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THE LAW OF CONSTRUCTION DISPUTES

THIRD EDITION

CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE SERIES

Series editors: Philip Britton
and Phillip Capper
 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE SERIES
Series editors: Philip Britton and Phillip Capper

Construction Contract Variations

Michael Sergeant and Max Wieliczko

Holman Fenwick Willan LLP

Adjudication in Construction Law
Darryl Royce

Delay and Disruption in Construction Contracts

Fifth Edition
Andrew Burr

The Law of Construction Disputes

Second Edition
Cyril Chern

Construction Insurance and UK Construction Contracts

Third Edition
Roger ter Haar QC, Marshall Levine and Anna Laney

Construction Law
Second Edition
Julian Bailey

International Contractual and Statutory Adjudication

Andrew Burr

Remedies in Construction Law

Second Edition
Roger ter Haar QC

Professional Negligence in Construction

Second Edition
Ben Patten and Hugh Saunders

Litigation in the Technology and Construction Court

Adam Constable QC, Lucy Garrett QC and Calum Lamont

Chern on Dispute Boards

Practice and Procedure
Fourth Edition
Cyril Chern

The Law of Construction Disputes

Third Edition
Cyril Chern

For more information about this series, please visit:

www.routledge.com/Construction-Practice-Series/book-series/CPS
 T H E L AW O F
C O N S T RU C T I O N D I S P U T E S

THIRD EDITION

CYRIL CHERN

BArch, JD, AIA, RIBA, FCIArb, FDBF, Barrister, Chartered Architect, Chartered Arbitrator
Third edition published 2020
by Informa Law from Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

and by Informa Law from Routledge

52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Informa Law from Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

© 2020 Cyril Chern

The right of Cyril Chern to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in
accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form
or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.

Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is
correct, neither the author nor Informa Law can accept any responsibility for any errors or
omissions or any consequences arising therefrom.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,

and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

First edition published by Informa 2010

Second edition published by Informa Law from Routledge 2016

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Chern, Cyril, author.
Title: The law of construction disputes / by Cyril Chern. BArch, JD, AIA, RIBA, FCIArb,
FDBF, Barrister, Chartered Architect, Chartered Arbitrator
Description: 3rd edition | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Informa Law from
Routledge, 2020 |
Series: Construction practice series | Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019026361 (print) | LCCN 2019026362 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780367135461 (cloth) | ISBN 9780429027246 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Construction contracts. | Construction contracts—England. |
Construction industry—Law and legislation. | Construction industry—Law and
legislation—England. | Dispute resolution (Law) | Dispute resolution (Law)—England.
Classification: LCC K891.B8 C48 2020 (print) | LCC K891.B8 (ebook) | DDC
343.07/8624—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019026361
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019026362

ISBN: 978-0-367-13546-1 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-429-02724-6 (ebk)

Typeset in Times
by codeMantra
 C ON T E NTS

The author xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Table of cases xxi
Table of legislation xxxv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION DISPUTES 1

Applicable principles of law 1
Common law 1
History 2
Stare decisis 2
Common law countries 5
Civil law 6
The Napoleonic Code 7
Differences between common and civil law 8
Civil law countries 9
Sharia – Islamic law 9
History 9
Hanafi Islamic Sharia 10
Shafi Islamic Sharia 10
Hanbali Islamic Sharia 11
Maliki Islamic Sharia 11
ADR procedure 13
Enforcement of adjudication decisions versus arbitration awards 14
Dispute Review Board decisions 14
Dispute Adjudication Board decisions 15
The form of the Dispute Board decision 15
Particulars as to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 15
Particulars as to the Islamic Republic of Iran 17
Dispute Boards under common, civil or Sharia law 17
The historical development of dispute resolution in construction matters 17
The legal development of other dispute resolution methods 19
The engineer/arbitrator as judge 19
The engineer as quasi-arbitrator 21
The development of non-statutory adjudication 24
The advent of Dispute Boards in England 26
Extension to international cases 27

v
 CONTENTS

Specific regional differences and methods 30

Germany 30
France 31
Forms of standard construction contacts 33
Use of form contracts 35
Standard form provisions 35
Methods of construction contracting 35
The traditional method 36
The design-build method 36
The management contracting method 37
The construction manager method 37
Other methods 37
Contractual operation and payment formats 38
The traditional lump sum or fixed price contract 38
The guaranteed maximum price contract 38
The remeasurement type of contract 38
The cost reimbursement or cost plus fee contract 39
Target cost contracts 39

CHAPTER 2 THE CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT 41

Formation 41
Defining a contract 41
Offer and acceptance 42
Implied agreements 44
Capacity 44
Consideration 44
Intent to be legally bound 47
Privity of contract 48
Oral contracts 49
Letters of intent 50
Other contract issues – battle of the forms and related difficulties 51
The construction tender 54
Unilateral versus bilateral contracts 57
Uncertainty 58
Conditions as terms of a contract 58
Implied terms 59
Terms implied in fact 59
Misrepresentation 59
Distinctions 61
Express false representations 62
Implied misrepresentations 63
Negligent misrepresentations 64
Innocent misrepresentations 64
Misstatements of the law versus fact 64
Mistake 65
Unilateral mistake 65

vi
 CONTENTS

Mutual mistake 67
Common mistake 68
Mistake versus frustration versus impossibility 70

CHAPTER 3 DESIGN DISPUTES AND LIABILITY 75

Design professionals 75
The design professional: architect/engineer’s duty – tort versus contract 77
Fitness for purpose liability 78
Reasonable skill and care 80
Concurrent negligence and contract duty 83
Negligence generally 88
Duty to warn of retrospective danger 96
Duty to others 100
Purely economic losses 100
Miscellaneous matters: personal injury, latent defects and
subsequent occupiers 102
Other issues 104
The knowledge of others 106
Matters other than design 107
New, novel and strict design standards 107
Liability for design of others 109

CHAPTER 4 SITE CONDITIONS 111

The site 111
Right to access 111
Possession by whom? 112
Does the contractor have a licence to enter the site? 112
Access and possession 117
Site access after completion 117
Site conditions 118
Unforeseen ground conditions 118
Contract provisions for unexpected ground conditions 121
Misrepresentation of the site conditions 123
The site under the Housing Grants Act 124
Employer responsibility regarding possession 126

CHAPTER 5 THE SUBCONTRACTOR 127

Types of subcontract 127
Relations with the contractor 128
Employer insolvency and payments 128
Default by subcontractor 129
Delay issues 129
Defect issues 131
Problems with nominated subcontractors 133
Relations with employer 137
No privity 137

vii
 CONTENTS

The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 137

Liability in tort 137
Relations with architect and engineer 139

CHAPTER 6 DEFENCES TO CONSTRUCTION DISPUTES 141

Force majeure 141
Is the contract terminated? 143
Acts of God 144
The purpose of force majeure clauses – historically and internationally 145
Typical force majeure clause usage 146
The necessary requirements for force majeure 147
When does force majeure commence? 147
The duration of the condition 148
When should notice be given 148
Force majeure’s effect 149
Frustration 149

