Jump Math Book 7 Part

1 of 2ok 7 Part 1 of 2 7.1

Contents
Unit 1: Number Sense 1

Unit 2: Patterns and Algebra 22

Unit 3: Number Sense 51

Unit 4: Geometry 97

Unit 5: Number Sense 127

Unit 6: Measurement 166

Unit 7: Probability and Data Management 205

Copyright © 2009 JUMP Math

Excerpts from this publication may be reproduced under licence from Access Copyright,
or with the express written permission of JUMP Math, or as permitted by law.

All rights are otherwise reserved, and no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, scanning, recording or otherwise, except as specifically authorized.

JUMP Math
Toronto, Canada
www.jumpmath.org

Writers: Dr. John Mighton, Dr. Sindi Sabourin, Dr. Anna Klebanov
Contributing Writer: Margaret McClintock
Cover Design: Blakeley Words+ Pictures
Text Design: Pam Lostracco
Layout: Lyubava Fartushenko, Pam Lostracco, Rita Camacho
Cover Photograph: © Gary Blakeley, Blakeley Words+Pictures

ISBN: 978-1-897120-57-6

Third printing February 2011

 Place Value

The place values in 309,437,261 are:

1. Write the next three place values greater than hundred millions, from largest to smallest.
billions

2. Underline the digit with the given place values.

a) 250 329120 ten millions b) 791 250 329 120 ten billions
c) 791 250 329 120 hundred millions d) 791 250 329 120 thousands
e) 791 250 329 120 billions f) 791 250 329 120 hundred thousands

3. Write the place value ofthe bold digit.

a) 861 359 746 323 ten billions b) 861 359 746 323 millions

c) 861 359 746 323 d) 861 359746 323

e) 861 359 746 323 f) 861 359 746 323

4. Write the number with the correct spacing, then write the place value of the digit 5.
a) 1405897660213 = 1 405 897 660 213 place value: billions

b) 76312098532 = place value:

c) 995132498763 = place value:

d) 3542706 = place value:

e) 5410328 = place value:
f) 841073521960347 = place value:

5. Write each number in expanded form. Example: 74,512 = 70,000 plus 4,000 plus 500 plus 10 plus 2
a) 378,403

b) 16,025
c) 721,803

6.Write the number for each expanded form. Example: 50,000 plus 600 plus 40 = 50,640
a) 30,000 plus 4,000 plus 50 plus 3 b) 600,000 plus 30 c) 40,000 plus 200 plus 5
7. Find the missing number.
a) 4,000 plus 300 plus blank plus 7 = 4,377 b ) 2,000,000 plus 30,000 plus blank plus 2 = 2,035,002

8. In Japan, numbers are grouped by 4s, starting from the right.

Example: 52341 is written 5 2341 (not 5234 1)

a) Rewrite each number using Japanese spacing and then count the digits.
89034582367121 = digits
8904358239121 = digits

b) Does Japanese spacing make it easier to count the digits?

c) Circle the number from part a) that is larger. How do you know?

When two numbers have the same number of digits, we can compare the numbers by looking at the first
digit that is different, starting from the left. Example: 764,322 769,303

this number is larger

9. Underline the left-most digits that are 10. Circle the larger number in each pair. First count
different and then circle the larger number the digits. Then, if necessary, look for the left
in each pair. most digit that is different.

a) 84,312 84,065 a) 543,806 5,412,679

b) 74,312,908 74,314,873 b) 983,152,801 984,125,108

c) 7,860,432 5,860,322 c) 654,009,280 654,092,800

d) 531,658 662 d) 45,678,098,531 45,679,908

11. In the number 36, the 3 is worth 30 and the 6 isworth 6, so the 3 isworth 5 times as much as the 6.
How many times more is the first bold digit worth than the second?

a) 84 b) 840 c) 8,423 d) 84,502 e) 847,631 f) 8,430,601

g) 804 h) 8,324 i) 83,204 j) 983,204 k) 283,651,409 l) 587,034

BONUS 37,215,486

12. Write each number in words.

Example: 41,832,107 forty-one million eight hundred thirty-two thousand one hundred seven

a) 5,210,354 b) 573,312,400 c) 576,401,311,212 d) 31,485,620,417

 Order of Operations

We add and subtract the way we read: from left to right.

1. Add or subtract from left to right.

a) 7 plus 32 b) 7 minus 3 plus 2 c) 8 plus 4 plus 2 d)6 plus 4 minus
5

= 10 minus 2
=8

2. a) Do the addition in brackets first. b) Does the answer change depending on

which addition you did first?
i) (4 plus 6) plus 5 ii) 4 pus (6 plus 5)

=blank plus 5 = 4 plus blank

3. a) Do the subtraction in brackets first. b) Does the answer change depending on

which subtraction you did first?
i) (7 minus 4) minus 2 ii) 7 minus (4 minus 2)

If there are brackets in an equation, do the operations in brackets first .

Example: 7 minus 3 plus 2 = 4 plus 2 = 6 but 7 minus (3 minus 2) =7 minus 5 = 2

4. a) Calculate each expression using the correct order of operations.

i) (15 plus 7) minus 3 minus 1 ii) 15 plus (7 minus 3) minus 1 iii) 15 plus 7 minus (3 minus 1)

iv) (15 plus 7 minus 3) minus 1) v) 15 plus (7 minus 3 minus 1) vi) (15 plus 7) minus (3 minus 1)

b) How many different answers did you get in part a)?_______________

5. a) Add brackets in different ways to get as many different answers as you can.
i) 15 plus 7 plus 3 plus 1 ii) 15 7 plus 3
minus )15 plus 7 minus 3 plus 1
minus
iii iv) 15 1
minus 7 minus 3 minus 1

b) How -any different answers did you get in part a)? i) ii) iii) iv)

c) Check all that apply. The order of operations affects the answer when the expression consists of...
addition only; subtraction only; addition and subtraction
 Multiplication and division are also done from left to right. If there are brackets, do the operations in
brackets first Example: 15 divided by 5 miltiplied by 3 = 3 multiplied by 3 = 9 but 15 divided by (5 multiplied by 3) = 15 divided by 15 = 1

6. Evaluate each expression.

a) 4 multipledby 3 divde by 6 multipledby 7 b) 6 multipledby 4 divided by 2 divided by 3 c) 30 divided by 5 divided by (2 multipliedby 3) d) 16 multiplied by 2 divided by (4 multipledby 2)

7. a) Add brackets in different ways to get as many different answers as you can.
i) 2 multipledby 3 multiplied by 2 multiplied by 5 ii) 64 divided by 8 divided by 4 divided by 2 iii) 90 divided by 5 multipledby 6 divided by 3

b) Which expression in part a) gives the same answer, no matter where you place the brackets?

8. Do the operation in brackets first.

a) 10 plus (4 multipledby 2) b) (10 4) mulpltiupliesd by 24) multiplied by 2

c)plus(10 d) 10 okys (4 divided by 2)
= 10 plus 8

= 18
f) (10 minus
e) 10 4)multipliemuld btyipl2)
minus (4 ied by 2 g) (10 minus 4) divided by 2 h)10 minus (4 divided by 2)

9. Check all that apply. The order of operations affects the answer when the expression combines...

addition and multiplication addition and division

subtraction and multiplication subtraction and division
addition and subtraction multiplication and division

Mathematicians have ordered the operations to avoid writing brackets all the time. The order is:
1. Operations in brackets.
2. Multiplication and division, from left to right.
3. Addition and subtraction, from left to right.

3Example:
multipied by5 plus 3 multiplied by 6 = (3 multiplied by 5) plus (3 multiplied by 6) but 3 multiplied by (5 plus 3) multipledby 6

= 15 plus 18 = 3 multiplied by 8 multiplied by 6

= 33 = 24 multiplied by 6
= 144

10. Evaluate each expression. Use the correct order of operations.

a) 4 multipliedby 2 minus 7 b) 2 plus 4 divided by 2 c) 6 2 multipledby 3

minus d)20 divided by 2 plus 8
e) 4 plus 3 multipledby 6 minus 5 f)6 plus 6 divided by 3 minus 7 g) 4 multiplied by 3 divided by 6 plus 5 h) 3 multipledby 7 minus 6 divided by 2

i)4 divided by (2 minus 1) j) (5 minus 1) multiplied by 3 k) 20 minus (14 minus 7) I) (12 minus 4) divided by 4
11. Turn the written instructions into mathematical expressions.

a) Add 8 and 3. b) Subtract 6 from 9. c) Multiply 6 and 5.

Then subtract 4. Then multiply by 2. Then subtract from 40.
Then multiply by 3. Then add 4. Then add 5.
(8 plus 3 minus 4) multiplied by 3

bonus:

d)Divide 4 by 2. e) Divide 6 by 3. Divide 8 by 4 and then add 2.

Then add 10. Then add 5. Add 5 and 3 together.
Then subtract 4. Then subtract 3. Multiply the two results.

12. Write the mathematical expressions in words.

a) (6 plus 2) multipledby 3. Add 6 and 2. Then multiply by 3.

b) (6 plus 1) multiplied by 2

c) 4 multipledby (3 minus 1 plus 5)

d) (5 2) multiplied by (4 plus 17)

minus e)(24 2 multiplied by 6) divided by 4
minus f) 24 minus 2 multiplied by 6 divided by 4

1 3. a) Add brackets in different ways to get as many different answers as you can.

i) 3 plus 1 multipied by 7 minus

2 ii)16 minus 4 multiplied by 2 plus 8 iii)16 divided by 4 multiplied by 2 plus 8

b) How many different answers did you get in part a)? i) ii) iii)

14. a) Calculate the expressionin the box. Which expression without brackets gives the same answer?

i) 8 minus 5 plus 2 = 8 minus 5 minus 2 or 8 minus 5 plus 2 ii) 7 minus 3 minus 2 = 7 minus 3 minus 2 or 7 minus

3 plus 2 iii) 7 plus 5 minus 2 = 7 plus 5 minus 2 or 7 plus 5 plus 2 iv) 6 plus 2 plus 4 = 6 plus 2 plus 4 or 6 plus 2 minus 4

15. Rewrite each expression without brackets by changing only operations symbols.
Keep the answer the same.
a) 24 divided by (6 multipledby 2) b) 5 multipledby 8 divided by (4 divided by 2) c) 5 multiped by 8 divided by (4 multiplied by 2)

1 6. a) The expressions on the left have brackets and the expressions on the right do not.
Calculate the expressions, then match by the same answer.
4 multiplied by 6 divided by (3 multiplied by 2) 4 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 2 plus 4 multiplied by 3 multiplied by 2

4 multiplied by (6 plus 3) multipledby 2 4 multipledby 3 plus 4 multipledby 2 plus6multipedby3plus6multipedby2

(4 plus 6) multipledby (3 plus 2) 4 multiplied by 6 divided by 3 divided by 2

b) Which expression with brackets from part a) needs the most writing to write without brackets
and still get the same answer?
 Equations

A numeric expression is a combination of numbers, operation' signs, and sometimes brackets,

that represents a quantity. Example: These expressions all represent 10:

7 plus 312
; minus 2; 100 divided by 10 (4 plus 1) multipledby 2

1. Calculate each expression.

a) 1 plus 3 plus 4 b) 3 multipledby 4 c) 2 multipledby 2 multipledby 2 d) 5 plus 2

An equation is a mathematical statement that has two expressions representing the same quantity
separated by an equal sign. Example: 12 minus 2 = 100 divided by10

2. a) Circle two expressions in Question 1 that represent the same quantity.

b) Write an equation using those two expressions.

