................................................................29 Conclusion .........................................................................53 ensure optimal performance, including extended drain-interval options.
and John Deere filters in a John Deere engine.† Review the service-interval recommendations for each type of engine as
Selling and Promotional Ideas ............................................29
described in the next section.

1
 Engine Oil Engine Oil

JDQ-78X Test Superior Dispersants and Soot Handling Extended Drain Intervals — Only with Plus-50 II Service intervals for John Deere IT4 emission-certified diesel
engines
In the development of Plus-50 II, John Deere engineers test the –– Soot is a combustion by-product that collects in the oil and Service intervals
oil under the most extreme conditions using the JDQ-78X engine can cause excessive wear on engine parts. Operators must follow the engine-oil and filter service interval
Oil and filter service intervals in John Deere diesel engines are recommendations in the Operator’s Manual.
dyno test. The JDQ-78X test uses a John Deere engine that is run –– To reduce the adverse effects of soot, soot particles must be based on a combination of factors, including:
for 500 hours at full load and high heat to thoroughly test the dispersed evenly in the oil throughout the drain interval. These engines are designed to deliver power while operating at
cap­abilities of the oil. At the end of the test we evaluate the engine 1. The type of engine oil and filter in the application. a reduced emission level. They must use diesel fuel with 15 ppm
parts and the oil to determine how well the oil protects the engine –– If soot is not dispersed in oil properly, the soot particles stick
2. The sulfur content of the diesel fuel. or less sulfur (ULSD) and diesel engine oil rated at API CJ-4, ACEA
and how long the oil will last under such extreme conditions. to each other and form larger agglomerates.
E9, or ACEA E6 to remain in compliance with emission regula-
–– The larger soot agglomerates cause the oil to thicken and plug 3. The volume of oil in the system.
The JDQ-78X off-road engine dyno test also incorporates the tions. Use of other specification fuel or oils in IT4 and Stage IIIB
latest in engine-emission technology and fuel options. The JDQ- filters; the soot then behaves as an abrasive that reduces the 4. The power output of the engine. engines can result in emission noncompliance and premature
78X test ensures that Plus-50 II will protect our heavy-duty off- lubricating capability of the oil. DPF service requirements. John Deere Plus-50 II is the product
We recommend changing the oil and oil filter at least once every
road diesel engines and our reputation. Plus-50 II exceeds the recommended for these applications and the only product(d)
Feature: Plus-50 II has excellent soot-handling capability. 12 months, even if the hours of operation are fewer than the
demands of the John Deere JDQ-78X high-temperature perfor- approved for extended service intervals in John Deere diesel
otherwise recommended service interval.
mance test. JDQ-78X is the most severe diesel engine test for Advantage: Plus-50 II retains its viscosity and protects better engines.
high-temperature oil oxidation in the industry. The proven perfor- than industry CJ-4, CI-4 PLUS, CI-4, and CH-4 oils. Service intervals for John Deere Tier 3 emission-certified and
older diesel engines On-road diesel fuel in the United States is delivered at 15-ppm sulfur ULSD. Off-
(a)

mance in the JDQ-78X, along with extensive field testing, allows Benefit: Plus-50 II provides superior lubrication for longer engine road diesel regulations stipulated this same 15-ppm sulfur level as of June 1, 2010.
extended drain intervals up to 500 hours when using Plus-50 II life and maximum drain intervals, resulting in cost savings. Operators using John Deere Tier 3 emission-certified and older This 500-hour service interval is now possible in John Deere Tier 3 emission-
(b)

and John Deere filters for your John Deere engine. diesel engines may now utilize 500-hour oil and filter service certified and older diesel engines because of two favorable factors: At the
intervals beyond what is published in the Operator’s Manual time when these engines were placed into service, operating conditions
Pistons from the JDQ-78X Test delivered with the machine when all of the following conditions regarding oil class and fuel types were different. Engines beginning service
JDQ-78X Test Conditions are met:
in the U.S. before the 1990s were operating with API CE-4 or lower service
Competitive oil leaves soot and more deposits in the land and class oils. The diesel fuel for on-road applications was at 5,000-ppm sulfur,
– 500 hours – IT4 EGR rate – 15% EGR groove area and undercrown area of the piston, which can cause with off-road up to 10,000 ppm. Environmental concerns and industry
– >140°C sump 1. John Deere Plus-50 II and John Deere filters are used. regulations have driven improvements to the oil types available, as well as
– Biodiesel proven – fueled with B20 rings to perform differently than designed and heat retention.
significant reductions in the sulfur level of diesel fuel. John Deere Plus-50 II
– 125 kW (168 hp) – No make-up oil added Plus-50 II is formulated for tougher off-road conditions to reduce 2. Use of Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel with a sulfur con-
is designed for performance through longer service intervals, handling
piston deposits so the engine will perform for a long time. tent less than 0.0015% (15mg/kg) and 15 ppm is required.(a) the heat and contaminants of combustion, while maintaining viscosity,
250
PDSC Oxidation Reserve (minutes)

3. The original volume oil pan (or larger) that was delivered lubricity, detergency, dispersants, and acid-buffering properties. Diesel fuel
sulfur levels have been reduced from as much as 10,000 ppm to the current
with the engine is still in use and the oil level is maintained
200 15 ppm, equating to the elimination of over 99.5% sulfur. These converging
at normal volumes through the service interval.(b) factors deliver the achievement of 500-hour service intervals with the oil
4. The engine is operating within the system capacity already designed into existing John Deere Tier 3 emission-
150 certified and older diesel engines.
original factory specifications
affecting power output, Engines operating with any modifications to increase the rated
(c)

100 including engine

power output or fuel-consumption rate are not approved for
extended oil-service intervals. John Deere cannot be held
control units (ECUs) responsible for any experience related to engines or systems
50 and fuel-delivery in this condition.
systems.(c) Break-In Plus is also recommended for and supports
(d)

0 If any of the above conditions

an initial oil-service interval equal to that of
100 200 300 400 500   Plus-50 II.
are not met, refer to the
JDQ-78X Run Time (hours) Operator’s Manual for the
equipment/engine for the
John Deere Competitive Competitive
engine-oil and filter service
Plus-50 II Premium Oil C Premium Oil S
recommendations.

Competitor CJ-4 Premium Oil Plus-50 II Premium Oil

2 3
 Engine Oil Engine Oil

Performance-Level Comparison Cummins ISM

–– Oil is not just oil. There is a difference between high-perfor- 25 60

mance oils and oils that just meet the minimum industry 49 max. 50

Oil Filter Plugging

20 19 max.

Adjusting Screw
requirements.

@ 250 Hours

Weight Loss
40
15

Plus-50 II
–– Universal competitive oils in the marketplace only have to

Plus-50 II
30
meet minimum performance levels set by the API. Using 10

CJ-4 Limit

CJ-4 Limit
20
minimum-level oils will result in reduced performance and
5 9.6
shorter engine life. 3 10

0 0
–– John Deere Plus-50 II Premium Engine Oil exceeds all industry
requirements, plus it meets the high standards set by John Deere
engineers. Mack T-12
30 40

Plus-50 II
–– John Deere Plus-50 II Premium Engine Oil is developed to give 35 max.

Cylinder Liner Wear

24 max.
the maximum engine protection and the longest life possible. 30

Lead Increase
20

Plus-50 II
During the course of oil development and qualification, we test
the oil under extreme conditions using the JDQ-78X engine test:
17
20 Plus-50™ II Premium Synthetic Engine Oil (0W-40) Break-In™ Plus, Special-Purpose Engine Oil

CJ-4 Limit

CJ-4 Limit
–– This test was developed by John Deere as a standardized test.
10 Plus-50 II Premium Synthetic Engine Oil (0W-40) is excellent for Break-In Plus is a special-purpose engine oil developed to be
9 10
It is the most severe diesel engine test in the industry. all climates; however, it was specifically developed for customers used in rebuilt or remanufactured engines and new John Deere
0 0
who operate equipment in extremely cold conditions and want engines during the initial break-in period.
–– It involves running a John Deere engine for 500 continuous to maximize engine life and performance.
hours at very high temperatures with no make-up oil added. This next-generation oil is formulated to provide a controlled
Caterpillar 1N Applications environment for piston rings and cylinder liners to establish
–– The objectives of the test are to stress the oil by making it a good mating surface for maximum performance and long
25 0.6
oxidize and to measure the deposits and wear. Excellent for all diesel engines requiring 0W-40 viscosity and API
Top Groove Fill (Carbon)

engine life. At the same time, Break-In Plus provides the

20 20 max. 0.5 max. 0.5 Service Categories CJ-4 and SM.
Plus-50 II
–– This is the primary engine oil test used by John Deere to necessary wear protection for the valve train and gears.

Oil Consumption
Break-Specific
0.4
determine how well an oil will perform in heavy-duty, off- Features and benefits:

Plus-50 II
15
Application
road applications. 0.3
10 –– Unique to John Deere — formulated with exclusive Plus-50 II
9 Break-In Plus is designed to be used in rebuilt or remanufac-
CJ-4 Limit

CJ-4 Limit
0.2
performance additives and 100-percent PAO (polyalphaolefin)
Engine Tests for API CJ-4 0.13 tured engines and new John Deere engines for the initial oil-
5 0.1 synthetic base oil.
service interval. Operate the engine under various conditions,
In addition to our own extensive testing, we also participate 0 0 –– Excellent for other brands of diesel engines. particularly heavy loads with minimal idling, to help seat engine
in all of the tests that define the minimum requirements of –– Excellent for all automotive and heavy- and light-duty diesel components properly.
API CJ-4 oil. For the comparisons represented by these graphs, General Motors IIIG
engines. Break-In Plus delivers performance and protection for an initial
lubricant test results must be at or below the CJ-4 limit to 75 200

be approved. Lower is better. These results represent the –– Synthetic base stock with Plus-50 II additives provides excellent service interval equal to that of our premium Plus-50 II. During

Kinematic Viscosity
60 max.
the initial operation of a new or remanufactured engine with
Average Cam and

60 150 max.
performance in a temperature range of –40ºC to 50ºC (–40ºF

Increase @ 40°C
Plus-50 II

magnitude of which Plus-50 II exceeds the performance metrics 139 150

Lifter Wear

that make up the API requirements for CJ-4. 45 to 122ºF). Break-In Plus, change the oil and filter between a minimum of
100 100 hours and a maximum of up to 500 hours. The 100-hour
–– Additive package reduces engine wear and provides superior
30
minimum applies to all new or remanufactured engines, regard-
CJ-4 Limit

CJ-4 Limit
Plus-50 II

27.6
protection against high-temperature thickening compared to
50 less of tier rating. The maximum service interval is the same
15 competitive oils; offers additional protection in neutralizing
as the service-interval recommendations for Plus-50 and/or
corrosive acids formed as by-products of combustion.
0 0 Plus-50 II, up to 500 hours. Check your Operator’s Manual for
–– Formulated specifically to inhibit oxidation, deposit, corrosion, the maximum interval recommendation.
and wear with superior soot control.
Features and benefits:
–– Performance is equal to Plus-50 II 15W-40 in wear-reduction
and antioxidation tests. –– Contains special additives to control piston ring and liner
seating without scuffing.
–– Provides maximum sludge and varnish control.
–– These additives allow rings and liners to seat while protecting
–– Superior low-temperature fluidity reduces engine startup wear the valve train and gears from wear.
in cold weather.
–– Piston rings and liners establish a good wear pattern for
–– Extended drain intervals — up to 500 hours when using maximum performance and extended engine life.
Plus-50 II and John Deere filters in a John Deere engine.
–– Reduces maintenance costs and downtime, and extends
engine life.

4 5
 Engine Oil Engine Oil

Break-In™ Plus provides two major differences from traditional

Break-In oil:
–– Meets the oil requirements for IT4 engines and supports all
legacy engines.
–– Service drain interval up to 500 hours.*
John Deere Break-In Plus Engine Oil can be used for all John Deere
diesel engines at all emission-certification levels.

*Always follow Operator’s Manual.

Initial service intervals

The initial break-in service interval of a new or remanufactured
wet-sleeve engine with Break-In Plus must be at least 100 hours
to ensure the surface mating of the rings and liners. The 100- Torq-Gard™ Engine Oil Plus-4™ Automotive Engine Oil Turf-Gard™ 4-Cycle Motor Oil
hour minimum applies to all new or remanufactured wet-sleeve
When you are looking for hardworking, standard-interval engine Applications Applications
John Deere diesel engines, regardless of tier-certification level.
oil, Torq-Gard is a great choice. It protects in a broad range of
SAE 10W-30 SAE 10W-40, SAE 10W-30, and SAE 5W-30
The maximum initial oil-service interval when using Break-In applications, including 2- and 4-stroke diesel, natural gas, and
Plus is the same as the service-interval recommendations for gasoline engines. Recommended for automobiles, trucks, lawn and garden tractors, –– Recommended for all 4-cycle gasoline engines used in lawn
Plus-50 II. and other 4-cycle gasoline engines requiring the API SM service and garden tractors, riders, walk-behinds, edgers, shredders,
Applications
classification. commercial mowers, tillers, generators, and other outdoor
The table below indicates both the minimum and maximum
SAE 15W-40 powered equipment.
recommended initial intervals when using Break-In Plus, Features:
Break-In, or a blend of the two. Recommended for both diesel and gasoline engines in all types of –– Recommended for automotive gasoline engines requiring
–– Multi-viscosity provides rapid oil circulation in cold and hot API SM* classification oil.
service; ideal for mixed commercial fleets.
Initial Engine Oil Service Interval(1) weather.
SAE 10W-30 –– Meets ILSAC GF-4* and “Energy Conservation Classification”
–– Provides wear protection. for improved fuel economy.
John Deere Tier 3 John Deere Interim
Break-in Period Emission-Certified and Tier 4 and Stage IIIB Premium quality recommended for both diesel and gasoline –– Keeps engine clean. *Does not apply to Turf-Gard 10W-40, which is API SL and ILSAC GF-3.
Oil Options Older Model Diesel Emission-Certified engines in all types of service; ideal for mixed commercial fleets.
Engines(2) Diesel Engines(2) –– Exceeds the requirement of API service category SM. Features and benefits:
SAE 5W-30
Min. Max. (3)
Min. Max. (3) –– Meets ILSAC GF-4 and “Energy Conservation Classification” for –– Keeps engine clean.
See High-performance oil that offers maximum protection for diesel improved fuel economy.
Break-In Plus 100 hours 500 hours 100 hours Operator’s and gasoline engines where excellent low-temperature pump- –– Provides effective engine wear protection.
Manual ability is required. –– Provides fuel-efficient lubrication.
Break-In Plus and Not Not
100 hours 250 hours SAE 30 –– Multiple viscosity produces rapid oil circulation in cold and hot
Break-In Mixed allowed allowed
Not Not weather for excellent performance.
Break-In 100 hours 250 hours Recommended for all diesels and gasoline, as well as natural gas
allowed allowed –– Recommended for John Deere equipment and meets or
engines with superior wear, oxidation, and deposit characteristics.
exceeds manufacturers’ engine warranty requirements.
(1)
S pecific to John Deere diesel engines using John Deere filters, using ULSD at 15 ppm or less SAE 10W
sulfur content, with the engine operating within the original factory specifications affecting
rated power output, including engine control units (ECUs) and fuel-delivery systems. Exclusively formulated for cold weather, on- and off-highway,
(2)
Consult with the Operator’s Manual for break-in procedures for a non-John Deere engine. diesel and gasoline engine applications, and some hydraulic
(3)
The engine must be using ULSD at 15 ppm or lower sulfur content.
applications.
Change the oil and oil filter at least once every 12 months even if the hours of operation are
fewer than the otherwise recommended service interval. Features and benefits:
–– Neutralizes acid to reduce corrosion.
–– Provides sludge control for cleaner engines.
–– Many viscosity grades offered for applications in moderate to
very cold operating temperatures.
–– Low-temperature fluidity for reduced engine startup wear.
–– Standard drain-interval performance.