CHAPTER 7  ISSUES REGARDING CONTRACTORS’ RIGHTS AND

OBLIGATIONS UNDER STANDARD FORM
AGREEMENTS155
Design-build form contracts 156
Particular provisions: contractor to scrutinise employer’s
requirements for errors 158
Extension of time clauses 159
EOT “sweeping-up” clauses 160
The other major forms of contract 160
The JCT forms of contract 160
JCT 98 Standard Form of Building Contract (JCT 98 SFBC) 162
The changes made in the SBC05 162
Payment 165
Insurance issues 166
Commencement, progress and completion 166
Warranties/third-party rights 167
Termination 167
Dispute resolution 168
The ICE conditions of contract 168
Measurement Version 7th Edition 168
ICE Design and Construct contract 168
ICE Minor Works contract 169
Time and cost issues under the Measurement Version, Design and
Construct, Minor Works 169
The Measurement Version 169
The Design and Construct Version 170
The Minor Works Contract 170
The NEC3 – the New Engineering Contract Engineering
and Construction Contract – NEC ECC and the new
NEC 4 changes 170
Overview – NEC3 171

viii
 CONTENTS

Some important provisions 171

Clarifications 171
Adjudication 172
Capping contractor liability 172
The risk register 172
Prevention Clause 19 173
The concept of Key Dates 173
Design liability 173
Payment for defective work 174
Overview – NEC4 174
The FIDIC Forms of Contract 175
The three main FIDIC Forms of Contract 175
The proper form 176
Employer design of the project 176
Contractor design of the project 176
Contractor designs and employer supervises 176
Contractor designs, procures and builds 176
Contractor designs, procures, builds and operates 177
Who has the risk? 177
Common issues between the forms 177
The role of the engineer 177
Contractor incentives 178
Variations 178
Contractor’s rights and obligations 179
Rights 179
Obligations 180
Additional obligations and issues 180
Termination issues 181
Termination for convenience 181
Impossibility of performance 181
Force majeure 181
FIDIC 2017 edition changes 182
The contractor 182
The employer 182
Unforeseen conditions 183
The Red and Yellow Books 183
The Silver Book 183
Damages 184
Delay/damage claims by the employer 184
Damage claims by the contractor 184

CHAPTER 8 TERMINATION OF CONTRACT 187

Termination versus determination 187
Common law repudiation versus determination 191
Can suspension be repudiation? 192
Anticipatory repudiation 194
A repudiation need not be accepted 195

ix
 CONTENTS

Rescission 197
Release 197
Accord and satisfaction 199
Waiver and promissory estoppel 200

CHAPTER 9 THE CERTIFICATION PROCESS 203

Certificates 203
Certificate requirements 205
Errors 205
Interim certificates 206
Impartiality of the certifier 206
Certifier liability 208
History 208
Variations 217
Is it a variation or a separate contract? 218
Implied variations 222
Ordering variations 222
Failure to order a variation 223
Removing work 224
What is the basis for payment and value of the variation? 226
Value 228
Standard methods of measurement 230
Errors 231
Final certificates 231
Final Account Statements 232

CHAPTER 10 TYPES OF CLAIM 235

Claims for money 235
The issue of causation 236
Contribution 241
Money damages but at what cost 244
Reasonableness 247
Contract versus tort damages 249
Claims for performance 255
Liquidated damages and claims for extensions of time 256
Delay versus disruption 263
Extensions of time 264
The standard forms 265
Who determines the extension 266
Float 267
Concurrent delay 269
Diminution in value 271
Abatement versus set-off 279

CHAPTER 11 COLLATERAL WARRANTIES 283

Collateral warranty provisions 284
The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 285
Enforcing variation and rescission of contract 287

x
 CONTENTS

Defences 288
Defence 1 288
Defence 2 288
Defence 3 288
The promisee’s enforcement of the contract 288
Opting out of the Act 289

CHAPTER 12 NON-CONTRACT LIABILITY 291

Negligence 291
The “Threefold Test” 305
The “Assumption of Responsibility Test” 307
The “Incremental Test” 309
The “Holistic Test” 309
Vicarious liability 310
Nuisance 316
Limiting factors 318
Strict liability in nuisance – the rule in Rylands v Fletcher 319
Trespass versus nuisance 322
Encroachment 323

CHAPTER 13 TIME AT LARGE AND TIME-BAR CLAUSES 325

Time at large 325
Time-barred claims 334

CHAPTER 14 DISPUTE RESOLUTION 343

Conventional model 343
Litigation versus arbitration versus mediation 345
Arbitration 347
The Arbitration Act 1996 347
The arbitration process 347
The arbitrator 348
The award 349
Arbitration variations 350
Mediation during the litigation/arbitration process 350
Refusing to mediate 351
Enforceability of ADR agreements and mediation settlement agreements 355
Withdrawing from mediation 356
Refusing to mediate – no cost consequences 356
Adjudication 357
Mandatory provisions 358
The process under the Act 359
The Scheme for Construction Contracts 359
The Act’s main areas – Is there a dispute? 360
Does the dispute arise under a construction contract? 363
Does a contract have to be in writing within the meaning of section 107? 363
The process 365
Procedures under the Scheme 368
Notice of adjudication 368

xi
 CONTENTS

Appointment of an adjudicator 368

The referral notice 369
Adjudicator’s powers and duties 369
Changes to the Housing Grants Act 370
Dispute Boards 372
What is a Dispute Board? 372
What makes a Dispute Board unique? What can be achieved by
using a Dispute Board? 374
Non-binding recommendations 374
Interim-binding decisions 375
History of Dispute Boards 376
The World Bank 377
Harmonised contract conditions 377
Growth of Dispute Boards 378
An overview — composition of Dispute Boards and their operation 379
Appointment and membership 379
The importance of early appointment and of regular site visits 380
Routine operations 381
Informal operations 382
Dispute Board procedures 382
Dispute Review Board costs 383
Why Dispute Boards work 383
International aspects 385

CHAPTER 15 KEY ISSUES IN DISPUTE RESOLUTION 387

Agreements 387
Disclosure 395
E-disclosure 397
The Chartered Institute of Arbitrators Protocol for
E-disclosure in Arbitration 400
Confidentiality 402
Enforcement of foreign awards in the UK 403
Serial adjudication decisions 407
Adjudication conundrum 407
Election 407
Set-off 416
Arbitration of Dispute Board decisions 418
Notice of dissatisfaction 418
Amicable settlement 419
Arbitration 419
New developments 419
The award 422
Recent developments 424
The trend 428
Persero No 2 430
The 2011 arbitration 430

xii
 CONTENTS

APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Glossary of Construction Terms 435

