Manchester United F.C.

Manchester United Football Club, commonly referred to as Man United (often stylised as Man Utd)
or simply United, is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England.
They compete in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. Nicknamed the Red Devils, they
were founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, but changed their name to Manchester
United in 1902, following financial restructuring led by five businessmen: John Henry Davies,
Algernon Egert Sr, Harry Stafford, J.J. Bentley, and A.H. Albut. After a spell playing in Clayton,
Manchester, the club moved to their current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910.

Domestically, Manchester United have won a joint-record twenty top-flight league titles, thirteen FA
Cups, six League Cups and a record twenty-one FA Community Shields. Additionally, in international
football, they have won the European Cup/UEFA Champions League three times, and the UEFA
Europa League, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, the UEFA Super Cup, the Intercontinental Cup and the
FIFA Club World Cup once each.[7][8] Appointed as manager in 1945, Matt Busby built a team with an
average age of just 22 nicknamed the Busby Babes that won successive league titles in the 1950s
and became the first English club to compete in the European Cup. Eight players were killed in the
Munich air disaster, but Busby rebuilt the team around star players George Best, Denis Law and
Bobby Charlton – known as the United Trinity. They won two more league titles before becoming the
first English club to win the European Cup in 1968.

After Busby's retirement, Manchester United were unable to produce sustained success until the
arrival of Alex Ferguson, who became the club's longest-serving and most successful manager,
winning 38 trophies including 13 league titles, five FA Cups and two Champions League titles
between 1986 and 2013.[9] In the 1998–99 season, under Ferguson, the club became the first in the
history of English football to achieve the continental treble of the Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA
Champions League.[10] In winning the UEFA Europa League under José Mourinho in 2016–17, they
became one of five clubs to have won the original three main UEFA club competitions (the
Champions League, Europa League and Cup Winners' Cup).

Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world[11][12] and have
rivalries with Liverpool, Manchester City, Arsenal and Leeds United. Manchester United was the
highest-earning football club in the world for 2016–17, with an annual revenue of €676.3 million,[13]
and the world's third-most-valuable football club in 2019, valued at £3.15 billion ($3.81 billion).[14]
After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the club was taken private in 2005 after
a purchase by American businessman Malcolm Glazer valued at almost £800 million, of which over
£500 million of borrowed money became the
Manchester United
club's debt.[15] From 2012, some shares of the
club were listed on the New York Stock Exchange,
although the Glazer family retains overall
ownership and control of the club.

History

Full name Manchester United

A chart showing the progress of
Football Club
Manchester United through the English
football league system, from joining as
Nickname(s) The Red Devils[1] ·
Newton Heath in 1892–93 to the present
United

Early years (1878–1945) Short name Man United[2][3]

Man Utd
Manchester United were formed in 1878 as
MUFC
Newton Heath LYR Football Club by the Carriage
and Wagon department of the Lancashire and Founded 1878

Yorkshire Railway (LYR) depot at Newton (as Newton Heath

LYR F.C.)
Heath.[16] The team initially played games against
24 April 1902
other departments and railway companies, but on
(as Manchester
20 November 1880, they competed in their first
United F.C.)
recorded match; wearing the colours of the
railway company – green and gold – they were Ground Old Trafford

defeated 6–0 by Bolton Wanderers' reserve

Capacity 74,310[4]
[17]
team. By 1888, the club had become a
founding member of The Combination, a regional Owner Manchester United
plc (71.06%)
football league. Following the league's dissolution
Ineos (28.94%)[5]
after only one season, Newton Heath joined the
newly formed Football Alliance, which ran for Co-chairmen Joel Glazer
three seasons before being merged with The Avram Glazer

Football League. This resulted in the club starting

Head coach Ruben Amorim[6]
the 1892–93 season in the First Division, by
which time it had become independent of the League Premier League

railway company and dropped the "LYR" from its

name.[16] After two seasons, the club was 2024–25 Premier League, 15th
[16]
relegated to the Second Division. of 20

Website www.manutd.com (ht

tps://www.manutd.co
m)

The Manchester United team at the start of

the 1905–06 season, in which they were
Home colours
runners-up in the Second Division

In January 1902, with debts of £2,670 –

equivalent to £370,000 in 2025[nb 1] – the club was served with a winding-up order.[18] Captain Harry
Stafford found five local businessmen, including Algernon Egert Sr, John Henry Davies (who became
club president), each willing to invest £500 in return for a direct interest in running the club and who
subsequently changed the name;[19] on 24 April 1902, Manchester United was officially born.[20][nb 2]
Under Ernest Mangnall, who assumed managerial duties in 1903, Manchester United finished as
Second Division runners-up in 1906 and secured promotion to the First Division, which they won in
1908 – the club's first league title. The following season began with victory in the first ever Charity
Shield[21] and ended with the club's first FA Cup title. Mangnall was considered a significant
influence behind the team's move to Old Trafford in 1910, and Manchester United won the First
Division for the second time in 1911.[22] At the end of the following season, however, Mangnall left
the club to join Manchester City.[23]

In 1922, three years after the resumption of football following the First World War, the club was
relegated to the Second Division, where it remained until regaining promotion in 1925. Relegated
again in 1931, Manchester United became a yo-yo club, achieving its all-time lowest position of 20th
place in the Second Division in 1934, under secretary-manager Scott Duncan, narrowly avoiding
relegation to the Third Division. Two years later, Duncan led the club to promotion before another
relegation followed in 1937, which led to his resignation in November of that year. Following the
death of principal benefactor John Henry Davies in October 1927, the club's finances deteriorated to
the extent that Manchester United would likely have gone bankrupt had it not been for James W.
Gibson, who, in December 1931, invested £2,000 and assumed control of the club.[24] In the 1938–
39 season, the last year of football before the Second World War, the club finished 14th in the First
Division.[24]

Busby years (1945–1969)

The Busby Babes in 1955. Manager Matt

Busby is pictured front right.

In October 1945, the impending resumption of football after the war led to the managerial
appointment of Matt Busby, who demanded an unprecedented level of control over team selection,
player transfers and training sessions.[25] Busby led the team to second-place league finishes in
1947, 1948 and 1949, and to FA Cup victory in 1948. In 1952, the club won the First Division, its first
league title for 41 years.[26] They then won back-to-back league titles in 1956 and 1957; the squad,
who had an average age of 22, were nicknamed "the Busby Babes" by the media, a testament to
Busby's faith in his youth players.[27] In 1957, Manchester United became the first English team to
compete in the European Cup, despite objections from The Football League, who had denied
Chelsea the same opportunity the previous season.[28] En route to the semi-final, which they lost to
Real Madrid, the team recorded a 10–0 victory over Belgian champions Anderlecht, which remains
the club's biggest victory on record.[29]

A plaque at Old Trafford in memory of

those who died in the Munich air disaster,
including players' names

The following season, on the way home from a European Cup quarter-final victory against Red Star
Belgrade, the aircraft carrying the Manchester United players, officials and journalists crashed while
attempting to take off after refuelling in Munich, Germany. The Munich air disaster of 6 February
1958 claimed 23 lives, including those of eight players – Geoff Bent, Roger Byrne, Eddie Colman,
Duncan Edwards, Mark Jones, David Pegg, Tommy Taylor and Billy Whelan – and injured several
more.[30][31]

The United Trinity statue of

George Best (left), Denis Law
(centre) and Bobby Charlton
(right) outside Old Trafford