6 7
 Engine Oil Engine Oil

ENGINE OIL-SERVICE Engine Oil-Service Classification Chemical and Physical Properties

CLASSIFICATIONS AND
EXPLANATIONS Plus-50 II Torq-Gard Plus 4 Turf-Gard Plus-50 II and Torq-Gard
Service Classification Plus-50 II TORQ-GARD

15W-40

10W-30

15W-40

10W-30

10W-30

10W-40

10W-30
Several global associations

0W-40

5W-30

5W-30
10W
30
have established classifica- ASTM
tions and categories for Property Units Method 15W-40 10W-30 0W-40 15W-40 10W-30 5W-30 30 10W
CJ-4 n n n n n
gasoline and diesel engine Viscosity mm2/s (cSt) D 445
CI-4 PLUS n n n n
oil-performance ratings. In @ 40 ºC — — 128 87 95 118 79 64 98 46
CI-4 n n n n n n
addition, some regions and @ 100 ºC — — 15.6 12.1 14.7 15.7 12.0 10.8 11.4 6.8
CH-4
API
equipment manufacturers n n n n n n
Viscosity Index — D 2270 127 133 162 140 145 161 108 115
have performance specifica- CG-4 n n n n n n
Pour Point ºC D 97 –36 –40 –57 –34 –35 –37 –31 –35
tions for their engines and/or CF-4 n n n n n n
Flash Point ºC D 92 225 223 228 232 223 223 227 212
oils. Oil manufacturers label CF n n n n n n n n
their products with the common Total Base Number mg KOH/g D 2896 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.0 9.2 10.0 9.2 8.0
SN (SN RC = )
(Gasoline)

n n n n  n  
category or classification for Sulfated Ash mass% D 874 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0
SM
API

n n n n n n n n n n
the region in which their HTHS, @ 150 ºC cP D 4683 4.3 3.6 3.7 — — — — —
SJ n n n n n n n n n n
product would likely be used.
E9 n n
The most common are the
E7 Plus-4, Turf-Gard, and Break-In Plus
American Petroleum Institute n n n
ACEA

(API) and the European Auto- E3 n Plus-4 Turf-Gard Break-In Plus

mobile Manufacturers Asso- E2 n ASTM
ciation (ACEA). The chart JASO DH-2 n n Property Units Method 10W-30 10W-40 10W-30 5W-30 10W-30
shown at right lists these asso- John Deere JDQ-78X n n n Viscosity mm2/s (cSt) D 445
ciations along with various EO-O Premium Plus 07 @ 40 ºC — — 69 102 69 64 64
n n n
manufacturers, and identifies
Mack

EO-N Premium Plus 03 n n n n @ 100 ºC — — 10.5 14.8 10.6 10.8 9.7

which classifications John Deere
Plus-50 II, Torq-Gard, Plus-4, EO-M Plus n n n n Viscosity Index — D 2270 112 150 143 161 134
and Turf-Gard engine oils meet. CES 20081 n n n n n Pour Point ºC D 97 –34 –36 –35 –36 –42
CES 20078 n Flash Point ºC D 92 223 225 223 219 210
Cummins

API Category: The American

Petroleum Institute. CES 20077 n n Total Base Number mg KOH/g D 2896 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.5 10.5
CES 20076 n Sulfated Ash mass% D 874 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0
ACEA Sequence: European
CES 20075 n n n HTHS, @ 150 ºC cP D 4683 — — — — 3.1
Automobile Manufacturers
228.31 n n n
Association (Association des
MB

Constructeurs Européens 228.3 n

d’Automobiles). VDS-4 n n n
John Deere Engine Oils Air-Temperature Chart For heavy-duty diesel engines:
Volvo

VDS-3 n n n
JASO: The Japanese Automo-
tive Standards Organization. VDS-2 n n John Deere Plus-50 II
Determine oil viscosity based on the expected air-temperature
JASO is part of the Society of Man M3275 n n SAE 15W-40
range during the period between changes.
Automotive Engineers of Japan. MTU Type 2.1 n n SAE 10W-30
ILSAC: The International Lubri- 93K218 n n
Multi-Grade Mono-Grade SAE 0W-40
DDC

cant Standardization and 93K214 50°C 122°F

n John Deere Torq-Gard
Approval Committee. RLD n n SAE 15W-40
Renault

40°C 104°F
MTU: In 1937, the GM Diesel RXD n n SAE 10W-30

SAE 40
Division, and in 1965, Detroit RD n n 30°C 86°F SAE 5W-30

SAE 15W-40

SAE 30
Diesel. In 1994, partnered with Allison C-4

SAE 10W-40
n 20°C 68°F SAE 30

SAE 10W-30
MTU, and in 2000, combined ECF-3 n n n n SAE 10W

SAE 5W-30

SAE 0W-40
into MTU Detroil Diesel, Inc. in ECF-2 n n n n
10°C 50°F
John Deere Break-In Plus
Cat

North America. ECF-1-a n n 0°C 32°F SAE 10W-30

SAE 10W
MB: Mercedes-Benz. TO-2 n n n
–10°C 14°F For gasoline engines:
DDC: Detroil Diesel Corporation. GM 6094M n n n
ILSAC GF-5 n n n –20°C –4°F John Deere Turf-Gard
MAN: MAN Nutzfahrzeuge
Group of Nuremberg (Germany). ILSAC GF-4 n n n –30°C –22°F SAE 10W-40
The diesel engine developed at SAE 10W-30
MAN by Rudolf Diesel between –40°C –40°F SAE 5W-30
Note: Boldface classifications are current, whereas lightface classifications have become obsolete. Plus-50 II is subjected
1893 and 1897. to additional tests besides industry requirements for API Service Category engine oils. These tests include quality control, John Deere Plus-4
low-temperature performance, life tests, and field tests. JDQ-78X high-temperature diesel engine dyno test exceeds
GM: General Motors. SAE 10W-30
industry requirements for viscosity increase, and engine deposits and wear.
SAE: SAE International, formerly How to use this chart: Read down the chart to locate the service classification required by the application. Read across John Deere Plus-50 II
the Society of Automotive the chart to determine the John Deere oils with category equivalent.
John Deere Torq-Gard
Engineers.
8 9
 Transmission and Hydraulic Oil Transmission and Hydraulic Oil

Functions Wet Brake Test

Because some systems have combined transmission and hydraulic Result: Customers can expect up to 24-percent better brake-
oil reservoirs, the oil must perform many different tasks at the chatter control using John Deere Hy-Gard Transmission and
same time, maintaining there is very little margin for error. Hydraulic Oil compared to oils meeting the minimum perfor-
Robust balanced properties are essential. To understand the mance JDM J20 specification.
complexity of transmission hydraulic oil, let’s review its functions:

1. Prevents wear of high-torque, heavy-loaded gears and Competitive Oil Tested to Meet John Deere
bearings.
Current JDM J20 Specifications
2. Provides wear and corrosion protection for the hydraulic pump.
100
3. Provides proper friction for clutches to engage and absorb
shock loads without excessive slipping or abrupt shifts.

Wet Brake Test

Brake Chatter
4. Withstands extreme pressures in the hydraulic system
50
without breaking down.

24% Less
5. Prevents the formation of deposits on all internal parts.
6. Prevents foam and water damage to all internal parts. 0
7. Provides proper friction for brakes to ensure low chatter, Hy-Gard Competitive Oil
Hy-Gard™ and Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard Features:
long life, and high capacity.
Transmission and Hydraulic Oil –– Performance tested both in the lab and in the field, and
approved by John Deere engineers to meet the increased An industry classification for hydraulic transmission oil does Hy-Gard has been formulated to ensure wet brakes have high
Hy-Gard and Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard transmission and hydraulic demands for performance and protection of transmissions braking capacity with minimum brake chatter. Three elements
not exist. Each manufacturer establishes a minimum requirement
oils are unique oils developed by John Deere engineers to meet and hydraulic systems. are considered in the wet brake test:
that oils should meet for use in their equipment. John Deere has
the exact needs of John Deere machines. Both Hy-Gard fluids
–– A polymeric viscosity improver helps Hy-Gard to retain its established a JDM J20 specification for minimum tractor hydraulic
are multi-viscosity fluids with high-viscosity index. Low-Viscosity 1. Braking capacity — the ability of the brake system to absorb
proper viscosity over a wide range of operating temperatures. fluid performance. John Deere does not monitor competitive or
Hy-Gard has an ISO 32 viscosity grade. Hy-Gard viscosity places energy, which is measured in torque.
Hy-Gard works effectively because the proper viscosity allows “will-fit” oils. While claiming to meet John Deere requirements,
it between ISO 46 and 68 grades. Hy-Gard may be used in many
it to flow readily through any part of the system. Oil that is too it is possible that the competitive or “will-fit” oils do not meet 2. Torque variation — the ability of the brake system to
applications specifying either of these grades. Low-Viscosity
light can cause increased wear, weep past seals, and generate even the minimum performance requirements for John Deere maintain smooth frictional operation without vibration or
Hy-Gard has the same performance specifications as Hy-Gard
heat. Oil that is too heavy will cause sluggish operation and machines, which could result in premature failures. brake chatter.
and can be used as a replacement for Hy-Gard in cold weather.
lower mechanical efficiency and fuel economy. John Deere Hy-Gard and John Deere Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard 3. Wear — low wear to ensure long life.
Applications:
–– Reduces wet-brake chatter and ensures high braking capacity. exceed the performance of their JDM J20 specification
–– The exclusive Hy-Gard formula was designed for use in counterparts. The performance requirements for our family Feature
–– Superior wet-clutch performance smoothes clutch operation.
John Deere equipment; however, it can also be used in of Hy-Gard products are higher, and many more performance
many non-John Deere transmission and hydraulic systems. –– High tolerance to water contamination without sludge tests are mandatory. Hy-Gard Oil is formulated to maximize brake capacity with
formation, which could cause filter clogging and hydraulic- minimum brake chatter and wear.
–– Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard is used for factory fill in many machines.
system malfunction. –– Hy-Gard oil can be used in most applications calling for
Consult the machine’s Operator’s Manual to determine what Advantage
–– The antioxidation capability allows the oil to work effectively 10W-30 or 5W-30 engine oil for transmission and hydraulic
machines require Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard. It is also used as a This formula provides 24-percent better brake-chatter control
at high temperatures, helping keep transmissions and oils. NOTE: Hy-Gard should be used in all applications calling
replacement for Hy-Gard in cold-weather applications. than competitive oil.
hydraulic system parts cool and clean. for JDM J20C.
–– Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard replaces John Deere All-Weather
–– Provides protection against rust and corrosion, particularly –– Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard should be used in all applications Benefit
Hydrostatic Fluid and should be used as a direct replacement
during low-use periods. calling for JDM J20D.
for all applications recommending hydrostatic fluid. Better brake-chatter control provides smooth stopping,
–– Anti-wear additives keep gear and bearing wear to a minimum. –– Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard and Hy-Gard are compatible with reduced damage from vibration, less noise, and longer brake life.
–– Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard is compatible with hydrostatic fluid and
The extreme-pressure formulation of Hy-Gard develops a hydrostatic oil and can be added to systems that contain
can be added to systems which contain hydrostatic fluid.
durable fluid film, which helps prevent metal-to-metal contact. hydrostatic oil.

10 11
 Transmission and Hydraulic Oil Transmission and Hydraulic Oil

Wet Clutch Test Gear Test Slow-Cool Fluidity Test Hy-Gard can be used when the following oils are specified for
use in hydraulic, transmission, hydrostatic, drivetrain, and/or
Result: Customers can expect up to 15-percent better clutch Result: Wear on transmission and final drive parts is reduced up Hy-Gard and Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard are checked for proper gearbox systems:
performance (smoother engagement, less slippage, and reduced to 20 percent with Hy-Gard Transmission and Hydraulic Oil. viscosities using the slow-cool fluidity test in addition to
wear) when using John Deere Hy-Gard Transmission and industry-standard tests. The slow-cool fluidity test (developed AGCO
Hydraulic Oil. by John Deere engineers and recognized by the oil industry as Massey Ferguson. . . . . . M1135, M1141, M1139, M1143, M1145
Competitive Oil Tested to Meet John Deere a valid testing procedure) ensures Hy-Gard’s proper viscosity
White. . . . . . . . . . . Q-1722, Q-1766, Q-1766B, Q-1802, Q-1826
Current JDM J20 Specifications performance, which reduces downtime and lowers the cost
John Deere Current JDM J20 Specifications of operation. Few competitive hydraulic transmission oils are Allis-Chalmers, Deutz-Allis, AGCO Allis. . . . . Power fluid 821XL
100 tested for this type of low-temperature viscosity performance. CNH
Case, Case IH. . . . . . . . . MS 1207, MS 1209, MS 1210, MAT3505
Viscosity is one of the most important characteristics of

Final Drive Test

Transmission
100
transmission and hydraulic oil. Temperature changes outside Ford/New Holland . . . . . ESN-M2C41-B, M2C134-D, M2C48-B,
15% Better Clutch

M2C48-C, M2C159-B/C, M2C86-B,

Gear Wear
50 and within the system will cause oil to become thicker at low
Wet Clutch Test

20% Less
FNHA-2C-200, MAT3526,
temperatures and thinner at high temperatures. A polymeric
Performance

FNHA-2C-201, MAT3525
50 viscosity index improver is added to Hy-Gard to help it retain its
proper viscosity over a wide range of operating temperatures. Caterpillar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TO-2
0
Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MS-68
Hy-Gard Competitive Oil Oil that is too thin can cause increased wear, excessive leakage,
Deutz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydraulic transmission fluid
0 loss of pressure, lack of hydraulic control, and lower overall
Hy-Gard Competitive Oil efficiency. Dresser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transmission hydraulic fluid
Anti-wear extreme-pressure additives play a vital role in keeping (HMS B806-0002)
gear and bearing wear to a minimum. Oil without these additives Oil which is too thick can cause sluggish operation, lowered Eaton Hydraulic Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hydraulic transmission
Three elements are compared in the wet clutch test: lacks the qualities to properly lubricate transmission parts. mechanical efficiency, and higher power consumption. (Form 3-401-123)
The JDQ95 spiral bevel/final drive-gear test measures a fluid’s Feature IHC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
1. The ability of the clutch to provide smooth engagement
ability to prevent destructive wear of gear-contact surfaces. John Deere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All-weather hydraulic fluid
under maximum load. Hy-Gard contains a polymeric viscosity index improver additive. (JDM J21A)
2. The ability of the clutch to resist slippage. Feature
Advantage Kubota . . . . . . . . . . . UDT hydraulic transmission fluid, Super UDT
3. The ability of the clutch to resist wear. Hy-Gard contains superior anti-wear additives. Oliver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Type 55
This additive ensures proper viscosity at all operating
Advantage temperatures; competitive oils may not contain this additive. Sunstrand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydrostatic transmission
Feature Zetor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OT-H, GL-4
These additives provide up to 20-percent less gear wear. Benefit
Hy-Gard’s friction modifiers provide smooth clutch ZF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TE-ML05F, TE-ML03E, 06D, 06E
Benefit The proper viscosity at all temperatures increases efficiency and
engagement. decreases wear, resulting in lower operating costs and reduced
Less gear wear extends component life and reduces downtime. Check the Operator’s Manual for specific applications. Low-
Advantage downtime. It also reduces the cost of the multiple oil changes Viscosity Hy-Gard should be used in place of an SAE 10W oil
associated with single-viscosity oils due to changes in operating in John Deere combine hydraulic transmission systems.
Smooth clutch engagement provides 15-percent better clutch temperatures.
performance than competitive oils.
Benefit
Better clutch performance provides longer clutch life with
reduced maintenance costs. Hy-Gard allows limited clutch
slippage for smooth engagement, which reduces clutch wear
and provides long life. Too little clutch slippage results in rough,
jerky engagement, while too much slippage can cause clutch
surfaces to burn or glaze.

John Deere Hy-Gard Competitive Oil

John Deere Hy-Gard Competitive Oil

12 13
 Transmission and Hydraulic Oil Transmission and Hydraulic Oil

Vickers 35VQ25 Performance

25 25

Vickers 35VQ25 Performance

20 20

15 15

10 10

5 5

0 0

Bio Hy-Gard II Competitive Fluid

Ring Wt. Loss, mg
Vane Wt. Loss, mg
Total Wt. Loss, mg
Change in Flow Rate, gpm

–– The Vickers 35VQ25 test was performed on Bio Hy-Gard II and

competitive biodegradable oil.
–– This test evaluates fluid in high-pressure operation using a
Vickers 35VQ25 vane pump with the test fluid at a specified
Chemical and Physical Properties of Hy-Gard Fluids Bio Hy-Gard II Hydraulic Transmission Oil speed, pressure, and temperature.
ASTM Low-Viscosity
Property Units Method Hy-Gard Hy-Gard Bio Hy-Gard II protects your land and your equipment. It –– Three runs of 50 hours each are performed using a new pump
Viscosity @ 40 ºC mm2/s (cSt) D-445 59 33 can be recommended as a replacement for mineral oil-base cartridge for each run.
Pour Point ºC D97 – 40 –51
hydraulic/transmission oil. Bio Hy-Gard II is formulated for
–– The test consists of operating a Vickers 35VQ25 vane pump at
multi-functional systems including transmissions, hydraulics,
Flash Point (typical) ºC D92 227 180 high-pressure conditions for 50 hours. Test pressure is 3,000 psi,
wet brakes, clutches, and final drives. It is recommended when
Base Number mg KOH/g D2896 8.5 8.5 inlet fluid temperature is 200 degrees F, and pump speed is
plant-based tractor hydraulic fluid or hydraulic oils are desired.
Viscosity Index — D2270 140 195 2,400 rpm.
Applications
–– The required horsepower input is in the range of 100.
Air-Temperature Chart — John Deere Hy-Gard Forestry, turf care (golf courses/cemeteries), construction, city –– Evaluation of test results is done by a visual qualitative review
Hydraulic Transmission Oils services (garbage collection/street services), waterway operations, of pump parts and weight-loss determinations.
orchards, and farming operations.
Use the oil viscosity based on the expected air-temperature range
during the period between changes. Always check the Operator’s Features:
Manual for specific applications. Some applications may be Bio Hy-Gard II Chemical and Physical Properties
–– Base oil from farm-grown products.
restricted at the upper or lower limits of the temperature range. ASTM
–– Formulated from canola-based oil. Property Units Method Bio Hy-Gard
–– Over 93-percent biodegradable. Viscosity @ 40 ºC mm2/s (cSt) D-445 46.5
50°C 122°F Pour Point ºC D97 –44
–– Exceed environmental eco-toxicity performance requirements.
Flash Point (min.) ºC D92 251
40°C 104°F –– Brake chatter suppressed while superior brake performance ISO Viscosity — — 46
30°C 86°F maintained.
–– Excellent corrosion protection.
Bio Hy-Gard II

20°C 68°F
JDM J20C
Hy-Gard

–– Over 13,000 hours of trouble-free field-testing.

Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard

10°C 50°F –– Bio Hy-Gard II has the following biodegradability and

–– Compatible with mineral-based oils. eco-toxicity properties:
JDM J20D

0°C 32°F
– OECD 301b (Sturm) fast biodegradability 75%.
–10°C 14°F – OECD 202 EC50 >100mg/l.
– CEC L33-A-93 biodegradability 94%.
–20°C –4°F
– WGK rating 1.
–30°C –22°F

–40°C –40°F

14 15
 Other Lubricants Other Lubricants

Applications Forwarders Harvesters Energy Wood Bundler

810 770 1490
These products are engineered and produced to meet the
1010 970 —
specific requirements of excavator hydraulic systems. 1110 1070 —
Features: 1210 1170 —
1410 1270 —
–– A non-sludge-type, heat-resistant, wear-resistant, long-life 1510 1470 —
hydraulic fluid prepared with a combination of a non-zinc, ash- 1710 — —
less extreme-pressure additive and a variety of antioxidants.
This product is not for use in systems requiring JDM J20 speci-
–– 46HN matches the hydraulic factory-fill product for all metric fications or in mechanical transmissions, axles, or multi-function
excavator models, both John Deere and Hitachi. systems featuring gears, clutches, or wet brakes.
–– Stable formulation for maximum service intervals.
Features
–– Superior low-temperature performance.
Hydrau-46 Plus is formulated to provide:
–– Quality base oil resists oxidation.
–– Broad ambient operating temperatures.
–– Viscosity stable across full operating temperature range.
–– Resistance to thermal and mechanical shear-induced viscosity loss.
–– Protection against rust and corrosion.
–– Low-temperature pumpability.
–– Predictable hydraulic-system performance.
–– Flow characteristics essential for satisfactory system start-up.
Excavator Hydraulic Fluid Physical specifications Forestry Equipment Hydraulic Fluid
–– Protection against wear and scuffing.
Through our marketing agreement with Hitachi Construction 46HN 32AU Hydrau-46 Plus premium hydraulic fluid was adopted in North
–– Protection in severe-service, high-pressure applications.
Equipment and Hitachi Mining Company to represent and Test Method Unit ASTM# Typical Value Typical Value America to meet the stringent performance requirements of our
support their products in North and South America, we have ASTM Color — D-1500 L0.5 Light Yellow mobile forestry equipment hydraulic systems manufactured at –– Enhanced demulsibility performance.
adopted a common hydraulic platform with Hitachi (the Parent Density @ 15 ºC cm3 D-1298 0.86 0.87 our factory in Joensuu, Finland. Often it is this advanced pro- –– Protection against rust and corrosion.
Company and Enterprise manufacturing in Japan) engineers Flash Point ºC D-92 238 222 duction equipment that is exposed to broad ambient operating
Kinematic Viscosity –– Exceptional anti-foam performance.
that includes the integration of this specialized hydraulic fluid. cSt D-445 47.54 31.82 temperatures. This state-of-the-art hydraulic fluid utilizes
@ 40 ºC –– Predictable hydraulic-system performance.
Super EX 46 HN and Super Hydro 32 AU are offered in two viscosity modifier polymer technology borrowed from the
Viscosity Index — D-2270 125 102
viscosity grades, ISO 46 and ISO 32. aerospace industry, where both low-temperature pumpability Physical specifications
Pour Point ºC D-97 –42.5 –40
Total Acid Number mgKOH/g D-974 0.04 0.06 and high-temperature shear stability are critical for predictable
All John Deere excavator models share a common factory fill ISO Viscosity Grade 46
system performance and long fluid life. From arctic to sustained
and recommended service fluid with Hitachi excavators and Kinematic Viscosity
high-heat conditions, Hydrau-46 Plus maintains exceptional
mining shovels manufactured worldwide. We offer this same At 40 ºC mm2/s 47
resistance to thermal and mechanical shear-induced viscosity
exact factory-fill product as the aftermarket solution for At 100 ºC mm2/s 7.9
loss, while providing the low-temperature pumpability and flow
excavators. This specialized fluid uses an alternate chemistry- Viscosity Index 138
characteristics essential for satisfactory system start-up.
additive approach to provide excellent performance and Flash Point: COC ºC 390 ºC
protection in these hydraulic systems. The very effective anti-wear additive technology used in Flash Point: COC ºF 199 ºF
Hydrau-46 Plus provides necessary protection against wear and Pour Point –40 ºC
Super EX 46 HN and Super Hydro 32 AU are manufactured to Specific Gravity 0.85
scuffing in gear, piston, and vane pumps even in severe-service,
exacting engineering specifications and are available through
high-pressure applications. Due to the additional exposure to
John Deere and Hitachi equipment dealers in North and South
moisture and contaminants found in mobile forestry equipment
America. These products are formulated with high-quality base
operating environments, Hydrau-46 Plus provides enhanced
oils and specialized non-zinc-additive technology to deliver a
demulsibility performance and additional protection against
very stable excavator hydraulic oil.
rust and corrosion. Exceptional anti-foam performance
These products should not be mixed with other lubricants contributes to predictable hydraulic-system performance
or put into systems that use zinc-type-additive oils. These pro- throughout the useful life of the fluid.
ducts are not for applications calling for Hy-Gard, JDM J20C,
or JDM J20D. They are not for use in mechanical transmissions, Applications
axles, or multi-function systems featuring gears, clutches, or
Hydrau-46 Plus is for use in forestry equipment hydraulic
wet brakes.
applications and may be used where oils meeting ISO 11158
(Category HV) are specified. Hydrau-46 Plus is for use in all
applications specifying Hydrau-Gard 46 Plus as called out in
maintenance literature and Operator and Service Manuals of
some forestry equipment manufactured in Finland.
Due to a preexisting trademark, the product name has been
modified for sale in the U.S. and Canadian trade areas. These
two lubricant products are interchangeable for our applications.

16 17
 Other Lubricants Other Lubricants

Combine Feederhouse Synthetic Gear

Lubricant
Synthetic HD460 Gear Lubricant for combine feederhouse
drives is specifically designed for lubricating heavy-duty gears
under high load-carrying capacity. Due to its anti-friction
characteristics, this gear lube also withstands high thermal
loading and resists the formation of sludge and other harmful
by-products of oxidation.
Applications
Synthetic HD460 Gear Lubricant is recommended for higher-
performing gear drives and heavier load conditions. This product
can replace 80W-90 GL5 gear lube for the combine feederhouse
reverser gear case ONLY. All 70 Series Combine feederhouse
drives are factory filled with HD460 Gear Lubricant. Synthetic
HD460 protects and maintains the service life of a wide variety
of enclosed industrial gearing, including spur, bevel, herringbone,
and many worm gears. Features: Allison Automatic Transmission Fluid TES-295 Features:
Meets ANSI/AGMA 9005-E02. –– Improved viscosity control across the operating tempera- John Deere HD SynTran is a full-synthetic, heavy-duty transmis- –– Superior wear resistance and protection.
ture range. sion fluid designed for use in transmissions operating in severe –– Extended transmission life.
–– Reduces air entrapment for stabilized viscosity and superior conditions.
–– Improves shift quality.
cooling.
This blended fluid is specifically intended for Allison transmissions –– Outstanding thermal stability and oxidation resistance.
–– Minimizes gear pitting. and for use in John Deere articulated dump trucks (ADTs).
–– Excellent shear stability.
–– Outstanding oxidation and thermal stability. John Deere HD SynTran provides superior protection against
–– Exceptional friction durability for long service life.
–– Withstands high thermal loading and resists the formation thermal breakdown and is ideal for year-round use in all climates.
of sludge. –– Meets the Allison Automatic Transmission Fluid Specification
Applications:
TES-295 (AN-071006) for severe- and extended-duty intervals.
Physical specifications –– John Deere 250C ADT
Physical specifications
ISO Viscosity Grade 460 –– John Deere 300C ADT
Kinematic Viscosity John Deere HD SynTran
At 40 ºC mm2/s 460 –– John Deere 350C ADT Viscosity, ASTM D 445
At 100 ºC mm2/s 30.8 –– John Deere 400C ADT cSt @ 40 ºC 39
Viscosity Index 97 cSt @ 100 ºC 7.3
Flash Point: COC ºC 264 ºC –– John Deere 250D ADT Brookfield Viscosity, ASTM D 5293
Flash Point: COC ºF 507 ºF –– John Deere 300D ADT –cP @ –40 ºC 8400
Pour Point –36 ºC Viscosity Index, ASTM D 2270 168
Density at 15 ºC g/cm3 0.879 –– John Deere 350D ADT Pour Point, ºC, ASTM D 97 –54
Specific Gravity 0.85 –– John Deere 400D ADT Flash Point, ºC, ASTM D 92 236
Density @ 15 ºC kg/l, ASTM D 4052 0.85
–– Allison automatic transmissions Color Red

18 19
 Grease Grease

John Deere grease is specially formulated to meet the demanding The application may be broad coverage or special purpose, and
lubricating needs of tough off- and on-road conditions. The the manufacturer may choose to describe the expected use in
right high-quality John Deere grease could help you save money the name.
through longer equipment life, reduced downtime, and decreased
The thickener brings performance or product features to the
labor and equipment-operation costs.
blend. Different thickeners provide physical properties desirable
Proper lubrication is essential to reliable equipment operation. in various applications.
If lubrication is absent, contaminated, or insufficient, metal-on-
The NLGI grade tells the user the thickness or stiffness of the
metal contact occurs between anti-friction bearing rollers and
grease. The NLGI grading scale begins with 000, 00, 0, or 1, and
raceways. When this happens, the components will fatigue
goes up to 6. The grade 000, pronounced “triple aught,” refers
prematurely and likely fail quickly. A lubricant, either grease or
to very fluid grease, one much closer to regular oil. The very
oil, by itself is not an enduring substance; it will have a service
common no. 2 grease has a consistency something like paste car
life requiring replacement in order to allow bearings to reach
wax or cake frosting. The thickest grade of grease is no. 6, and it
their allowable life span.
resembles a solid, non-pumpable material like a crisp apple. The
Threats from water, heat, bearing load, and dust put even the lower the number, the thinner the grease.
best lubrication products and procedures to the test. That is
There are several other classifications applied to grease
why you need John Deere grease, which was designed to handle
presented as physical properties and test results. Color,
very harsh conditions. The most common greases used in normal
dropping point, additive treatments, and other terms may be
bearing, bushing, and universal joint applications are NLGI no. 2.
included when describing grease products. Be sure to read the
The most efficient and cost-effective machinery maintenance Operator’s Manual when selecting service grease.
program is one that allows for the application of the ideal amount
of lubrication at the proper operating intervals.
Grease is typically described with two or three qualifying terms.
These are application, thickener, and NLGI grade. Some examples
are listed here.
SD Polyurea no. 2:
–– SD means Super Duty.
–– Polyurea thickener.
–– NLGI no. 2 grade “thick.”

Grease must perform several different functions simul- HD Lithium Complex no. 2:
Grease
taneously. Its characteristics are to: –– HD means Heavy Duty.
The purpose of grease is to replace dry friction with either
–– Lubricate moving parts to prevent wear. –– Lithium Complex thickener.
thin-film or fluid-film friction, depending on the load, speed,
or intermittent action of the moving part. –– Protect components from corrosion. –– NLGI no. 2 grade “thick.”
Grease is for use in applications where oil will not collect, such –– Flow under all temperatures to protect moving parts.
Special-Purpose Corn Head Grease no. 0:
as open bearings or gears. Operating conditions affect grease –– Remain intact and in place under severe pressures or
selection for each application. Conditions include ambient and shock loads. –– Corn Head Grease.
operating temperature, ambient or turbulent water resistance,
–– Help seal and keep foreign contaminants out of lubrica- –– Polyurea thickener.
oxidation stability, etc. The performance characteristics of the
tion points. –– NLGI no. 0 grade “thick.”
grease also need to be understood, including the thickener
material type, the grease grade (consistency), and the viscosity –– Cool protected parts.
of the base oil. –– Remain in place and continue to lubricate when exposed
Grease lubricants are semisolid and have several important to water.
advantages: They resist squeezing out, they are useful under
heavy load conditions, and they provide sustained lubrication
into areas that are difficult to access.

20 21
 Grease Grease

Multi-Purpose SD Polyurea High-Temperature Multi-Purpose Heavy-Duty Lithium Multi-Purpose Extreme-Duty Synthetic Grease Multi-Purpose Lithium Grease
Extreme-Pressure (EP) Grease Complex Grease Applications: Applications:
Applications: Applications: –– –45 to 450 degrees F (–43 to 232 degrees C). –– Ideal for all-season, general-purpose lubrication applications.
–– High-temperature, extreme-pressure grease. –– High-temperature and extreme-pressure grease. –– Farm, construction, and commercial equipment including –– –30 to 290 degrees F (–34 to 143 degrees C).
–– Ideal in rolling-contact applications. –– –15 to 350 degrees F (–26 to 177 degrees C). universal joints, wheel bearings, suspension systems, and
–– Excellent performance in light-duty applications.
brake calipers.
–– –15 to 380 degrees F (–26 to 193 degrees C). –– Heavy-duty long-lasting grease.
–– Marine including inboard/outboard drives and prop shafts. Service ratings:
–– Used for initial lubrication at the factory in U-joints and –– High-quality grease in heavy-duty applications where lithium
axle bearings. greases are recommended or preferred. –– General purpose including windows, garage doors, hinges, –– NLGI no. 2.
bicycles, shop tools, locks, and many other applications.
–– Factory-fill grease for most AG equipment. –– For wheel bearings, universal joints, suspension systems, ball –– JDM J13C3A and J13C3.
joints, and anti-friction plain bearings. –– Extremely low coefficient of friction properties.
–– For excellent protection in corrosive and wet conditions.
Physical properties:
–– Compatible with most other types of grease. –– A very good multi-purpose grease. Service ratings:
–– Reddish brown.
–– Thixotropic (thins to a gear oil when hard at work and thickens Service ratings: –– Outlasts petroleum-based greases and oils.
when at rest). –– Lithium thickened with high-density polyethylene.
–– Meets equipment manufacturers’ extended-service intervals. –– GC-LB.
–– Excellent for all-purpose applications, especially those
–– NLGI no. 2. –– NLGI no. 2.
requiring a severe-duty grease.
–– JDM J13C3, J13C3A, and J13C6. –– USDA-rated H-1 for incidental food contact.
–– Our best multi-purpose grease.
–– GC-LB. Physical properties:
Service ratings:
Physical properties: –– P.T.F.E.
–– Equipment manufacturers’ extended-service intervals.
–– Amber color. –– Synthetic with Teflon™; no silicone.
–– NLGI no. 2.
–– Lithium-complex thickened. –– Repels dirt, dust, and grime.
–– JDM J13E1, J13E4, J13E5, and J25C.
–– Formulated to prevent corrosion and water washout. –– Prevents rust and corrosion.
–– GC-LB.
–– Paraffinic-base oil with extreme-pressure and antirust –– Water- and saltwater resistant.
Physical properties: additives. –– Will not drip, run, or evaporate.
–– Green color (emerald). –– Non-staining and odorless.
–– Polyurea thickened. –– High dielectric strength — excellent electrical insulation
–– Paraffinic-base oil with extreme-pressure and antirust characteristics.
additives.

22 23
 Grease Grease

Special-Purpose Golf and Turf Cutting Special-Purpose Heavy-Duty (HD) Water- Special-Purpose Corn Head Grease Special-Purpose Heavy-Duty (HD) Moly
Unit Grease Resistant Grease Applications: Grease
Applications: Applications: –– Formulated for John Deere corn head and other slow-speed Applications:
–– –30 to 330 degrees F (–34 to 165 degrees C). –– Lawn and grounds care equipment. gear cases less than 1,000 rpm. –– High-temperature and extreme-pressure grease with
–– John Deere reel mower gearboxes. –– Agricultural and industrial machines. –– Extra-soft grade of lubricating grease; required for row-unit 3-percent moly.
gear cases of John Deere corn heads. –– A premium high-quality grease.
–– Excellent at high and low temperatures. –– Marine applications.
–– –30 to 330 degrees F (–34 to 165 degrees C). –– –10 to 350 degrees F (–23 to 177 degrees C).
–– Competitive machines requiring NLGI no. 0 grease. –– 0 to 290 degrees F (–18 to 143 degrees C).
–– Thixotropic (thins to a gear oil when hard at work and thickens –– For use with pins and bushings, and ball joints.
–– Formulated with higher-viscosity base oil to prevent water when at rest).
Service ratings:
washout. –– For use where shock loading and slow, sliding contact occurs.
–– NLGI no. 0. Service ratings: –– For chain, cable, and conveyor lubrication.
Service ratings:
–– JDM J13A5, J13E6, and J25A. –– NLGI no. 0. –– For applications where pitting, scoring, and wear failures are
–– Meets equipment manufacturers’ extended-service intervals. a problem.
Physical properties: –– JDM J13A5, J13E6, and J25A.
–– NLGI no. 2. –– Compatible with lithium, aluminum, and calcium greases.
–– Green color. Physical properties:
Physical properties: Service ratings:
–– Contains extreme-pressure properties. –– Green color.
–– Contains antirust properties. –– Blue color. –– Meets equipment manufacturer’s extended-service intervals.
–– Contains extreme-pressure additives.
–– Resists moisture and water washout. –– Lithium 12 thickened. –– NLGI no. 2.
–– Excellent at high and low temperatures.
–– Polyurea-thickened grease. –– JDM J25C and J13C7.
–– Resists moisture and water washout.
–– Polyurea-thickened grease. Physical properties:
–– Contains antirust properties. –– Slate-gray color.
–– Lithium-complex thickened.
–– Contains 3-percent molybdenum disulfide (MoS2).