3. Verify that each equation is true.

a) (4 plus 3) multipledby 2 = 5 multipledby 3 minus 1 b) 3 multiplied by 4 multiplied by 5 = 6 multiplied by 10 c) 1 plus 2 plus 3 plus 4 plus 5 plus 6 = 7 multipledby 3
(4 plus 3) multiplied by 2 and 5 multiplied by 3 minus1

= 7 multiplied by 2 and = 15 minus 1

= 14 = 14

4. Verify that each equation is true.

a) 5 plus 12 = (5 plus 1) plus (12 minus 1) b) 5 plus 12 = (5 plus 2) plus (12 minus 2) c) 5 plus 12 = (5 plus 3) plus (12 minus 3)

5. Rewrite each pair of equations as a single equation by leaving out the number on the right.
a) (5 plus 4) plus (6 minus 4) = 11 5 plus 6 = 11 b) (7 minus 2) plus (4 plus 2) = 11 7 plus 4 = 11

(5 plus 4) plus (6 minus 4) = 5 plus 6

c) (8 plus 2) plus (7 minus 2) = 15 8 plus 7 = 15 d) (8 minus 5) plus (9 plus 5) = 17 8 plus 9 = 17

6. Write the correct number to make the equation true. Verify your answer by calculating both sides.
a) (12 minus 3) plus (8 plus 3 ) = 12 plus 8 b) (11 plus 7) plus (9 minus blank) = 11 plus 9 c)(8 minus 2) plus (5 plus blank) = 8 plus 5
= 9 plus 11 = 20
= 20 equal
7. Verify that each equation is true.

a) (9 plus 2) minus (4 plus 2) = 9 minus

4 b) (10 minus 3) minus (7minus 3) = 10 minus 7 c) (8 minus 3) minus (6 minus 3) = 8 minus 6

8. Write the correct number to make the equation true. Verify your answers.
a) (12 minus 3) plus (8 plus blank)= 12 plus 8 b) (12 minus 5) minus (8 minus blank) = 12 minus 8

c) (15 plus 2) minus (8 plus blank) = 15 minus 8 d) (11 plus 7) plus (9 minus blank) = 11 plus 9

9. Writethe correct operation to make the equation true. Verify your answers.
a) (13minus 3) plus (7 blank 3) = 13 plus 7 b) (8 plus 2) plus (7 blank 2) = 8 plus 7

c) (6 plus 5) minus (4 blank 5) = 6 minus 4 d) (9 minus (5 blank 3) = 9 minus 5

3) minus

10. a) Write the correct operation and number to make the statement true.
i) (26 plus 3) plus (35 minus 3) = 26 plus 35ii) (18 plus 4) minus (7 blank)=18 minus 7

iii) (17 minus 4) plus (26 blank) = 17 plus 26 iv) (24 minus 3) minus (9 blank) = 24 minus 9

v) (134 blank) minus 38 plus 7 = 134 minus 38 vi) (287 blank) plus (41 plus 6) = 287 plus 41

b) Choose one of the equations you made and verify that it is true by calculating both sides.

BONUS Add brackets where necessary to the following equations to -ake the- true.
a) 3 plus 1 multiplied by 7 minus 2 = 20 b) 3 plus 1 multiplied by 7 minuse 2 = 26 c) 3 plus 1 multiplied by 7
minus 2 = 8 d) 6 minus 3 multiplied by 2 = 6 e) 16 divided by 2 multiplied by 2 = 4 f) 4 plus 8 divided by 2 = 6 g)
8 minus 4 multiplied by 2 plus 5 = 28 h) 8 minus 4 multiplied by 2 plus 5 = 13 i) 5 multiplied by 4 minus 3 plus 2 = 7
 Properties of Operations

The area of a rectangle is the number ofsquare units that cover it.

1. Find the area of each rectangle.

a)

2 multiplied by 3 = 6

2. A rectangle is cut in half in two different ways. How long are the resulting sides?

3. A rectangle is cut in half and rearranged. How long are the resulting sides?
4. A rectangle is cut in half and rearranged. Make another product with the same
answer to complete the equation.

a) b)

4 multipliedby 10 = 4 multipliedby 10 =

5. Imagine cutting the rectangle in half and rearranging. Make two more products with
the same answer.

a) b) c)

20 multipliedby 14 = 8 multipliedby 12 = 124 multipliedby 42 =

6. Cut the rectangle in thirds and rearrange. Make two more products with the
same answer.

a) b)

12 multipliedby 15 =

c)

15 multipliedby 21 = 24 multipliedby 27 =

7. Draw rectangles to show why:

a) 5 multiplied by 6 = 10 multiplied by 3 b) 5 multiplied by 9=15 multiplied by 3 c) 5 multiplied by 12 = 20 multiplied by 3

 8. Write the correct number to make the equation true.
a) 5 multiplied by 6 = (5 multiplied by 2) multiplied by (6 divided by blank) b) 5 multiplied by 9 = (5 multiplied by 3) multiplied by (9 divided
by blank) c) 5 multiplied by 12 = (5 multiplied by 4) multiplied by (12 divided by blank) d) 4 multiplied by 6 = (4 multiplied by 3) multiplied

by (6 divided by blank) e) 15 multiplied by 16 = (15 multiplied by 4) multiplied by (16 divided by blank) f) 8 multiplied by 8 = (8 multiplied by

2) multiplied by (8 divided by blank) 9. Write the correct operation. Then verify your answers in your notebook, by calculating
both sides. a) 3 multiplied by 4 =
(3 multiplied by 2) multiplied by (4 blank 2) b) 4 multiplied by 15 = (4 multiplied by 3) multiplied by (15 blank 3) b) 9 multiplied by 21 = (9 multiplied by 7) multiplied by (21 blank 7)

Start with any multiplication statement.. To find another multiplication statement with the same answer
multiply one factor and divide the other by the same number.

10. Write the correct operation and number. Then verify your answers in your notebook. a) 5 multiplied
by 18 = (5 multiplied by 2) multiplied by (18 divided by 2) b) 7 multiplied by 60 = (7 multiplied by 10) multiplied by (60 blank) c)

8 multiplied by 25 = (8 multiplied by 5) multiplied by (25 blank) 11. Explain why these problems have the same answer.

Then choose the easiest one and solve it. 25 multiplied by 16 50 multiplied by 8 100 multiplied by 4

12. Multiply.
a) Since 3 multiplied by 5 = 15, then 6 multiplied by 5 = b) Since 4 multipledby 3 = 12, then 8 multiplied by 3 =
c) Since 9 multiplied by 8 = 22, then 9 multiplied by 16 = d) Since 2 multipledby 9 = 63, then 14 multipledby 9 =

13. Multiply one factor by 5 and find the products.

a) 2 multiplied by 3 = 6 so blank multiplied by 3 = b) 3 multiplied by 5

= 15 so blank multiplied 5 = c) 4 multiplied by 5 = 20 so 4 multiplied by blank =

When you multiply one factor by 5, what happens to the product?

14. Fill in the blanks with the correct operation and number.
a) 5 multiplied by 8 = 40 so 15 multiplied by 8 = 40 multiplied by 3 b) 5 multiplied by 9 =
45 so 5 multiplied by 18 =45 blank c) 3 multiplied by 6 =18 so 21 multiplied by 6 = 18 blank

15. Write the equivalent division statement for each multiplication statement.
6 multiplied by 5 = 30 so 30 divided by 6 =5 6 multiplied by 2

multiplied by 5 = 30 multiplied by 2 so 30 multiplied by 2 divided by

6 multiplied by 2 = 5 6 multiplied by 3 multiplied by 5 = 30 multiplied

by 3 so; 6 multiplied by 3 multiplied by 5 = 30 multiplied by 4 so;

16. Write the correct operation and number.30 divided by 6 = (30 multiplied by 2) divided

by (6 blank) = (30 multiplied

by 3) divided by (6 blank) = (30 multiplied by 4) divided by (6 blank)

17. Fill in the blanks with the correct operation and number. Verify your answers in your notebook.

a) 12 divided by 3 = (12 multiplied by 2) divided by (3 blank) b) 20 divided by 5 = (20 multiplied by 2) divided by (5 blank) c) 90 divided by 6 -= (90 multiplied by 5) divided by (6 blank)

18. Explain why these problems have the same answer. Then choose the easiest one
and solve it.

35 divided by 5 70 divided by 10 105 divided by 15

19. Fill in the blankto solve the problems.

a) 135 divided b)
by 120 divided
5 by=5 = blank
270 divided by 10 c) 65 divided by 5by
divided = blank divided
10by 10

Start with any division statement. To find another division statement with the same answer,
multiply both terms (the dividend and the divisor) by the same number.