Assistant manager Jimmy Murphy took over as manager while Busby recovered from his injuries
and the club's makeshift side reached the FA Cup final, which they lost to Bolton Wanderers. In
recognition of the team's tragedy, UEFA invited the club to compete in the 1958–59 European Cup
alongside eventual League champions Wolverhampton Wanderers. Despite approval from The
Football Association, The Football League determined that the club should not enter the
competition, since it had not qualified.[32][33] Busby rebuilt the team through the 1960s by signing
players such as Denis Law and Paddy Crerand, who combined with the next generation of youth
players – including George Best – to win the FA Cup in 1963. Busby rested several key players for
the League game before the Cup Final which gave Dennis Walker the chance to make his debut
against Nottingham Forest on 20 May. Walker thus became the first Black player to represent
United.[34] The following season, they finished second in the league, then won the title in 1965 and
1967. In 1968, Manchester United became the first English club to win the European Cup, beating
Benfica 4–1 in the final[35] with a team that contained three European Footballers of the Year: Bobby
Charlton, Denis Law and George Best.[36] They then represented Europe in the 1968 Intercontinental
Cup against Estudiantes of Argentina, but defeat in the first leg in Buenos Aires meant a 1–1 draw
at Old Trafford three weeks later was not enough to claim the title. Busby resigned as manager in
1969 before being replaced by the reserve team coach, former Manchester United player Wilf
McGuinness.[37]

1969–1986

Bryan Robson was the captain of

Manchester United for 12 years,
longer than any other player.[38]

Following an eighth-place finish in the 1969–70 season and a poor start to the 1970–71 season,
Busby was persuaded to temporarily resume managerial duties, and McGuinness returned to his
position as reserve team coach. In June 1971, Frank O'Farrell was appointed as manager, but lasted
less than 18 months before being replaced by Tommy Docherty in December 1972.[39] Docherty
saved Manchester United from relegation that season, only to see them relegated in 1974; by that
time the trio of Best, Law, and Charlton had left the club.[35] The team won promotion at the first
attempt and reached the FA Cup final in 1976, but were beaten by Southampton. They reached the
final again in 1977, beating Liverpool 2–1. Docherty was dismissed shortly afterwards, following the
revelation of his affair with the club physiotherapist's wife.[37][40]

Dave Sexton replaced Docherty as manager in the summer of 1977. Despite major signings,
including Joe Jordan, Gordon McQueen, Gary Bailey, and Ray Wilkins, the team failed to win any
trophies; they finished second in 1979–80 and lost to Arsenal in the 1979 FA Cup final. Sexton was
dismissed in 1981, even though the team won the last seven games under his direction.[41] He was
replaced by Ron Atkinson, who immediately broke the British record transfer fee to sign Bryan
Robson from his former club West Bromwich Albion. Under Atkinson, Manchester United won the FA
Cup in 1983 and 1985 and beat rivals Liverpool to win the 1983 Charity Shield. In 1985–86, after 13
wins and two draws in its first 15 matches, the club was favourite to win the league but finished in
fourth place. The following season, with the club in danger of relegation by November, Atkinson was
dismissed.[42]

Ferguson years (1986–2013)

Alex Ferguson managed the

team between 1986 and 2013.

Alex Ferguson and his assistant Archie Knox arrived from Aberdeen on the day of Atkinson's
dismissal,[43] and guided the club to an 11th-place finish in the league.[44] Despite a second-place
finish in 1987–88, the club was back in 11th place the following season.[45] Reportedly on the verge
of being dismissed, Ferguson's job was saved by victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup
final.[46][47] The following season, Manchester United claimed their first UEFA Cup Winners' Cup title.
That triumph allowed the club to compete in the European Super Cup for the first time, where United
beat European Cup holders Red Star Belgrade 1–0 at Old Trafford. The club appeared in two
consecutive League Cup finals in 1991 and 1992, beating Nottingham Forest 1–0 in the second to
win that competition for the first time as well.[42] In 1993, in the first season of the newly founded
Premier League, the club won their first league title since 1967, and a year later, for the first time
since 1957, they won a second consecutive title – alongside the FA Cup – to complete the first
"Double" in the club's history.[42] United then became the first English club to do the Double twice
when they won both competitions again in 1995–96,[48] before retaining the league title once more
in 1996–97 with a game to spare.[49]
 Front three: Manchester United's
treble medals of the 1998–99
season are displayed at the
club's museum.

In the 1998–99 season, Manchester United became the first team to win the Premier League, FA
Cup and UEFA Champions League – "The Treble" – in the same season.[50] Trailing 1–0 going into
injury time in the 1999 UEFA Champions League final, Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjær
scored late goals to claim a dramatic victory over Bayern Munich, in what is considered one of the
greatest comebacks of all time.[51] That summer, Ferguson received a knighthood for his services to
football.[52]

In November 1999, the club became the only British team to ever win the Intercontinental Cup with a
1–0 victory over the strong 1999 Copa Libertadores winners Palmeiras in Tokyo. The Red Devils
counted on an unexpected goalkeeper fail by future 2002 FIFA World Cup winner Marcos and a
disallowed goal scored by Alex to win the game.[53]

Ryan Giggs is the most

decorated player in English
football history.[54]

Manchester United won the league again in the 1999–2000 and 2000–01 seasons, becoming only
the fourth club to win the English title three times in a row. The team finished third in 2001–02,
before regaining the title in 2002–03.[55] They won the 2003–04 FA Cup, beating Millwall 3–0 in the
final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff to lift the trophy for a record 11th time.[56] In the 2005–06
season, Manchester United failed to qualify for the knockout phase of the UEFA Champions League
for the first time in over a decade,[57] but recovered to secure a second-place league finish and
victory over Wigan Athletic in the 2006 Football League Cup final. The club regained the Premier
League title in the 2006–07 season, before completing the European double in 2007–08 with a 6–5
penalty shoot-out victory over Chelsea in the 2008 UEFA Champions League final in Moscow to go
with their 17th English league title. Ryan Giggs made a record 759th appearance for the club in that
game, overtaking previous record holder Bobby Charlton.[58] In December 2008, the club became the
first British team to win the FIFA Club World Cup after beating LDU Quito 1–0 in the final.
Manchester United followed this with the 2008–09 Football League Cup, and its third successive
Premier League title.[59][60] That summer, forward Cristiano Ronaldo was sold to Real Madrid for a
world record £80 million.[61] In 2010, Manchester United defeated Aston Villa 2–1 at Wembley to
retain the League Cup, its first successful defence of a knockout cup competition.[62]

After finishing as runners-up to Chelsea in the 2009–10 season, United achieved a record 19th
league title in 2010–11, securing the championship with a 1–1 away draw against Blackburn Rovers
on 14 May 2011.[63] This was extended to 20 league titles in 2012–13, securing the championship
with a 3–0 home win against Aston Villa on 22 April 2013.[64]

Post-Ferguson decline (2013–present)

On 8 May 2013, Ferguson announced that he was to retire as manager at the end of the football
season, but would remain at the club as a director and club ambassador.[65][66] He retired as the
most decorated manager in football history.[67][68] The club announced the next day that Everton
manager David Moyes would replace him from 1 July, having signed a six-year contract.[69][70][71]
Ryan Giggs took over as interim player-manager 10 months later, on 22 April 2014, when Moyes was
sacked after a poor season in which the club failed to defend their Premier League title and failed to
qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1995–96.[72] They also failed to
qualify for the UEFA Europa League, the first time Manchester United had not qualified for a
European competition since 1990.[73] On 19 May 2014, it was confirmed that Louis van Gaal would
replace Moyes as Manchester United manager on a three-year deal, with Giggs as his assistant.[74]
Malcolm Glazer, the patriarch of the family that owns the club, died on 28 May 2014.[75]
 Wayne Rooney receiving an award for
becoming the club's record goalscorer
from previous record holder Sir Bobby
Charlton in January 2017

