CHAPTER: INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

SYLLABUS: Definition, range, domain, principal value branch. Graphs of inverse

trigonometric functions.

Definitions and Formulae:

Principal Value Branches:

Range (Principal Value

FUNCTION DOMAIN
Branch)
𝜋 𝜋
sin−1 𝑥 [−1, 1] [− , ]
2 2

cos −1 𝑥 [−1, 1] [0, 𝜋]

𝜋 𝜋
tan−1 𝑥 R (− , )
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
cosec −1 𝑥 𝑅 − (−1, 1) [− , ] − {0}
2 2
𝜋
sec −1 𝑥 𝑅 − (−1, 1) [0, 𝜋] − { }
2

cot −1 𝑥 R (0, 𝜋)

sin-1 (-x) = - sin-1(x) cos-1 (-x) = π - cos-1(x)

cosec-1 (-x) = - cosec-1(x) sec-1 (-x) = π - sec-1(x)

tan-1 (-x) = - tan-1(x) cot-1 (-x) = π - cot-1(x)

−𝜋 𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [ , ]
2 2

𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [0, 𝜋]

𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [−1, ,1]

…

25
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Q.NO QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS

1 −1
The principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 2 )`

(a) 2π (b) π (iii) − π (d) − π

3 3 3 6

Solution: We have 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (−𝑥) = 𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑥)

−1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 2 )`= 𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠-1(2).

𝜋 2𝜋
= π– =
3 3

Ans: (a)

2 3𝜋
The principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 5 )]`

3π 2π − 2π π
(a) (b) (iii) (d)
5 5 5 5

3𝜋 3𝜋
Solution: We have 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 5 )] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋 − )]
5

2𝜋
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 5 )]

2π
=
5

Ans. (b)

3 The value of: 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √3 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1( − 2) is

π −π −π
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
6 6 3

Solution: We have sec-1 (-x) = π - sec-1(x).

 tan
−1
3 − sec −1 (−2) = π − (π − π ) = −𝝅
𝟑
3 3

Ans: (c)

4 𝜋 −1
The value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 [ 3 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 2 )] is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 2

Solution: We have sin-1 (-x) = - sin-1(x)

26
 π  − 1   π  − π  π
 sin  − sin −1   = sin  −   = sin   = 1
3  2   3  6  2

Ans: (b)

5 −7𝜋
The principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )) is
3

(a) 7π (b) π (iii) − π (d) − 7π

3 3 3 3

Solution: We have cos(−𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

 − 7π   7π 
 cos −1 cos −1
 = cos cos 
 3   3 

−1  π
= cos cos 2π + 
 3

π
= cos cos  = π
−1

3 3

Ans: (b)

6 The value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √3 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( − √3) is

π −π −π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 3 6

−1 π
−1 π
Solution: cot (− 3 ) = π − cot ( 3 ) = π − = 5
6 6

 tan
−1
3 − cot −1 (− 3 ) = π − 5π = − π
3 6 2

Ans: (b)
𝜋
7 The value of 𝑥 if 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥 = 2

1 π
(a) 3 (b) − 3 (c) (d)
3 6

Solution:
π π π π
cot −1 x = − tan −1 3 = − =
2 2 3 6

π
 x = cot = 3
6

Ans: (a)

27
 𝜋
8 The value of 𝑥 if 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑐 −1 𝑥 = 2

3
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) (d) −2
2

Solution:

π π π π
cos ec −1 x = − sec −1 3 = − =
2 2 3 6

π
 x = cos ec =2
6

Ans: (b)

9 If 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑦 then the principal value of 𝑦 is:

(a) 0  y  π (b) − π  y  π c) − π  y  π (d) 0  y  π

2 2 2 2

Ans: (b)

10 If 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑦 then the principal value of y is:

−π π −π π
(a) 0  y  π (b) y c) y (d) 0  y  π
2 2 2 2

Ans: (c)

CHAPTER VIDEO LINK FOR MCQs SCAN QR CODE FOR

VIDEO

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS https://youtu.be/wGsA6WJXvP8

EXERCISE
3
The value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 4) is :
1
3 4 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 4 7

28
 4
Answer: (b)
5
2 5𝜋
The principal value of : 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 4 )]`
(a) 5π (b) π (iii) − π (d) 1
4 4 4
𝜋
Answer: (b) 4

3 7
The value of 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 25) is :
(a) 7 (b) 24 (c) 7 (d) 25
24 25 25 7
7
Answer: (a)
24
4 14𝜋
The value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )) is :
3

(a) 14π (b) π (c) 2π (d) 4π

3 3 3 3
2π
Answer: (c)
3

5 1
The value of 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (2) + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1(1)
7π 3π 2π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 4 3 4
7π
Answer:(a)
12

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of

Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
1 7𝜋 5𝜋
ASSERTION (A): Principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 6 ) 𝑖𝑠 6
REASON (R): Range of principal branch of cos-1 is [ 0, π] and cos-1(cosx) = x
if xϵ [ 0, π].
Ans: (a)

2 13𝜋 𝜋
ASSERTION (A): Principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑖𝑠
6 6
REASON (R): sin-1 (-x) = - sin-1(x)
Ans:(b)
−𝜋
3 ASSERTION (A): Principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1(−1) = 2
REASON (R): sin-1 (-x) = - sin-1(x)
Ans: (a)

29
4 3𝜋 3𝜋
ASSERTION (A): Principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 5 ) = 5
− π π 
REASON (R): sin −1 sin (x ) = x, x   , 
 2 2
Ans: (d)