Appendix 2: Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 451
Appendix 3: The Scheme for Construction Contracts (England and Wales)
Regulations 1998459
Appendix 4: Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 469
Appendix 5: Dispute Board Provisions Under the FIDIC Red Book 1999 475
Appendix 5a: Dispute Board Provisions Under the FIDIC Red Book 2017 487
Appendix 6: Dispute Board Provisions Under the FIDIC Yellow Book 1999 499
Appendix 6a: Dispute Board Provisions Under the FIDIC Yellow Book 2017 509
Appendix 7: Dispute Board Provisions Under the FIDIC Silver Book 1999 521
Appendix 7a: Dispute Board Provisions Under the FIDIC Yellow Book 2017 531
Appendix 8: ICC Dispute Board Rules 541
Appendix 9: The Dispute Board Federation Dispute Adjudication
Board Ad Hoc Rules for Use in Independently Administered
Dispute Board Matters557
Appendix 10: The Defective Premises Act 1972 567
Appendix 11: Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 573
Appendix 12: Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977 581
Appendix 13: Sale of Goods Act 1979 589
Appendix 14: Limitations Act 1980 609
Appendix 15: Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 637
Appendix 16: Latent Damage Act 1986 655

Links to useful websites 661

Index 663

xiii
 T H E AU T H O R
DR CYRIL CHERN

Dr Chern is a Barrister practising at 4 New Square Chambers, London. Additionally,

he is a Chartered Architect, trained Structural Engineer, Fellow of the Chartered
Institute of Arbitrators, Chartered Arbitrator, Fellow of the Dispute Board
Federation, Accredited Mediator and Adjudicator and holds the degrees of BArch
(Honours) in Architecture & Engineering and Juris Doctor. He has practised since
1972, specifically in the areas of engineering and construction disputes in the UK, the
EU and internationally. He has extensive experience in international civil and structural
engineering design issues, supervision of construction, contract management,
construction insurance, arbitration, mediation, adjudication and other methods
of dispute resolution. He has over 35 years’ experience in arbitration, mediation
and adjudication and has successfully handled over 775 complex international
construction disputes in over 27 countries worldwide throughout Europe, North and
South America, the Middle East and China.
Dr Chern is a member of various panels, groups and committees in the UK
and abroad, including the FIDIC President’s List of Approved Adjudicators. He
is also a member of the FIDIC Adjudicator’s Assessment Panel and the Dispute
Board Federation’s Advisory Panel and its Mediation and Adjudication Panels, the
Technology and Construction Court Bar Association’s Adjudication, Mediation,
Arbitration, and Dispute Board Panels, the Chartered Institute of Arbitrator’s
Construction/International Panel, the Association Suisse de L’arbitrage, The
Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Adjudication Panel, the Institution
of Civil Engineers Dispute Board Panel, the UK Civil Mediation Committee, the
Society of Construction Arbitrators, the French Conseil d’État select committee
on PPPs, and the Association of Consulting Engineers. He is a Fellow of the
Centre for International Legal Studies in Austria. Additionally, he is a mediation
trainer for both the Bar Council of England & Wales and is an advisor to the
World Bank/IFC on dispute resolution in post-conflict developing countries and
is listed in Who’s Who.
In addition to this book, Dr Chern is also the author of a large number of papers
and articles on dispute resolution, dispute boards, construction dispute management,
arbitration and mediation and is the author of Chern on Dispute Boards, now in its
4th edition published by Informa Law from Routledge, Abingdon, 2019, International
Commercial Mediation published by Informa Law from Routledge, Abingdon, 2008,
The Commercial Mediator’s Handbook published by Informa Law from Routledge,
Abingdon, 2015, and his newest book on Nuclear Infrastructure Development also
published by Informa Law from Routledge, Abingdon, 2019.

xv
 PREFACE

The field of construction is constantly changing, with new model forms being
developed and the courts forming new views on old traditional practices. The last
edition of this book brought the subject matter current and it is the hope that this
newest version will now bring the knowledge in this field current as of 2019. This
third edition provides not only that update but also adds new material, thus giving all
construction practitioners not just the “rule” but also the reasons behind the rule on
recurring points of law in this field.
The purpose of this book remains as a helpful one-volume text covering the most
recurring questions and points of law that arise in construction and the disputes that
go with them: not all of the law relating to such disputes, but rather the most frequently
encountered and the development of that law, the relevant cases and the thinking and
holdings of the various courts. The list of matters discussed herein is not exhaustive
but rather garnered from my experience of construction and disputes throughout the
common law countries of the Commonwealth and North America, as well as some
relevant discussion of other court systems, notably the civil law and Sharia law, as
both play a very important role in the current development of and solution to such
disputes which arise in a construction setting.
The intent of this book is to provide the experienced UK practitioner, as well as
the international construction lawyer, with selections of some of the most common
problem areas in construction law along with the current state of the law and, thus, to
allow each to obtain a better mastery of the subject.
Cyril Chern
August 2019

xvii
 AC K N OWL E D G EMEN TS

I am indebted to my colleagues for their assistance and encouragement in the

production of this book and I would like to thank the Fédération Internationale des
Ingénieurs-Conseils (International Federation of Consulting Engineers) (FIDIC)
and the Dispute Board Federation for the permission granted to me to quote and
reproduce some material from their publications.
I would also particularly like to thank Caroline Church, my editor at Informa Law
from Routledge, for all of her work, guidance and kind efforts on my behalf and I
would like to especially thank Ian McDonald for his invaluable research and legal
skills in bringing the third edition forward.