Under Van Gaal, United won a 12th FA Cup, but a disappointing slump in the middle of his second
season led to rumours of the board sounding out potential replacements.[76] Van Gaal was
ultimately sacked just two days after the cup final victory, with United having finished fifth in the
league.[77] Former Porto, Chelsea, Inter Milan and Real Madrid manager José Mourinho was
appointed in his place on 27 May 2016.[78] Mourinho signed a three-year contract, and in his first
season won the FA Community Shield, EFL Cup and UEFA Europa League. Wayne Rooney scored his
250th goal for United, a stoppage-time equaliser in a league game against Stoke City in January
2017, surpassing Sir Bobby Charlton as the club's all-time top scorer.[79] The following season,
United finished second in the league – their highest league placing since 2013 – but were still 19
points behind rivals Manchester City. Mourinho also guided the club to a 19th FA Cup final, but they
lost 1–0 to Chelsea. On 18 December 2018, with United in sixth place in the Premier League table,
19 points behind leaders Liverpool and 11 points outside the Champions League places, Mourinho
was sacked after 144 games in charge. The following day, former United striker Ole Gunnar Solskjær
was appointed as caretaker manager until the end of the season.[80] On 28 March 2019, after
winning 14 of his first 19 matches in charge, Solskjær was appointed permanent manager on a
three-year deal.[81]

On 18 April 2021, Manchester United announced they were joining 11 other European clubs as
founding members of the European Super League, a proposed 20-team competition intended to rival
the UEFA Champions League.[82] The announcement drew a significant backlash from supporters,
other clubs, media partners, sponsors, players and the UK Government, forcing the club to withdraw
just two days later.[83][84][85][86][87] The failure of the project led to the resignation of executive vice-
chairman Ed Woodward, while resultant protests against Woodward and the Glazer family led to a
pitch invasion ahead of a league match against Liverpool on 2 May 2021, which saw the first
postponement of a Premier League game due to supporter protests in the competition's
history.[88][89]
On the pitch, United equalled their own record for the biggest win in Premier League history with a
9–0 win over Southampton on 2 February 2021,[90] but ended the season with defeat on penalties in
the UEFA Europa League final against Villarreal, going four straight seasons without a trophy.[91] On
20 November 2021, Solskjær left his role as manager.[92] Former midfielder Michael Carrick took
charge for the next three games, before the appointment of Ralf Rangnick as interim manager until
the end of the season.[93]

On 21 April 2022, Erik ten Hag was appointed as the manager from the end of the 2021–22 season,
signing a contract until June 2025 with the option of extending for a further year.[94] Under Ten Hag,
Manchester United won the 2022–23 EFL Cup, defeating Newcastle United in the final to end their
longest period without a trophy since a six-year span between 1977 and 1983.[95][96] On 5 March
2023, the club suffered their joint-heaviest defeat, losing 7–0 to rivals Liverpool at Anfield.[97] At the
end of the following season, the club finished eighth in the Premier League, their lowest league
finish since the 1989–90 season, but went on to beat cross-city rivals Manchester City 2–1 in the FA
Cup final, to win their 13th FA Cup title.[98] On 28 October 2024, Manchester United sacked Erik ten
Hag after the club managed just three wins in the opening nine games of the Premier League
season.[99] On 1 November 2024, Manchester United announced that they would be appointing
Sporting CP boss Ruben Amorim as their new head coach from 11 November 2024.[100] On 21 May
2025, Manchester United lost the UEFA Europa League Final, losing 1–0 to Tottenham Hotspur.[101]
They finished 15th in the Premier League that season, their worst league campaign since their
relegation in 1973–74.[102]

Crest and colours

Manchester United badge in the 1960s

The club crest is derived from the Manchester City Council coat of arms, although all that remains
of it on the current crest is the ship in full sail.[103] The devil stems from the club's nickname "The
Red Devils" inspired from Salford Rugby Club;[104][105] it was included on club programmes and
scarves in the 1960s, and incorporated into the club crest in 1970, although the crest was not
included on the chest of the shirt until 1971.[103] In 1975, the red devil ("A devil facing the sinister
guardant supporting with both hands a trident gules") was granted as a heraldic badge by the College
of Arms to the English Football League for use by Manchester United.[106] In 2023, the Red Devil
motif alone, which had been used in promotional items and merchandise previously, was used as
the sole badge on the Manchester United third kit. The existing crest remains on the home and away
kits.

Newton Heath's uniform in 1879, four years before the club played its first competitive match, has
been documented as "white with blue cord".[107] A photograph of the Newton Heath team, taken in
1892, is believed to show the players wearing red-and-white quartered jerseys and navy blue
knickerbockers.[108] Between 1894 and 1896, the players wore green and gold jerseys[108] which
were replaced in 1896 by white shirts, which were worn with navy blue shorts.[108]

After the name change in 1902, the club colours were changed to red shirts, white shorts, and black
socks, which has become the standard Manchester United home kit.[108] Very few changes were
made to the kit until 1922 when the club adopted white shirts bearing a deep red "V" around the
neck, similar to the shirt worn in the 1909 FA Cup final. They remained part of their home kits until
1927.[108] For a period in 1934, the cherry and white hooped change shirt became the home colours,
but the following season the red shirt was recalled after the club's lowest ever league placing of
20th in the Second Division and the hooped shirt dropped back to being the change.[108]

The black socks were changed to white from 1959 to 1965, where they were replaced with red
socks up until 1971 with white used on occasion, when the club reverted to black. Black shorts and
white socks are sometimes worn with the home strip, most often in away games, if there is a clash
with the opponent's kit. For 2018–19, black shorts and red socks became the primary choice for the
home kit.[109] Since 1997–98, white socks have been the preferred choice for European games,
which are typically played on weeknights, to aid with player visibility.[110] The current home kit is a
red shirt with Adidas' trademark three stripes in red on the shoulders, white shorts, and black
socks.[111]

The Manchester United away strip has often been a white shirt, black shorts and white socks, but
there have been several exceptions. These include an all-black strip with blue and gold trimmings
between 1993 and 1995, the navy blue shirt with silver horizontal pinstripes worn during the 1999–
2000 season,[112] and the 2011–12 away kit, which had a royal blue body and sleeves with hoops
made of small midnight navy blue and black stripes, with black shorts and blue socks.[113] An all-
grey away kit worn during the 1995–96 season was dropped after just five games; in its final outing
against Southampton, Alex Ferguson instructed the team to change into the third kit during half-
time. The reason for dropping it being that the players claimed to have trouble finding their
teammates against the crowd, United failed to win a competitive game in the kit in five attempts.[114]
In 2001, to celebrate 100 years as "Manchester United", a reversible white and gold away kit was
released, although the actual match day shirts were not reversible.[115] Since 2016, the team has
experimented with various colors and design, going away from the traditional white.