20. Write the equivalent division statement for each multiplication statement. 12 multiplied by 5 =
60 so 60 divided by 12 = 5 (12 divided by 2) multiplied by 5 = 60 divided by 2 so (60

divided by 2) divided by (12 divided by 2) = 5 (12 divided by 3) multiplied by 5 = 60 divided

by 3 (12 divided by 4) multiplied by 5 = 60 divided by 4 21. Write the corrext opperation

and number 60 divided by 12= (60 divided by 2) divided by (12 blank) (60 divided by 3)

divided by (12 blank) (60 divided by 4) divided by (12 blank) 22. Write the corrext operation and number. Verify your

answers in your notebook. a)

20 divided by 4 = (20 divided

by 2) divided by (4 blank) b) 24 divided by 6 = (24 divided by 3) divided by (6 blank) 23. Write an

operation and a number to make the equation true. a) 9 minus 5 = (9 plus 2) minus (5 blank) b) 9 plus 5 = (9 plus 2)

plus (5 blank) c) 18 multiplied by 6 = (18 multiplied by 3) multiplied by (6 blank)

d) 18 divided by 6 = (18 multiplied by 3) dividided by (6 blank) e) 5 multiplied by 12 = (5 multiplied by 3) multiplied by (12 blank) f)
7 multiplied by 9 = (blank 3) multiplied by (9 divided by 3) g) 8 plus 7 = (8 minus 4) plus (7 blank) h) 30 divided
by 6 = (30 divided by 2) divided by (6 blank) i) 12 multiplied by 10 = (12 divided by 2) multiplied by (10 blank) BONUS: j) m divided
by n = (m
multiplied by p) divided by (n blank) k) a multiplied by d = (a divided by m) multiplied by (d blank) l) r plus s = (r minus t) plus (s blank)
 Multiplication and Division with 0 and 1

1. Draw arrays to show the products and multiply.

a) 1 multiplied by 3 = b) 1 multiplied by 7 =

c) 2 multipledby 1 = d) 5 multipledby 1 =

2. What is 1 multipledby 34,716? What is 34,716 multipledby 1?

How do you know?

3. Divide.
a) 4 divided by 4= b) 7 divided by 7= c) 6 divided by 1= d) 12 divided by 1=

4. a) 854,302 divided by 854,302 = b) 854,302 divided by 1 =

5. a) 7 multiplied by 0 = 0 plus 0 plus 0 plus 0 plus 0 plus 0 plus 0 =

b) 5 multiplied by 0 = 0 plus 0 plus 0 plus 0 plus 0 =

c) 974 multipledby 0 =

6. Extend the pattern in the factors and the products to find 0 multiplied by 5.

5 multiplied 4 multiplied 3 multiplied

by 5 = 25 minus by 5 = by 5 =

5 20 minus 5 15

7. Extend the pattern in the factors and the products to find 0 x 3.

5 multiplied 4 multiplied 3 multiplied

by 3 = by 3 = by 3 =
15 minus 3 12 minus 3 9

8. Multiply.
a) 0 multiplied by 7 = b) 0 multiplied by 2 = c) 0 multiplied by 0 = d) 0 multiplied by 1 =

9. What is 0 multipledby 34,716?

How do you know?
 The multiplication statement 2 multiplied by 4 = 8 can be written in terms of division: 8 divided by 4 = 2.

If you start with 2 and multiply by 4, then to get back to where you started, you divide by 4.

10. Write each multiplication in terms of division.

a) Since 1 multiplied by 0 = 0, then 0 divided by 0 =_______ .

b) Since 2multiplied by 0 = 0, then0 divided by 0=.

c) Since 3 multiplied by 0 = 0, then0 divided by 0 =.

d) Since 4 muliplied by 0 = 0, then0 divided by 0 =.

The result of an operation needs to have exactly one answer. Example: 15 divided by 3 = 5

Since 0 divided by 0 can have many answers, mathematicians have decided not to define it at all!

11. a) What answer will blank multiplied by 0 always have?

b) Can you find a number | [ that makes blank multiplied by 0 = 7?

c) Does 7 divided by 0 have an answer? Explain.

12. Write "no answer” or “too many answers.”

a) 0 divided by 0 does not make sense because it has

b) 9 divided by 0 does not make sense because it has

13. Either write the unique answer or explain why you cannot.

a) 5 multiplied by 0 =0 b) 0 multiplied by blank = 5 c) 0 multiplied by blank = 0

no answer too many answers

d) 0 multiplied by 5 = e) 5 multiplied by blank = 5 f) 3 divided by 0 = g)

0 divided by 3 = h) 0 divided by 0 = i) 3 divided by 3 = j) 3 divided

by 0 = k) blank multiplied by 0 = 10 l) blank multiplied by 0 = 0

 The Area Model for Multiplication

1. a) Write 7 as a sum of two smaller numbers in different ways.

7 = 1 plus 6 7= 4 plus blank

7 = 2 plus blank 7 = blank plus blank

7 = 3 plus blank 7 = blank plus blank

b) How are the sums on the left the same as the sums on the right?

2. a) Write 3 multiplied by 7 as a sum of two smaller multiples of 3 in different ways.

3 multiplied by 7 = 3 multiplied by 1 plus 3 multiplied by 6

b) How are the sums in the first row the same as the sums in the second row?

3. a) Write 4 multipliedby 13 as a sum of two smaller multiples of 4 in all the ways possible.
4 multiplied by 1 plus 4 multiplied by 12 plus blank

4 multiplied by 2 plus 4 multiplied by 11 = 8 plus blank

4 multiplied by 3 plus 4 multiplied by blank = blank plus blank

4 multiplied by 4 plus 4 multiplied by blank = blank plus blank

4 multiplied by 5 plus 4 multiplied by blank = blank plus blank

4 multiplied by 6 plus 4 multiplied by blank = blank plus blank

We can stop at4 multiplied by 6 plus 4 multiplied by 7 because

b) What is 4 multipledby 13?

Which of the sums did you use to find it? Why?

c) Write 4 multiplied by 13 as a sum of three smaller products.
4 multiplied by 13 = 4 multiplied by blank plus 4 multiplied by blank plus 4 multiplied by blank
4. Are the two expressions equal or not equal? Show your work.

a) 4 multiplied by (8 plus 2) blank (4 multiplied by 8) plus (4 multiplied by 2) b) 4 multiplied by (8 minus 2) blank (4 multiplied by 8) minus (4

multiplied by 2) c) 4 plus (8 multiplied by 2) blank (4 plus 8) multiplied by (4 plus 2) d) 4 plus (8 divided by 2) blank (2 plus 8) divided by (4 plus 2)

5. Write the dimensions of the two smaller rectangles.

Now find the area of the large rectangle in two ways. Then write an equation.

6. Find the dimensions ofthe shaded part in two ways. Then write an equation.

7. Draw an area model to show that 7 multipledby 12 = 7 multipledby 10 plus 7 multiplied by 2.

8. Write the dimensions of the four smaller rectangles.
Then find the area of the large rectangle in two ways.
Then write an equation.

9. Use these pictures to write 12 x 13 as a sum of four smaller products.

12 multiplied by 13 = (10 plus 2) multiplied by (10 plus 3)

b)
12 multiplied by 13 = (4 plus 8) multiplied by (7 plus 6)

c) Did you get the same answer both ways?

d) Which way made it easier to find 12 multipledby 13? Explain.
 Breaking Multiplication into Simpler Problems

Mathematicians often break problems into simpler problems.

In multiplication, this often means using multiplication by 10, 100, or 1 000.

1. Find each product.

a) 3 multiplied by 20 = 3 multiplied by blank tens b) 3 multipledby 200 = 3 multiplied by blank hundreds

c) 3 multiplied by 2000 = d) 3 multiplied by 20000 = e) 3 multiplied by 200000

= f) 3 multiplied by 700 = g) 5 multiplied by 4000 = h) 15 multiplied by 40000 =

2. Use multiples of 10 or 100 to break each problem into simpler problems.

a) 5 multiplied by 23 = 5 multiplied
b) 2 multiplied by
by 432 =20
2 multiplied
plus by blank
5 plus 2 multiplied by blank by
multiplied plus 2 multiplied
blank by blank

c) 3 multipledby 312 =

3. Multiply in your head.

a) 3 multiplied by 12 = b) 3 multiplied by 52 = c) 6 multiplied by 31 = d) 7 multiplied by 21 = e)

5 multiplied by 31 = f) 3 multiplied by 621 = g) 5 multiplied by 411 = h) 3 multiplied by 632 =

4. Use the 2 times table and the 10 times table to write the 12 times table.

5. Use the 3 times table and the 20 times table to write the 23 times table.
 Long Multiplication

How to solve 3 multipledby 42 = 3 multiplied by 40 plus 3 multiplied by 2

= 3 multiplied by 4 tens plus 3 multiplied by 2ones

Step 1: Step 2:
Multiply the ones digit by 3 Multiply the tens digit by 3
(3 multiplied 2 ones = 6 ones). (3 multiplied by 4 tens = 12 tens).

Regroup 10 tens as 1 hundred.

1. Use Steps 1 and 2 to find the products.

a) 94 multiplied by 2 = b) 83 multiplied
by 3 = c) 74 multiplied by 2 = d) 94

multiplied by 2 = e) 92 multiplied by 3 =

How to solve 7 multipliedby 43 = 7 multipledby 40 plus 7 multiplied by 3

=7 multiplied by 4 tens plus 7 multiplied by 3 ones

Step 1: Step . 2:
Multiply 3 ones by 7 Regroup 20 ones as 2 tens.
(7 multiplied by 3 = 21).

2. Complete Steps 1 and 2 of the multiplication.

a) 27 multiplied by 5

= 5b) 15 multiplied by

6 = c) 25 multiplied by 3 =

d) 16 multiplied by 3
=e) 49 multiplied by 9 =
 Step 3: Step 4:
Multiply 4 tens by 7 Add 2 tens to the result
(7 multiplied by 4 tens = 28 tens). (28 plus 2 = 30 tens).