xix
 TAB L E OF CA SES

A Davies & Co (Shopfitters) Ltd v William Old Ltd (1969) 67 LGR 395...........................128–9
ABB Power Construction Ltd v Norwest Holst Engineering Ltd (2001) 17
Const LJ 246.......................................................................................................... 125, 126
ABB Zantingh Ltd v Zedal Building Services Ltd [2001] BLR 66, TCC................................125
Ace Constructors Inc v United States [2006] 70 Fed Cl 253...............................................337–9
Ackerman v Ackerman [2011] EWHC 3428 (Ch)...................................................................345
Acsim v Danish Contracting (1992) 47 BLR 55.....................................................................280
Adyard Abu Dhabi v SDS Marine Services [2011] BLR 384, 136 Con LR 190,
(2011) 27 Const LJ 594...................................................................................................271
Agip (Africa) Ltd v Jackson [1990] Ch 265............................................................................. 68
AIMS Ltd v TTMILtd (”The Amer Energy”) [2009] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 293............................253–4
Airport Industrial GP Ltd v Heathrow Airport & Another [2015] EWHC 3753 (Ch)............255
Aiton Australia Pty Ltd v Transfield Pty Ltd (1999) 153 FLR 236.....................................29–30
AL Gullinson & Sons v Corey (1980) 29 NBR (2d) 86............................................................ 68
Alaskan Trader, The [1984] 1 All ER 129...........................................................................196–7
Alfred McAlpine Capital Projects v Tilebox [2005] EWHC 281, [2005] BLR 271,
104 ConLR 39 TCC...................................................................................................258–9
Alghussein Establishment v Eton College [1988] 1 WLR 587......................................... 184, 185
Ali Shipping Corp v Shipyard Trogir [1998] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 643...................................... 397, 402
Amalgamated Building Contractors Ltd v Waltham Holy Cross UDC [1952] 2
All ER 452.............................................................................................................. 330, 331
AMEC Civil Engineering Ltd v Secretary of State for Transport [2004] EWHC
2339, [2005] BLR 227.................................................................................. 215, 216, 361–2
Amey Wye Valley Ltd v Hertfordshire District Council [2016] EWHC 2368 (TCC)......... 415–16
Anchor Brewhouse Developments Ltd v Berkley House (Docklands Developments)
Ltd (1987) 38 BLR 82.....................................................................................................323
Anderson v Tuapeka County Council (1900) 19 NZLR 1.........................................329–30, 331
Andrae v Selfridge [1938] Ch 1......................................................................................... 318–19
Andre et Cie SA v Marine Transocean Ltd [1981] QB 694, [1981] 2 All ER 993 CA..............197
Anglo-Scottish Beet Sugar Corpn Ltd v Spalding UDC [1937] 2 KB 607, [1937]
3 All ER 335.................................................................................................................... 64
Anns v Merton LBC [1978] AC 728..............77, 291, 293, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 304
Appleby v Myers (1866–67) LR 2 CP 651..............................................................................118
Arab African Energy Corporation Ltd v Olieprodukten Nederland BV [1983]
2 Lloyd’s Rep 419...........................................................................................................348
Arbitration between Hohenzollern Actien Gesellschaft and the City of
London etc, Re An (1886) 54 LT (NS) 596...................................................................22–3
Archer v Brown [1985] QB 401, [1984] 2 All ER 267..........................................................62, 63
Architype Properties Ltd v Dewhurst Macfarlane & Partners (a firm) (2003)
96 ConLR 35..................................................................................................................104

xxi
 TABLE OF CASES

Arnhold & Co Ltd v Attorney-General of Hong Kong 47 BLR 129, (1989)

5 Const LJ 263............................................................................................................330–1
Ascon Contracting Ltd v Alfred McAlpine Construction Isle of Man Ltd
(2000) 66 ConLR 119.................................................................................................267–8
Associated Japanese Bank (International) Ltd v Credit du Nord SA [1988]
3 All ER 902.................................................................................................................... 69
Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corp [1948] 1 KB 223....................185
Atlantic Paper Stock Ltd v St Anne-Nackawic Pulp & Paper Co [1975]
56 DLR (3d) 409 (SCC)..................................................................................................145
Aughton Ltd (formerly Aughton Group Ltd) v MF Kent Services Ltd (1991)
57 BLR 1........................................................................................................................348
Aurum Investments Ltd v Avonforce Ltd (2001) 17 Const LJ 145........................................... 99
Auto Equity Sales Inc v Superior Court, 57 Cal 2d 450 (1962).................................................. 3
Avon Insurance v Swire [2000] 1 All ER (Comm) 573............................................................. 61
Avraamides v Colwill [2006] EWCA Civ 1533........................................................................286
Axa Insurance UK Plc v Cunningham Lindsey United Kingdom [2007]
EWHC 3023 (TCC)........................................................................................................249
Azimut-Benetti SpA v Healey [2010] EWHC 2234 (Comm)..................................................261
B Mullen & Sons (Contractors) Ltd v Ross (1996) 54 ConLR 163.........................................129
Babcock v Lawson (1880) 5 QBD 284, CA............................................................................. 62
Bacal Construction (Midlands) Ltd v Northampton Development Corporation
[1976] 8 BLR 88..........................................................................................................121–2
Barclays Bank v Fairclough Building Ltd (No 2) [1995] 76 BLR 1.......................................83–4
Baron Bernstein of Leigh v Skyviews and General Ltd [1978] QB 479, [1977]
2 All ER 902...................................................................................................................323
Barrier Ltd v Redhall Marine Ltd [2016] EWHC 381 (QB)...................................................396
Bawden v London Edinburgh and Glasgow Assurance Co [1892] 2 QB 534, CA.................... 60
Baxall Securities Ltd v Sheard Walshaw Partnership [2001] BLR 36, [2002]
BLR 100 (CA)....................................................................................78, 102, 103, 105, 298
BDW Trading Ltd v JM Rowe (Investments) Ltd [2011] EWCA Civ 548...............................185
Beaufort Developments Ltd v Gilbert Ash NI Ltd [1998] 2 WLR 860, [1998]
UKHL 19, [1999] AC 266, [1998] 2 All ER 778........................................................ 214–15
Bell v Lever Brothers Ltd [1932] AC 161................................................................................. 69
Bellefield Computer Services Ltd v E Turner & Sons Ltd [2003] Lloyd’s
Rep PN 53, [2000] BLR 97................................................................................85, 100, 105
Benfield Construction Ltd v Trudson (Hatton) Ltd [2008] EWHC 2333 (TCC)............... 411–14
BGH, VII ZR 197/82, 23 November 1983, NJW 1984, 669..................................................... 31
BGH, VII ZR 344/97, 18 November 1998............................................................................... 31
BGHZ 102, 199, 12 November 1987....................................................................................... 31
Biffa Waste Services Ltd v Maschinenfabrik Ernst Hese GmbH [2008]
EWCA Civ 1257, [2009] QB 725............................................................................. 261, 315
Bilton v Greater London Council (1982) 20 BLR 1...........................................................336–7
Birse Construction Ltd v Eastern Telegraph Ltd [2004] EWHC 2512....................................247
Bisset v Wilkinson [1927] AC 177............................................................................................ 60
Blackpool and Fylde Aero Club Ltd v Blackpool Borough Council [1990] 3 All ER 25......54–5
Blackwell and Co Ltd v Derby (1914) 4 HBC II 401............................................................... 22
Bloor Construction (UK) Ltd v Bowmer & Kirkland (London) Ltd [2000] BLR 314........366–7
Blue Circle Industries v Holland Dredging Co (1987) 37 BLR 40..........................................218
Bluewater Energy Services BV v Mercon Steel Structures BV [2014]
EWHC 2132 (TCC)........................................................................................................334
Board of Governors of the Hospitals for Sick Children v McLaughlin &
Harvey Plc (1987) 19 ConLR 25.....................................................................................247