The club's third kit was traditionally all-blue; this was most recently the case during the 2014–15
season.[116] Exceptions include a green-and-gold halved shirt worn between 1992 and 1994, a blue-
and-white striped shirt worn during the 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons and once in 1996–97, an all-
black kit worn during the Treble-winning 1998–99 season, and a white shirt with black-and-red
horizontal pinstripes worn between 2003–04 and 2005–06.[117] From 2006–07 to 2013–14, the
third kit was the previous season's away kit, albeit updated with the new club sponsor in 2006–07
and 2010–11, apart from the 2008–09 season, when an all-blue kit was launched to mark the 40th
anniversary of the 1967–68 European Cup success.[118]

Grounds

United's current ground, Old Trafford, after its expansion in 2006

1878–1893: North Road

Newton Heath initially played on a field on North Road, close to the railway yard; the original
capacity was about 12,000, but club officials deemed the facilities inadequate for a club hoping to
join The Football League.[119] Some expansion took place in 1887, and in 1891, Newton Heath used
its minimal financial reserves to purchase two grandstands, each able to hold 1,000 spectators.[120]
Although attendances were not recorded for many of the earliest matches at North Road, the
highest documented attendance was approximately 15,000 for a First Division match against
Sunderland on 4 March 1893.[121] A similar attendance was also recorded for a friendly match
against Gorton Villa on 5 September 1889.[122]
1893–1910: Bank Street

In June 1893, after the club was evicted from North Road by its owners, Manchester Deans and
Canons, who felt it was inappropriate for the club to charge an entry fee to the ground, secretary A.
H. Albut procured the use of the Bank Street ground in Clayton.[123] It initially had no stands, by the
start of the 1893–94 season, two had been built; one spanning the full length of the pitch on one
side and the other behind the goal at the "Bradford end". At the opposite end, the "Clayton end", the
ground had been "built up, thousands thus being provided for".[123] Newton Heath's first league
match at Bank Street was played against Burnley on 1 September 1893, when 10,000 people saw Alf
Farman score a hat-trick, Newton Heath's only goals in a 3–2 win. The remaining stands were
completed for the following league game against Nottingham Forest three weeks later.[123] In
October 1895, before the visit of Manchester City, the club purchased a 2,000-capacity stand from
the Broughton Rangers rugby league club, and put up another stand on the "reserved side" (as
distinct from the "popular side"); however, weather restricted the attendance for the Manchester City
match to just 12,000.[124]

When the Bank Street ground was temporarily closed by bailiffs in 1902, club captain Harry Stafford
raised enough money to pay for the club's next away game at Bristol City and found a temporary
ground at Harpurhey for the next reserves game against Padiham.[125] Following financial
investment, new club president John Henry Davies paid £500 for the erection of a new 1,000-seat
stand at Bank Street.[126] Within four years, the stadium had cover on all four sides, as well as the
ability to hold approximately 50,000 spectators, some of whom could watch from the viewing
gallery atop the Main Stand.[126]

1910–present: Old Trafford

Following Manchester United's first league title in 1908 and the FA Cup a year later, it was decided
that Bank Street was too restrictive for Davies' ambition;[126] in February 1909, six weeks before the
club's first FA Cup title, Old Trafford was named as the home of Manchester United, following the
purchase of land for around £60,000. Architect Archibald Leitch was given a budget of £30,000 for
construction; original plans called for seating capacity of 100,000, though budget constraints forced
a revision to 77,000.[127][128] The building was constructed by Messrs Brameld and Smith of
Manchester. The stadium's record attendance was registered on 25 March 1939, when an FA Cup
semi-final between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Grimsby Town drew 76,962 spectators.[129]

Bombing in the Second World War destroyed much of the stadium; the central tunnel in the South
Stand was all that remained of that quarter. After the war, the club received compensation from the
War Damage Commission in the amount of £22,278. While reconstruction took place, the team
played its "home" games at Manchester City's Maine Road ground; Manchester United was charged
£5,000 per year, plus a nominal percentage of gate receipts.[130] Later improvements included the
addition of roofs, first to the Stretford End and then to the North and East Stands. The roofs were
supported by pillars that obstructed many fans' views, and they were eventually replaced with a
cantilevered structure. The Stretford End was the last stand to receive a cantilevered roof,
completed in time for the 1993–94 season.[37] First used on 25 March 1957 and costing £40,000,
four 180-foot (55 m) pylons were erected, each housing 54 individual floodlights. These were
dismantled in 1987 and replaced by a lighting system embedded in the roof of each stand, which
remains in use today.[131]

The Taylor Report's requirement for an all-seater stadium lowered capacity at Old Trafford to around
44,000 by 1993. In 1995, the North Stand was redeveloped into three tiers, restoring capacity to
approximately 55,000. At the end of the 1998–99 season, second tiers were added to the East and
West Stands, raising capacity to around 67,000, and between July 2005 and May 2006, 8,000 more
seats were added via second tiers in the north-west and north-east quadrants. Part of the new
seating was used for the first time on 26 March 2006, when an attendance of 69,070 became a new
Premier League record.[132] The record was pushed steadily upwards before reaching its peak on 31
March 2007, when 76,098 spectators saw Manchester United beat Blackburn Rovers 4–1, with just
114 seats (0.15 per cent of the total capacity of 76,212) unoccupied.[133] In 2009, reorganisation of
the seating resulted in a reduction of capacity by 255 to 75,957.[134][135] Manchester United has the
second highest average attendance among European football clubs, behind only Borussia
Dortmund.[136][137][138]

Proposed new ground

In 2021, United co-chairman Joel Glazer said that "early-stage planning work" for the redevelopment
of Old Trafford was underway. This followed "increasing criticism" over the lack of development of
the ground since 2006.[139] After the club's takeover by Sir Jim Ratcliffe in 2024, it emerged that
plans were being made for the construction of a new, 100,000-capacity stadium near Old Trafford
and that the current stadium would be downsized to serve as the home for the women's team and
the club's academy.[140] In November 2024, it was revealed that the majority of fans surveyed are in
favour of a new-build rather than redevelopment.[141]

On 11 March 2025, the club announced that it had retained Foster and Partners to construct a new,
100,000-capacity stadium adjacent to Old Trafford.[142] The new stadium is under consideration as a
host venue for the 2035 FIFA Women's World Cup.[143]
Support

Anthem of Manchester United FC

3:01

Average Old Trafford Manchester United

attendance, 1949–2009

Manchester United is one of the most popular football clubs in the world, with one of the highest
average home attendances in Europe.[144] The club states that its worldwide fan base includes more
than 200 officially recognised branches of the Manchester United Supporters Club (MUSC), in at
least 24 countries.[145] The club takes advantage of this support through its worldwide summer
tours. Accountancy firm and sports industry consultants Deloitte estimate that Manchester United
has 75 million fans worldwide.[11] The club has the third highest social media following in the world
among sports teams (after Barcelona and Real Madrid), with over 82 million Facebook followers as
of July 2023.[12][146] A 2014 study showed that Manchester United had the loudest fans in the
Premier League.[147]

Supporters are represented by two independent bodies; the Independent Manchester United
Supporters' Association (IMUSA), which maintains close links to the club through the MUFC Fans
Forum,[148] and the Manchester United Supporters' Trust (MUST). After the Glazer family's takeover
in 2005, a group of fans formed a splinter club, F.C. United of Manchester. The West Stand of Old
Trafford – the "Stretford End" – is the home end and the traditional source of the club's most vocal
support.[149]