3. Complete Steps 3 and 4 of the multiplication.

4. Complete all steps of the multiplication.

a) 35

multiplied by 8 b) 35 multiplied

by 6 c) 15 multiplied by 7 = 5 d)

25 multiplied by 8 e) 24 multiplied by 5

5. Multiply.
a)

c) 312

41 multiplied by 5 b) 434 multiplied by 2

multiplied by 3d) 124 multiplied by
2e) 323 multiplied by 3

6. Multiply by regrouping ones as tens.

a) 227 multiplied by

3 b) 116 multiplied by 5 c) 224

multiplied by 3 d) 119 multiplied

by 5 e) 328 multiplied by 3

7. Multiply by regrouping when you need to.

a) 237 multiplied by 5 b) 756 multiplied by
3 c) 528 multiplied by 2 d) 532 multiplied
by 7 e) 213 multiplied by 8 f) 5 multiplied by

174 g) 7 multiplied by 321 h) 6 multiplied by 132

i) 9 multiplied by 532 Bonus: 8 multiplied by 31,245

 To multiply a 2-digit.number by any multiple of ten, first multiply by the number of tens, then multiply
by 10. Example: to find 37 multiplied by 20, find 37 multiplied by 2 , then multiply by 10.

8. Multiply.
a) 63 multiplied by 5; 63 multiplied by 50
=0 b) 49

multiplied by 3;

49 multiplied by 30 =0
d) 52
c) 35 multiplied by 80

multiplied by 90

e) 36 multiplied by 50

f) 53 multiplied by 60
g) 79

multiplied by 30

To multiply 2-digit numbers, split the product into a sum of two easier products.
Example: 37 multiplied by 25 = 37 x a multiple often plus 37multipledby a 1-digit number
37 multiplied by 25 = 37 multipliedby 20 plus 37 multiplied by 5

= 740 plus 185

= 925

Keep track using a grid:

Step 1: Calculate 37 multiplied by 5
Step 2: Calculate 37 multipledby 20

Step 3: Add the results

10. Practise Step 2.

11. Practise Steps 1 and 2.

a) Regrouping for 35 multipledby 20 b) 32 multiplied
by 54; c) 45
Regrouping for 35 multipledby 6 d)
multiplied by 35;
35
16 multiplied by 42;
multiplied by

26 = = 35

multiplied by 6 = 35 multiplied by 20

12. Complete the multiplication by adding the numbers in the last two rows of the chart.

13. Multiply.

a) 37 multiplied by 25 b) 69 multiplied by 53 c)

74 multiplied by 52 d) 54 multiplied by 32
e) 87 multiplied by 23 f) 35 multiplied by 21 g)

64 multiplied by 51 h) 25 multiplied by 43 i)

12 multiplied by 87 Bonus: 652 multiplied by 473

 Extending Patterns

1. These sequences were made by adding the same number to each term.
Find the number, then extend the pattern.

a) 1 , 4 , 7, b) 2, 8, 14

c) 1, 6, 11, d) 3, 7, 11

2. These sequences were made by subtracting the same number from each term.
Find the number, then extend the pattern.

a) 17 , 14 , 11 , b) 31 , 25 , 19

c) 51 , 46, 41 d) 33, 29, 25,

3. Find the numbers that are added or subtracted, then extend the pattern. Write a
plus sign if you add the number and a minus sign if you subtract the number.

a) 1, 2, 5, 10, 17, b) 20, 15, 11, 8, 6,

c) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, d) 57, 37, 22, 12, 7,

e) 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,

4. The sequence in Question 3e) is called the Fibonacci sequence.

How can you get each term from the previous two terms?_______

5.Find the gaps between the gaps and extend the patterns.

1, 3, 8, 17, 31, 51,

 Describing Patterns

1. Write the amount by which each termin the sequence increases (goes up) or
decreases (goes down). Use a plus sign if the sequence increases and a
minus sign if it decreases.

b) 2, 6, 6, 9, 4,

c) 1, 5, 8, 18, 24, d) 4, 8, 7, 1, 10, e)

32, 37, 45, 39, 36, f) 58,61, 54, 62, 57,

2. Match each sequence (A, B, C, and D) with the correct description.

a) A. increases by 5 each time b) A. increases by 9 each time
B. increases by different amounts B. increases by different amounts
B 8 , 12 , 18 , 22 , 24 10, 19, 28, 37, 46,
A 7 , 12 , 17 . 22 , 27 6, 13, 18, 26, 31,

c) A. decreases by different amounts d) A. decreases by 11 each time

B. decreases by the same amount B. decreases by different amounts
21,20,18, 15, 11, 51, 40, 29, 18,
13, 10, 7, , 1,
4 7, 48, 35, 22, 15, 3

e) A. increases by 5 each time f) A. increases and decreases

B. decreases by different amounts B. increases by the same amount
C. increases by different amounts C. decreases by different amounts
D. decreases by the same amount
18, 23, 29, 33, 35,
31, 29, 25, 13,
27, 24, 20, 19, 16,
9, 10, 14, 9, 6,
24, 29, 34, 39, 44,
5 18, 16, 14, 12, 10

8, 11, 14, 17, 20,

3. Make 3 sequences that match the descriptions. Ask a partner to match each
sequence with the correct description. (Write the sequences out of order!)
A. increases by 4 each time

B. decreases by different amounts

C. increases and decreases
4. These sequences were made by multiplying each term by the same number.
Find the number, then extend the pattern.
a)

1, 2, 4, b) 5, 10, 20, c) 2, 6, 18, d) 7, 70, 700

5. These sequences were made by dividing each term by the same number.
Find the number, then extend the pattern.
a) 400, 200,

100, b) 96, 48, 24,

c) 500, 100, 20, d)

1600, 400, 100,

6. Write a rule for each pattern. Use the words add, subtract, multiply, or divide.

a) 3, 6, 12, 24,
Start at 3 and mutiply by 2. b) 4, 7,

10, 13, c) 28, 25, 22, 19, d) 27, 9,

3, 1, e) 2, 10, 50, 250, f) 32, 16,

8, 4, g) 30000, 3000, 300, 3,

h) 10, 200, 4000, 80000,

7. Describe each pattern as increasing, decreasing, or repeating.

a) 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, b) 3, 7, 1, 3,

7, 1, c) 29, 27, 25, 23, 22, d) 2, 6, 10,

14, 17, e) 11, 9, 6, 11, 9, 6, f) 61, 56, 51, 46, 41

8. Write the rule for each repeating pattern.

a) 3, 7, 1, 3, 7, 1, 3, 7, 1 then repeat. b) 0, 5, 0,

5, 0, 5, c) 11, 9, 6, 11, 9, 6, d) M, M, N, M, M, N,
 T-tables

number of blocks
added each time

The rule for the pattern in the number of blocks is: Start at 3 and add 2 each time.

1. Here are more patterns with blocks. How many blocks do you add to make each new figure?
Write your answer in the circles. Then write a rule for the pattern.

a) Number of b) Number of c) Number of

Figure Figure Figure
Blocks Blocks Blocks

1 3 1 2 1 2

2 7 2 6 2 4

3 11 3 10 3 6

Rule: Start at blank. Rule: Rule:

and add __ blank.

d) Number of e) Number of f) Number of

Figure Figure Figure
Blocks Blocks Blocks

1 1 1 5 1 12

2 6 2 9 2 18

3 11 3 13 3 24

Rule: Rule: Rule:

2. Extend the pattern. How many blocks would be used in Figure 6?

a) b) c)
Number of Number of Number of
Figure Figure Figure
Blocks Blocks Blocks

1 2 1 4 1 3

2 7 2 7 2 8

3 12 3 10 3 13

3. Amy makes an increasing pattern with blocks. After making the 3rd figure, she has
only 14 blocks left. Does she have enough blocks to complete the 4th figure?

a) Number of b) Number of c) Number of

Figure Figure Figure
Blocks Blocks Blocks

1 8 1 7 1 1

2 10 2 10 2 5

3 12 3 13 3 9

Yes, No Yes, No Yes, No

4. Make a table to show how many squares are needed to make the 5th figure in each pattern.

Height of
Weeks
5. Claude buys a plant that is 12 cm high. After 1 week, it is Plant (cm)
17 cm high. After 2 weeks it is 22 cm high. 0 12
a) How much does the plant grow each week?
1 17

2 22
b) How high will it be after 3 weeks?

c) After how many weeks will the plant be 42 cm high?

6. Claude's fish tank is leaking. At 6 p.m., there are 24 L of water in
Amount of
the tank. At 7 p.m., there are 20 L and at 8 p.m. there are 16 L. Time Waiter in the
a) How many litres of water leak Out each hour? Tank (L)

6 p.m. 24

b) How many litres will be left in the tank at 10 p.m.? 7 p.m. 20

8 p.m. 16

9 p.m.
c) How many hours will it take for all the water to leak out?
10 p.m.

7. The snow is 119 cm deep at 4 p.m. Snow falls at a rate of 5 cm per hour. How deep
is the snow at 8 p.m.?

8. A marina rents sailboats at a rate of $8 for the first hour and $4 for every hour
after that. How much does it cost to rent a sailboat for 5 hours?

9. Use a table of values to find out how many toothpicks will be required to make
the 5th figure in each pattern.

10. Sue makes an ornament using a hexagon (the white figure), rhombuses
(the striped figures), triangles, and squares.

a) How many triangles would Sue need to make 9 ornaments?

b) How many squares would Sue need to make 6 ornaments?

c) Sue used 4 hexagons to make ornaments. How many rhombuses
and how many triangles did she use?
d) How many triangles would Sue need to make ornaments with
12 rhombuses?

11. Edith's maple sapling grows 5 cm in July. It grows 7 cm each month after that.
Ron's sapling grows 7 cm in July. It grows 3 cm each month after that. Whose
sapling is higher by the end of September?

12. Wang has $79 and spends $3 per week. Kam has $84 and spends $4 per week.
How many weeks will it take for them to have the same amount left?
 Patterns (Advanced)

1. Draw a T-table to predict the number of shaded parts in Figure 5 of each pattern.

2. One of the most famous sequences in mathematics is the Fibonacci sequence.

a) In the circles, write the amount added between the terms ofthe Fibonacci sequence.
Then use the pattern in the steps to continue the sequence.

1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21,

b) Complete the table by writing whether each number in the sequence is even (E)
or odd (O).

c) Describe the odd-even pattern in the Fibonacci sequence.

d) Is the 38th term in the Fibonacci sequence even or odd? Explain.

e) Add the first four odd Fibonacci numbers. Then add the first two even
... Fibonacci numbers. What do you notice?
f)....Add the first six odd Fibonacci numbers. Then add the first three even
..... Fibonacci numbers. What do you notice?

3. a) Pick any number greater than 1 on Pascal’s Triangle.