24 25
 Grease Grease

–– Lithium soap holds oil in suspension better than other types

of greases. Bentonite-clay greases, for example, can form
deposits or “caking” in the picker bars, preventing the grease
from lubricating the picking assembly.
–– Proper base lubricating oil ensures excellent performance and
lubrication in extremely hot operating temperatures. It will
not thin out like other brands. If base oil viscosity is too low, it
can reduce bearing life. If it is too high, a cotton picker will be
forced to use higher horsepower at lower temperatures.
–– John Deere Spindle Grease is an ALL-IN-ONE lubricating grease,
gear lubricant, penetrating oil, and corrosion protector.
Value-added benefits
If you buy spindle grease based on price alone, you may be
losing money. A lower-priced, lesser-quality spindle grease can
cost a lot more than you expect — especially if it won’t stand
up to the harmful effects of extreme temperatures, high-speed
John Deere Spindle Cleaner John Deere Spindle Wetting Agent
spindle operation, rust, and corrosion. John Deere Spindle Grease compatible Features and benefits:
Grease is competitively priced and is the best value for your
Cotton Picker Spindle Lubricants/ investment. It will help reduce operating and maintenance
The quality of spindle cleaner you use also plays a critical role –– When added in proper quantities to water, significantly
in increasing your harvesting performance and reducing your reduces surface tension and increases penetrating and
John Deere Spindle Grease costs, and prolong the life of your picker heads.
operating and maintenance costs. That’s why we developed our spreading abilities — making water “wetter.”
Quality Features and benefits: own superior grease-compatible spindle cleaner. John Deere –– Use as a surface-active substance (a “sticker-spreader”) and
Spindle Cleaner does much more than soap and water can do spray enhancer.
John Deere Spindle Grease is a lithium-based grease that can –– Special semi-fluid, lithium-based grease developed expressly
for the spindles and interfacing parts:
be used in all makes of cotton pickers. It is specially formulated by John Deere for use in John Deere and other mechanical –– Use with defoliants, weed killers, insect sprays, as well as
with highly refined base lubricating oils and unique anti-wear cotton pickers. –– Specially formulated, water-in-oil emulsion is compatible with livestock, cattle, and dairy-farm sprays.
additives to prevent abrasion and extend the service life of –– Formulated with highly refined base lubricating oils, which lubricating spindle grease. Won’t wash grease off the bushings
like soap and water does. –– Helps to ensure clean picking and easy doffing of cotton.
high-wear parts. It’s not just another off-the-shelf product. are blended and milled into a lithium-based grease, along
John Deere Spindle Grease was specifically designed to ensure with special additives to enhance lubrication performance. –– Water-soluble oil mix easily clears cotton and sticky plant –– Keeps spindles clean and free of build-up.
maximum lubricating performance and the efficiency of high- sap off the spindles and moving parts, even when mixed with –– Clean, polished spindles with exposed barbs help ensure the
speed spindles in John Deere cotton pickers, as well as other –– Flows freely, but has sufficient body to resist excessive leakage
from spindle bearings. extremely hard water. best picking results.
makes. Thoroughly tested and proven to outperform competitive
greases, this quality-made product will provide the best value –– Performs well over a wide range of temperature conditions, –– Also lubricates and coats the spindles, and maximizes spindle –– 100-percent biodegradable.
for your investment. Don’t jeopardize your equipment! There’s a resulting in low, cold-weather-starting torque, yet does not doffing. –– Meets JDN308 specifications.
tremendous amount of metal-to-metal contact in a picker head. thin down and leak out at higher operating temperatures. –– Extends the service life of doffers and moisture pads. Note: John Deere Spindle Wetting Agent does not contain any antifreeze.
Using high-quality grease ensures maximum performance by –– Special additives are incorporated — reduces wear and
reducing wear on these metal surfaces. To keep your equipment Why soap and water aren’t enough:
provides rust protection to equipment while the machine
running efficiently, even under the harshest operating conditions, is standing idle during the off-season. –– Using dishwashing soap instead of a quality spindle cleaner
you can depend on John Deere Spindle Grease. doesn’t protect your picker’s mechanical parts from rust,
–– Continued and exclusive use provides extended equipment life oxidation, and corrosion.
Superior formula and reduces downtime for maintenance.
–– Even worse, dishwashing soap actually washes away the lubri-
Not all spindle greases provide the same level of performance. –– Prevents dirt, water, and other contaminants from entering cating spindle grease from the bushings and attachments,
That’s why we developed our own. Here’s what makes the bearings and other parts being lubricated. leaving them unprotected.
John Deere formula outperform other brands:
Features and benefits:
–– High-grade, anti-wear additives and rust inhibitors protect the
spindles and picking unit components, extending the service –– Uniquely formulated, water-soluble product when mixed with
lives of all parts. water at a ratio of up to 100 gallons of water to 11⁄2 gallons of
spindle cleaner.
–– Moistens and cleans spindles effectively — even when
working with extremely hard water.
–– No harmful effect on doffers and pads such as some other
products might produce.
–– Applies easily through small nozzles, reducing consumption
and allowing longer intervals between tank refills.
–– Meets JDN354 specifications.

26 27
 Oil Analysis Oil Analysis

Oil Analysis Introduction life of the oil. General comments are provided based on the that may end up in the oil sample. Verify the sample results using Selling and Promotional Ideas
sample test results and the information provided in the sample additional cross-checking methods to prevent performing unneces-
One way to understand the value of John Deere lubricants is information form submitted with the sample. sary service. Asking questions is more economical than perform- Selling and promoting oil-sampling kits and programs are easy.
to perform used oil analysis with your customers. This service ing unneeded service. It will also support getting to the root These features will help you promote the value of this program:
is offered through John Deere programs such as Oilscan, Review report information for a preliminary overview of the
cause of an issue instead of just replacing a component. Customer benefits:
PerforMax™, and fluid analysis programs in U.S. and Canada. oil and the component system. This process is most effective
Other John Deere programs exist or are being developed in other when oil samples are taken and analyzed at regularly scheduled In all cases, the final decision to follow the recommendations –– Sample reports provide data about lubricant, the system and
regions around the world. intervals. By comparing the most recent analysis to previous lies with the end user. Our programs provide a tool for moni- components, wear activity, and contaminants, while data outside
test histories on a given machine, trends which allow early toring the lubricant and system condition, and maintenance of the expected range is flagged for attention generally much
John Deere has developed a relationship with independent detection of abnormal conditions become apparent. No two practices and procedures used on equipment. The quality of earlier than would be detected by other methods.
service providers that understand our commitment to quality and machines, even machines of exactly the same type, accumulate the analysis is directly related to the quality of the sample
maintaining integrity for our customers. A key aspect of these contaminants or wear at the same rate. “Trend” analysis, based taken, the information provided, and the desire to use the –– Suspected problems can be investigated and corrective
partners is that they are independent. The test results of used on histories developed from each individual oil compartment, is program to its full potential. actions can be scheduled before problems cause costly,
oil analysis are reported as they are returned. The independent the most effective method of detecting abnormal conditions untimely breakdowns.
lab has no incentive to report results favorably or unfavorably. If you have questions about a report, contact your Territory
before they can develop into major problems. Trend analysis –– Minor repair versus major overhaul reduces nonscheduled
They are unbiased. Customer or Product Support Manager and discuss your concerns.
adds tremendous value to the data and the quality of the decision downtime costs.
Together you can contact the lab for advice on interpretation,
making that results.
exchange ideas regarding additional areas to investigate, and –– Alerts customers to oil degradation, which could be causing
Knowing this, the frequency of taking oil samples depends on collaborate in making confident decisions with your customers. increased fuel and oil consumption.
the machine type, severity of the application, and operating con- –– Provides indication of lubrication effectiveness and confidence
Used oil analysis is a fantastic tool that can alert you to issues
ditions. Low-use, redundant equipment may only get sampled in lubrication service intervals.
with a fluid, a component, or a system, and it can play a strong
once a year during inspections. Mission-critical equipment may
supporting role in proactive maintenance. This tool is also an –– Provides feedback for adjusting service intervals to avoid over-
be sampled several times over the course of a year to monitor
excellent way to validate the performance and protection your or under-maintaining equipment.
for wear or contamination to keep the equipment in production.
customer is getting from our John Deere lubricants.
–– Sustains engine and machinery life when maintenance and
What is required from the supporting dealer is simple:
repairs are performed efficiently.
–– Support your customers with the appropriate sample kits based The Programs
–– Improves equipment availability by reducing nonscheduled
on the system type.
Programs are set up to offer several testing options depending downtime.
–– Advocate clean collection of representative fluid samples. on the sample origin and the expected level of reporting. –– Determines that proper lubricants are being used.
–– Completely fill in the oil-sample label and the sample infor- In general, each type of testing is specific for the types of –– Can help improve the resale value of equipment.
mation form with customer and equipment details as prompted. properties or contaminants that support good decision making.
Key machine details are the serial number (PIN), lubricant For example, engine oil tests check for fuel dilution and Total Base
brand and type, and the hours or miles on the machine and Number (TBN), not typically of value when looking at a hydraulic Dealer benefits:
the lubricant. system. Hydraulic and gear system tests check for water content –– About 20 percent of oil-sample results indicate that some
–– Send the sample, identified with the customer and machine and particle count, again not typically of value when looking at form of service may be needed. That is, one in five sample
information, to the lab the same day it is taken. Make sure the engine lubricant systems. Some tests such as elemental analysis results opens the door for parts and labor growth.
container lid is secure, and place the sample in a plastic bag. Do are included when checking samples from either engine or
powertrain systems to show wear metals, contaminants, and –– Having the conversation about planned and scheduled service
not put the sample processing form in the bag with the sample.
chemical makeup. is much easier than trying to coordinate resources for an
–– Review the sample reports and manage the data with your unscheduled major repair.
customers to provide appropriate service and support. Some features of the programs are:
Another key feature of our programs is the long-term relation- –– Can help improve the resale value of dealer-owned rental fleet
ships we have established with our lab partners. Time has im- IMPORTANT: The sample reports and recommendations do –– Samples are processed and reported within 48 hours after equipment.
proved the data bank of knowledge from our equipment, our have limitations. receipt at the lab. –– Establish or enhance the customer relationship with routine
customers’ applications, and our lubricants. With this background, Test results only reflect what was present in the sample. If –– Sample reports are posted online for rapid access and ease contact.
the labs are able to provide reliable report comments in support the sample represents the fluid in the system, this is great. If the of sharing. –– Establish the dealership as the knowledge resource for
of confident maintenance decisions. sample represents other features not from the system fluid, this –– Our programs are supported by independent laboratories service advice.
can be misleading. specializing in the analysis of used lubricating oil. –– Can be used on all makes of equipment or fluids.
The Process The sample results are only one set of data. If something on Current information about the programs and test kits offered –– Sample report data enhances the value of machine-inspection
John Deere oil-sampling programs provide a comprehensive the report indicates there is a variance, you should be asking in your area are located on the Pathways system. reports.
chemical and physical analysis of an oil sample taken from any additional questions. Said another way, get a second opinion. For
enclosed lube system such as engines, hydraulics, or transmissions. example, if the report from an engine oil sample suggests coolant
is present, the equipment manager (or the dealer) should be asking
Using the appropriate sample test kit, the dealer or the customer questions such as, “Is the coolant level down?” “Is the engine
collects a representative fluid sample and sends it to the lab producing unusual smoke?” “Is the engine running different,
for independent analysis. This analysis provides details of the smelling different, losing power, making noise, etc.?” It would
sample: wear metals, contaminants, chemical composition, be easy enough for a technician who is servicing the engine to
physical properties, and an indication of the remaining useful be exposed to any number of contaminants from outside sources

28 29
 Oil Analysis Marketing

Marketing
John Deere lubricating oils offer you sales potential like no
other parts group you market. Every equipment owner, whether
he’s an equipment customer of yours or not, needs engine,
hydraulic, and transmission oils.
You’ve read about the benefits of John Deere oil and why it’s
best for John Deere equipment. These features also make it the
best for competitive equipment. Tell all your customers how it
stacks up against the competition.
This section outlines a marketing strategy to capitalize on that
potential. Review these marketing suggestions and implement
a sales program suited to your trade area.
Be aggressive and creative. Most parts sales are lost because
dealers sit back and wait for business to come to them. That
seldom happens. The people who get the business are the
ones who go after it!

Analyze the Competition

It is very important to: Develop a Sales Strategy
– Identify who your competition is in your trade area. If you do Buying smart is a good start. Your approach in selling to cus-
not know, find out. To be successful in increasing your oil sales, tomers is just as important. Here are some ways to approach
you will have to capture some of their business. your customers. The common thread is that these methods
– You will have to be aggressive. Remember that they have are proactive.
taken your customers from you. John Deere premium products
support equipment performance. When your customer uses Sell in the Field
competitive products, not only are you losing lubricant sales,
their equipment may not perform as expected. This in turn Field sales calls are the most direct and promising of all
may lower their opinion of our equipment and our brand. selling opportunities available to you:
Marketing ideas: Breaking this down
There are more than just oil sales at risk. – Dealing with customers on their jobsite is convenient, with
– Include the kits as part of an oil and filter promotion. Talk to your customers about the program: less time spent away from their work.
– Perhaps the easiest and most reliable way to determine why
– Link maintenance service (oil and filters) to a comprehensive – Easy to do. your customers are buying oil elsewhere is to ask them. You – Low prices are definitely important, but the old saying “Being
customer support program. can do this at the parts counter. in the right place at the right time” also applies to oil sales.
– Impart valuable information for managing their equipment
– Use the display box which comes with the kits. Set up the investment. – Start by taking care of your customer’s immediate parts needs. The right place is out in the field with the customer and his
display where it will be noticed, and talk it up! Then do some suggestive or related selling. Up-selling lubri- machines. In most cases, the competition is out in the field
– Take good representative samples. visiting with your customers regularly. He’s getting the jump
– Capitalize on your customers’ success stories! Use their stories cants alone is a great place to start because of the coverage
– Label the sample information form completely. we offer for other brands of equipment. Asking about filter on you. He recognizes the sales potential and knows he has
to sell the program to additional customers. Compare the cost
– Promptly send the sample to the lab. needs is a complimentary way to let your customer know you to contact the customer before you or someone else gets
of the test kit to the cost of the minor repair in relation to the
are interested in servicing their needs. there first.
major repair. – Review the objective lab results subjectively with your customers.
– Feel free to ask your customers why you are not getting their – When selling in the field, be prepared. Know as much about your
– Keep trend reports on-hand to help communicate the value of – Question data that is outside expectations.
business. It shows you are interested and are looking to get customer, his equipment, and his oil needs as possible. Know
routine testing.
– Make good maintenance decisions with “inside” information. back lost business. the product you are selling. Your confidence will be noticed,
and your customer will be comfortable buying from you.
– Remind your customers of the reassurance they are getting
regarding the quality of John Deere lubricants. Buy Smart
Programs are in place to support purchasing products at reduced
costs. Coordinate and manage your inventory strategy to take
advantage of these opportunities. These benefits allow you to
buy at the lowest price possible with the opportunity to pass
savings on to your customers.

30 31
 Marketing Marketing

John Deere Plus-50™ II Price-Comparison Form

–– Save money by using John Deere Plus-50 II Engine Oil with extended-hour usage.
–– Review the example comparison form and then complete the blank form using your drain intervals, oils,
and prices. Remember, when used in a John Deere engine with a John Deere filter, and using ULSD, drain
intervals may be extended 100 percent, up to 500 hours. Example: Operator’s Manual recommendation:
250 hours; John Deere Plus-50 II Engine Oil: 500 hours.

COMPARE PLUS-50 II AND SAVE*

Machine – 624K Date – 9/14/12 User Inputs
Annual usage (hours) (A) 1450
Drain interval (hours) without Plus-50 II (B) 250
Drain interval (hours) with Plus-50 II (C) 500
Number of oil and filter changes per year without Plus-50 II (A divided by B) (D) 6
Number of oil and filter changes per year with Plus-50 II (A divided by C) (E) 3
Gallons required per change (F) 6.25
Cost of engine oil filters (RE541420) (G) $14.17
Competitive Oils
Use Plus-50 II Engine Oil and Save* Plus-50 II #1 #2 #3
Price per gallon $19.25 $18.00 $16.00 $13.00
Sell at the Parts Counter Telephone Marketing Gallons per change (F) x 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25
To be successful in selling oil at the parts counter, you will have Another way of promoting oil is through telephone marketing. Oil cost per change = $120.31 $112.50 $100.00 $81.25
to do some suggestive selling, which is selling the customer It’s been proven through numerous examples from the field that Engine oil filter(s) cost (G) + $14.17 $14.17 $14.17 $14.17
parts he had not planned to buy. It is the sale of items over and pre-selling oil can improve your sales. Total cost per change = $134.48 $126.67 $114.17 $95.42
above those the customer originally planned to buy. Changes per year (rounded up) (E) & (D) x 3 6 6 6
Give your customers a call:
Annual oil and filter cost = (H) $403.45 $760.02 $685.02 $572.52
Customers want suggestions from you:
–– First develop a call list. Less Plus-50 II annual cost – (H) — $403.45 $403.45 $403.45
–– Suggestions can remind them of products or parts they need. –– Ask your sales department to help assemble a listing of all Plus-50 II savings per year* = — $356.57 $281.57 $169.07
Save Money, Time, and Engine Life!
–– Suggestions can also help a customer identify needs of which potential customers. It’s important to maintain current listings.
*Cost of labor not included in this comparison.
he was not aware. –– Review the quantity and type of John Deere equipment the *Part numbers and figures are for example only and are subject to change.