xxii
 TABLE OF CASES

Bolam v Friern Barnet Hospital Management Committee [1957] 2 All ER 118,

[1957] 1 WLR 582..................................................................................................... 80, 264
Bonnington Castings v Wardlaw [1956] AC 613............................................................. 240, 241
Bottoms v York Corporation (1892) 2 Hudson’s Building Contracts, 4th edn, 208.......... 64, 118
Bovis Construction (Scotland) Ltd v Whatlings Construction Ltd (1995)
75 BLR 1, HL (Sc)..........................................................................................................192
BP Refinery (Westernport) Property v Shire of Hastings (1977) 180 CLR 266,
[1978] 52 ALJR 20.................................................................................................... 59, 108
BPE Solicitors v Hughes-Holland [2017] UKSC 21...............................................................254
BR and EP Cantrell v Wright and Fuller [2003] BLR 412......................................................214
Bramall & Ogden Ltd v Sheffield City Council 29 BLR 73....................................................330
Bremer Handelgesellschaft mbH v Vanden Avenne Izegem nv [1978] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 113........342
Brickfield Properties v Newton [1971] 1 WLR 862.................................................................. 89
Briess v Woolley [1954] AC 333, HL....................................................................................... 62
British Crane Hire Corpn v Ipswich Plant Hire Ltd [1975] QB 303, [1974]
1 All ER 1059, CA........................................................................................................... 50
British Russian Gazette and Trade Outlook Ltd v Associated Newspapers
Ltd [1933] 2 KB 616.......................................................................................................200
British Telecommunications Plc v James Thompson & Sons (Engineers) Ltd
(1998) 61 ConLR 1.....................................................................................................137–8
Brodie v Cardiff [1919] AC 337............................................................................................... 23
Brown v Raphael [1958] Ch 636, [1958] 2 All ER 79............................................................... 62
Bryan v Maloney (1995) 128 ALR 163.......................................................................... 304, 305
Burchell v Bullard [2005] EWCA Civ 358..............................................................................353
Burnet v Coronado Oil & Gas Co 285 US 393.......................................................................... 4
Bush v Whitehaven Trustees (1888) 52 JP 392........................................................................227
C Bryant & Sons Ltd v Birmingham Hospital Saturday Fund [1938]
1 All ER 503....................................................................................................121, 220, 231
C Czarnikow Ltd v Koufos [1967] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 457, [1969] 1 AC 350
(”Th Heron II”)...............................................................................................238, 250, 253
Cable & Wireless Plc v IBM UK Ltd [2002] EWHC 2059 (Comm)............................ 29, 33, 355
Cable (1956) Ltd v Hutcherson Bros Pty Ltd (1969) 123 CLR 143, 43 ALJR 321................... 76
Cambridge Water v Eastern Counties Leather [1994] 2 AC 264, HL.............................. 319, 320
Cameron v Mowlem (1991) 52 BLR 24................................................................................... 24
Cana Construction Co Ltd v The Queen (1973) 21 BLR 12...................................................228
Cantrell v Wright and Fuller Ltd (2003) 91 ConLR 97, [2003] EWHC 1545 (TCC)...............207
Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605.......................................... 305, 306, 307, 309
Carillion Construction Ltd v Emcor Engineering Services Ltd & Another [2017]
EWCA Civ 65.................................................................................................................131
Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256....................................................42–4
Carr v JA Berriman Pty Ltd (1953) 27 ALJR 273...................................................... 224–5, 226
Carter v Ahsan (No 1) [2007] UKHL 51, [2008] 1 AC 696.....................................................404
Carus-Wilson and Greene, Re (1886) 18 QBD 7.......................................................... 23, 24, 26
Cavendish Square Holding BV v Talal El Makdessi [2015] UKSC 67....................................262
Central London Property v High Trees [1947] KB 130................................................... 200, 201
Chamberlain Carpentry and Joinery Ltd v Alfred McAlpine Construction
Ltd [2002] EWHC 514....................................................................................................368
Chambers v Goldthorpe [1901] 1 KB 624........................................................................ 23, 208
Channel Tunnel Group Ltd v Balfour Beatty Construction Ltd (1993) 61 BLR 1................26–7
Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1959] 2 All ER 701........................................................ 46
Charlotte Thirty Ltd and Bison v Croker Ltd (1990) 24 ConLR 46................................. 117–18
Charlton v Northern Structural Services Ltd [2008] EWHC 66 (TCC)..............................274–5

xxiii
 TABLE OF CASES

Charrington v Simons & Co Ltd [1971] 2 All ER 588, [1971] 1 WLR 598, CA......................323
Chattan Developments Ltd v Reigill Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd
[2007] EWHC 305 (TCC)......................................................................................... 259–60
Cheltenham Ladies College v Oxford Architects Partnership [2006]
EWHC 3156 (TCC)......................................................................................................... 92
Chesham Properties Ltd v Bucknall Austin Project Management Services Ltd
(1996) 82 BLR 92............................................................................................................ 90
Chudley v Clydesdale Bank plc (t/a Yorkshire Bank) [2017] EWHC 2177 (Comm)...............286
City of Brantford v Kemp & Wallace-Carruthers Ltd (1960) 23 DLR 640............................. 89
City Inn Ltd v Shepherd Construction Ltd [2007] CSOH 190............................. 271, 332–3, 340
City of Kamploops v Nielsen [1984] 2 SCR 2........................................................................301
City of Westminster v J Jarvis & Sons Ltd and Peter Lind Ltd (1970) 7 BLR 64...............130–1
CJ Elvin Building Services Ltd v Noble [2003] EWHC 837 (TCC).....................................188–9
Clay v Crump [1964] 1 QB 533 (CA)......................................................................................102
Clef Aquitaine SARL v Laporte Materials (Barrow) Ltd [2001] QB 488,
[2000] 3 All ER 493, CA.................................................................................................. 63
Clemence v Clarke (1880) HBC (4th Ed, vol 2) 54.................................................................. 22
Codelfa Construction Proprietary Ltd v State Rail Authority of New
South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337........................................................................... 152, 153
Commercial Management (Investments) Ltd v Mitchell Design and
Construct Ltd [2016] EWHC 76 (TCC)..........................................................................337
Commissioner for Main Roads v Reed & Stuart Pty Ltd (1974) 12 BLR 55......................225–6
Commissioners of Customs and Excise v Barclays Bank Plc [2006] UKHL 28,
[2007] 1 AC 181........................................................................................... 101–2, 305, 309
Commonwealth Edison v Allied-General Nuclear Services 731 F Supp 850
(ND 111 1990)................................................................................................................148
Comsite Projects Ltd v Andritz AG (2004) 20 Const LJ 24, TCC..........................................126
Conor Engineering Ltd v Les Constructions Industrielle de la Mediterranee
[2004] BLR 212, TCC.....................................................................................................125
Consarc Design Ltd v Hutch Investments Ltd, (2003) 19 Const LJ 91............................. 50, 107
Construction Group Centre Ltd v Highland Council [2002] BLR 476...................................412
Cooperative Group Ltd v John Allen Associates Ltd [2010] EWHC 2300 (TCC)............ 109–10
Corenso (UK) Ltd v Burnden Group Plc [2003] EWHC 1805 (QB).......................................356
Costain Ltd v Bechtel Ltd [2005] EWHC 1018................................................................ 215–16
Couch v Attorney General [2008] NZSC 45...........................................................................304
Cour d’Appel de Paris, 23 May 2001 (SCM Port-Royal v Pebay et Samper)......................32, 33
Cour d’Appel de Paris (1ère Chambre, section C) 29 April 2003..........................................31–2
Cour de Cassation (1ère Chambre Civile) 28 January 2003 (M Nègre v Société Vivendi)........ 33
Cour de Cassation (Chambre Mixte) 14 February 2003 (Poiré v Tripier)................................ 32
Coventry (t/a RDC Promotions) v Lawrence [2014] UKSC 13..............................................321
Coventry v Lawrence [2014] UKSC 46...................................................................................321
Cowell v Rosehill Racecourse Co Ltd [1937] 56 CLR 605......................................................113
Cowey v Liberian Operations Ltd [1966] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 45.....................................................222
Cox v Ministry of Justice [2016] UKSC 10............................................................................316
Credit Lyonnaise v Russell Jones and Walker [2003] PNLR 17............................................... 95
Crowshaw v Pritchard and Renwick [1899] 16 TLR 45........................................................55–6
Cudmore-Ray v Pajouheshnia [1993] 5 CL 405 noted in [1993] BLM (August) 11.................323
Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co Ltd [1951] 1 KB 805........................................... 63
D & C Builders Ltd v Rees [1966] 2 QB 617.......................................................................198–9
D & F Estates Ltd v Church Commissioners for England [1989] AC 177, [1988] 3 WLR 368,
[1988] 2 All ER 992, 41 BLR 1, 15 ConLR 35.......................283, 291–7, 298, 299, 300, 303
Dacy Building Services Ltd v IDM Properties LLP [2016] EWHC 3007 (TCC).....................365