Add the two numbers directly above it. (Example: for 6,
add 3 plus 3.) Repeat several times. Do you see a pattern?
b) Create Pascal’s Triangle up to 7 rows.
Use the pattern you found in part a).
c) What is the third number in the 9th row of
Pascal’s Triangle? Hint: Extend the pattern in
the 3rd diagonal
d) Describe any other patterns you see in the triangle.
INVESTIGATION ► There are 8 dots in the figure at right.

Each pair of dots is joined by exactly 1 line segment.

How can you find out how many line segments there are without counting every line?
Start with fewer dots and use a pattern to make a prediction.

A. For each set of dots, use a ruler to join every pair of dots with a straight line.
Write the number of lines in the blank.

B. Write the numbers of lines from Question A on the blanks. Find the gaps between
the numbers and write your answers in the circles.

C. Predict the gaps and numbers in the sequence. Write your predictions below.

D. Test your predictions by joining the dots in each figure. Were you right?

E. a) Extend the pattern to calculate the number of line segments in the figure at
the top ofthe page (8 dots).

b) How many lines would you need to join every pair of dots in a set of 10 dots?
 Constant Rates

A variable is a letter or symbol (such as x, n, or h) that presents a number. An algebraic expression

is a combination of one or more variables that may include numbers and operation signs.

Examples of algebraic expressions: 5 multiplied by t plus 7; n divided by 5; 3 plus z plus 5y;

1. Make your own example of an algebraic expression.

In the product of a number and a variable, the multiplication sign is usually dropped.

Example: 3 x t and t x 3 are both written as 3t.

2. Write these expressions without multiplication signs.

a) 3 multiplies by s = 3s b) n multiplied by 5 plus 2 = 5n plus 2 c) 12 minus 4 multiplied by r = d)

7 multiplied by a minus 3 = e) b multiplied by 4 minus 4 = f) 5 plus 6 multiplied by w =

3. Write these expressions with multiplication signs.

a)

3h = 3 multiplied by h b) 2 minus 3g = c) 3f plus 4 = d) 5 plus 7t = e) 7a minus 4 = f) 3x plus 4y =

4. It costs $3 per hour to rent a pair of skates. Write a numeric expression for the cost
of renting skates for...
a) 2 hours:___ 3 multiplied by 2 b) 5 hours: c) 6 hours:

5. It costs $5 per hour to rent a pair of skis. Write an algebraic expression for the cost
of renting skis for...
a) h hours:_ 5 multiplied by h or 5h b) t hours:_________ or c) x hours:or

6. Write an expression for the distance a car would travel at...

a) Speed: 60 km per hour b) Speed: 80 km per hour c) Speed: 70 km per hour
Time: 2 hours Time: 3 hours Time: 5 hours
Distance: 60 multiplied by 2 km Distance: km Distance: km

7. A car is travelling at a speed of 70 km per hour. Write an algebraic expression for

the distance it would travel in ...
a) h hours: 70h km b) t hours: km c) z hours: km
 A flat fee is a fixed charge that does not depend on how long you rent an item.

Example: It costs a flat fee of $7 to rent a boat, plus $3 for each hour you use the boat.

8. Write an expression for the amount you would pay to rent a boat for ...
a) 2 hours b) 3 hours c) 7 hours
Flat fee: $9 Flat fee: $4 Flat fee: $5
Hourly rate: $5 per hour Hourly rate: $6 per hour Hourly rate: $4 per hour
2 multi[lied by 5 plus 9

d) h hours e) t hours f) w hours

Flat fee: $5 Flat fee: $8 Flat fee: $6
Hourly rate: $4 Hourly rate: $3 Hourly rate: $5
4h plus 5

9. Match the fee for renting a windsurf board (left) to the correct algebraic
expression (right).
A $15 flat fee and .$7 for each hour 15h plus 7

$15 for each hour, no flat fee 7h plus 15

A $7 flat fee and $15 for each hour 15h

10. Underline the variable — the quantity that changes. Then write an expression
for each cost. Use n for the variable.
Cost ($)

a) Umbrellas are on sale for $2 each. 2n

b) A copy shop charges $0.79 for each copy.

c) A bus company charges a $10 flat fee plus $5 per passenger.

d) A boat company charges a $20 flat fee plus $7 per passenger.

11. Sara has $n. How much money, in dollars, will she have if her mother gives her ...
a) $7 n b) $5
plus d) $31
c) $127

12. Sara has $5 (n = $5). Replace n with 5 in Question 11 to calculate Sara’s money in dollars.
a) 5 plus 7 = 12 b) c) d)
13. Socks cost $2 per pair. The cost of n pairs is $2n.

John says that the cost of 6 pairs is $26 and the cost of 7 pairs is $27.
Is this correct? What did John do wrong?

14. Write the number 2 in the brackets and evaluate.

a) 5 (2) = 5 multiplied by 2 = 10

15. Replace n with 2 in each expression.

a) 4n plus 3 b) 5n plus 1 c) 3n 2
minus d) 2n plus 3
4(2) plus 3

= 8 plus 3
= 11

16. A company charges a $6 flat fee to rent a pair of skis plus $3 for each hour you
use the skis. The total is given by the expression 3h plus 6. Find the cost of renting
a pair of skis for...

a) 4 hours b) 2 hours c) 5 hours d) 7 hours

3(4) plus 6

= 12 plus 6
= 18

17. Replace the variable with the given value and evaluate — this is called substitution.
a) 5h plus 2, h=3 b) 2n plus 3, n=6 c) 5t minus 2, t= 4
5(3) plus 2

= 15 plus 2
= 17

d) 3m plus 9, m=8 e) 9 minus 2z, Z=4 f) 3n plus 2, n=5

18. Evaluate each expression.

a) 2n plus 3, n= 5 b) 2t plus3, t=5 c) 2 w plus 3, w = 5

2(5) plus 3

= 10 plus 3 = 13

19. What do you notice about your answers to Question 18?

Why is that so?

20. Evaluate each expression.

a) 2x plus 7, x= 6 b) 7 plus 2x, x = 6

21. What do you notice about your answers to Question 20?

Why is that so?

22. Circle all the expressions that mean the same thing as 4n plus 7.

7 plus 4n 7n plus 4 4m plus 7 7t plus 4

7 plus 4w 7 plus 4 multiplied by p 4 plus 7s n multiplied by 4 plus 7

23. Sandwiches cost $3 and drinks $2. The cost of s sandwiches and d drinks is:
3s plus 2d.

Find the cost of the following items.

a) 5 sandwiches and 4 drinks b) 6 sandwiches and 6 drinks c) 2 sandwiches and 7 drinks

3s plus 2d = 3(5) plus 2(4)

= 15 plus 8
= 23
The cost is $23 The cost is The cost is

24. A company charges a $5 flat fee to rent a bike plus $8 for each hour
you use the bike.
a) Write an expression for the cost of renting a bike for h hours.

b) Sara has $61. How many hours can she rent the bike for? (Can you write
an equation to help you solve the problem?)
 Solving Equations — Guess and Check

1. a) Calculate x plus 3 for each value of x.

b) In each equation below, only one value of x will make the equation true.
Find the value of x that will make the equation true.

i) x plus 3 = 10 ii) x plus 3 = 4 iii) x plus 3 = 12 iv) x plus 3 = 7 v) x plus 3 = 3

x = 7 x= x= x= x=

Finding the value of a variable that makes an equation true is called solving for the variable.
In Question 1, you solved for x.

2. a) Calculate 3n (= 3 multiplied by n) and 3n minus 5 for each value of n.

b) Solve for n.

i) 3n minus 5 = 16 ii) 3n minus 5 = 25 iii) 3n minus 5 = 10 iv) 3n minus 5 = 31

n= n= n= n=

3. Substitute n = 5 into the expression on the left side of the equation. Does n need
to be greater than, less than, or equal to 5 to make the equation true?
a) 3n plus 2 = 20 b) 5n plus 6 = 26

3(5) plus 2 = 17 is less than 20. 5(5) plus 6 = blank is blank 26.
So n should be greater than 5. So n should be blank 5.

c) 2n plus 3 = 13 d) 4n plus 3 = 27
2(5) plus 3 = blank is blank 13. 4(5) plus 3 = blank is blank 27.
So n should be blank 5. So n should be blank 5.

4. Solve for n by guessing small values for n, checking, and revising. Do your rough work
in your notebook.

a) 3n pus 2 = 8 b) 5n 2 = 13
minus c) 4n minus 1 = 15 d) 6n minus 5 = 31

n= n= n= n=

e) 7n 2 = 19
minus f) 2n plus 3 = 9 g) 3n plus 5 = 14 h) 2n minus 5 = 3

n= n= n= n=
5. Sara solves 7x plus 11 = 67 and gets x = 8.
a) Verify Sara's answer.

b) What value for t solves 7t plus 11 = 67?

c) What value for x solves 11 plus 7x = 67?

How do you know?

d) What value for x solves 67 = 7x plus 11?

How do you know?

6. Circle the equations that mean the same thing as 8x plus 3 = 51.

3 plus 8x =51 8t plus 3 = 51 3w plus 8 = 51 8 plus 3x =51

51 = 3 plus 8x 51= 8w plus 3 r multiplied by8 plus 3 = 51 51= 3 plus 8t

3 plus 8r =51 51 plus 8r = 3 8z plus 3 = 51 8z plus 51=3

7. Solve these equations by guessing, checking, and revising. Do your rough work
in your notebook.
a) 3t plus 4 = 13; t= b) 4h plus 5 = 13 ; h =2w plus 9 = 17; w = d) 10p = 30; p=
c)

e) 2 plus 7x = 23; x= f) 3 plus 5x = 38; x= g) 8 + 2x = 26; x = h) 5 plus 3n = 20; n=

i) 10 = 3x plus 1; x= j) 15 = 4x minus 1; x = k) 20 = 4x;x

= I) 32 = 5w plus 2; w=

m) 3 plus 5x= 18; x = n) 23 = 7u plus 2; u= o) 7u plus 5 = 40; u = p) 30 = 3 plus 9n; n =

8. Find another equation from Question 7 that means the same thing as the
equation in part e).

Bonus Solve for x and y: 2x plus 1=7 = 4y minus 1

 Modelling Equations

1. Each bag contains the same unknown number of apples. Let x stand for the number
of apples in one bag. Write a mathematical expression for the total number of apples.

a)

x plus 2

2. Write an expression for the total number of apples. Write an equation by making
the expression equal to the total number of apples.
a) There are 7 apples in total. b) There are 10 apples in total. c) There are 15 apples in total.