–– Suggestive selling can save both time and money for you and customer has. COMPARE PLUS-50 II AND SAVE*
your customer. –– Approximate how much oil the customer might use in a year. Machine Date – 9/14/12 User Inputs
–– Sell filters — like bacon and eggs, filters and oil go together. –– Be aware of your company strategy of offering discounts as an Annual usage (hours) (A)
extra incentive for qualified customers with large oil-volume Drain interval (hours) without Plus-50 II (B)
Related Selling potential or purchase history. Drain interval (hours) with Plus-50 II (C)
Number of oil and filter changes per year without Plus-50 II (A divided by B) (D)
At the parts counter, you also have a chance to do some related –– In addition, when customers call your parts and service
Number of oil and filter changes per year with Plus-50 II (A divided by C) (E)
selling. Related selling is getting the customer to buy products departments, take care of their service or parts needs, and
Gallons required per change (F)
or parts related to those of his original purchase. If a customer then close the call with a sales pitch on John Deere oil.
Cost of engine oil filter(s) (G)
buys filters, sell him oil! That’s related selling.
Competitive Oils
Here are some other examples of related selling: Use Plus-50 II Engine Oil and Save* Plus-50 II #1 #2 #3
–– Customer comes in with a broken hydraulic pump — inform Price per gallon
him of the need to flush system before installing a new Gallons per change (F) x
pump — sell him oil. Oil cost per change =
Engine Oil Filter(s) cost (G) +
–– Customer comes in looking for a replacement hydraulic
hose — if it is time for an oil change and not to top off the Total cost per change =
system, sell him oil. Changes per year (rounded up) (E) & (D) x (E) (D) (D) (D)
Annual oil and filter cost = (H) (H)
–– Customer comes in looking for a hydraulic cylinder repair Less Plus-50 II annual cost – (H) — (H) (H) (H)
kit — if it is time for an oil change, sell him oil.
Plus-50 II savings per year* = —
Save Money, Time, and Engine Life!
*Cost of labor not included in this comparison.

Make a copy of the above chart and insert your prices. Take time to understand the benefits and value of
John Deere Plus-50 II oil in addition to the dollar savings from the chart. TRY IT! IT WORKS!
32 33
 General Information General Information

Base Oil and 10W-30 engine oil are blended using only the highest-qual- Oil color may not determine replacement need: Storing and Handling Oils
ity Group II and Group III base stocks to help keep engines clean –– In a diesel engine, good oil should turn dark with use to be
Crude petroleum oil is a mixture of a wide variety of hydrocar- and free of harmful and performance-robbing deposits. Follow these easy storing and handling tips to reduce the
effective. Detergent and dispersant additives in oil attract and
bon compounds of different molecular sizes, determined by the chance of dirt and moisture contamination in oil. Remember,
Group IV hold soot and other combustion products in suspension for
number of carbon atoms linked together with hydrogen atoms what gets into the oil gets into the equipment.
removal at the time oil is drained. In a hydraulic system, it may
to form a chain-like structure. In general, the longer the hydro- Lubricating oils can be formulated using synthetically made be different. Packaged product:
carbon chain, the higher its boiling temperature. Through the base stocks instead of those refined from crude oil. There are
oil-refining process of distillation, crude oil can be separated sophisticated chemical processes that can link together carbon Cheap oil does not save money: –– Store oil inside clean, enclosed areas. If oil is stored outdoors,
into its various components due to the fact that they vaporize, and hydrogen atoms to produce very uniform hydrocarbon it should be under cover and protected from the elements.
–– Too many people are trying to save money on oil when they
or boil off (longer chains separate from short chains), at differ- molecules with very precise chemical and physical properties. –– Keep oil temperature relatively stable. Changes in temperature
should be saving their equipment. Ten dollars saved through
ent temperatures. These vapors are then cooled and condensed Classified as Group IV base stocks, these synthetic lubricants can draw water into oil barrels.
buying cheap oil can result in hundreds or thousands of
back into liquids such as solvents, gasoline, diesel fuel, and can offer performance advantages over mineral oil base stocks. dollars of expense incurred prematurely. –– Lay oil barrels on their sides if stored outside, or tilt them
lubricating oils. These base lubricating oils are called base These advantages include better high-temperature performance
stocks, which are further purified and blended with various per- Use manufacturer’s recommended filter: slightly so the opening is away from any water collection.
by resisting high-temperature oil breakdown, oxidation thicken-
formance ingredients to make finished engine oils, hydraulic ing, and deposit formation; and better cold-temperature perfor- –– Buy quality oil filters as recommended in your Operator’s –– Keep barrel openings drawn tight using a bung tool and
oils, transmission fluids, and gear lubes. mance by retaining more fluid to quickly flow to moving parts at Manual. The money saved by buying cheap “will-fit” filters is wooden mallet.
API Group Classifications start-up, in very cold conditions, building oil pressure and less- negligible compared to the damage that can possibly result
ening start-up wear. John Deere Plus-50 II SAE 0W-40 Synthetic from their use. Filters meeting exact operating specifications Cause
Lubricating oil base stocks are classified according to their engine oil, blended with the highest-quality synthetic base are critical to the life of the machine. Air Escaping Water Water
Rain
chemical structure and sulfur content. A carbon atom can have stocks, is the best choice for use in extremely cold environments Air Air Space Powerful
up to four other atoms attached to it. Natural gas, or methane, to ensure maximum engine-lubrication protection. An aftermarket oil additive may reduce protection: COOL
Space Reduced
WARM
Suction
Created COOL
is the simplest hydrocarbon compound, with four hydrogen –– John Deere has adopted a general policy of not approving the
Clean oil as
delivered
Oil and air in
barrel expand
Water drawn
in as oil and
atoms attached to one carbon atom. Lubricating oils are long use of additional or supplemental oil additives, oil treatments, when warm;
some air
air contract
when cooled
chains of carbon atoms linked together, with hydrogen atoms Facts About Oil and Its Usage or engine treatments. above oil
escapes
attached to all the other available spots on the carbon chain. Water
Off-road engines have different needs: –– Additional oil additives and engine treatments could produce
Sometimes the carbon atoms can be joined together in what are
more problems than benefits. These products could create Prevention
called double or even triple bonds, with fewer spots for hydro- –– The off-road engine (farm or industrial) has less stop-and-go
a general chemical imbalance in the oil formulation and 1. Keep bungs drawn tight. Use wooden
gen atoms to attach to the chain. Unfortunately in these situa- operation and performs most of the time at normal operating mallet to make sure.
adversely affect the overall performance of the oil.
tions, the hydrocarbon molecules are less stable and can react temperatures. Load factors range from 70 to 80 percent of 2. Store barrels inside whenever possible.
3. If stored outside, lay barrels on their sides.
with other compounds inside an operating system to form the continuous rated load. –– There is no need to add anything to improve John Deere oils, 4. If barrels cannot be laid on their sides, tilt
them slightly as shown below.
gums, varnishes, sludge, and other harmful deposits. which already deliver exceptional performance.
–– An on-highway engine (truck and automobile) is subjected to
API Group I more stop-and-go operation, idling, and cold-engine opera- Synthetic oils: Water around bung may
be drawn into barrel
No water around bung
to be drawn into barrel
tion. It is seldom subjected to the off-road engine’s extended –– Synthetic oils are composed of base-stock products altered
API Group I base stocks were for many years the main compo-
high-load operation. Load factors range from 40 to 50 percent from their natural state through changes in their structure.
nent in engine oil, and performed adequately in yesterday’s
of the continuous rated load.
engine operating conditions. Group I base stocks contained –– Synthetic base stocks, like petroleum base stocks, require the
hydrocarbon chains with significant amounts of multiple bonds –– Manufacturer’s engine oil specifications take into consid- addition of the proper additives for the optimum performance Wrong Correct
and higher amounts of sulfur contaminants. As engine operat- eration these differences when formulating or specifying of the finished engine oil. Synthetic engine oils perform the
oils for their engines. Bulk stored product:
ing temperatures and horsepower outputs have increased, it has same functions as mineral oil and require the same oil-drain
been found that engine oils made with Group I base stocks are intervals. –– Clean all dirt and moisture from around the filler cap before
Operator’s Manual recommendations are critical:
not capable of withstanding these harsh operating conditions. removing it for adding oil to bulk storage tanks. Do the same
–– Lubrication recommendations in Operator’s Manuals ensure –– The value of operating with synthetic oils is most apparent before removing filters or dispensing connections.
They break down to form gums, varnishes, and carbon deposits.
good performance over a long period of time. Refer to the under extreme operating conditions — very cold and very hot
API Group II and Group III ambient temperatures. –– Always use fully functioning caps and filtered vents.
Operator’s Manual and follow the recommended lubrication
API Group II and Group III base stocks are further refined to practices. –– Keep tanks as full as practical to help prevent condensation.
Re-refined oils:
remove almost all sulfur content and reduce the number of mul- –– Oil changes are necessary regardless of base stock type. –– If equipped, drain the sediment and water from the tank drain
–– John Deere supports the recycling of used oils. Since re-refined
tiple bonds in the hydrocarbon molecules. This process is called valve periodically.
–– Oil loses many of its lubrication qualities as it absorbs engine and transmission oils must provide the same perfor-
hydro-treating. In addition, a more severe refining process –– With the tank positioned at a slight angle, place the pick-up
contaminants and its additives are depleted. mance levels as other lubricants, they also must meet the
called hydrocracking can be used to break apart extremely long tube at the higher end of the tank so the sediment and water
requirements for: (1) physical and chemical specifications,
hydrocarbon chains to produce a very pure and stable base –– Oil thickens as it breaks down and oxidizes. If it gets thinner can be collected and drained at the lower end of the tank.
and (2) all performance-test requirements.
stock. These two processes produce base stocks that are much during use, fuel dilution or coolant leak may be the cause.
more stable and capable of resisting high-temperature break- –– Minimize direct sunlight and thermal cycling to reduce
–– Oil oxidation and excessive contamination cause the oil to condensation and support product stability.
down and deposit formation. John Deere Plus-50™ II SAE 15W-40 eventually become unfit for further use.
–– If bulk storage tanks must be in direct sunlight, paint tanks a
light color to minimize heating and temperature swings.

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 General Information General Information

Disposing of Oil Combustion JASO Resin

The act of burning fuel, as in engines Japanese Automotive Standards Organization Natural organic substance soluble in organic solvents (ether)
–– Improper disposal of drained oil can harm the environment but not in water
and ecology. Never pour oil on the ground, down a drain, or Composition Kinematic viscometer
into a waterway, stream, lake, or pond. A product of mixing or combining various elements or An instrument used to determine the viscosity grade of an oil Retention
ingredients The act of holding secure or intact
–– Always observe environmental regulations. John Deere Lubricant
recommends that all used oil be returned to responsible Congeal A substance that lessens or prevents friction, heat, and wear Rust
recyclers. To change from a fluid to a semisolid state The reddish, brittle coating (iron oxide) formed when chemically
Natural gas
attacked by moist air
Consumption Gas issuing from the earth’s crust used chiefly as a fuel and raw
To use up or waste away material SAE
Society of Automotive Engineers
Contaminant Neutralize
Undesirable element which can make oil unfit for use To counteract the activity or effect of Saybolt
An instrument used to determine the viscosity of an oil; a unit of
Corrosion OEM
measure
The process of wearing away gradually by chemical action Original Equipment Manufacturer
Sludge
Crude oil Oxidation
A precipitate or material setting (as a mixture of impurities and
Oil in its natural state unaltered by processing The process of combining with oxygen or the thickening of oil
acid) from an oil
Decompose Petroleum
Stability
To undergo chemical breakdown An oily, flammable, bituminous liquid that is a complex mixture
Resistance to chemical change or physical disintegration
of hydrocarbons prepared for use as gasoline, naphtha, or other
Density products by various refining processes Suspension
A measure of the oil’s weight per unit volume The state of a substance when its particles are mixed with but
Polyalphaolefins (PAOs)
Depressant remain undissolved in a fluid or solid
A common base stock used to blend synthetic lubricants
An agent that reduces the activity or moves to a lower position TBN
Polymer
Dispersant Total Base Number; a measure of the alkalinity level of oil
A chemical compound or mixture of compounds consisting of
Glossary of Oil Terminology A substance for promoting the suspension (as fine particles) repetitive structural units Viscosity
more or less evenly throughout Resistance to flow
ACEA Pour point
European Automobile Manufacturers Association Distillation The lowest temperature at which a substance flows under Viscosity index (VI)
A process that separates hydrocarbon fractions according to specified conditions A number assigned as a measure of the change of the viscosity
Additive their boiling range of a lubricating oil with change of temperature, with higher
A chemical added to a base oil to improve desirable properties Premature wear
EPA numbers indicating viscosities that change little with
or suppress undesirable properties Wear occurring before the usual time
Environmental Protection Agency temperature
Alkalinity Rating
Flash point Wear
Having the ability to neutralize acids A classification according to grade
The temperature at which oil vapors will ignite momentarily The progressive loss of substance from the surface of a body
Antifreeze with a flame Reference fluid occurring as a result of relative motion at the surface
A compound added to a liquid to lower its freezing point A fluid by which performance is compared
Formulate Zinc
API To prepare according to a set method or mixture Refinery Oil additives containing zinc minimize engine wear and oil
American Petroleum Institute A building and the equipment used for separating the material oxidation
Fractionation in crude oil and producing useful products from it
Ash level To separate (as a mixture) into different portions
The amount of ash formed when oil is burned
Friction
ASTM The rubbing of one body against another
American Society for Testing and Materials
Fuel oil
Baseline An oil that is used as fuel
The standard by which test results are compared
Gel
Brake chatter To change into or take on a more solid form
Brakes that operate with an irregularity that causes rapid
intermittent noise or vibration Grade
A position in a scale of, as in oil
Classification
A systematic arrangement of oils in groups or categories Inhibitor
according to established criteria An agent that slows or interferes with a chemical reaction, such
as rusting

36 37
 General Information General Information

Engine Oil 2. Oil cools Engine Oil Classifications –– SAE 15W-40 provides the best engine performance and
moving parts protection for all climates above –15 degrees C (+5 degrees F).
A complex group of ratings, classifications, grades, etc. surrounds A number of separate organizations cooperate to provide
–– Plus 50 II SAE 0W-40 is an all-season engine oil providing
today’s engine oils, which have become more sophisticated, as standards and classification systems so engine oil performance
3. Oil helps the outstanding performance and protection for all diesel and
have the engines in which these oils are used. This section will rings to seal can be tested and rated:
gasoline engines in John Deere equipment down to –40
discuss these complex engine oil specifications. But first we will
–– European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) degrees C.
look at the demands today’s engines place on lubricating oils.
–– Japanese Automotive Standards Organization (JASO) –– John Deere prefers the use of SAE 10W-30 in all gasoline-
Engine Oil Requirements
–– Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) engine-powered units.
We all know that, basically, lubricants reduce friction and wear –– SAE 10W-30 provides the best engine performance and
between moving parts. Refined oil was adequate when the –– American Petroleum Institute (API)
protection for all climates above –20 degrees C (–4 degrees F).
horse and buggy were the primary means of transportation, but –– American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
today’s equipment requires more sophisticated lubricants. The –– SAE 5W-30 oils may be used in cold-weather operations
–– Various engine manufacturers and the military also provide between –30 degrees C (–22 degrees F) and +40 degrees C
development of more powerful engines is constantly changing their own specifications
our technology, and lubricants must be formulated to perform (+104 degrees F) with drain-interval restrictions.
under new conditions. All of these classification systems define minimum performance. –– Arctic oils may be required in some locations where ambient
Selecting the right oil may often seem confusing given the operating temperatures are considerably colder than –40
Today’s high-performance automotive, light-duty, and heavy-
various classifications provided by these organizations. To degrees C.
duty engines demand a great deal from a lubricating oil. Here
are the four most important demands: 1. Oil film reduces
simplify this confusion, let’s first look at viscosity grades that The chart below shows the temperatures at which any oil must
friction and wear share a common rating for all engine oils. meet the respective requirements of its SAE viscosity grade.
1. Oil Must Reduce Friction and Wear
4. Oil cleanses the parts
Engine friction and wear are caused by the interference contact SAE Viscosity Grades
of moving parts. Combustion by-products and other contami- SAE J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
nants present in the oil also add to engine wear. To prevent 4. Oil Must Keep Parts Clean –– The Society of Automotive Engineers has developed a viscosity
metal-to-metal contact, the oil must maintain enough viscosity Contrary to popular opinion, engine oils do wear out. Extended grade classification system for engine oils, which is SAE J300.
Low-Temperature Viscosities High-Temperature Viscosities
or film thickness to provide a cushion between moving parts service depletes the additives and oxidizes the base oils, form- –– Viscosity is a measure of the oil’s fluidity at a given Cranking (cP) Pumping (cP) Kinematic (cSt) High Shear (cP)
SAE
under all operating temperatures. ing harmful compounds. While good filtration will prolong oil temperature. Viscosity at °C at °C at 100 °C at 150 °C and 106 s-1
Grade Max. Max. Min. Max. Min.
In spite of high, localized operating temperatures, the viscosity life, many contaminants are soluble in oil and can pass through –– Oils vary in viscosity as the temperature changes; oils become (with no yield stress)

under other conditions must be no higher than necessary and the filter. These contaminants are primarily unburned or partially more fluid as the temperature increases and less fluid as the 0W 6,200 at –35 60,000 at –40 3.8 – –
still provide good starting and the least friction under sustained burned fuel; additionally, corrosive acids and water are fre- temperature decreases. Having fluid oil for cold morning 5W 6,600 at –30 60,000 at –35 3.8 – –

running. quently present. The oil must prevent the formation of these starts is very critical. Engine oil must provide lubrication 10W 7,000 at –25 60,000 at –30 4.1 – –
materials or, once formed, keep them in suspension so they do before the operating temperature is reached or severe 15W 7,000 at –20 60,000 at –25 5.6 – –
2. Oil Must Cool Moving Parts not settle on the engine’s internal surfaces. 20W 9,500 at –15 60,000 at –20 5.6 – –
component wear will occur.
25W 13,000 at –10 60,000 at –15 9.3 – –
Engine oil is largely responsible for piston cooling. This is done Engine oil must fulfill all these requirements, not only when –– The SAE standard assigns numbers called viscosity grades to 20 – – 5.6 <9.3 2.6
by direct heat transfer through the oil film to the cylinder walls new, but throughout the complete drain interval: identify the oil’s resistance to flow; examples are 20, 30, 40, 30 – – 9.3 <12.5 2.9
and into the cooling system. Additionally, oil splash directed at 50, and 60. 40 – – 12.5 <16.3 3.5 (0W-40, 5W-40,
the underside of the piston crown and shirt carries heat to the –– Keep a protective oil film on moving parts. and 10W-40 grades)
engine crankcase for dispersion. –– Resist high temperatures. –– Viscosity grades 20 and above must meet a high-temperature 40 – – 12.5 <16.3 3.7 (15W-40, 20W-40,
viscosity requirement. 25W-40, and 40 grades)
Oils of equal viscosities have the same heat-transfer capabilities, –– Resist corrosion. 50 – – 16.3 <21.9 3.7
but the oil must have enough heat stability to resist decomposi- –– The letter “W” after the viscosity grade number indicates the 60 – – 21.9 <26.1 3.7
–– Prevent ring-sticking deposits. oil has met a low-temperature (winter) requirement; examples
tion when it is exposed to hot surfaces.
–– Prevent sludge formation. are 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, and 25W. Revised: November 2007.
Note: 1 cP = 1 mPa.s; 1 cSt = 1 mm2 /s. All values are critical specifications as defined by ASTM D-3244.
3. Oil Must Help Seal the Cylinders
–– Flow easily at low temperatures. –– John Deere recommends following the manufacturer’s For specific test methods, see the full SAE J300 standard.

