R23 – Computer Networks & Internet Protocols (23A05501P)
List of Experiments:
1. Implement the data link layer framing methods such as character, character-
stuffing and bit
stuffing.
2. Write a program to compute CRC code for the polynomials CRC-12, CRC-16
and CRC
CCIP
3. Develop a simple data link layer that performs the flow control using the
sliding window
protocol, and loss recovery using the Go-Back-N mechanism.
4. Implement Dijkastra‘s algorithm to compute the shortest path through a
network
5. Take an example subnet of hosts and obtain a broadcast tree for the subnet.
6. Implement distance vector routing algorithm for obtaining routing tables at
each node.
7. Implement data encryption and data decryption
8. Write a program for congestion control using Leaky bucket algorithm.
9. Write a program for frame sorting technique used in buffers.
10. Programs using Wireshark
i. Packet Capture Using Wire shark
ii. Starting Wire shark
iii. Viewing Captured Traffic
iv. Analysis and Statistics & Filters.
11. How to run Nmap scan
12. Operating System Detection using Nmap
13. Do the following using NS2 Simulator
i. NS2 Simulator-Introduction
ii. Simulate to Find the Number of Packets Dropped
iii. Simulate to Find the Number of Packets Dropped by TCP/UDP
iv. Simulate to Find the Number of Packets Dropped due to Congestion
v. Simulate to Compare Data Rate& Throughput.
vi. Simulate to Plot Congestion for Different Source/Destination
vii. Simulate to Determine the Performance with respect to transmission of
Packets
III CSE ,VITS,PDTR
Program – 1:Implement the data link layer framing methods such as character,
character-stuffing and bit stuffing in computer networks
Data Link Layer Framing methods:
Character Count Framing
Character Stuffing
Bit Stuffing
# Data Link Layer Framing Methods Implementation
A) def character_count_framing(data_list):
print("\n--- Character Count Framing ---")
frames = []
for data in data_list:
count = len(data) + 1 # +1 for the count byte itself
frame = f"{count}{data}"
frames.append(frame)
print(f"Original: {data} -> Framed: {frame}")
return frames
B) def character_stuffing(data_list, flag='F', esc='E'):
print("\n--- Character Stuffing ---")
stuffed_frames = []
for data in data_list:
stuffed_data = ''
for char in data:
if char == flag or char == esc:
stuffed_data += esc # add escape before flag or esc
stuffed_data += char
III CSE ,VITS,PDTR
frame = flag + stuffed_data + flag
stuffed_frames.append(frame)
print(f"Original: {data} -> Stuffed: {frame}")
return stuffed_frames
C) def bit_stuffing(data, flag='01111110'):
print("\n--- Bit Stuffing ---")
stuffed = ''
count = 0
for bit in data:
stuffed += bit
if bit == '1':
count += 1
if count == 5:
stuffed += '0'
count = 0
else:
count = 0
final_frame = flag + stuffed + flag
print(f"Original: {data} -> Stuffed: {final_frame}")
return final_frame
# Sample usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Sample data for character methods
character_data = ["Hello", "NetFwork", "DaEta"]
III CSE ,VITS,PDTR
# Sample binary data for bit stuffing
binary_data = "011111101111110111110"
# Apply all three methods
character_count_framing(character_data)
character_stuffing(character_data)
bit_stuffing(binary_data)
Explanation:
Character Count: Adds a count byte at the beginning of each frame.
Character Stuffing: Escapes special characters using an escape character.
Bit Stuffing: Inserts 0 after five consecutive 1s to avoid confusion with frame
delimiter (01111110).
Output :
--- Character Count Framing ---
Original: Hello -> Framed: 6Hello
Original: NetFwork -> Framed: 9NetFwork
Original: DaEta -> Framed: 6DaEta
--- Character Stuffing ---
Original: Hello -> Stuffed: FHelloF
Original: NetFwork -> Stuffed: FNetEFworkF
Original: DaEta -> Stuffed: FDaEEtaF
--- Bit Stuffing ---
Original: 011111101111110111110 -> Stuffed:
0111111001111100101111100111110010111110
III CSE ,VITS,PDTR