Expression x plus 2 Expression Expression

Equation x plus 2 = 7 Equation Equation

3.Write an equation and find the number of apples in each bag.

a) 10 apples in total b) 13 apples in total c) 17 apples in total

d) 11 apples in total e) 14 apples in total f) 31 apples in total

4. Solve each equation for x by guessing and checking, then draw a model to
verify your answer.

a) 3x plus 4 = 19

b) 2x plus 5 = 13 c) 4x plus 2 =14 d) 3x plus 8 = 14 e) 5x plus 2 = 27 f) 4x plus 3 = 15

5. Does this type of model work for the equation 3x 4 = 14? Explain in your notebook.
minus
 Solving Equations — Preserving Equality

1. Write the number that makes each equation true.

a) 8 plus 4 minus blank = 8 b) 8 multiplied by 3 divided by blank = 8 c) 8 divided by 2 multiplied by blank = 8 d) 8 minus 5 plus blank = 8 e)

12 divided by 4 multiplied by blank = 12 f) 13 minus 6 plus blank = 13 g) 3 multiplied by 5 divided by blank = 3 h) 19 plus 3 minus blank = 19

2. Write the operation that makes each equation true.

a) 7 plus 2 blank 2 =7 b) 8 multiplied by 3 blank 3 = 8 c) 12 divided by 2 blank 2 = 12 d) 15 minus 4 blank 4 = 15

e) 18 divided by 3 blank 3 = 18 f) 8 minus 2 blank 2 = 8 g) 5 multiplied by 3 blank 3 = 5 h) 6 plus 4 blank 4 = 6

3. Write the operation and number that make each equation true.
a) 17 plus 3 minus 3 = 17 b) 20 divided by 4 blank = 20 c) 18 multiplied by 2 blank

= 18 d) 22 minus 4 blank = 11 e) 4 multiplied by 3 blank = 4 f) 15 plus 2 blank =

15 g) 15 multiplied by 2 blank = 15 h) 5 plus 3 blank =5 i) 5 multiplied by 3 blank =

5 j) 16 divided by 2 blank = 6 k) 6 multiplied by 2 blank = 6 l) 6 minus 2 blank = 6

4. How could you undo each operation and get back to the number you started with?
a) add 4 subtract 4 b) multiply by 3
c) divide by 2 d) subtract 7

5. Start with the number 3. Do the operations and then undo them in backwards order.
Add 7. 1 Subtract 7.
Multiply by 2 20 Divide by 2.

Subtract 5. Add 5.

Divide by 3. Multiply by 3.

Did you finish with the number you started with?

6. Start with the number 11. Do the operations and then undo them in backwards order.
Add 4. 15
Divide by 3.

Subtract 1.
Multiply by 4. Divide by 4.

Did you finish with the number you started with?

 Remember: The variable x represents a number, so you can treat it like a number.
Operation Result Operation Result
Add 3 to x , x plus 3 Multiply 3 by x 3 multipledby x = 3x

Add x to 3 3 plus x Multiply x by 3 x multiplied by 3 = 3x

Subtract 3 from x x minus 3 Divide x by 3 x divided by 3

Subtract x from 3 3xminus Divide 3 by x 3 divided by x

7. Show the result of each operation.

a) Multiply x by 7 7x b) Add 4 to x x plus 4 c) Subtract 5 from x

d) Subtract x from 5 e) Divide x by 10 f) Divide 9 by x

g) Multiply 8 by x h) Add xto 9 Bonus Add x to y

8. What happens to the variable x?

a) 2x Multiply by 2. b) 3x c) x plus 4
d) x minus
5 e) X divided by 3 f) 6 divided by x

g) 4 x
minus Bonus x plus x

9. Start with the variable. Write the correct operation and number to get back where you started.
a) n plus 3 minus 3 = n b) n multiplied by 3 blank = n c) 5m blank

= m d) x minus 5 blank =x e) x plus blank = x f) x minus 14 blank =

x g) z divided by 5 blank = z h) 7y blank = y i) r plus 8 blank = r j) x
plus 4 blank = x k) 6 x blank = x l) x plus 7 minus 3 blank = x

10. Circle the expressions that get you back t m.

7m minus 7 7m divided by 7 m divided by 7 multiplied by 7 7 divided by m multiplied by 7 7 plus m minus 7 7 minus m plus 7

11. Solve for x by doing the same thing to both sides of the equation. Check your answer.
a) 3x = 12 b) x 4 = 11
minus c) 4x = 20 d) 3 plus x = 9 e) x plus 5 = 8
3x divided by 3 = 12 div edby 3 f) x divided by 6 = 3 g) 5x = 15 h) x minus 7 =
X =4 10 i) 2x = 18 j) x divided by 2 = 3 k) x plus 1

Check by replacing = 20 l) 10x = 90 m) 9x = 54 n) x plus 26 = 53

x with your answer:
3(4) = 12 y
 Solving Equations — Two Operations

1. Jason does some operations to the secret number x. He gets 37 every time. Write an
equation and then work backwards to find x.
a) Jason’s operations Work backwards to find x
Start with x. x Write the equation again. 5x plus 7 = 37

Multiply by 5. 5x Undo adding 7 by subtracting 7. 5x plus 7 minus 7 = 37 7

minus
Add 7. 5x plus 7 Write the new equation. 5x = 30
The answer is 37. 5x plus 7 = 37 Undo multiplying by 5 by dividing by 5. 5x divided by 5 = 30 divided by 5
Write the new equation. x =6
You solved for x!

Check your answer by doing the operations in order, the way Jason did them.

Start with your answer: 6 Multiply by 5: 30 Add 7: 37 Do you get 37? Yes

b) Jason’s operations Work backwards to find x

Start with x. Write the equation again.
Multiply by 8. Undo adding 5 by subtracting 5.
Add 5. Write the new equation.
The answer is 37. Undo multiplying by 8 by dividing by 8.

Write the new equation.

You solved for x!

Check your answer by doing the operations in order, the way Jason did them.
Start with your answer: Multiply by 8: Add 5 Do you get 37?

c) Jason’s operations Work backwards to find x

Start with x. Write the equation again.
Multiply by 4. Undo subtracting 3 by adding 3.
Subtract 3. Write the new equation.
The answer is 37. Undo multiplying by 4 by dividing by 4.

Write the new equation.

You solved for x!

Check your answer by doing the operations in order, the way Jason did them.
Start with your answer: Multiply by 4: Subtract 3: Do you get 37?
2. Solve for the variable by undoing each operation in the equation.
a) 8x plus 3 = 27 8x b) 4h minus 3 = 37 4h

plus 3 minus 3 = 27 minus minus 3 plus 3 = 37 plus blank

3 8x = blank 8x 4h = blank 4h

divided by 8 = blank divided by divided by 4 = blank divided by

blank x = blank blank h = blank

c) 3s 4 = 29
minus d) 2t plus 3 = 11 e) 2m 7 = 13
minus f) 5a plus 2 = 47

g) 4z plus 3 = 19 h) 7w minus 2 = 26 i) 8x plus 3 = 3 j) 9r 3=6

minus

3. A store charges you $3 per hour to rent a pair of roller blades.

a) Write an expression for the cost of renting the roller blades. Use h for hours.

b) Mary rented the roller blades for 4 hours. How much did she pay?_______
c) Sue paid $15 to rent the roller blades. How many hours did she rent the roller blades for?

4. Kim has $36 in savings. She earns $9 an hour. She saves all the money she makes.
a) Write an expression for the amount Kim will have saved after working h hours.

b) How much will she have saved after working 3 hours?

c) How many hours does she have to work to buy a shirt that costs $90?

5. a) In which part of Question 4 did you substitute for h?_______

b) In which part of Question 4 did you solve for h?

Company A Company B Company C

Rental fee for boat $100 $120 $70

Fee for each person $3 $5 $7

a) Write an expression that gives the total amount each company would charge for
a boat carrying n people.
b) A group chose Company C and paid $126. How many people were in the group?

c) How much would the group have paid with Companies A and B?
d) Was Company C the best choice for the group? Why or why not?
 Modelling Equations — Advanced

Scale A is balanced. A triangle has mass x kg and a circle has mass 1 kg.

1. Write the equation for each balance.

a)

2x plus 3 = 9

2. Write the equation that Scale A shows. Draw Scale B so that it balances only the
triangles from Scale A, and write the new equation.

a)

3x plus 2 = 8 3x =6

3. Scale B is balanced and has only triangles on one side and only circles on the other.
Put the circles into the number of groups given by the number of triangles. Show on
Scale C what balances 1 triangle.

4. Scale A is balanced perfectly. Draw scales B and C as in Questions 2 and 3.

Write the new equations.

5. Draw Scales A, B, and C to model the process of solving the equation 3x + 5 = 11.
 Solving Equations — Advanced

The expression 3 multiplied by 2 is short for 2 plus 2 plus 2. Similarly, the expression 3x is short for x plus x plus x.

1. Write 6x in three ways.

a)

6x = 3x plus 3x

2. Add.
a) 3x plus x = 4x b) 5x plus 2x = c) 7x plus x = d) 4x plus 2x plus 3x =

3. Group the x’stogether, then solvethe equation for x.

a) 2x plus 5x = 21 b) 5x plus 4x plus 2 = 20c) 6x plus x plus 4 = 32 d) 3x plus 2x plus 2 = 22

4. Fill in the blanks.

a) 3 minus 3 = b) 8 minus
8= c) 132 minus 132 = d) x minus x =
e) 3 plus 3 minus
3 = f) 7 plus 1 minus 1 = g) 5 plus 5 minus 5 = h) x plus x minus x =

Every time you see a number or variable subtracted by itself in an equation (Examples: 3 minus 5,
3, 5 minus
8 minus 8, x minus x), you can cross out both numbers or variables because they will add to 0. Crossing out
parts of an equation that make 0 is called cancelling.