During combustion, pressures in the cylinder may be 18,000 kPa suggestions for oil selection.
–– Resist thickening after prolonged use.
(2,600 psi) or higher. Oil helps the piston rings seal these
pressures in the combus­tible chamber by forming an oil film –– Resist foaming.
on the piston rings and cylinder walls. –– Suspend insolubles.
–– Minimize deposits.

38 39
 General Information General Information

Viscosity Test Summary of SAE Viscosity Grades API Service Categories for Engine Oils
–– In the viscosity test, a measured quantity of the oil is brought In summary, the SAE viscosity grade indicates how oil flows at Category Designation Status API Service Description (Diesel Engines)
to the test measurement temperature. Viscosity is determined specified temperatures. It makes no attempt to define the oil’s (Diesel Engines)
by the length of time it takes a specified volume of oil to flow quality, additive content, performance, or suitability for specific CJ-4 Current Introduced in 2006. For high-speed, four-stroke engines designed to meet 2007 model year on-highway exhaust emission stan-
through a small orifice in an instrument such as a Saybolt or service conditions. dards. CJ-4 oils are compounded for use in all applications, with diesel fuels ranging in sulfur content up to 500 ppm (0.05% by
Kinematic Viscometer. weight). However, use of these oils with greater than 15-ppm (0.0015% by weight) sulfur fuel may impact exhaust aftertreat-
ment system durability and/or oil-drain interval. CJ-4 oils are effective at sustaining emission control system durability where
–– Low-temperature viscosity is measured in two tests: the Low- Performance Ratings particulate filters and other advanced aftertreatment systems are used. Optimum protection is provided for control of catalyst
Temperature Cranking Test and the Low-Temperature Pumping poisoning, particulate filter blocking, engine wear, piston deposits, low- and high-temperature stability, soot-handling proper-
Engine Manufacturer’s Oil Specifications ties, oxidative thickening, foaming, and viscosity loss due to shear. API CJ-4 oils exceed the performance criteria of API CI-4 with
Test. As the name implies, the Low-Temperature Cranking Test
CI-4 PLUS, CI-4, CH-4, CG-4, and CF-4, and can effectively lubricate engines calling for those API service categories. When using
simulates engine cranking and is conducted at the various The most important part of selecting engine oil is using the CJ-4 oil with higher than 15-ppm sulfur fuel, consult the engine manufacturer for service interval.
temperatures listed in the SAE J300 chart for the “W” grades. equipment manufacturer’s recommendations found in the CI-4 PLUS Current  sed in conjunction with API CI-4, the CI-4 PLUS designation identifies oils formulated to provide a higher level of protection
U
–– The Low-Temperature Pumping Test measures oil pumpability Operator’s Manual. If oil with the incorrect rating is used, the against soot-related viscosity increase and viscosity loss due to shear in diesel engines.
at temperatures 5 degrees C below those specified for the engine may not get the protection it needs and the warranty CI-4 Current Introduced in 2002. For high-speed, four-stroke engines designed to meet 2004 exhaust emission standards implemented in
Low-Temperature Cranking Test. Satisfactory performance in may be void. 2002. CI-4 oils are formulated to sustain engine durability where Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is used, and are intended for
use with diesel fuels ranging in sulfur content up to 0.5% weight. Can be used in place of CD, CE, CF-4, CG-4, and CH-4 oils.
the latter test is required to ensure oil flow is not restricted to ASTM Test Methods Some CI-4 oils may also qualify for the CI-4 PLUS designation.
critical areas of the engine after a cold engine start.
The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) develops CH-4 Current Introduced in 1998. For high-speed, four-stroke engines designed to meet 1998 exhaust emission standards. CH-4 oils are
–– High-Temperature, High-Shear (HTHS) viscosity relates to the standardized test methods for evaluating lubricants. These test specifically compounded for use with diesel fuels ranging in sulfur content up to 0.5% weight. Can be used in place of CD, CE,
viscosity under heavy loads, high temperatures, and high shear CF-4, and CG-4 oils.
methods contain strict controls on hardware, operating condi-
rates where viscosity index improver additives are stressed. tions, repeatability, and reproducibility. Surveillance groups
CG-4 Current Introduced in 1995. For severe-duty, high-speed, four-stroke engines using fuel with less than 0.5% weight sulfur. CG-4 oils are
required for engines meeting 1994 emission standards. Can be used in place of CD, CE, and CF-4 oils.
continually review test results for severity. These standardized
CF-4 Current Introduced in 1990. For high-speed, four-stroke, naturally aspirated, and turbocharged engines. Can be used in place of CD and
Multi-Viscosity Oils tests and minimum acceptable performance limits are used by CE oils.
the American Petroleum Institute (API) to define ratings.
–– For engines subjected to a wide range of operating tempera- CF-2 Current Introduced in 1994. For severe-duty, two-stroke-cycle engines. Can be used in place of CD-II oils.
tures, multi-viscosity oil should be used. Multi-grade or multi- API Service Categories CF Current Introduced in 1994. For off-road, indirect-injected, and other diesel engines including those using fuel with over 0.5% weight
viscosity oils are formulated to meet both low-temperature sulfur. Can be used in place of CD oils.
The API service ratings define minimum oil quality. Ratings
and high-temperature viscosity requirements. beginning with the letter “C” are oils intended for diesel engines,
CE Obsolete Introduced in 1985. For high-speed, four-stroke, naturally aspirated, and turbocharged engines. Can be used in place of CC and
CD oils.
–– These oils are identified as 10W-30, 15W-40, and so on. while ratings beginning with the letter “S” are oils intended for
CD-II Obsolete Introduced in 1985. For two-stroke cycle engines.
–– These oils are formulated by blending various base oils to gasoline engines.
CD Obsolete Introduced in 1955. For certain naturally aspirated and turbocharged engines.
obtain a viscosity grade such as 15W and adding polymers The second letter indicates a rating update; the “CJ-4” rating CC Obsolete Caution: Not suitable for use in diesel-powered engines built after 1990.
called viscosity index improvers. These polymers do not is more current than “CI-4,” and “SN” is more current than CB Obsolete Caution: Not suitable for use in diesel-powered engines built after 1961.
significantly affect oil viscosity at low temperatures, but they “SM,” etc.
expand when the oil temperature rises. This expansion causes CA Obsolete Caution: Not suitable for use in diesel-powered engines built after 1959.
an increase in viscosity at higher temperatures that yields Lubricants meeting more than one service rating may be
multi-grade oil such as 15W-40. identified “For Service CJ-4/SN,” etc. When dual ratings are Category Designation Status API Service Description (Gasoline Engines)
indicated, the first rating is the primary use rating. In the above (Gasoline Engines)
–– Some oils may use synthetic oil or mixtures of petroleum-base example, the oil “CJ-4/SN” is primarily a diesel oil which also SN Current Introduced in October 2010. For 2011 and older vehicles designed to provide improved high-temperature deposit protection for
and synthetic oil to obtain the multi-viscosity rating. meets a gasoline rating. pistons, more stringent sludge control, and seal compatibility. API SN with Resource Conserving (RC) matches ILSAC GF-5 by
combining API SN performance with improved fuel economy, turbocharger protection, emission control system compatibility,
The chart on the next page provides a brief summary of the and protection of engines operating on ethanol-containing fuels up to E85.
ratings and service oil descriptions. SM Current F or all automotive engines currently in use. Introduced in 2004. SM oils are designed to provide improved resistance and deposit
protection, and better wear protection and low-temperature performance over the life of the oil. Some SM oils may also meet
the latest ILSAC specification and/or qualify as Energy Conserving.
SL Current For 2004 and older automotive engines.
SJ Current For 2001 and older automotive engines.
SH Obsolete For 1996 and older engines.
SG Obsolete For 1993 and older engines.
SF Obsolete For 1988 and older engines.
SE Obsolete Caution: Not suitable for use in gasoline-powered automotive engines built after 1979.
SD Obsolete  aution: Not suitable for use in gasoline-powered automotive engines built after 1971. Use in more modern engines may cause
C
unsatisfactory performance or equipment harm.
SC Obsolete  aution: Not suitable for use in gasoline-powered automotive engines built after 1967. Use in more modern engines may cause
C
unsatisfactory performance or equipment harm.
SB Obsolete  aution: Not suitable for use in gasoline-powered automotive engines built after 1951. Use in more modern engines may cause
C
unsatisfactory performance or equipment harm.
SA Obsolete  aution: Contains no additives. Not suitable for use in gasoline-powered automotive engines built after 1930. Use in more
C
modern engines may cause unsatisfactory performance or equipment harm.

40 41
 General Information General Information

Military Specifications Additives enhance or impart new oil properties in three ways: Foam-inhibitor additive: Problem
protect engine surfaces, protect the base stock, and modify oil
In 1941, the military began qualifying engine oils. The U.S. Army –– Prevents lubricants from forming a persistent foam by reducing An excessive buildup of dust, soot, dirt, and metallic-particle con-
properties.
2104 specification was issued that year to cover oils meeting surface tension to speed the collapse of the foam. Foaming oil taminants can damage engine bearings, pistons, and rings, result-
both Caterpillar and General Motors requirements. The military An oil may contain some or all of the additives described below. increases the oxidation rate; the oil thickness; and wear rates ing in downtime and costly repair or equipment replacement.
has continued to evaluate and classify engine oils as engines Each of the additives shown may include a number of different in bearings, rings, and gears.
Prevention
became more sophisticated. chemical compounds. These chemicals are chosen depending on
Seal-swell additives:
their specific performance and compatibility with other chemicals Service the engine regularly. Operators can help prevent early
Military specifications also include gasoline engine tests to in the lubricant. –– Prevent deterioration of seals. engine failure with regular service of the air cleaner, oil filter
evaluate the effect of engine oil quality on bearing corrosion, breather cap, and crankcase ventilator that restrict dirt particles
engine wear, and engine deposits such as rust, sludge, and Detergent-dispersant additives: Many different types of elastomers are used to retain lubricants
from entering the engine. Filler caps, funnels, and other equip-
varnish. Recent changes in military procurement regulations in today’s equipment. Seals must maintain their properties and
–– Help keep metal surfaces clean and prevent deposit formation. ment used to add oil to the system should be cleaned before
now allow the purchase of lubricants meeting applicable not shrink, crack, revert to some other form, or swell excessively.
additions are made.
industry specifications for use in most military equipment. Particles of soot and oxidized oil or fuel are kept suspended in A seal swell additive along with proper blending procedures
the oil. Suspension is so fine that it passes through the oil filter helps maintain the properties of the sealing material throughout Change oil and filters regularly. Operator’s Manuals give complete
Military Specifications API “Equivalent” and continues to be carried by the oil. Regular drain periods the wide temperature changes encountered. change intervals and capacity listings for oils, lubricants, and filters.
U.S. Military MIL-PRF-2104H CI-4 result in the removal of suspended contaminants. Black oil is
Pour-point-depressant additives: Water
evidence that an oil is helping keep the engine clean by carrying
Non-current
combustion particles in the oil rather than letting them –– Prevent wax crystals from congealing in cold weather and Water can contaminate oil. Water vapor is a by-product of com-
U.S. Military MIL-PRF-2104G CG-4 accumulate as sludge inside the engine. forming clumps. bustion. Each gallon of fuel consumed produces more than a
U.S. Military MIL-L-2104F CF-4 gallon of water. Operating a cold engine condenses water that
Extreme-pressure anti-wear and friction-modifier additives: Some paraffin wax is present in lubricating oil, although most
U.S. Military MIL-L-2104E CE/SG collects in the crankcase. As the water condenses, it is scraped
wax is removed during refining processes. These wax crystals
U.S. Military MIL-L-2104D CD/SF
–– Ensure lubrication where extreme pressures between close down into the crankcase oil by the piston ring. The water does
tend to congeal in cold weather, interfering with oil flow and
tolerance and metal-to-metal surface contact are encountered. not start to vaporize until the cylinder wall reaches 63 degrees C
U.S. Military MIL-L-2104C CD/SC causing lubrication difficulties.
–– Reduce friction; prevent galling, scoring, seizure, and wear. (145 degrees F).
U.S. Military MIL-L-2104B CD/SC
–– Reduce energy consumption and heat generation. Problem
U.S. Military MIL-L-46152E SG Engine Oil Contaminants
U.S. Military MIL-L-46152D SG Anti-rust additive: A buildup of water in used oil can result in soot particles forming
larger molecules or sludge and plugging filters. When the filter
U.S. Military MIL-L-46152C SF –– Prevents rusting of metal parts during storage periods and plugs, a by-pass valve opens and allows unfiltered oil to circulate
U.S. Military MIL-L-46152B SF/CC downtime. COOLANT
through the engine. If abrasive contaminants are present in the
U.S. Military MIL-L-46152A SE/CC
COMBUSTION DUST
–– Neutralizes acids so they are no longer harmful. FUEL by-passed oil, damage to close-fitting components can result.
U.S. Military MIL-L-45199B CD OXIDATION DILUTION Water can also cause metal surfaces to rust or corrode.
Oxidation-inhibitor additives: HEAT WATER
SOOT PRODUCTS METALLIC
Prevention
–– Inhibit oil molecules from combining with oxygen, which PARTICLES
ACID
causes oxidation or thickening of the oil. Warm up the engine properly each time it is used and before a
heavy load is applied. (Significantly more engine wear occurs in
Engine Oil Additives –– Prevent acid, varnish, and sludge formation.
a cold engine operating at 38 degrees C [100 degrees F] than in
John Deere does not recommend the addition of any after- –– Protect alloy bearings from corrosion. a warm engine at 71 degrees C [160 degrees F].) Use a proper
market oil additives. John Deere oil is formulated with the Anti-corrosion additives: thermostat to heat the engine to the correct temperature as
correct balance based on oil treatment or engine treatment quickly as possible. Check engine temperature frequently.
performance testing. Adding additional chemicals could –– Help prevent failure of alloy bearings from the corrosive acid BASE OIL OXIDATION
which is formed as a normal by-product of combustion. ADDITIVE DEGRADATION Drain the crankcase oil only when the engine is warm to maximize
cause an imbalance or have an adverse effect on engine contaminant removal and help prevent severe engine damage.
performance. –– Protect metal surfaces from corrosive attack.
Antifreeze
During the 1930s, engine tests to evaluate the performance Viscosity-index improvers:
properties of engine oils were developed. Ring sticking and The quality of oil is important. Using uncontaminated oil is just Antifreeze is a contaminant of oil. It can enter the engine oil
–– Help an oil perform properly through a wide temperature range. as important. In fact, oil contamination can hamper engine per- system through leaking head gaskets, damaged cylinder liners,
ring and cylinder scuffing problems became epidemic; through
cooperation with several oil companies, the first additized oil –– Give oil the beneficial properties of both light and heavy oils. formance as much as using poor-quality oil. With this in mind, oil coolers, and cylinder liner packings.
was made available commercially in 1935. review the different types of oil contaminants, the problems
Multi-grade oils with this additive span an extra-wide range of Problem
contaminants cause, and ways to prevent oil contamination.
Seventy-five years later, special oil additives are still used for viscosity grades compared to single-grade oils. Lighter single- Antifreeze contamination in used oil can cause the problems
enhancing lubricating oils to provide the extra performance grade oils make starting easier at lower temperatures but thin Dust, Dirt, Soot, and Metallic Particles
discussed previously for water contamination: soot collection,
required of today’s engines. Each additive, or combination of out as oil heats up. Heavier single-grade oils give good The process of combustion draws dust into the engine. In diesel sludge formation, and plugged filters. In addition, antifreeze
addities, is included in an oil for a specific reason, based on the protection at moderate temperatures but thicken in cold systems, the fuel soot resulting from combustion joins with contamination can cause bearing corrosion.
application and service expected from that oil. temperatures, reducing protection and causing hard starting blow-by gases to contaminate crankcase oil. Topping off with oil
and improper lubrication. Antifreeze contamination usually indicates the need for major
make-up may also accidentally introduce dirt into the engine. And
engine repairs.
microscopic metal particles abraded from normal engine wear
tend to infiltrate engine oil.