5 −1 1
ASSERTION (A): The principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )`
√2 √2
REASON (R): cosine function is an even function, therefore cos(−𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥.
Ans: (d)

6 −1 1
ASSERTION (A): The principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 2 ) = 𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (2)`
REASON (R): Range of cos-1x is [0, π]
Ans: (b)

7 −𝜋 −𝜋
ASSERTION (A): The principal value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 2 )] = `
2
REASON (R): tan-1 (-x) = tan-1(x)
Ans: (d)

8 −𝜋 −𝜋
ASSERTION (A): The principal value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 4 ) = 4
`
−𝜋 𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋
REASON (R): Range of tan-1 x is ( 2 , 2 ), tan-1 (tanx) = x if xϵ ( 2 , 2 )
Ans: (a)

9 ASSERTION(A): One branch of 𝑐𝑜𝑠-1𝑥 other than the principal value

branch is [𝜋, 2𝜋]
−𝜋
REASON (R): 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 2 ) = −1
Ans: (c)

10 ASSERTION (A): One branch of 𝑠𝑖𝑛-1𝑥 other than the principal value branch is
𝜋 3𝜋
[2 , 2 ]
3𝜋 𝜋
REASON (R): 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 2 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 2 ) = 1
Ans: (c)

EXERCISE

1 ASSERTION (A): 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) = √1 − 𝑥 2 , |𝑥| ≤ 1

REASON (R): Because 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1
Answer: (b)
2 −𝜋 −𝜋
ASSERTION (A): The principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 [𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )] =
4 4
REASON (R): Range of cos-1 𝑥 is [0, 𝜋] cos-1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = 𝑥 if 𝑥𝜖 [0, 𝜋]
Answer: (d)
3 𝟐
ASSERTION (A): The principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛[𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1))] = √𝟑

30
 −π π
REASON (R): Range of tan-1 x is  ,  tan-1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥) = 𝑥 if 𝑥𝜖
 2 2 ,
−π π
 , 
 2 2
Answer: (b)
4 −𝜋 𝜋
ASSERTION (A): The principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) = `
4 4
REASON (R): Cosine function is an even function, therefore cos(−𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥.
and cos-1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = 𝑥 if 𝑥𝜖 [0, 𝜋]

Answer: (a)
5 3 3
ASSERTION (A): The value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 [2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (4)] = 4
REASON (R): 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [−1, ,1]
Answer: (d)

2 MARK QUESTIONS

1 2𝜋 2𝜋
Find the value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 3 )] + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 [𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 3 )].

2𝜋 𝜋
Solution: We have 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 3 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋 − 3 )

𝜋
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (3 )
𝜋
= 3

2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 3 ) = 3

−1 2𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 3 ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 3 ) = 3 + =𝜋
3

2 1
Find the value of: 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [2 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (2))]

Solution:

1 𝜋 √3 𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [2 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (2))]=𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [2 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 6 )]=𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [2 × ]=𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1
√3=
2 3

3 Find the value of: 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [2 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 2 ))]

√3

Solution:
√3 𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [2 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 2 ))]=𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [2 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2 × 6 )]

√3 𝜋
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [2 × ]=𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √3=3
2

4 1
If 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (5) = 𝑥, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 sin 𝑥
,

31
 1
Solution: 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 = 5
5
 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 =
√26

5 −1
Find the value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 2 ) + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (
−√3
)
2

−1 1 𝜋
Solution: 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 2 ) = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (2) = − 6

−√3 √3 𝜋 5𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) = 𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 2 ) = 𝜋 − 6 =
2 6

−1 −1 −√3 −𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋
 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2) + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )= +2× =
2 6 6 2
𝑥
6 Show that for |𝑥| < 1, 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥) = √1+𝑥 2

Solution:

Let 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑦

 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑥
 L H S = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 = √1+𝑥 2 =𝑅 𝐻 𝑆

7 1
Prove that: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 4) =
3 4−√7
3

3
Solution: Let 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 4 = 𝑥
3
 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 4

√7
 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 4

√7
𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 1− 4−√7
4
L H S = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 = √1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = √ √7
= = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
1+ 3
4

8 1 𝜋
Find the value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 5 − 4 )
1
Solution: Let 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 5 = 𝑥
1
 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 5
𝜋
1 𝜋 𝜋 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑥−𝑡𝑎𝑛 −7
 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 5 − 4 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2𝑥 − 4 ) = 4
𝜋 =
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 17
4

1
2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 2× 5
5
where, 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑥 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 = 1 2
= 12
1−( )
5

32
9 −1 −1
Find the value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 2 ) + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 2 ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1)

−1 1 𝜋
Solution: 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 2 ) = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (2) = − 6

−1 1 𝜋 2𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 2 ) = 𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (2) = 𝜋 − 3 = 3
𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1) == 4

−1 −1 −1 −𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2) + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 2 ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1) = + +4=
6 3 4

10 3
Find the value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 5)

3
Solution: Let 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (5) = 𝜃
3
 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 5

3
 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 5) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
3 4 24
= 2 × 5 × 5 = 25

2 MARKS

1 5
Find the value of sin [2 cot −1 (− 12)]
120
Answer: − 169
2 𝜋 1
Find the value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛 [ 6 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )]
√3
Answer: 0
3 Find the value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥) in terms of 𝑥
1
Answer: √1+𝑥 2
4 4
Find the value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 [𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (3)]
3
Answer: 5

5 7𝜋 7𝜋
Find the principal of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 6 ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( 6 )
𝜋
Answer: 3

33