Rivalries

Manchester United has high-profile rivalries with Liverpool and local neighbours Manchester City.
The club has also had rivalries throughout its history with the likes of Arsenal, Leeds United and
Chelsea.[150][151]
 Liverpool v Manchester United at Old
Trafford on 14 March 2009

The matches against Manchester City are known as the Manchester derby, as they are the two most
important teams in the city of Manchester. It is considered one of the biggest local derbies in British
football,[152] particularly after City's rise to prominence in the 2010s and the two clubs fighting for
trophies, such as the league title in 2012 and 2013, as well as two consecutive FA Cup finals in 2023
and 2024.[153]

The rivalry with Liverpool is rooted in competition between the cities during the Industrial
Revolution, when Manchester was famous for its textile industry while Liverpool was a major
port.[154] The two clubs are the most successful in the history of English football; between them they
have won 40 league titles, 9 European Cups, 21 FA Cups, 16 League Cups, 4 UEFA Cup/Europa
Leagues, 2 FIFA Club World Cups, 1 Intercontinental Cup, 37 FA Community Shields and 5 UEFA
Super Cups.[7][155][156] Ranked the two biggest clubs in England by France Football magazine based
on metrics such as fanbase and historical importance,[157] matches between Manchester United
and Liverpool are considered to be the most famous fixture in English football and one of the
biggest rivalries in the football world.[158][159][160][161] No player has been transferred between the
clubs since 1964.[162] Former Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson said in 2002, "My greatest
challenge was knocking Liverpool right off their fucking perch".[163]

The "Roses Rivalry" with Leeds stems from the Wars of the Roses, fought between the House of
Lancaster and the House of York, with Manchester United representing Lancashire and Leeds
representing Yorkshire.[164]

The rivalry with Arsenal arose from the numerous times the two teams battled for the Premier
League title, especially under managers Alex Ferguson and Arsène Wenger, who also had a heated
personal rivalry.[165] With 33 titles between them (20 for Manchester United, 13 for Arsenal), the
fixture has been described as a "blockbuster" and the "greatest" rivalry in the history of the Premier
League.[166][167]
Global brand

Manchester United has been described as a global brand; a 2011 report by Brand Finance, valued
the club's trademarks and associated intellectual property at £412 million – an increase of
£39 million on the previous year, valuing it at £11 million more than the second best brand, Real
Madrid – and gave the brand a strength rating of AAA (Extremely Strong).[168] In July 2012,
Manchester United was ranked first by Forbes magazine in its list of the ten most valuable sports
team brands, valuing the Manchester United brand at $2.23 billion.[169] The club is ranked third in the
Deloitte Football Money League (behind Real Madrid and Barcelona).[170] In January 2013, the club
became the first sports team in the world to be valued at $3 billion.[171] Forbes magazine valued the
club at $3.3 billion – $1.2 billion higher than the next most valuable sports team.[171] They were
overtaken by Real Madrid for the next four years, but Manchester United returned to the top of the
Forbes list in June 2017, with a valuation of $3.689 billion.[172]

An official partner of the club, Turkish

Airlines, in Manchester United livery

The core strength of Manchester United's global brand is often attributed to Matt Busby's rebuilding
of the team and subsequent success following the Munich air disaster, which drew worldwide
acclaim.[149] The "iconic" team included Bobby Charlton and Nobby Stiles (members of England's
World Cup winning team), Denis Law and George Best. The attacking style of play adopted by this
team (in contrast to the defensive-minded "catenaccio" approach favoured by the leading Italian
teams of the era) "captured the imagination of the English footballing public".[173] Busby's team also
became associated with the liberalisation of Western society during the 1960s; George Best, known
as the "Fifth Beatle" for his iconic haircut, was the first footballer to significantly develop an off-the-
field media profile.[173]

As the second English football club to float on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the club raised
significant capital, with which it further developed its commercial strategy. The club's focus on
commercial and sporting success brought significant profits in an industry often characterised by
chronic losses.[174] The strength of the Manchester United brand was bolstered by intense off-the-
field media attention to individual players, most notably David Beckham (who quickly developed his
own global brand). This attention often generates greater interest in on-the-field activities, and
hence generates sponsorship opportunities – the value of which is driven by television
exposure.[175] During his time with the club, Beckham's popularity across Asia was integral to the
club's commercial success in that part of the world.[176]

Because higher league placement results in a greater share of television rights, success on the field
generates greater income for the club. Since the inception of the Premier League, Manchester
United has received the largest share of the revenue generated from the BSkyB broadcasting
deal.[177] Manchester United has also consistently enjoyed the highest commercial income of any
English club; in 2005–06, the club's commercial arm generated £51 million, compared to
£42.5 million at Chelsea, £39.3 million at Liverpool, £34 million at Arsenal and £27.9 million at
Newcastle United. A key sponsorship relationship was with sportswear company Nike, who
managed the club's merchandising operation as part of a £303 million 13-year partnership between
2002 and 2015.[178] Through Manchester United Finance and the club's membership scheme, One
United, those with an affinity for the club can purchase a range of branded goods and services.
Additionally, Manchester United-branded media services – such as the club's dedicated television
channel, MUTV – have allowed the club to expand its fan base to those beyond the reach of its Old
Trafford stadium.[11]

Sponsorship

In an initial five-year deal worth £500,000, Sharp Electronics became the club's first shirt sponsor at
the beginning of the 1982–83 season, a relationship that lasted until the end of the 1999–2000
season, when Vodafone agreed a four-year, £30 million deal.[180] Vodafone agreed to pay £36 million
to extend the deal by four years, but after two seasons triggered a break clause in order to
concentrate on its sponsorship of the Champions League.[180]

To commence at the start of the 2006–07 season, American insurance corporation AIG agreed a
four-year £56.5 million deal which in September 2006 became the most valuable in the
world.[181][182] At the beginning of the 2010–11 season, American reinsurance company Aon
became the club's principal sponsor in a four-year deal reputed to be worth approximately
£80 million, making it the most lucrative shirt sponsorship deal in football history.[183] Manchester
United announced their first training kit sponsor in August 2011, agreeing a four-year deal with DHL
reported to be worth £40 million; it is believed to be the first instance of training kit sponsorship in
English football.[184][185] The DHL contract lasted for over a year before the club bought back the
contract in October 2012, although they remained the club's official logistics partner.[186] The
co
Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor (chest) Shirt sponsor (sleeve) Shirt sponsor (back)
ntr
1945–1975 Umbro
ac
1975–1980 Admiral —
t
1980–1982
for Adidas
1982–1992
th
Sharp Electronics[179]
e 1992–2000
Umbro
tra 2000–2002 —
Vodafone[179]
ini 2002–2006
—
ng 2006–2010 AIG[179]
Nike
kit 2010–2014 Aon[179]
sp 2014–2015
on 2015–2018 Chevrolet[179]
so
2018–2021
rs Kohler
2021–2022 Adidas
hi TeamViewer
2022–2024
p DXC Technology
2024– Snapdragon Microsoft Copilot+ PC (League Cup)
wa
s
then sold to Aon in April 2013 for a deal worth £180 million over eight years, which also included
purchasing the naming rights for the Trafford Training Centre.[187]

The club's first kit manufacturer was Umbro, until a five-year deal was agreed with Admiral
Sportswear in 1975.[188] Adidas won the contract in 1980,[189] before Umbro started a second spell
in 1992.[190] That sponsorship lasted for ten years, followed by Nike's record-breaking £302.9 million
deal, which lasted until 2015; 3.8 million replica shirts were sold in the first 22 months with the
company.[191][192] In addition to Nike and Chevrolet, the club also has several lower-level "platinum"
sponsors, including Aon and Budweiser.[193]