42 43
 General Information General Information

Prevention Prevention Transmission — Hydraulic Oil Properties Oils with viscosities that are too low can cause leakage, resulting
in low system efficiency and a rise in temperature. Oils with
Follow specified service-manual procedures when torquing head Make sure the cooling system is properly maintained and the The key properties of transmission-hydraulic oils are listed viscosities that are too high can cause sluggish operation, over-
bolts during overhaul. NOTE: Be sure to re-torque bolts when temperature gauges are working properly. Check engine temper- below: heating, and high pressure.
specified. ature frequently. Have engine timing checked periodically.
Contain Anti-Wear Extreme-Pressure Additives: Cleanliness
Use the recommended coolant to prevent cylinder liner damage. Antioxidants in new oil help protect the oil from oxidation and
Guard against incorrect timing and improper use of starting fluids reduce oil breakdown. (The antioxidants in John Deere Plus-50 II –– For reduced wear in operation of gears and pumps. Fluid cleanliness is also very important. Debris can cause exces-
that can result in head-gasket damage: Engine Oil excel in delaying oxidation in high-heat, heavy-duty High Oxidation Stability: sive wear and is a common cause of valve sticking. A fluid should
operations.) meet the cleanliness requirements of the components in the
–– Never use automotive coolant in a heavy-duty diesel engine. –– For long life and deposit protection. hydraulic system.
Fuel Friction Modified:
Transmission — Hydraulic Oil Stability
When partially oxidized and unburned fuel mix with oil in the –– Minimizes chatter in wet-brake systems. Hydraulic oils are subject to heat, moisture, agitation, and
crankcase of gasoline or diesel engines, varnish deposits appear Hydraulic system:
Wet hydraulic clutches –– Provides smooth clutch operation. aeration, ideal conditions for oxidation and deterioration. In
on piston surfaces. Hydraulic system: – Steering
– SCVs and couplers well-kept systems where there is little fluid loss and the oils
In diesel engines, a cracked fuel pump diaphragm, a faulty Contain Rust and Corrosion Inhibitors: will be in service for long periods, oxidation inhibitors are
– Hydraulic pumps
injector, or a leaking fuel-injection pump-shaft seal causes oil –– Protects when fluid becomes slightly wet. necessary. The rate of oil oxidation increases with a rise in
contamination. temperature. Because of this, some manufacturers provide
High Viscosity Index: coolers to control the oil temperature and reduce oxidation.
In gasoline engines, over-choking, engine misfiring, carburetor
flooding, and cold engine operation allow gasoline to seep into –– Provides best viscosity under a wide range of operating Corrosion Resistance
the oil. temperatures.
Since hydraulic systems are vented, it is impossible to prevent
Problem Contain Foam Suppressors: the reservoir “breathing” and intake of moisture that can result
–– Reduces oil foaming as it circulates through the systems. in the corrosion of metal parts.
Diesel fuel in the crankcase reduces viscosity, leading to piston
seizure, decreased bearing life, high oil consumption, and piston High load gears: Compatible with All Types of Seals: Since only a very small degree of corrosion and its resultant
deposits. Deposits on pistons cause rings to stick, resulting in – MFWD gear case pitting can adversely affect the operation of the finely
accelerated engine wear and increased oil contamination. High load gears:
Hydraulic brakes – Transmission
–– Seals do not shrink, crack, revert to some other form, or swell machined parts in the system, hydraulic oil must contain
– Differential excessively.
– Final drives very potent corrosion inhibitors.
Raw fuel or gasoline may run down the cylinder walls, past the rings.
This washes away the lubricating oil and increases engine wear. Low Pour Point: Pour Point
Prevention –– John Deere equipment may have a common or separate –– For low-temperature service. Pour point is of prime importance to mobile and outdoor equip-
reservoir for the transmission, differential, brake, and Low-Temperature Fluidity: ment. In some northern areas, winter temperatures fall far below
Keep the diesel fuel system in good condition.
hydraulic system. the natural pour point of most oils. Therefore, the oil must be
Bring the engine to normal operating temperature each time it –– Meets special low-temperature fluidity tests to ensure func- properly formulated and fortified with pour-point depressants
–– John Deere Hy-Gard™ is a multi-functional lubricant recom- tionality in low-temperature operations.
is used. mended for use in all of these systems. to allow it to flow at sub-zero temperatures.
Avoid over-choking the engine, running the engine when it’s –– Some machines have hydraulic systems separate from the
misfiring, and excessive idling of diesel engines.
Hydraulic Oil Requirements
transmission. John Deere Hy-Gard is also recommended for
Repair faulty carburetors and fuel-injector systems. these applications. –– The primary function of hydraulic oil is to transmit power.
–– Industry standards defining performance requirements for –– However, the fluid must also be stable over long periods and
Heat
transmission and hydraulic fluids do not exist. Manufacturers’ protect the machine against corrosion and oxidation.
High operating temperatures caused by heavy loads, faulty standards are used instead. –– Hydraulic oil must act as a lubricant and a heat absorber for
cooling systems, bad timing, pre-ignition, and detonation speed the working parts.
up the oxidation of oils.
–– Some equipment has hydraulic systems separate from the
Problem transmission. John Deere Hy-Gard is also recommended for
The effect of oxidation is thickened oil and the reduced capability these applications.
to neutralize the combustion by-products. The result will be an
oil containing acids, which may corrode bearing metals and also Hydraulic Oil Properties
form resins, which may deposit on the pistons and hot metal
parts as varnish. The results may be ring sticking, valve sticking, Viscosity
and sludge formation. Viscosity is probably the single most important property of Contaminated hydraulic oil scored these hydraulic pump pistons.
hydraulic oil. Parts within a hydraulic system depend on close
fits to create and maintain the necessary pressures.

44 45
 General Information General Information

Anti-Foam API GL-1 (Obsolete) Sae Gear Oil Classification While the SAE numbers of gear oils are higher than those of
engine crankcase oils, gear oils are not necessarily that much
Foaming in hydraulic oils can be caused by excessive agitation For service in automotive-type spiral bevel, worm gear axles, and SAE J2360 higher in viscosity. To avoid confusion, higher numbers are
in the presence of air, or by air leaking into the system. Chronic some standard transmissions, and operating under conditions of
SAE J2360 has been written to replace MIL-PRF-2105E, and it assigned to gear oils. For example, SAE 80 gear oil actually has
foaming is a design problem and should be treated as such. For low pressures and sliding velocities. Rust and oxidation inhibitors,
is equivalent to MIL-PRF-2105E when all requirements are met. about the same viscosity as SAE 20 engine oil when measured
added protection, most hydraulic fluids contain a small amount foam suppressors, and pour-point depressants may be used,
at 100 degrees C (see chart below).
of foam suppressant. This does not prevent foaming but causes while friction reducers and extreme-pressure agents must not. SAE J306
the foam to be very unstable and to break down rapidly.
API GL-2 (Obsolete) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) gear oil classification Approximate Engine Oil and Gear Oil Viscosity Comparison
Compatible with Seals is based on viscosity alone and is no indication of quality or
For automotive-type worm gear axle service, under conditions Engine Oil Viscosity Gear Oil Viscosity
Seals in the hydraulic system contain rubber and other materials, of load, temperature, and sliding velocities where gear oils for service (see chart below). SAE 0W
which could deteriorate if oil contains harmful materials. For Service GL-1 are not adequate. SAE 5W
this reason, the oil must be made compatible with the seals in Automotive Gear Lubricant Viscosity Classification SAE 70W
API GL-3 (Obsolete)
the system. SAE Maximum Kinematic Kinematic SAE 10W SAE 75W
For service in manual transmissions and spiral-bevel gear axles, Viscosity Temperature Viscosity at Viscosity at SAE 20W
Anti-Wear Grade for Viscosity of 100 °C, cSt(3) 100 °C, cSt(3)
under moderate conditions of speed and load. The service SAE 80W
Hydraulic pumps and motors are very susceptible to wear. Many conditions are more severe than those of API GL-1 services, 150 000 cP, °C(1,2) Minimum(4) Maximum
70W –55(5) 4.1 – SAE 30W
service instructions recommend using only oils containing anti-​ but not as demanding as those for GL-4. SAE 40W SAE 90W
wear compounds. 75W –40 4.1 –
API GL-4 80W –26 7.0 – SAE 50W
85W –12 11.0 – SAE 140W
Gear Oil GL-4 is used for manual transmission spiral-bevel and hypoid
gears in moderate service. 80 – 7.0 <11.0 To avoid confusion, higher SAE viscosity numbers are assigned to gear oils.
–– One of the most important gear lubricant performance charac­ 85 – 11.0 <13.5
API GL-5
teristics is load-carrying capacity. 90 – 13.5 <18.5
Multi-grade gear oils are presently available from some suppliers
–– Some gears are operated under loads and speeds at which the This is the preferred oil in John Deere components when gear 110 – 18.5 <24.0
in grades of SAE 75W-90, 80W-90, 80W-140, and SAE 85W-140.
very low load-carrying capacity of untreated oil is adequate. oils are recommended. API GL-5 is for service similar to GL-4 but 140 – 24.0 <32.5
for more severe conditions. It applies to conditions encountered 190 – 32.5 <41.0 Some manufacturers recommend engine crankcase oils for use in
–– However, most gears require lubricants of greater load- in hypoid gears. Other equipment operated under high-speed, standard transmission service, while some transmissions may use
250 – 41.0 –
carrying capacity, which is provided through the use of shock-load; high-speed, low-torque; and low-speed, high- SAE 50 engine oil as an alternate for SAE 90 gear oil. As a result,
additives. torque conditions may specify API GL-5. Note: 1 cP = 1 mPa.s; 1 cSt = 1 mm2 /s. some gear-oil containers are marked SAE 50-90, indicating that
–– Gear lubricants compounded to achieve increased load- 1. Using ASTM D 2983. the viscosity requirements of SAE 50 engine oil are met.
API GL-6 (Obsolete) 2. Additional low-temperature viscosity requirements may be appropriate for
carrying capacity are referred to as “extreme-pressure” (EP) fluids intended for use in light-duty synchronized manual transmissions.
lubricants. API GL-6 is an obsolete classification. See text.
3. Using ASTM D 445. Mixing Gear Lubricants
–– However, when this term is applied to a gear lubricant, it API MT-1 4. Limit must also be met after testing in CEC L-45-A-99, Method C (20 hours).
means only that the load-carrying capacity of the lubricant 5. The precision of ASTM Method D2983 has not been established for deter- –– As a general practice, the mixing of lubricants should be
is greater than that of untreated oil, with no distinction as API MT-1 provides additional oxidation resistance and seal- avoided.
minations made at temperatures below –40 °C. This fact should be taken
to how much greater it may be. Therefore, to differentiate compatibility testing. It is intended for nonsynchronized manual into consideration in any producer-consumer relationship.
transmissions used in trucks and buses. –– Mixing gear lubricants with even small amounts of other types
among EP lubricants of various load-carrying capacities, it of lubricants can result in antagonistic reactions between the
is necessary to classify them further. additive chemicals in the mixture. Such reactions may result in
–– The Component Manufacturers and ASTM have developed Military (MIL) or Manufacturer’s Specifications a significant loss of gear protection.
tests and the American Petroleum Institute (API) has assigned –– However, the mixing of SAE J2360-approved lubricants as in a
designations to aid in determining lubricant application. MIL-L-2105
top-up situation should not impair lubricant performance.
This has been a long-standing performance level of gear oils deter-
–– SAE J2360 lubricants are required to demonstrate satisfactory
Gear Oil Requirements mined by test sequences which define MIL-L-2105 standards.
storage stability when mixed with previously qualified gear
Products meeting this specification are of the API GL-5 type.
–– Today’s high-speed, high-torque powertrains use relatively lubricants as a condition of the SAE J2360 approval process.
small gears. The result is high sliding speeds and contact loads While the specification MIL-L-2105 is now obsolete, replaced by
between mating parts. This makes lubrication more critical. the current specification MIL-PRF-2105E, it is still widely used to
indicate a performance level for some gear oils.
–– In some applications and gear designs, the gear oil must
contain special anti-wear agents. MIL-PRF-2105E
This is the current performance specification of a multi-purpose
Gear Oil Ratings gear lubricant used under more severe operation than those
covered by MIL-PRF-2105. These gear oils are under API designa-
API Gear Oil Service Classifications tion GL-5. SAE J2360 has been written to replace MIL-PRF-2105E.
The API System designates gear lubricants by the applications for
which they may be suitable. This is not a rating of performance.

46 47
 Questions and Answers Questions and Answers

This question-and-answer section is a quick training resource Q. How do on- and off-road engine oil requirements differ? Transmission Hydraulic Oil Plus-50 II
for new parts personnel or a refresher for the entire parts and A. Among the differences are:
service departments. Q. What are the properties of transmission hydraulic oil? Q. Is John Deere oil a re-brand of standard shelf oil?
–– Off-road engines may be burning higher sulfur-content fuel
A. Properties include: A. Plus-50 II is a unique engine oil, developed by John Deere
Listed below are the most frequently asked questions about oil. than on-highway engines.
–– Anti-wear extreme-pressure additives. engineers and exclusive to John Deere dealers.
–– Off-road engines operate at a higher fuel-burn rate than
Introduction –– High oxidation stability. Q. What makes Plus-50 II the best?
on-highway engines.
A. – Reduces wear.
Q. Where does oil come from? –– Off-road engines operate mostly under the high pressures –– Friction modifier.
and combustion heat of full-load operation, while on- –– Resists increases in oil viscosity.
A. Oil comes from refineries that convert the crude oil into –– Rust and corrosion inhibitors.
gasoline, diesel, kerosene, fuel oils, lubricants, and other highway engines are seldom subjected to extended full- –– Gives better oxidation control.
–– Low pour point.
by-products. load operations.
–– Fights against varnish and sludge deposits.
–– Compatible with all types of seals.
–– Higher torque loads.
Q. How is crude oil converted? –– Saves money:
–– High viscosity index.
A. – Oil refineries separate the fractions (or parts) of petroleum –– Less cooling.
– More hours between oil changes.
and convert them into oils and lubricants. –– Foam suppressors.
–– Dustier ambient conditions.
– Fewer oil-drain services.
–– The key in the refining process is distillation. –– Detergents.
–– Higher moisture ambient conditions.
– Less maintenance and labor costs.
–– This process separates the various fractions of crude oil
based on the difference in their volatilities. Engine Oil Additives Gear Oil –– Compared to other oils, it has greater thermal stability, a
lower rate of viscosity thickening, better soot control, and
–– After processing, lubricating oil base stocks are blended to Q. How are gear oils used, and what are their requirements? better wear protection.
Q. Why are additives added to oil, and what do they do?
various viscosity grades and additives are introduced. A. Gear oils are used in enclosed gearboxes to lubricate mechan-
A. They provide the extra performance required of today’s –– In summary, Plus-50 II was not developed to just meet a
ical transmissions, and differential and steering gears:
high-speed engines. An oil may contain none, some, or all minimum API performance standard. It was developed to
Storing and Handling Oils of the following: –– Today’s high-speed, high-torque powertrains use relatively provide the ultimate protection and premium performance
small gears. for John Deere engines in John Deere machines. It is a
Q. Why should you use care when handling and storing oil? –– Detergent-dispersant additive.
–– The result is high tooth loads and harder rubbing between premium, heavy-duty engine oil, not just a generic-brand
A. Handling and storing oil properly reduces the chance of dirt –– Extreme-pressure anti-wear and friction-modifier additive.
mating parts. oil that meets minimum API standards. Documented test
and moisture contaminating the oil.
–– Anti-rust additive. results from our field machines and lab engines support its
–– The gear oil must have anti-friction and anti-weld agents.
–– Oxidation inhibitor. superior-performance claims.
Requirements Q. Do gear oils have ratings?
–– Anti-corrosion additive. Q. How does Plus-50 II compare to other oils?
Q. What are the requirements of engine oil? A. Yes, SAE gear classification based on viscosity — the API
A. – Greater thermal stability, lower rate of viscosity thickening,
–– Viscosity-index improver. classification designates types of service. Example: SAE
A. Engine oil must: and less degradation than with competitive oil.
–– Foam inhibitor. 85W-140; GL-5
–– Reduce friction and wear. –– Longer oil life with sustained performance and drain
–– Seal-swell inhibitor. Q. Can gear lubricants be mixed? intervals increased 100 percent over Operator's Manual
–– Cool moving parts.
–– Pour-point depressant. A. As a general practice, the mixing of lubricants should be recommendation when used in John Deere engines with
–– Help seal the cylinders. avoided. Mixing gear lubricants with even small amounts John Deere filters and Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel.
–– Metal deactivator. of other types of lubricants can result in a reaction between
–– Keep parts clean. –– Increased engine durability, and less abrasive and corrosive
Q. Should aftermarket additives or engine treatments be mixtures. Such reactions may result in a significant loss of
wear than with competitive oils.
gear protection.
Ratings added to John Deere oil?
–– Cleaner engine and less piston deposits than with com-
A. No. Additional oil additives could create a general imbalance
Q. How are engine oils rated? Grease petitive oils.
and affect the performance of the oil.
A. – By using SAE Viscosity Grade and API Service Categories. –– High initial alkalinity and good reserve at the end of recom-
Q. Does it matter what grease I use? mended drain interval, allowing continued acid protection.
–– SAE Viscosity Grade is the measure of the fluidity of an Engine Oil Contamination A. Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for the
oil at a given temperature. Oils vary in viscosity as the –– Excellent low-temperature fluidity.
Q. What contaminates oil, and why is it important to use type and grade of grease for each application. Some grease
temperature changes.
uncontaminated oil? types are less compatible with other grease types. When Q. Do Torq-Gard and Plus-50 II have the same base oil?
–– API Service Ratings. changing from one grease type to another, it is always a good A. The same type of high-quality base oil blends are used in all
A. Contaminants include foreign particles such as dust, soot,
–– ACEA and JASO Ratings. and various wear particles; oxidation by-products; water; idea to flush or pump through as much of the old grease as John Deere lubricants.
antifreeze; and fuel. Contaminants reduce engine life more possible from the application or bearing.
–– API Service Categories define minimum oil quality. Designa- Q. Where can Plus-50 II engine oil be used?
tions starting with “S” are oils primarily for gasoline engines than any other single factor.
Hydraulic Oil A. – Primarily designed for off-highway, heavy-duty diesel
(spark ignition), while “C” identifies oils primarily for diesel engines, Plus-50 II oil also gives excellent performance in
engines (compression ignition). The second letter indicates Q. What are the requirements for hydraulic oils, and what on-highway, heavy-duty diesel applications.
updates to the rating. “SM” is more current than “SL”, and properties must they have?
“CJ-4” is more current than “CI-4.” –– All diesel engines requiring SAE 15W-40 and API CJ-4
A. Hydraulic oil must provide the following properties: viscosity, classification oil. Plus-50 II is also available in SAE 10W-30
stability, corrosion resistance, pour point, anti-foam, and seal and 0W-40.
compatibility. In some cases, friction modifiers are also needed.