xxiv
 TABLE OF CASES

Dacy Building Services Ltd v IDM Properties LLP [2018] EWHC 178 (TCC)......................365
Dallah Real Estate & Tourism Holding Co v Pakistan [2010] UKSC 46,
[2009] EWCA Civ 755.................................................................................................403–6
Darlington Borough Council v Wiltshier Northern Limited [1995] 1 WLR 68......................235
David McLean Contractors Ltd v Albany Building Ltd [2005] EWHC B5 (TCC).................412
David McLean Housing Contractors Ltd v Swansea Housing Association Ltd
[2002] BLR 125...............................................................................................................368
David Wilson Homes Ltd v Survey Services Ltd (in liquidation) [2001]
EWCA Civ 34, [2001] 1 BLR 269.....................................................................24, 25, 26, 28
Davies v London and Provincial Marine Insurance Company (1878) 8 Ch D 469.................. 62
Davis Contractors Ltd v Fareham Urban District Council [1956] AC 696........ 71–2, 150–1, 153
Davy Offshore Ltd v Emerald Field Contracting Ltd (1991) 55 BLR 1..................................224
Day v Ost [1973] 2 NZLR 385...............................................................................................209
De Beers UK Ltd v Atos Origin It Services UK [2010] EWHC 3276.....................................271
Décor Ceiling Pty Ltd v Cox Constructions Pty Ltd (No 2) [2005] SASC 483,
[2006] CILL March 2006................................................................................................340
Denham v Midland Employers’ Mutual Assurance Ltd [1955] 2 QB 437....................... 312, 313
Department of the Environment v Thomas Bates and Sons Ltd [1991] 1 AC 499,
[1990] 3 WLR 457, [1990] 2 All ER 943..................................................... 77–8, 297, 300–1
Department National Heritage v Steensen Varming Mulcahy (1998) 60 ConLR 33................ 94
Derry v Peek (1889) 14 App Cas 337 HL................................................................................ 62
Diag Human Se v Czech Republic [2014] EWHC 1639 (Comm)............................................406
Diesel SE Asia Pte v PT Bumi International Tankers (2005) 21 Con LJ 126..........................304
Dillingham v Downs (1972) 13 BLR 97.................................................................................. 64
Dixons Group plc v Jan Andrew Murray-Oboynski (1997) 86 BLR 16..................................344
Dobson v Thames Water Utilities Ltd [2011] EWHC 3253 (TCC)................................... 317–18
Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562............................................. 103, 293, 294, 297, 299, 300
Donovan v Laing [1893] 1 QB 629.........................................................................................312
Downs v Chappell [1996] 3 All ER 344, [1997] 1 WLR 426..................................................... 63
Doyle v Olby (Ironmongers) Ltd [1969] 2 QB 158, CA......................................................62, 63
Drake & Scull Engineering Ltd v McLaughlin & Harvey plc (1993) 60 BLR 107................... 25
Dugan & Meyers Construction Co Inc v State of Ohio 162 Ohio App. 3d 491......................146
Dunnett v Railtrack Plc [2002] EWCA Civ 303, [2002] 2 All ER 850.............. 351, 352, 355, 357
East Ham BC v Bernard Sunley & Sons Ltd [1996] AC 406...................................................235
East v Maurer [1991] 2 All ER 733, CA.................................................................................. 63
Eccles v Southern [1861] 3 F&F 142, NP...............................................................................129
Eckersley v Binnie & Partners (1988) 18 ConLR 1, [1955–95] PNLR 348..........................80, 96
Economides v Commercial Union Assurance Co Plc [1998] QB 587, [1997]
3 All ER 636, CA.........................................................................................................61–2
EDAC v Moss (William) Group Ltd, 1 Const LJ 131.................................................... 96–7, 98
Edgeworth Construction Ltd v ND Lea & Associates Ltd (1993) 66 BLR 56
(Sup Ct Can)................................................................................................................... 62
Edgington v Fitzmaurice (1885) 29 Ch D 459......................................................................... 60
EDO Corporation v Ultra Electronics Ltd [2009] EWHC 682 (Ch)...................................395–6
Elizabeth Bay Developments Pty Ltd v Boral Building Services Pty Ltd (1995)
36 NSWLR 709............................................................................................................... 30
Emcor Drake & Skull Ltd v Costain Construction Ltd [2004] EWHC 2439 (TCC)...............412
Emirates Trading Agency LLC v Prime Mineral Exports Private Ltd [2014]
EWHC 2104 (Comm).....................................................................................................355
Emmott v Michael Wilson & Partners See Michael Wilson & Partners Ltd v Emmott
Empire Jamaica, The See NV Koninklijke Rotterdamsche Lloyd v Western Steamship Co Ltd
Emson Contractors Ltd v Protea Estates Ltd (1987) 13 ConLR 41.......................................205