On 30 July 2012, United signed a seven-year deal with American automotive corporation General
Motors, which replaced Aon as the shirt sponsor from the 2014–15 season. The new $80m-a-year
shirt deal is worth $559m over seven years and features the logo of General Motors brand
Chevrolet.[194][195] Nike announced that they would not renew their kit supply deal with Manchester
United after the 2014–15 season, citing rising costs.[196][197] Since the start of the 2015–16 season,
Adidas has manufactured Manchester United's kit as part of a world-record 10-year deal worth a
minimum of £750 million.[198][199] Plumbing products manufacturer Kohler became the club's first
sleeve sponsor ahead of the 2018–19 season.[200] Manchester United and General Motors did not
renew their sponsorship deal, and the club subsequently signed a five-year, £235 million
sponsorship deal with TeamViewer ahead of the 2021–22 season.[201] At the end of the 2023–24
season, TeamViewer were replaced by Snapdragon, who agreed a deal worth more than £60 million
a year to take over as the club's main sponsor.[202] In August 2024, Snapdragon's parent company
Qualcomm triggered an option to extend the deal by two years, taking it through to 2029.[203]

Ownership and finances

Originally funded by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company, the club became a limited
company in 1892 and sold shares to local supporters for £1 via an application form.[19] In 1902,
majority ownership passed to the four local businessmen who invested £500 to save the club from
bankruptcy, including future club president John Henry Davies.[19] After his death in 1927, the club
faced bankruptcy yet again, but was saved in December 1931 by James W. Gibson, who assumed
control of the club after an investment of £2,000.[24] Gibson promoted his son, Alan, to the board in
1948,[204] but died three years later; the Gibson family retained ownership of the club through
James' wife, Lillian,[205] but the position of chairman passed to former player Harold Hardman.[206]

Promoted to the board a few days after the Munich air disaster, Louis Edwards, a friend of Matt
Busby, began acquiring shares in the club; for an investment of approximately £40,000, he
accumulated a 54 per cent shareholding and took control in January 1964.[207] When Lillian Gibson
died in January 1971, her shares passed to Alan Gibson who sold a percentage of his shares to
Louis Edwards' son, Martin, in 1978; Martin Edwards went on to become chairman upon his father's
death in 1980.[208] Media tycoon Robert Maxwell attempted to buy the club in 1984, but did not meet
Edwards' asking price.[208] In 1989, chairman Martin Edwards attempted to sell the club to Michael
Knighton for £20 million, but the sale fell through and Knighton joined the board of directors
instead.[208]

Manchester United was floated on the stock market in June 1991 (raising £6.7 million),[209] and
received yet another takeover bid in 1998, this time from Rupert Murdoch's British Sky Broadcasting
Corporation. This resulted in the formation of Shareholders United Against Murdoch – now the
Manchester United Supporters' Trust – who encouraged supporters to buy shares in the club in an
attempt to block any hostile takeover. The Manchester United board accepted a £623 million
offer,[210] but the takeover was blocked by the Monopolies and Mergers Commission at the final
hurdle in April 1999.[211] A few years later, a power struggle emerged between the club's manager,
Alex Ferguson, and his horse-racing partners, John Magnier and J. P. McManus, who had gradually
become the majority shareholders. In a dispute that stemmed from contested ownership of the
horse Rock of Gibraltar, Magnier and McManus attempted to have Ferguson removed from his
position as manager, and the board responded by approaching investors to attempt to reduce the
Irishmen's majority.[212]

Glazer ownership

In May 2005, Malcolm Glazer purchased the 28.7 per cent stake held by McManus and Magnier,
thus acquiring a controlling interest through his investment vehicle Red Football Ltd in a highly
leveraged takeover valuing the club at approximately £800 million (then approx. $1.5 billion).[213]
Once the purchase was complete, the club was taken off the stock exchange.[214] Much of the
takeover money was borrowed by the Glazers; the debts were transferred to the club. As a result, the
club went from being debt-free to being saddled with debts of £540 million, at interest rates of
between 7% and 20%.[15][215][216]

In July 2006, the club announced a £660 million debt refinancing package, resulting in a 30 per cent
reduction in annual interest payments to £62 million a year.[217][218] In January 2010, with debts of
£716.5 million ($1.17 billion),[219] Manchester United further refinanced through a bond issue worth
£504 million, enabling them to pay off most of the £509 million owed to international banks.[220] The
annual interest payable on the bonds – which were to mature on 1 February 2017 – is approximately
£45 million per annum.[221] Despite restructuring, the club's debt prompted protests from fans on 23
January 2010, at Old Trafford and the club's Trafford Training Centre.[222][223] Supporter groups
encouraged match-going fans to wear green and gold, the colours of Newton Heath. On 30 January,
reports emerged that the Manchester United Supporters' Trust had held meetings with a group of
wealthy fans, dubbed the "Red Knights", with plans to buying out the Glazers' controlling interest.[224]
The club's debts reached a high of £777 million in June 2007.[225]

In August 2011, the Glazers were believed to have approached Credit Suisse in preparation for a
$1 billion (approx. £600 million) initial public offering (IPO) on the Singapore stock exchange that
would value the club at more than £2 billion;[226] however, in July 2012, the club announced plans to
list its IPO on the New York Stock Exchange instead.[227] Shares were originally set to go on sale for
between $16 and $20 each, but the price was cut to $14 by the launch of the IPO on 10 August,
following negative comments from Wall Street analysts and Facebook's disappointing stock market
debut in May. Even after the cut, Manchester United was valued at $2.3 billion, making it the most
valuable football club in the world.[228]

The New York Stock Exchange allows for different shareholders to enjoy different voting rights over
the club. Shares offered to the public ("Class A") had 10 times lesser voting rights than shares
retained by the Glazers ("Class B").[229] Initially in 2012, only 10% of shares were offered to the
public.[230] As of 2019, the Glazers retain ultimate control over the club, with over 70% of shares, and
even higher voting power.[231]

In 2012, The Guardian estimated that the club had paid a total of over £500 million in debt interest
and other fees on behalf of the Glazers,[232] and in 2019, reported that the total sum paid by the club
for such fees had risen to £1 billion.[216] At the end of 2019, the club had a net debt of nearly
£400 million.[233]

In 2023, the Glazers began soliciting bids for the sale of the club, and several bids were received. Sir
Jim Ratcliffe, who owns Ineos, and Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani, a Qatari sheikh, were the
only bidders who had publicly declared their interest in a controlling share of the club.[234] In March
2023, Finnish entrepreneur Thomas Zilliacus also made his interest in Manchester United public.[235]

On 24 December 2023, it was announced that Ratcliffe had purchased 25 per cent of Manchester
United, and that his Ineos Sport company was taking control of football operations.[236] Ratcliffe's
shareholdings increased to 28.94% in December 2024. The Glazers remain as majority
shareholders.[237]

Players

First-team squad

As of 1 June 2025[238]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may

hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player No. Pos. Nation Player