5. Fill in the blanks by crossing out numbers or variables that add to 0.

a) 4 plus 3 minus 3 = 4
b) 5 plus 2 minus 2 = c) 7 plus 1 minus 1 = d) 8 plus 6 minus 6 = e) 3 plus 7 minus 3 = f) 2 plus 9
minus 2 = g) 4 plus 3 minus 3 plus 7 minus 7 plus 6 minus 6 = h) 5 plus 2 minus 2 plus 4 minus 5 =
i) 7 plus x minus x = j) x plus 12 minus x = k) x plus x minus x = l) x plus x plus x minus x = m) x plus x

minus x plus x plus x plus x minu x minus x =

6. Rewrite these expressions as sums of individual variables and then cancel. Write what’s left.
a) 5x minus 2x = b) 4x minus x = c) 5x minus x plus 2x =

7. Add or subtract without writing the expressions as sums of individual x’s.

a) 7x b) 8x minus 4x = c) 4x minus
minus 5x2x plus 3x = = 2x
d) 9x minus 3x plus 4x =

8. Group the x’s together, then solve for x.

a) 8x minus 3x plus x minus 2 = 28 b) 5x plus x minus x minus 2x plus 4 = 19 c) 7x plus 4 minus 2x minus 3 = 26
 Equations and Expressions

1. Circle the equations and underline the expressions.

5n minus 3 n plus 6 = 7 7 plus 3n 7 plus 3n = 5 plus 2n a plus b

a plus b = b plus a 8 3n = 5
minus a multiplied by b = b multiplied by a 4 plus 6n 5m
minus

2. What is the difference between an expression and an equation?

3. How are an equation and an expression the same?

4. Write an equation that contains the expression 5n plus 3.

5. In the expression 5n + 3, which quantity is changing; 5n or 3?

How do you know?

In an expression, the number that is multiplied by the variable is called the coefficient.

6. Write the coefficient in each expression.

a) 2x minus 7 b) m plus 3 c) 4n plus 5 d) 6 plus 7w

Some expressions have more than one variable. Each variable has its own coefficient. In the
expression 3a plus 7b plus 5, the coefficient of a is 3 and the coefficient of b is 7.

7. Write the coefficient of x in each expression.

a) 3x plus 4y plus 7 3 b) 2u plus 5x plus 4w plus 6 c) 3 plus 4x plus w d) 3w plus x

In an expression, the quantity without the variable is called the constant term because it does
not change.

8. Write the constant term in each expression.

a) 4x plus 7 b) 8r c) 7u plus 9 d) 5 plus 3x
9. It costs $3 per hour to use the ski hill and $10 to rent the skis.

a) Write an expression for the cost of renting skis to go skiing for h hours. _________________

b) What is the coefficient in your expression?________

c) What is the constant term in your expression?_______

10. A c ar is travelling at a speed of 50 k m per hour.

a) Write an expression for the distance the car travels in h hours._________________
b) What is the constant term?_______

c) What is the coefficient?________

d) What does the variable in your expression represent? Circle the correct answer.

The speed at which the car is travelling

The number of hours the car travels

The distance the car travels.

11. Ron models theequation 3x plus 4 = 13by drawing bags with thesame number
of apples in each and then some apples outside the bags.
a) Draw Ron’s model.

Circle the correct answer.

b) What isthe number of bags? coefficient constant term variable

c) What isthe number of apples in each bag? coefficient constant term variable

d) What isthe number of apples outside the bags? coefficient constant term variable

e) Which number in the equation shows the total number of apples?_______

12. A company charges a flat fee and an hourly rate to rent a bike. Draw a line to match
the coefficient, the constant term, and the variable with the correct quantity.

coefficient the flat fee

constant term the hourly rate
variable the number of hours rented
 PA7-13' Dividing by a Constant

Division is often written in fractional form:

io a
12-v4 12
=—
4
15
15-v5c = —
5
x dy = - W dd_ = —
w
3 7

1. Solve these division problems.

a) 5= 2 b) 12, X 12 d) 15
c) 4 2
3 6 5

To solve the equation 3x = 12, Jill thinks:

“If 3x =12,1 can multiply x by 3 to get 12. But then I can divide 12 by 3 to find x.”

If 3x = 12 then x = —
3

2. Solve the following equations by working backwards.

a) 3x- 12 b) 2x= 10 c) 4x= 12 d) 2x = 14 e) 3x = 21
12
X = 3

X=4

f) 7x = 28 g) 6x = 18 h) 7x = 49 i) 8x = 48 j) 9x = 72

To solve the equation = 5, Jill thinks:

o
“If — = 5, I can divide x by 3 to get 5. But then I can multiply 5 by 3 to get x.”
3
| If— = 5 then x = 5 x3 = 5(3) sox =15.
I 3
I . . ................ ■ .............. .........- _ ............. -.. ... — .........

3. Solve each equation by working backwards.

. xr .
a) o = 4 b) - = 2 c) Xv=*3 d) — = 7 e) 9= 4
3 ) 5 ) 2
x = 4(3)

X = 12
COPYRIGHT © 2009 JUMP MATH: NOT TO BE COPIED

4. Solve each equation by working backwards.

a) - = 3 b) 2x = 8 c) 4=5 d) 3 + x = 8 e) x 5= 6
' 2
X = 3(2)

X=6

*= 4 g) 5 - x = 2 h) 12 = 2x i) 16 = 3x + 1 j)5=|+1
f) 3

Patterns and Algebra 7-13 45

 Word Problems

To solve word problems, you turn the words into algebraic expressions. The words give clues
to the operations you need to use. Here are some of the dues for different operations.

Add Subtract Multiply Divide

increased by less than product divided by

sum difference times divided into

more than decreased by twice as many quotient

reduced by.

1. Match each algebraic expression with the correct description.

a) 2 more than a number 4x b) 2 divided into a number 3x

a number divided by 3 x minus

2 a number reduced by 4 x div ded by 2

2 less than a number x plus 2 a number times 3 x plus 3

the product of a number and 4 x minus 3 twice as many as a number x minus

4

a number decreased by 3 x divided by3 a number increased by 3 2x

2. Write an algebraic expression for each description.

a) Four more than a number. b) A number decreased by 10. c) The product of 7 and a number.
d) A number divided by 8. e) Two less than a number. f) The sum of a number and 7.
g) A number increased by 9. h) A number reduced by 4. i) The product of a number and 3.
j) Five times a number. k) 6 divided into a number. I) Twice as many as a number-.

When solving word problems, the word “is” translates to the equal sign, =.
Example: “Two more than a number is seven” can be written x plus 2 = 7.

3. Solve the following problems by first writing an equation.

a) Four more than a number is eighteen. b) Five less' than a number is 12.

c) Five times a number is thirty. d) Six times a number is forty-two.

e) Six divided into a number is four. f) The product of a number and 5 is forty.
g) A number multiplied by two then increased h) A number multiplied by three then decreased
by five is thirty-five. by four is seventeen.

i) Two more than 3 divided into a number is 8. j) Twice a number is 4 more than 10.

k) Three times a number is 4 less than 28. BONUS Half of a number is 5 more than 3.
 Two numbers are consecutive if one is the next number after the other.

Examples: 6 and 7 are consecutive numbers because 7 is the next number after 6
6 and 8 are consecutive even numbers because 8 is the next even number after 6

4. Fill in the blanks.

a) 4 and blank are consecutive.

b) 7 and blank are consecutive.

c) 36, 37, 38, and_____ are consecutive.

d) x, x plus 1,and blank are consecutive.

5. Fill in the blanks.

a) 4 and blank are consecutive even numbers.

b) 7 and blank are consecutive odd numbers.

c) 16, 18, 20, and____ are consecutive even numbers.

d) 35, blank, 39, and 41 are consecutive odd numbers.

e) x is even. x, blank, and blank are consecutive even numbers.

f) x is odd. x, blank, and blank are consecutive odd numbers.

6. Problem: The sum of two consecutive numbers is 35. What are the numbers?
Do this problem in two ways.

a) Use a T-table to list all possible pairs of consecutive numbers,

in order, and find the sums. Stop when you reach 35. 2 Consecutive
Their Sum
Numbers
b) Use algebra.
1,2 1 plus 2 = 3
i) If the smaller of the consecutive numbers is x,
write a formula for the other number.
2, 3 2 plus 3 = 5
Smaller Number = x
Next Number = 3, 4 3 plus 4 = 7

ii) Write an equation using the given information: 4, 5

The sum of the two. consecutive numbers is 35.
5, 6
blank = 35

iii) Solve your equation. What are the two numbers?

7. The sum of two consecutive odd numbers is 32. What are the two numbers?
a) Let the smaller number be x and solve the problem.

b) Let the larger number be x and solve the problem.

c) Did you get the same answer both ways?

8. a) Do Question 7 by using T-tables.

b) Did you get the same answer using T-tables as you did using algebra?
c) Which method do you like better, T-tables or algebra? Explain.

9. The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 42. What are the three numbers?

10. a) The area ( X) of a rectangle is given by A = I multipledby w (also written A = Iw), where
l = length and w = width. Evaluate the expression for the area of a rectangle with...
i) l =2 w= 5 ii) l = 7 w= 9 iii) l =15 w=10

b) A rectangle has area 56 and length 8. Write an equation for the width w and
solve your equation.

REMINDERS The perimeter of a shape is the distance around the shape.

11. a) Write an expression for the perimeter of each shape (x stands for the length of
the unknown sides).

b) The perimeter of each shape in part a) is 24. Find the unknown side lengths.

12. Anna is 5 years older than Rita. The sum of their ages is 31. How old are they?

13. Mark's dad is three times as old as Mark. The sum of their ages is 48. How old is Mark?
BONUS Bilal's sister is 3 years younger than Bilal.
Bilal's mother is three times Bilal's age.
Bilal's father is 4 years older than Bilal's mother.
The sum of all four ages is 89.
How old was Bilal's mother when Bilal was born?
 Investigating Equations

Look at these equations: 2 multiplied by 3 = 3 plus 3 2 multiplied by 0 = 0 plus 0 2 multiplied by 7 = 7 plus 7 2 multipledby 26 = 26 plus 26
The equations are all different, but they have the same form. They all look like this: 2 multiplied by a = a plus a

for some number a. The letter a is a variable — it represents a number.

