KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF ADOLESCENT ON RISK

FACTORS AND PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS AMONG ADOLESCENT

BY

HAMAMATU MUHAMMAD
CCHST/PH/023/004

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

2025
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 CHAPTER ONE

I.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that attacks the human

body immune system specifically the white blood cells (called CHI) cells 111V

destroys these CA4 cells weakening person's immunity against infection such as

tuberculosis and some cancers (WHO 2020).

According to global HIV and Aids statistic in 2012 there were approximately

38million were children a (15 years old) the vast majority of people with HIV

are in low and middle income countries in 2019 there were 20.7 million people

with HIV (54%) in eastern and southern Africa 4.9 million (13% ) in Western

and central Europe and north America.

According to national agency for the control of Aids (NACA) in 2019 Nigeria

have an acute HIV prevalence of 1.4% of which Katsina state having the total of

0.3%.

As defined by the world health organization (WHO) adolescents and young

people are persons between the age of 10-24 years this age is characterized by

the rapid physical growth development and sexual maturation and according to

detrimental youth and adolescent most at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS and

others (STIs) it is a period that can be marked by the need to try out new thing

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such as sex, experiment with injectable drugs as well as other risks behaviours

(I.mg Bachi 2017).

THE GLOBAL HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC

HIV the virus that causes AIDS is one of the world's most serious public health

challenging But there is global commitment to stopping new HIV infection and

ensuring that everyone with HIV has access to HIV treatment, According to

UNAIDS:- among adult aged 15-49 years . HIV prevalence is also high in the

north central zone (2.0% ) and in the south east zone (1.1%) the north east zone

(1.1%) and the north west zone (0.6%).

Scientist believes that HIV originally came from a views particular to

chimpanzees in West Africa during the 1930s and transmitted to human through

the transfer of blood through hunting. Over the decades the virus spread through

Africa and to other parts of the world.

However it wasn't until the early 1980s when rare types of pneumonia, cancer

and other illnesses were being reported to doctors that the world become aware

of HIV and AIDS.

The disease is renamed Acquired immune Deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Canada

reports its first case of AIDS in March 1982, it is realized that the infection can

be sexually transmitted and cause by HIV cases are reported in blood

transmission recipients.

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It is discovered that women can become infection with AIDS through

Heterosexual sex.

The world health organization annoys that AIDS was the fourth biggest cause of

death worldwide and the number one killer in Africa, as cancer also increase

with HIV. This is caused by weakened lungs from numerous respiratory issues

related to a weakened immune system.

According to national AIDS manual (NAM) lung cancer is more prevalent

among people with HIV compared to people without it.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

i. To identify the level of knowledge on risks factors of HIV among adolescent.

ii. To identify the preventive measures of HIV among adolescent.

iii. To find out the factors responsible for the spread of HIV/AIDS among

adolescent.

vi. To determine the implication of HIV/AIDS among adolescent.

1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

This study is when completed will be useful to the following:- Adolescent the

finding of this research is very essential to the adolescent that is (individual

from 10-24years of age) in order to know HIV/AIDS mode of transmission sign

and symptoms and preventive measures of HIV (AIDS) Government: also the

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study will be significant to the government and nongovernmental organization

in used the kind in to provide adequate infrastructure for the prevention and

management of HIV/AID In summarize the project will be beneficial to the

other researchers who intended to carry out research or similar or relate topic.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

i. What are the levels of knowledge on the prevention on risks factors of HIV

among adolescent?

ii. What are the preventive measures of HIV?

iii. What are the factors contributing to the spread of HIV among adolescent?

iv. What are the implications of HIV/AIDS among adolescent?

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This research study will focus on the level of knowledge and perception of

adolescent on risk factors and prevention of HIV in Rimaye Ward Kankia local

government area Katsina state.

1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF THE TERMS

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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IMMUNE SYSTEM: the body system that protect the body from foreign

substances and pathogenic organisms.

ADOLESCENT: transitional period of physical development between

childhood and adulthood.

KNOWLEDGE: the fact of knowing about something generally understanding

or familiarity with a subject place situation.

PERCEPTION: organization identification and interpretation of sensory

information.