48 49
 Questions and Answers Questions and Answers

Q. Are there any applications where Plus-50 II should not be should require no further attention. meets his equipment’s operating conditions. the break-in period.
used (such as irrigation engines or power units)? –– Normally no increase in consumption will be observed. Q. Can I use Plus-50 II oil as a “break-in” oil after rebuilding Q. What oil is in new John Deere engines?
A. – Some engine manufacturers have oil recommendations However, if it does occur, it may be due to one of the an engine? A. New John Deere engine-powered equipment is shipped with
that specify a unique product for an application. For following factors: A. No, it is not recommended for use as a “break-in” oil: our special-purpose Break-In Plus oil. If additional oil is needed
example, two-cycle Detroit Diesel recommends an ash
– The previously used oil product may have built up –– Due to Plus-50 II’s superior lubrication properties. during the normal break-in period, use John Deere Break-In
level below 1.0 percent and a straight SAE 40 viscosity grade.
deposits on internal components. Plus oil for top-off. Do not add oil prior to the oil level dropping
–– Some engines designed for natural-gas or liquid-propane –– A rebuilt engine must be allowed to properly wear-in the to the add mark on the dipstick.
– Introducing a premium-performance oil with different piston rings and the cylinder liner walls during the first
fuels commonly recommend that ash levels be held below
additive systems which contain additional detergents, 100 hours of operation. Q. Can I go 500 hours with Plus-50 II (CJ-4 / E9) in a Tier 3 or
0.5 percent.
dispersants, anti-wear characteristics, and antioxidants older engine?
–– Plus-50 II should not be used in initial fill in new or rebuilt that may cause different chemical reactions to occur in –– It is recommended to use John Deere Break-In Plus oil.
A. Yes, when all of the following conditions are met:
engines. John Deere Break-In oil is available for this purpose. the deposits already established. Q. How do you know the engine is broken in? –– John Deere Plus-50 II and John Deere filters are used.
–– Check the Operator's Manual for oil recommendations The time required for the engine to regain previously observed A. The break-in process is successful after the point when the
before making any changes in engine oil type. customer does not need to top off the crankcase with any –– Use of Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel with a sulfur content
oil-consumption rates with the new oil may vary from one to
additional oil. The break-in period may be as short as 100 less than 0.0015 percent (15 mg/kg) (15 ppm) is required.
Q. What is the advantage to a customer who intends to three normal drain intervals. This phenomenon is not unique
continue changing oil at 100-hour intervals? to John Deere engines and oils, but is commonly reported hours and as long as 500 hours, and some replacement oil –– The original-volume oil pan (or larger) that was delivered
for competitive engines when switching to competitive, may be necessary, which is normal. As the engine works in with the engine is still in use, and the oil level is maintained
A. Use of Plus-50 II is added insurance. With Plus-50 II, the
premium oils. these initial hours, the piston rings and liners will realize at normal volumes through the service interval.
engine will run cleaner, with less wear and more power, even
where any interference fit exists. These areas will wear into –– The engine is operating within the original factory specifi-
if used for only 100 hours. Q. What specifically shows Plus-50 II is better than other oils? a match fit, creating a good seat between the rings and the cations affecting power output, including engine control
Q. The customer states, “I’ve used co-op oil for 12 years and A. Plus-50 II is evaluated using a special high-temperature liners. This fit causes effective power and reduced oil con- units (ECUs) and fuel-delivery systems.
never had a problem. Why should I change to Plus-50 II?” engine test, JDQ 78X, which is beyond what is required for sumption. If there is a continuous need to top off the
A. This depends on the customer’s definition of a “problem”: API rating. This is a severe test of the oil’s resistance to crankcase oil, this means oil is getting by the rings because This is possible in John Deere Tier 3 emission-certified and
oxidation and thickening. It is also a severe test of the oil’s they have not seated with the liner. A second break-in process older diesel engines because the original oil-sump capacity
–– If Plus-50 II is used, the customer will have a cleaner engine, ability to keep the pistons clean. aligned with using higher sulfur level diesel fuel as written in
may be initiated using Break-In Plus oil.
more power, and less wear. the original operator manuals. We recommend changing the
Q. After I bought several pails of Plus-50 II oil, I found a few Q. What causes the engine not to break in during the first
–– It is not a matter of avoiding catastrophic failure, but rather oil and oil filter at least once every 12 months, even if the hours
gallons of Torq-Gard. Can I mix the two until I’ve used up 100 to 500 hours?
a matter of better performance and the extended life of of operation are fewer than the otherwise-recommended
the Torq-Gard? A. We recommend the operator run the engine under high-load
the engine. service interval.
A. – While the two oils are compatible and mixing of the two conditions during the break-in period and at various engine
Q. Can I put 2010 oils into 1960 machines? John Deere oil formulations is acceptable, mixing should speeds (rpm). Operating the engine under less than high-load
A. – Operator's Manuals are to be used as the guideline in all not be done on an extended basis. conditions, such as pulling a trailer, baler, or some light load,
Hy-Gard Hydraulic and Transmission Oil
cases. –– Mixing with Plus-50 II should be limited to short-term may not provide enough loaded piston action to cause ring John Deere first developed Hy-Gard oil for its own equipment
–– Realize that older manuals do not recognize any advances topping-off situations only. and liner seating. Another factor that may interrupt the in 1973, and it quickly became the industry standard. Since
of technology occurring after the product was introduced. break-in process is the introduction of a premium lubricant then, it has been tested and upgraded several times to
–– When mixing these oils, the extended-drain feature of
like Plus-50 II prior to the completion of the break-in process. improve performance.
–– John Deere-marketed lubricants take into consideration Plus-50 II would not be applicable.
older-model units and the recommendations for the use Q. Can I use Plus-50 II oil when an API classification of CF-2 Q. What makes John Deere Hy-Gard superior to competi-
Q. I changed my oil inventory from Torq-Gard Supreme SAE
of these lubricants in those units. is required? tive oils?
30 to SAE 15W-40 Plus-50 II. Now I need to top off the oil
–– Plus-50 II is recommended for use in all John Deere diesel A. CF-2 API classification is for two-cycle diesel engines. Oil used A. – It meets the exact performance specifications of the
prior to an oil change. Can I add 15W-40 Plus-50 II to the
engines and may be used in older John Deere and competitive in these types of engines normally requires a low ash content multiple functions of a machine system.
SAE 30 in my engine?
engines recommending the use of API performance grades of less than one percent and single-viscosity oils. Plus-50 II
A. Yes, a one-time mix of the two formulations and viscosities is –– Comparison tests have shown the actual performance
CD, CE, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4, CI-4 PLUS, and CJ-4. is a multi-viscosity oil, and therefore it is not recommended,
allowed; however, mixing is not recommended as an ongoing difference.
even though it does have less than one-percent ash.
–– In general, older (lower alphabetical designations) API practice or during extreme conditions such as cold weather or –– Refer to the Oil Sales Guide for test results.
performance designations can be replaced with newer continuous high loads. Q. I use Torq-Gard SAE 10W oil in the winter and Torq-Gard
SAE 30 in the summer. Can I use 15W-40 Plus-50 II oil –– Using oils that do not meet performance needs can cause
(higher alphabetical designations) API performance levels Q. Can I change from SAE 30 to 15W-40 oil in my John Deere year-round instead of changing oil grades seasonally? premature wear and/or system failure.
without affecting engine performance. engine?
A. Yes. Plus-50 II SAE 15W-40 can be used year-round. That Q. Can Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard be mixed with hydrostatic fluid?
–– Performance and longevity are usually improved by this A. Yes: would eliminate the possibility of having the wrong viscosity A. Yes, Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard can be added to systems with
switchover.
–– In older equipment Operator's Manuals, SAE 30 is oil in the crankcase if an unseasonal hot or cold spell should hydrostatic fluid.
Q. Will changing brands of oil cause my engine to use oil? recommended. occur. For the ultimate in cold-temperature stability, cold-
A. When upgrading to Plus-50 II oils following the use of other flow ability, and quick lubrication, consider using Plus-50 II Q. What is the viscosity grade of Hy-Gard and Low-Viscosity
–– Due to the improved additives in multi-grade oil, we now
oils, little differences in oil-consumption rate should be SAE 0W-40 full synthetic formula. (Check your Operator's Hy-Gard?
prefer customers use 15W-40 oil.
expected. A small percentage of engines may experience Manual for the proper low-temperature range.) A. – Hy-Gard and Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard are multi-viscosity
–– The customer now has the option to select the oil that best oils. The viscosity of Hy-Gard is 59 cSt at 40 degrees C (104
a noticeable change in oil-consumption rates. Q. Should I use Plus-50 II in a new tractor? degrees F). Compared to engine oil-viscosity grades, it is
–– Those engines experiencing decreased oil consumption A. Yes, it is the recommended oil for John Deere engines after similar to SAE 10W-30.

50 51
 Questions and Answers Questions and Answers

–– Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard is 33 cSt at 40 degrees C (104 degrees F). in machines calling for Cat TO-4 fluids. Oil Analysis Preventive Maintenance
Compared to engine oil, it is similar to SAE 5W-20.
Q. Is there any way used oil can be analyzed? What are the
Q. Is a JDM J20 oil the same as Hy-Gard? Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) benefits for dealers and customers?
A. No, JDM J20 is the minimum performance standard for Q. What are J20C and J20D? A. John Deere oil-analysis programs provide analysis of used oil.
lubricants used in John Deere units. Hy-Gard exceeds this An independent laboratory performs the testing. The lab test
A. J20C and J20D are standard requirements for minimum-
performance requirement. results (spectrochemical to determine wear, and physical
performance fluids that can be substituted for Hy-Gard and
Q. Can Hy-Gard and Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard be mixed with Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard. J20C and J20D requirements are properties to determine oil condition) are provided for the
each other? defined in our standard JDM J20. The viscosity of J20C fluids dealer and the customer if known.
A. – Yes, the mixing of these fluids will affect only the viscosity. is designed to be similar to Hy-Gard, while the viscosity of Benefits to dealer:
J20D is designed to be similar to Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard.
–– The resulting viscosity will be somewhere between the two J20C and J20D minimum-performance requirements are –– Increases customer contact.
new fluid viscosities in proportion to the amount of mixing. established for other people to market their products. –– Builds customer confidence.
Q. Can Hy-Gard or Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard be mixed with Q. What does it mean when someone’s oil container says –– Provides more knowledge of equipment condition.
hydrostatic fluid and other hydraulic fluid? “recommended where J20C is specified”?
A. Yes. Mixing of our oils with other fluids is not recommended. –– Increases sales opportunities.
A. This may simply mean the marketer of the product recommends
Mixing Hy-Gard and Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard may occur. This it. It does not state that it actually meets any requirements –– Provides “lead-in” for salesman to call on customer.
does not dictate that the machine must be taken out of and, most likely, it is worded this way for a reason. We have Benefits to customer:
service for a complete flush and refill. The less mixing that seen products that are not even close to passing the minimum
occurs, the better; however, John Deere Hy-Gard and Low- –– Early problem detection leads to minor repairs versus
requirements in JDM J20C, but the package says “recommended
Viscosity Hy-Gard are generally compatible with most fluids major overhaul.
where J20C is specified.” Hy-Gard exceeds the minimum
and can be mixed in any proportion. Mixing of specific fluids requirements defined in JDM J20C. Customers can be tricked –– Provides additional incentive to perform maintenance.
can be reviewed upon request. into thinking they are buying a good product when it is actually –– Lets customer know how well his machine is being main-
Q. Can Hy-Gard be used in non-John Deere applications and substandard. If you stay with Hy-Gard and Low-Viscosity tained and its appetite.
to top off machines using non-John Deere oils? Hy-Gard, you are using top-quality products.
–– Invites professional advice when problems are encountered.
A. – Yes, Hy-Gard can be used in all transmissions and/or hydraulic Q. What do we recommend in a tractor hydraulic fluid
applications requiring tractor/hydraulic fluid and applications –– Increases confidence in machine and dealer.
application and why?
requiring anti-wear hydraulic oil, but not in engines. A. Check your Operator's Manual to see what is specified for –– Increases contact with dealer.
–– Hy-Gard is not designed for engines. your machine and the appropriate operating temperature Coolant and diesel fuel testing are also available.
–– The viscosity grade should be matched to the application. range for the fluid. We typically recommend Hy-Gard and
Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard for our equipment. We know these
–– Hy-Gard can be used to top off machines that contain other are top-quality fluids that provide unsurpassed performance
Conclusion
transmission/hydraulic oils. It is compatible with most in our equipment. Our machines are tested with and qualified Q. Why sell John Deere premium maintenance fluids such as
transmission/hydraulic oils. using these fluids. By comparison, J20C and J20D fluids Plus-50 II and Hy-Gard instead of competitive brands?
Q. What industry or military standard defines Hy-Gard fluids? produced by others are meeting minimum-performance A. – Peace of mind. When you sell a John Deere oil or lubricant,
A. There are no industry classifications for hydraulic/transmission requirements. Hy-Gard and Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard must meet you sell security and confidence that your customers are
oil because the needs are defined and met by the manufacturer. the more rigorous requirements of our internal standard RES getting the best product they can use in their John Deere
John Deere has defined a minimum service specification 10060. We recommend our top-quality products because we machines.
requirement for fluids used in John Deere equipment. The want top performance from our equipment. If Hy-Gard and
Low-Viscosity Hy-Gard are not available, a fluid meeting J20C –– Competitive products may not meet the performance stan-
minimum performance specification JDM J20 was necessary dards established by John Deere, which are required to
or J20D will provide the minimum performance required.
to make sure that if a will-fit oil was used, at least minimum properly protect the engine, transmission, or hydraulic system.
protection could be obtained. The JDM J20 standard defines Q. Can a customer use Cat TO-4 oil in John Deere equipment?
two viscosity grades using designations J20C and J20D. In all Remember, we have a vested interest to protect the reputation
A. The use of Cat TO-4 oils in John Deere equipment is not
cases, John Deere Hy-Gard outperforms the so-called will-fit of our brand by the performance of every piece of John Deere
recommended. Cat TO-4 oils have different frictional
oils on the market. John Deere does not monitor these oils; equipment.
properties than Hy-Gard and are not multi-viscosity fluids.
therefore, it is possible they do not meet even minimum This means the shifting characteristics may be extremely Q. Where should you sell oil?
performance needs, and some failures could result. severe and cause mechanical failures. Brake noise (chatter) A. – In the field.
Q. Can I recommend Hy-Gard for use in Cat machines? will be unacceptable, and applications may be very aggressive.
–– At the parts counter.
A.Hy-Gard can be used in Cat machines which recommend fluids The TO-4 oil operating temperature range is also restricted,
and the oils must be changed upon seasonal temperature –– Over the telephone.
meeting the TO-2 specification. Hy-Gard should not be used This publication is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express
shifts to maintain acceptable performance. Consider every contact a potential oil customer. or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability,
fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. This publication could
include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically
added to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new
editions of the publication. John Deere merchandise may make improvements
and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this
publication at any time.

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