1. Replace the number that changes in each group of equations with the variable m.
a) 5 muliplied by 3 div edby 3 = 5 3 =7
b) 7 plus 3 minus c) 7 plus 3 minus
3=7

7 multipledby 3 divided by 3 = 7 18 plus 3 3 = 18

minus 7 plus 4 minus 4=7

12 multipledby 3 divided by 3 = 12 25 plus 3 3 = 25

minus 7 plus 12 minus 12 = 7

m multiplied by 3 divided by 3 = m

d) 16 div eby 2 multiplied by2 = 16 e) 9 5 plus 5 = 9

minus f) 9 minus 5 plus 5 = 9

12 divided by 2 multipledby 2 = 12 15 5 plus 5 = 15

minus 9 minus
0 plus 0 = 9

7 divided by 2 multipledby 2 = 7 21 minus 5 plus 5 = 21 9 minus 7 plus 7 = 9

2. Sara notices that these equations have the same right side:

7 multiplied by 3 divided by 3 =7
7 multiplied by 5 divided by 5=7
7 multiplied by 200 divided by 200 = 7

a) Sara thinks that 7 multipledby a div eby a = 7 will be true for any number a. Is she correct?
Hint: Are there any numbers that you are not allowed to divide by?
b) Choose a number a that you think will make 7multiplied by a divided by d = 7 true.
a = blank Check your answer.

3. Calculate each expression if a = 12 and b = 3.

a) a minus b = 12 minus b) a plus b = 12 plus 3

3 =9

4. Circle two expressions from Question 3 that have the same answer.
Check in your notebook whether they will also have the same answer when...
a) a = 4 and b = 7 b) your choice: a = blank and b = blank

5. Write an equation to show that the two expressions you circled in Question 4 always
have the same answer. blank = blank
 To verily that an equation is true, calculate both sides and make sure they both equal the same number.

6. Verify that each equation is true for a = 3 and b = 5.

a) a multipledby (b plus 2) = a multipledby b plus a multipledby 2 b) a multipledby (b plus 3) = a multiplied by b plus a multiplied by 3
3 multiplied by (5 plus 2) 3 multiplied by 5 plus 3 multiplied by 2
= 3 multiplied by 7 = 15 plus 6
= 21 = 21

c) a multiplied by (b plus 4) = amultipledby b plus a multiplied by 4 d) a multiplied by (b plus 5) = a multiplied by b plus a multiplied by 5e) a multiplied by (b plus 6) = a multiplied by b plus a multipledby6.

7. All equations in Question 6 look like this: a multiplied by (b plus c) = a multiplied by b plus a multiplied by c.
This is an equation in 3 variables.
a) In Question 6 c), you used: a = 3 , b= 5 , and c = 4
b) In Question 6 d), you used: a =________ , b =, and c =.
c) In Question 6 e), you used: a =________ , b =, and c =.

8. Use a multiplied by (b plus c) = a multipledby b plus a multipledby c to find what values a, b, and c have in these equations.
a) 5 multipledby (2 plus 7) = 5 multiplied by 2 plus 5 multiplied by 7 ;a=, b =, c =,

b) 3 multipledby (2 plus 5) = 3 multiplied by 2 plus 3 multipledby 5; a=, b =, c=;

c) 2 multipledby (6 plus 7) = 2 multiplied by 6 plus 2 multiplied by 7; a=, b =, c =,

d) 4 multipledby (12 plus 83) = 4 multiplied by 12 plus 4 multiplied by 83; a=, b =, c=,

9. Use a multiplied by (b plus c) = a multipledby b plus a multipledby c to finish writing the equations.

a) 3 multiplied by (5 plus 1) = 3 multiplied by blank plus 3 multiplied by blank b) 4 multiplied

by (2 plus 6) = blank multiplied by 2 plua blank multiplied by 6 c) 7 multiplied by (0 plus 3)

= d) 0 multiplied by ( 3plus 4) = e) 9 multiplied by (2 plus 7) = f) 10 multiplied by (1 plus 1) =

10. Calculate (a plus b) multiplied by c and a multiplied c plus b multiplied by c for the values of a, b, and c given.
a) a = 3, b = 5, c = 4 b) a = 2 , b = 3, c = 1 c) a = 5, b = 2, c = 10

What do you notice about your answers? Write an equation using the variables a, b, and c.

11. Use the equation from Question 10 to fill in the blanks.

a) In the expression (5 plus 3) multiplied by6 b) In the expression, (8 plus 5) multiplied by 3
a= 5 b = 3 c= 6 a= b= c=

So (5 plus 3) multiplied by 6 = blank multipkied by 6 plus blank multiplied by 6. So (8 plus 5) multipledby 3 = 8 multiplied by blank plus 5 multiplied by blank

c) In the expression (7 plus 2) multiplied by 9 d) In the expression, (3 plus 2) multipledby 0

a= b= c= a= b= c =
So (7 plus 2) multipledby 9 = So (3 plus 2) multipledby 0 =
 The multiples of a number are the numbers you say when counting by that number.
3 multiplied by 5 = 15; 15 is a multiple of both 3 and 5 0 multiplied by 4 = 0; 0 is a multiple of both 0 and 4

3 and 5 are both factors of 15 0 and 4 are both factors of 0

1. List the first few multiples of these numbers.

a) 3: 3, 6, 9, b) 4:
C) 5 :

2. Look at the lists you made in Question 1.

a) Is 12 a multiple of 4?_____ b) Is 17 a multiple of 5? c) Is 0 a multiple of 3?
Of 4? Of 5?

3. a) Write 0 as a multiple of 17. 0 = 17 multiplied by blank

b) Which whole numbers is 0 a multiple of? Explain.

4. Rewrite each statement in a way that means the same thing but uses the word “factor.”
a) 20 is a multiple of 5. 5 is a factor of 20. b) 9 is a multiple of 1.
c) 0 is a multiple of 8. d) 11 is not a multiple of4.

INVESTIGATION 1; What are the factors of 12?

A. Count by each number until you either reach 12 or pass it.

a) by1s: 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 b) by 2s: 0, 2, 4,

c) by3s: 0, 3, 6, d) by 4s: 0,4:

e) by 5s: 0, 5, f) by 6s: 0, 6,

g)by 7s: 0, 7: h) by 8s: 0, 8,___

i) by 9s: 0, 9, j) by 10s: 0, 10,
k) by 11s: 0, 11, I) by 12s- 0, 12,
m) by 13s: 0,

B. How do you know that any number greater than 12 cannot be a factor of 12?

C. a) List all the factors of 12. b) Is 12a factor of 12?

5. a) Count by 0s from 0. 0, 0, 0.
b) Is 8 a multiple of 0?

c) Is 0 a factor of 8?
d) What is the only number that is a multiple of 0?
e) What is the only number that has 0 as a factor?

6. a) Show that 13 is a factor of 13 by counting by 13s starting at 0.

b) Which whole numbers are of Explain.

7. a) Show that 1 is a factor of 8 by counting by 1s starting at 0.

b) Which whole numbers have 1 as a factor? Explain.

8. a) Fill in the blanks:

0 multiplied by 1= 0 multiplied by 2 = 0 multiplied by 3 =________________ 0 multiplied by 4 =

b) What numbers will fit in the blank here: 0 multiplied by blank = 0?

Can you find a number that does not fit?

c) We know that 0 is a factor of 0. What are the other factors of 0? Explain._________________

9. Rewrite each statement in a way that means the same thing but uses the word “factor.”
a) 5 is a multiple of 1.

b) Every number is a multiple of 1.

c) 8 is a multiple of 8.
d) Every number is a multiple of itself.
e) 0 is a multiple of 7.

f) 0 is a multiple of any number.

10. Rewrite each statement in a way that means the same thing but uses the word “multiple.”
a) 5 is a factor of 15. b) 3 is a factor of 0. c) Any factor of 12 is at most 12.

d) Any factor of a number e) 6 is a factor of 6. f) Any number is a factor of itself.

(except 0) is at most the
number.
 Organized Search

1 . Alana uses a chart to find all the factors of 10 by pairing up numbers that multiply
to give 10. She lists numbers 1 to 10 in the 1st column, and the number you multiply
each one by to get 10 in the 2nd column. If there is no number that multiplies to 10,
she leaves the box in the 2nd column blank.

a) Why did Alana not list any 1 s number greater than 10?

b) Why did Alana not list 0 as a 1st number?

2. Use Alana's method to find all the pairs of numbers that multiply to give the
number in bold.

a) 6 b) 8 c) 9

3. Cross out the pairs of numbers that are repeated in Question 2.

4. Connor makes a chart to list all the factors of 24. He does not want to write
and check all the numbers from 1 to 24. He starts his list as shown.

a) Connor knows that 6 multipledby 4 = 24. He thinks that if 7 multiplied by blank = 24, then blank
must be less than 4. Explain his thinking.

b) Explain why Connor's list is complete.

5. Connor used this chart to help him identify pairs that multiply to 16. Why did he
know that his search was complete as soon as he found a pair with both numbers
the same?
 To list all the factors of a given number, (the pairs of numbers that multiply to give that number),
stop when you get a number that is already part of a pair.

6. Make a chart to find all the pairs of numbers that multiply to give each number.
a) 20 b) 12 c) 15 d) 14 e) 25 f) 5
g) 26 h) 30 i) 42 j) 72

k) 63 I) 100 m) 64 n) 91

A factor rainbow for a number, such as 9 or 10, pairs the factors that multiply to give that number.
Factor rainbow for 9 Factor rainbow for 10

7. Finish the factor rainbow for each number.

6: 1 2 3 4 5 6 8: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

8. As a shortcut to making a factor rainbow, we can leave out all numbers that are
not factors. Using this shortcut, make a factor rainbow for each number.

Example: 6: 1 2 3 6
a) 4 b) 8 c) 12 d) 15 e) 7 f) 24 g) 42

9. a) Tom knows that 3 is a factor of 144. Is 144 divided by 3 also a factor of 144?
b) Tom’s teacher tells him that 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 are all factors of 144.
Find 6 more factors of 144 by division.
144 divided by 1 = 144 divided by 2 = 144 divided by 3 =

144 divided by 4 = 144 divided by 6 = 144 divided by 12 =

c) As n gets larger, what happens to 144 divided by n?

d) List the factors of 144 you found so far in order. Have you found all of them?
How do you know?

10. 1 is a factor of every number. What is the next smallest factor of 3 256? What is the
largest factor of 3,256, other than 3,256? How do you know?