xxv
 TABLE OF CASES

English Industrial Estates v George Wimpey & Co Ltd [1973] 71 LGR 127, 7 BLR 122........112
Equitable Debenture Assets Corp Ltd v William Moss Group Ltd [1984] 2 ConLR 1............ 90
Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Hall Russell & Co Ltd [1989] AC 643............................................312
Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Mardon [1976] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 305................................................... 60
Export Credits Guarantee Department v Universal Oil Products Co [1983]
2 All ER 205, [1983] 1 WLR 399, 23 BLR 106................................................................257
Fairclough Building Ltd v Rhuddlan Borough Council (1985) 30 BLR 26............................133
Farley v Skinner [2002] 2 AC 732, [2001] 3 WLR 899........................................................275–9
Fastrack Contractors Ltd v Morrison Construction Ltd [2000] BLR 168...................... 362, 369
Fay v Prentice (1845) 1 CB 828..............................................................................................317
Fercometal SARL v MSC Mediterranean Shipping Co SA [1989] AC 788,
[1988] 2 All ER 742, HL.............................................................................................195–6
Fitzpatrick Contractors Ltd v Tyco Fire and Integrated Solutions (UK) Ltd
[2009] EWHC 274 (TCC), [2009] All ER (D) 70 (Mar), [2009] BLR 144......................52–3
Foakes v Beer (1883) LR 9 App Cas 605................................................................................. 46
Freemen & Son v Hensler (1900) 64 JP 260.............................................................111, 126, 226
Gaymark Investments Pty Ltd v Walter Construction Group Ltd [1999] 18 BCL 449...........341
George Hawkins v Chrysler (UK) Ltd & Burne Associates (1988) 38 BLR 36................. 79, 108
George Wimpey UK Ltd (formerly Wimpey Homes Holdings Ltd) v VI Construction Ltd
(formerly VI Components Ltd) [2005] EWCA Civ 77, [2005] BLR 135........................... 68
Gilbert Ash (Northern) Ltd v Modern Engineering (Bristol) Ltd [1974] AC 689,
[1973] 3 WLR 421................................................................................................... 260, 280
Glasgow Airport Ltd v Messrs Kirkman & Bradford [2007] CSIH 47, 2007
WL 1623394...............................................................................................................283–4
Glasgow and South Western Rly Co v Boyd and Forrest [1915] AC 526, HL.......................... 62
Gloucestershire Health Authority v Torpy (1997) 55 ConLR 124........................................... 78
Gordon and Teixeira v Seiko and Select Management Ltd [1986] 1 EGLR 71........................ 61
Gordon v Selico (1986) 18 HLR 219....................................................................................... 60
Gore v Naheed [2017] EWCA Civ 369...............................................................................354–5
Gore v Stannard (t/a Wyvern Tyres) [2012] EWCA Civ 1248, [2014] QB
1 (CA) (Civ Div).........................................................................................................321–2
Greater London Council v Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Co Ltd (1986)
34 BLR 50, 8 ConLR 30, CA.........................................................................................263
Greaves & Co v Baynham Meikle & Partners [1975] 1 WLR 1095.......................................... 79
Gujarat NRE Coke Ltd v Coeclerici Asia (Pte) Ltd [2013] EWHC 1987 (Comm).................406
H Fairweather & Co Ltd v Wandsworth LBC (1987) 39 BLR 106.........................................269
Hadley v Baxendale (1854) 9 Exch 341, 156 ER 145........................ 236–7, 238, 250–1, 253, 254
Halki Shipping Corp v Sopex Oil Ltd 794 [1998] 2 All ER 23............................................388–9
Halsey v Esso Petroleum [1961] 1 WLR 683..........................................................................317
Halsey v Milton Keynes NHS Trust [2004] EWCA Civ 576.........................351–2, 353, 354, 357
Hampton v Glamorgan County Council [1917] AC 13..........................................................139
Handelgesellschaft Schaft GmbH v Vanden Avenne Izegem PVBA [1978]
2 Lloyd’s Law Reports 109..............................................................................................339
Harmon CFEM Facades (UK) Ltd v Corporate Officer of the House of
Commons (1999) 67 ConLR 1......................................................................................56–7
Hart Investments Ltd v Fidler [2007] EWHC 1058 (TCC)...................................................94–6
Hartog v Colin and Shields [1939] 3 All ER 566................................................................67, 70
Hawkins v Chrysler (UK) Ltd & Burne Associates (1988) 38 BLR 36............................. 79, 108
Hawl-Mac Construction Ltd v Campbell River 60 BCLR 57 (1984–5).......................... 329, 331
Hawley v Luminar Leisure Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 18.............................................................315
Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd [1964] AC 465 (HL)........78, 86, 87, 97, 104, 106,
209, 298, 299