1 GK TUR Altay Bayındır 18 MF BRA Casemiro

3 DF MAR Noussair Mazraoui 20 DF POR Diogo Dalot

4 DF NED Matthijs de Ligt 22 GK ENG Tom Heaton

5 DF ENG Harry Maguire 23 DF ENG Luke Shaw

6 DF ARG Lisandro Martínez 24 GK CMR André Onana

7 MF ENG Mason Mount 25 MF URU Manuel Ugarte

8 MF POR Bruno Fernandes (captain) 26 DF ENG Ayden Heaven

9 FW DEN Rasmus Højlund 37 MF ENG Kobbie Mainoo

11 FW NED Joshua Zirkzee 41 DF ENG Harry Amass

13 DF DEN Patrick Dorgu 43 MF ENG Toby Collyer

15 DF FRA Leny Yoro 55 DF ENG Tyler Fredricson

16 MF CIV Amad Diallo 56 FW DEN Chido Obi

17 FW ARG Alejandro Garnacho — FW BRA Matheus Cunha

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may

hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player No. Pos. Nation Player

Marcus Rashford (at Aston Villa Ethan Wheatley (at Walsall until
10 FW ENG 36 FW ENG
until 30 June 2025)[239] 30 June 2025)[242]

Tyrell Malacia (at PSV Eindhoven Dan Gore (at Rotherham until 30
12 DF NED [240]
44 MF ENG
until 30 June 2025) June 2025)[243]

Antony (at Real Betis until 30 June Jadon Sancho (at Chelsea until
21 FW BRA [241]
— FW ENG
2025) 30 June 2025)[244]

Under-21s and Academy

As of 4 February 2025[245][246]

List of under-21s and academy players with articles

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may
hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player No. Pos. Nation Player

42 MF MLI Sékou Koné 64 MF IRL Jack Moorhouse

45 GK ENG Dermot Mee 66 DF ENG Habeeb Ogunneye

50 GK ENG Elyh Harrison 75 MF ENG Jayce Fitzgerald

57 MF ENG Jack Fletcher 80 DF ENG Jaydan Kamason

63 MF GIB James Scanlon 87 DF ENG Godwill Kukonki

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may

hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player No. Pos. Nation Player

Radek Vítek (at Blau-Weiß Linz Louis Jackson (at Tranmere Rovers
40 GK CZE [247]
54 DF SCO
until 30 June 2025) until 30 June 2025)[251]

Ethan Ennis (at Doncaster Rovers Sonny Aljofree (at Accrington

49 FW ENG [248]
60 DF ENG
until 30 June 2025) Stanley until 30 June 2025)[252]

Rhys Bennett (at Fleetwood Ethan Williams (at Cheltenham

51 DF ENG [249]
73 FW ENG
Town until 30 June 2025) Town until 30 June 2025)[253]

Joe Hugill (at Carlisle United until

52 FW ENG
30 June 2025)[250]

Sam Mather (at Tranmere Rovers

53 MF ENG
until 30 June 2025)[251]

Player of the Year awards

Team First team U21s[a] U18s

Sir Matt Busby Player of Players' Player of Denzil Haroun Reserve Team Jimmy Murphy Young
Award
the Year the Year Player of the Year Player of the Year

Inaugurated 1987–88 2005–06 1989–90 1989–90

Holder Bruno Bruno

[254] [255]
Tyler Fredricson[256] Harry Amass[257]
(2024–25) Fernandes Fernandes
 a. U-23s (2016–2022)

Coaching staff

Ruben Amorim is the head coach of

Manchester United.
 Position Staff

Head coach Ruben Amorim[258]

Assistant head coach Carlos Fernandes[259]

Adélio Cândido
First-team coaches Emanuel Ferro
Darren Fletcher

Goalkeeping coach Jorge Vital

Assistant goalkeeping coach Craig Mawson[260]

Head of sports medicine Gary O'Driscoll[261]

Senior first-team doctor Jim Moxon

Head physiotherapist Jordan Reece

Ibrahim Kerem
First-team physiotherapists
Andy Walling

Abner Bruzzichessi
First-team sports therapists Alan Watmough
Andy Caveney

Head of physical performance Ed Leng[262]

Physical performance coach Paulo Barreira

Charlie Owen
Fitness coaches
Paulo Gaudino[263]

First-team strength and power coach Michael Clegg[264]

First-team sports scientist Michael Eglon

Director of academy Nick Cox[265]

Head of player development & coaching (U19–U23)

Travis Binnion[266]
Under-21s lead coach

Under-18s lead coach Adam Lawrence[266]

Senior academy coach Mark Dempsey[266]

Managerial history

Dates[267] Name Notes

1878–1892 Unknown

1892–1900 A. H. Albut

1900–1903 James West

1903–1912 Ernest Mangnall

1912–1914 John Bentley

1914–1921 Jack Robson

1921–1926 John Chapman

1926–1927 Lal Hilditch Player-manager

1927–1931 Herbert Bamlett

1931–1932 Walter Crickmer

1932–1937 Scott Duncan

1937–1945 Walter Crickmer

1945–1969 Matt Busby

1958 Jimmy Murphy Caretaker manager

1969–1970 Wilf McGuinness

1970–1971 Matt Busby

1971–1972 Frank O'Farrell

1972–1977 Tommy Docherty

1977–1981 Dave Sexton

1981–1986 Ron Atkinson

1986–2013 Alex Ferguson

2013–2014 David Moyes

2014 Ryan Giggs Caretaker player-manager

2014–2016 Louis van Gaal

2016–2018 José Mourinho

[nb 3]
2018–2021 Ole Gunnar Solskjær

2021 Michael Carrick Caretaker manager

2021–2022 Ralf Rangnick Interim manager

2022–2024 Erik ten Hag

2024 Ruud van Nistelrooy Interim manager

2024– Ruben Amorim

Management

Ownership

Person / People Associated company Shares Ref.

Glazer Family Red Football Shareholder Limited 63.3%

[268]

Sir Jim Ratcliffe Ineos 28.94%

Manchester United plc

Position Name[269][270]

Avram Glazer
Executive co-chairmen
Joel Glazer

Chief executive officer Omar Berrada

Chief operating officer Collette Roche[271]

Chief financial officer Roger Bell

Chief communications officer Toby Craig

Chief business officer Marc Armstrong

General counsel Martin Mosley

Chief of international football relations Jean-Claude Blanc

Avram Glazer
Joel Glazer
Kevin Glazer
Bryan Glazer
Directors
Darcie Glazer Kassewitz
Edward Glazer
John Reece
Rob Nevin

Robert Leitão
Independent directors
John Hooks
Manchester United Football Club

Office Name

Life president Martin Edwards[272]

Omar Berrada
Dave Brailsford
Directors Michael Edelson
Alex Ferguson[273]
David Gill

Director of football Jason Wilcox[274]

Director of recruitment Christopher Vivell[275]

Director of football negotiations Matt Hargreaves

Director of performance Sam Erith[276]

Club secretary Rebecca Britain[277]

Honours

Winner's and runners'-up medals from

Manchester United's UEFA Champions
League final appearances in 2008, 2009
and 2011

Trophies won by Manchester United on

display in the club museum

Manchester United is one of the most successful clubs in Europe in terms of trophies won.[278] The
club's first trophy was the Manchester Cup, which they won as Newton Heath LYR in 1886.[279] In
1908, the club won their first league title, and won the FA Cup for the first time the following year.
Since then, they have gone on to win a joint-record 20 top-division titles – including a record 13
Premier League titles – and their total of 13 FA Cups is second only to Arsenal (14). Those titles
have meant the club has appeared a record 30 times in the FA Community Shield (formerly the FA
Charity Shield), which is played at the start of each season between the winners of the league and
FA Cup from the previous season; of those 30 appearances, Manchester United have won a record
21, including four times when the match was drawn and the trophy shared by the two clubs.