xxvi
 TABLE OF CASES

Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1995] 2 AC 145...............................83, 84, 85, 86, 95, 106
Heneghan v Manchester Dry Docks Ltd [2014] EWHC 4190 (QB).......................................240
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v Alstom Combined Cycles Ltd (1973) 21 BLR 12........... 228–30
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v Central Lancashire New Town Development
Corp (1981) 15 BLR 1................................................................................................265–6
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v Malmaison Hotel (Manchester) Ltd (1999)
70 ConLR 32........................................................................................... 269, 270, 271, 333
Heron II, The See C Czarnikow Ltd v Koufos
HG Construction Ltd v Ashwell Homes (East Anglia) Ltd [2007] EWHC 144,
[2007] BLR 175...............................................................................................................412
Hickman & Co v Roberts [1913] AC 229.................................................................... 207–8, 211
Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1989] AC 53.....................................................306–7
Hoare v McAlpine [1923] 1 Ch 167........................................................................................317
Hochster v De La Tour [1853] 2 E&B 678..........................................................................194–5
Holland Hannen and Cubitts (Northern) Ltd v Welsh Health Technical
Services Organisation (1982) 18 BLR 80.....................................................................223–4
Hollier v Rambler Motors (AMC) Ltd [1972] 2 QB 71, [1972] 1 All ER 399, CA................... 50
Holme v Guppy (1838) 3 M & W 387....................................................................................115
Holt Insulation Ltd v Colt International Ltd Unreported, 23 July 2001
LVO1 5929, HC (TCC)............................................................................................. 410–11
Holt, Re ex p Gray (1888) 58 LJQB 5....................................................................................129
Hong Huat Development Co (Pte) Ltd v Hiap Hong & Co Pte Ltd (2000)
82 Con LR 89........................................................................................................... 212–14
Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962] 1 All ER 474............. 59
Hooper Bailie Associated Ltd v Natcon Group Pty Ltd (1992) NSWLR 194................ 28–9, 30
Hounslow LBC v Twickenham Garden Developments Ltd [1971] Ch 233,
[1970] 3 WLR 538................................................................111, 112, 113–14, 196, 214, 216
Howard Marine and Dredging Co Ltd v A Ogden & Sons (Excavations) Ltd
(1977) 9 BLR 34.........................................................................................................123–4
HS Works Ltd v Enterprise Managed Services Ltd [2009] EWHC 729 (TCC)................. 416–18
Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co [1877] 2 AC 439.........................................................200–1
Hunt v Optima [2014] EWCA Civ 714, [2015] 1 WLR 1346 (CA (Civ Div)).................... 209–10
Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] 2 All ER 426.......................................................... 317, 318
Hurst Stores & Interiors Ltd v ML Europe Property Ltd [2004] EWCA Civ 490...............232–4
Hurst v Leeming [2002] EWHC 1051......................................................................351, 352, 357
HW Nevill (Sunblest) Ltd v William Press & Son Ltd (1981) 20 BLR 78...............................112
IBM UK Holdings Ltd v Dagliesh [2015] EWHC 389 (Ch)...................................................185
Imperial Chemical Industries v Merit Merrell Technology Ltd [2017]
EWHC 1763 (TCC)........................................................................................................208
Imperial Group Pension Trust Ltd v Imperial Tobacco Ltd [1991] 1 WLR 589.....................185
Independent Broadcasting Authority v EMI Electronics and BICC
Construction Ltd (1980) 14 BLR 1........................................................ 108, 131–3, 239–40
International Minerals & Chemical Corp v Llano Inc, 770 F2d.............................................149
Interserve Industrial Services Ltd v Cleveland Bridge UK Ltd [2006]
EWHC 741 (TCC).............................................................................................414–15, 416
Invercargill City Council v Hamlin [1994] 3 NZLR 513.........................................................304
Invercargill City Council v Hamlin [1996] AC 624, (1996) 50 Con LR 105!...........................305
Ipson Renovation Ltd v The Incorporated Owners of Connie Towers [2016]
HKCFI 2117...............................................................................................................193–4
J Sainsbury plc v Broadway Malyan [1999] PNLR 286........................................................... 90
Jackson v Barry Railway Company [1893] 1 Ch 238............................................................... 23
Jacobs v Crédit Lyonnaise (1884) 12 QBD 589 (CA)..............................................................145

xxvii
 TABLE OF CASES

Jaggard v Sawyer [1995] 1 WLR 269......................................................................................323

Jarvis & Sons Ltd v Castle Wharf Developments Ltd [2001] Lloyd’s Rep PN 309.................100
JD Williams & Co Ltd v Michael Hyde & Associates Ltd [2001] BLR 99............................... 81
Jerram Falkus Construction Ltd v Fenice Investments Inc [2011] EWHC
1935 (TCC)............................................................................................................. 271, 342
JM Hill & Sons Ltd v Camden LBC (1980) 18 BLR 31, CA..................................................192
John Barker Construction Ltd v London Portman Hotel Ltd (1996) 83 BLR 31...............266–7
John Grimes Partnership Ltd v Gubbins [2013] EWCA Civ 37, [2013]
BLR 126 (CA (Civ Div))................................................................................................238
John Holland Construction v Majorca Projects (2000) 16 Const LJ 114................................209
John Mowlem & Co Plc v Hydra Tight & Co Plc (2001) 17 Const LJ 358.............................368
Jones v Gooday [1841] 8 M&W 146, 151 ER 985...................................................................235
Jones v Scullard [1898] 2 QB 565............................................................................................312
Jones v Sherwood Computer Services plc [1992] 2 All ER 170, [1992] 1 WLR 277, CA.........344
Junior Books Ltd v Veitchi Co Ltd [1983] 1 AC 520................................104, 292, 298, 299, 300
Just v The Queen in the Right of British Columbia [1989] 2 SCR 1228.................................302
Karappan Bhoomides v Port of Singapore Authority [1978] 1 WLR 189...............................312
Kellie v Wheatley & Lloyd Architects Ltd [2014] EWHC 2212 (TCC).................................... 81
Kerajaan Malaysia [1993] MLJ 439.......................................................................................304
Kinstreet v Balmargo CH 1994 G 2999..................................................................................352
KNS Industrial Services v Sindall Ltd [2000] EWHC 75 (TCC)............................................412
Krell v Henry [1903] 2 KB 740.............................................................................................70–1
Kruppa v Benedetti [2014] EWHC 1887 (Comm)..................................................................348
Lamb v Camden LBC [1981] QB 625.....................................................................................238
Laporte v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2015] EWHC 371 (QB)..................353–4
Laugher v Pointer (1826) 5 B & C 547...................................................................................312
Laurence v Lexcourt Holdings Ltd [1978] 1 WLR 1128, [1978] 2 All ER 810....................64, 65
Lawson v Wallasey Local Board (1889) 11 QBD 229.............................................................. 22
Lee Chau Mou v Kin Sing HCCT 3/2006..........................................................................190–1
Leicester Circuits Ltd v Coates Brothers Plc [2003] EWCA Civ 333.......................................356
Leon Engineering and Construction Co Ltd v Ka Duk Investment Co (1989)
47 BLR 139....................................................................................................................208
Lewis v Avery [1971] 3 All ER 907.......................................................................................... 66
Linden Gardens Trust Ltd v Lenesta Sludge Disposal Ltd [1994] 1 AC 85,
[1993] 3 All ER 417.........................................................................................................118
Linden Homes South East Ltd v LBH Wembley Ltd (2003) 87 ConLR 180..........................107
Lindenberg v Canning (1992) 62 BLR 142...........................................................................98–9
Linklaters Business Services v Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd [2010] EWHC 2931 (TCC).............248
Linnett v Halliwells LLP [2009] EWHC 319 (TCC)...............................................................408
Livingstone v Rawyards Coal Co (1880) 5 App Cas 25, (1880) 7 R (HL) 1.................... 235, 276
Lockland Builders Ltd v Rickwood (1995) 77 BLR 38, 46 ConLR 92...............................187–8
London & Leeds Estates Ltd v Paribas (No 2) [1995] 1 EGLR 102............................... 397, 403
London Borough of Merton v Lowe (1981) 18 BLR 130................................................. 89, 110
London and Manchester Assurance Co Ltd v O and H Construction Ltd
[1989] 2 EGLR 185, [1989] 29 EG 65..............................................................................323
London Street Tramways v London County Council [1898] AC 375......................................3–4
McCutcheon v MacBrayne [1964] 1 All ER 430, [1964] 1 WLR 125, HL...........................49–50
McGhee v National Coal Board [1973] 1 WLR 1..................................................................240
McGlinn v Waltham Contractors Ltd [2007] EWHC 149 (TCC).......................................248–9
MacInnes v Gross [2017] EWHC 46 (QB)............................................................................47–8
McMaster University v Wilchar Construction Ltd (1971) 22 DLR (3d)
9 Ontario Province, High Court....................................................................................66–7

xxviii
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