The club had a successful period under the management of Matt Busby, starting with the FA Cup in
1948 and culminating with becoming the first English club to win the European Cup in 1968, winning
five league titles and two FA Cups in the intervening years. The club's most successful decade,
however, came in the 1990s under Alex Ferguson; five league titles, four FA Cups, one League Cup,
five Charity Shields (one shared), one UEFA Champions League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one
UEFA Super Cup and one Intercontinental Cup. The club has won the Double (winning the Premier
League and FA Cup in the same season) three times; the second in 1995–96 saw them become the
first club to do so twice, and it became referred to as the "Double Double".[280] United became the
sole British club to win the Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and are one of only three British clubs to
have won the FIFA Club World Cup, in 2008. In 1999, United became the first English club to win the
Treble.[50] In 2017, United won the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League, beating Ajax in the final. In
winning that title, United became the fifth club to have won the "European Treble" of European
Cup/UEFA Champions League, Cup Winners' Cup, and UEFA Cup/Europa League after Juventus,
Ajax, Bayern Munich and Chelsea.[281][282]

The club's most recent trophy is the 2023–24 FA Cup.[283]

Manchester United's honours

Type Competition Titles Seasons

1907–08, 1910–11, 1951–52, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1964–65,

First Division/Premier s
1966–67, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99,
[nb 4]
20
League 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09,
2010–11, 2012–13

Second Division[nb 4] 2 1935–36, 1974–75

1908–09, 1947–48, 1962–63, 1976–77, 1982–83, 1984–85,

Domestic FA Cup 13 1989–90, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2003–04, 2015–16,
2023–24

Football League Cup/EFL

6 1991–92, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2016–17, 2022–23
Cup

1908, 1911, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1965*, 1967*, 1977*, 1983, 1990*,
FA Charity Shield/FA
21 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016
Community Shield
(* shared)

European Cup/UEFA
3 1967–68, 1998–99, 2007–08
Champions League

European Cup Winners'

Continental 1 1990–91
Cup

UEFA Europa League 1 2016–17

UEFA Super Cup 1 1991

FIFA Club World Cup 1 2008

Worldwide
Intercontinental Cup 1 1999

record

s
shared record

Doubles and Trebles

Doubles
League and FA Cup (3): 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99

League and UEFA Champions League (2): 1998–99, 2007–08

League and EFL Cup (1): 2008–09

EFL Cup and UEFA Europa League (1): 2016–17

Trebles
League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League (1): 1998–99
Short competitions, comprising a single or two games – such as the FA Charity/Community Shield,
Intercontinental Cup (now defunct), FIFA Club World Cup or UEFA Super Cup – are not generally
considered to contribute towards a Double or Treble.[284]

Manchester United Women

Manchester United Supporters Club Ladies began operations in the late 1970s and was unofficially
recognised as the club's senior women's team. They became founding members of the North West
Women's Regional Football League in 1989.[285] The team made an official partnership with
Manchester United in 2001, becoming the club's official women's team; however, in 2005, following
Malcolm Glazer's takeover, the club was disbanded as it was seen to be "unprofitable".[286] In 2018,
Manchester United formed a new women's football team, which entered the second division of
women's football in England for their debut season. The women's football team won their first trophy
on 12 May 2024 as they lifted the Women's FA Cup as they defeated Tottenham Hotspur 4–0.

Notes

1. UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The
Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" (https://measuring
worth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/) . MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.

2. Sources are divided on the exact date of the meeting and subsequent name change. Whilst
official club sources claim that it occurred on 26 April, the meeting was reported by the
Manchester Evening Chronicle in its edition of 25 April, suggesting it was indeed on 24 April.

3. Solskjaer was initially appointed as interim manager; he was given the job permanently on 28
March 2019.

4. Upon its formation in 1992, the Premier League became the top tier of English football; the
Football League First and Second Divisions then became the second and third tiers,
respectively. From 2004, the First Division became the Championship and the Second Division
became League One.

See also

List of world champion football clubs

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Further reading

Andrews, David L., ed. (2004). Manchester United: A Thematic Study. London: Routledge.
ISBN 978-0-415-33333-7.

Barnes, Justyn; Bostock, Adam; Butler, Cliff; Ferguson, Jim; Meek, David; Mitten, Andy; Pilger, Sam;
Taylor, Frank OBE; Tyrrell, Tom (2001) [1998]. The Official Manchester United Illustrated
Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). London: Manchester United Books. ISBN 978-0-233-99964-7.

Bose, Mihir (2007). Manchester Disunited: Trouble and Takeover at the World's Richest Football
Club. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-84513-121-0.

Crick, Michael; Smith, David (1990). Manchester United – The Betrayal of a Legend. London: Pan
Books. ISBN 978-0-330-31440-4.

Devlin, John (2005). True Colours: Football Kits from 1980 to the Present Day. London: A & C Black.
ISBN 978-0-7136-7389-0.

Dobson, Stephen; Goddard, John (2004). "Ownership and Finance of Professional Soccer in
England and Europe". In Fort, Rodney; Fizel, John (eds.). International Sports Economics
Comparisons. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-98032-0.

Dunning, Eric (1999). Sport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence and Civilisation (https://
archive.org/details/sportmatterssoci0000dunn) . London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-09378-1.

Hamil, Sean (2008). "Case 9: Manchester United: the Commercial Development of a Global
Football Brand". In Chadwick, Simon; Arth, Dave (eds.). International Cases in the Business of
Sport. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-8543-6.

Inglis, Simon (1996) [1985]. Football Grounds of Britain (3rd ed.). London: CollinsWillow. ISBN 978-
0-00-218426-7.

James, Gary (2008). Manchester: A Football History. Halifax: James Ward. ISBN 978-0-9558127-0-
5.

Morgan, Steve (March 2010). McLeish, Ian (ed.). "Design for life". Inside United (212). ISSN 1749-
6497 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-6497) .
 Murphy, Alex (2006). The Official Illustrated History of Manchester United. London: Orion Books.
ISBN 978-0-7528-7603-0.

Shury, Alan; Landamore, Brian (2005). The Definitive Newton Heath F.C. SoccerData. ISBN 978-1-
899468-16-4.

Tyrrell, Tom; Meek, David (1996) [1988]. The Hamlyn Illustrated History of Manchester United
1878–1996 (5th ed.). London: Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-59074-3.

White, Jim (2008). Manchester United: The Biography. London: Sphere. ISBN 978-1-84744-088-4.

White, John (2007) [2005]. The United Miscellany (2nd ed.). London: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-
84442-745-1.

External links

Official website (https://www.manutd.com) (in English, Chinese, Korean, and Arabic)

Manchester United Store (https://store.manutd.com) (in English)

Independent websites

Official Manchester United Supporters' Trust (https://www.imust.org.uk/)

Manchester United F.C. on BBC Sport: Club news (https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/teams/m

anchester-united) – Recent results and fixtures (https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/teams/ma
nchester-united/scores-fixtures)

Manchester United (https://www.skysports.com/manchester-united) at Sky Sports

Manchester United (https://www.premierleague.com/clubs/12/Manchester-United/overview) at

Premier League

Manchester United (https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/teams/52682--man-utd/) at

UEFA

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