QUANTITATIVE ABILITY HANDOUT

(Statistics)

Directions for questions 1 to 10: Solve the following questions.

1. Find the arithmetic mean of the following (ii) If the difference between the mean and the
observations. median of a moderately symmetric distribution
(i) 31, 45, 21, 15, 19, 25 is 36, find the difference between the mean and
(ii) 17, 23, 26, 20, 32, 29 the mode.
2. Find the geometric mean of the following 7. (i) Find the range of the observations 21, 14, 16,
observations. 12, 15, 13, 23, 18, 25, 32, 26 and 10.
(i) 36, 60, 180, 540, 900 (ii) If the range of 30, 28, x, 12, 23 and 35 is 24,
(ii) 6, 36, 216, 1296, 7776 find the value of x.
(iii) 3, 9, 27, 81, 243, 729 (iii) If the range of 37, 35, x, 19, 30 and 42 is 23,find
the number of integral values that x can take.
3. (i) Find the harmonic mean of , , and .
(ii) If the arithmetic mean and the geometric mean 8. Find the quartile deviation of the following
of two numbers are 48 and 36 respectively,find observations.
their harmonic mean. (i) 28, 26, 20, 17, 32, 43, 49, 41, 34, 36, 38
(ii) 23, 21, 15, 12, 27, 38, 44
4. (i) Find the median of the observations 32, 48,
36, 43, 30, 37 and 41. 9. (i) Find the mean deviation of the observations
(ii) Find the median of the observations 38, 54, 42, 30, 23, 14, 32 and 31 about their mean.
49, 36, 46, 43 and 53. (ii) Find the mean deviation of the observations
(iii) Find the range of values that the median of the 28, 37, 31, 21, 25, 38, 42 and 55 about their
observations 23, 21, 15, 27, x, 32 and 12 can median.
take. (iii) Find the mean deviation of 30 and 40.
5. Find the mode of the following observations. 10. Find the standard deviation of the following
(i) 29, 22, 24, 29, 23, 22, 28, 23, 29, 40, 29, 25 observations.
(ii) 35, 28, 30, 30, 30, 35, 35, 34, 36, 43, 34,36 (i) 30, 22, 19, 28 and 26.
(ii) 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40.
6. (i) If the mean and the median of a moderately (iii) x, x, x, x, x, x and x + 7.
symmetric distribution are 40.5 and 33 respectively,
find the mode.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

Directions for questions 1 to 5:Solve the following questions.

1. (i) If the arithmetic mean of 4, 7, 11, 22, 27, 31

and 38 is 20,find the arithmetic mean of 13,
4. (i) If the variance of , , ,…..
25, 41, 85 105, 121 and 149. is p ,find the standard deviation of x1, x2, x3,
2

(ii) Find the arithmetic mean of 312, 335, 343, …. xn.

384, 353 and 361. (ii) If the standard deviation of 4x1 + 7, 4x2 + 7,
(iii) The arithmetic mean of 20 observations was 4x3 + 7…., 4x15 + 7 is 4n, find the variance of
calculated as 53. Later it was found that two 5x1 + 11, 5x2 + 11, 5x3 + 11, …… 5x15 +11.
observations 63 and 48 were mistakenly
taken as 36 and 84. Find the correct mean. 5. (i) Find the mean, median and mode of the
following data.
2. (i) The median of 15 observations is 29. If two
new observations 21 and 35 are included, x 11 13 15 17 19
find the new median.
(ii) The median of 19 observations is 25. If each f 2 4 6 8 10
observation less than the median is decreased
by 6 and each observation more than the (ii) Find the mean, median and mode of the
median is increased by 9, find the new median. following data.
3. If the difference between the mode and the mean of CI 0 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 15 15 - 20 20 - 25
a moderately symmetric distribution is 42, find the
difference between the mode and the median of the f 8 11 15 10 6
distribution.
 Solutions
Solutions for questions 1 to 10: (ii) Given observations in ascending order are 17, 20, 23,
26, 29, 32
sum of all the observations The observations are in A.P
1. (i) Arithmetic mean = First term + last term
total number of observations Arithmetic mean =
2
31 + 45 + 21 + 15 + 19 + 25 17 + 32 49
= = 26 = = = 24.5
6 2 2

2. (i) Geometric mean of a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 is

5
√a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5
5
= √36 × 60 × 180 × 540 × 900
5
= √ 32 × 22 × 5 × 3 × 22 × 32 × 22 × 5 × 3 3 × 22 × 5 × 32 × 22 × 52
5
= √310 × 210 × 55 = 32 × 22 × 5 = 180.
1+2+3+4+5
5
(ii) Geometric mean = √61 . 62 . 63 . 64 . 65 = 6 5 = 63 = 216
6
(iii) Geometric mean = √31 . 32 . 33 . 34 . 35 . 36
1+2+3+4+5+6
= 3 6 = 37/2

3. (i) Harmonic mean of four observations is 5. (i) Mode is the most repeated observation of the data
4 hence mode is 29.
(ii) Here, 30 and 35 are repeated same number of times,
1 1 1 1
+ + + ∴ The given data has two modes which are 30, 35.
a1 a2 a3 a4
6. (i) mode = 3 median – 2 mean
4 1 = 3 × 33 – 2 × 40.5
= = = 99 – 81 = 18
15 + 17 + 19 + 21 18
(ii) Given, mean – median = 36
(ii) we know that (GM)2 = AM × HM Mean – mode = mean – (3 median – 2 mean)
(36)2 = 48 × HM Mean – mode = 3 (mean – median)
(36)2 = 3 × 36 = 108.
HM = = 27
48 7. (i) Range = maximum value – minimum value
= 32 – 10 = 22.
4. (i) The ascending order of the observations is 30, 32, 36, (ii) Except x, maximum value = 35
37, 41, 43, 48. The middle term of the observations is Minimum value is 12.
37. Range = 35 – 12 = 23 but given range is 24
∴ median = 37 Case 1:
(ii) The ascending order of the observations is 36, 38, 42, If x is maximum
43, 46, 49, 53, 54 ⇒ x – 12 = 24 ⇒ x = 36
∴ The two middle terms of the observations are 43, 46 Case 2:
43+46 89 If x is minimum.
∴ Median = = = 44.5 35 – x = 24 ⇒ x = 11.
2 2
(iii) The ascending order of the observations except x is (iii) Range = maximum value – minimum value
12, 15, 21, 23, 27, 32 = 42 – 19 = 23
Case 1  x is neither maximum nor minimum
x ≥ 23, ascending order including x is 12, 15, 21, 23, x, X ∈ [19, 42]
27, 32  Number of values x can take = 24
Fourth observation is 23, median = 23
Case 2 8. (i) The ascending order of the given observations is
x ≤ 21, ascending order with x is 12, 15, x, 21, 23, 27, 17, 20, 26, 28, 32, 34, 36, 38, 41, 43, 49
32
Median = 21 n+1 th 12
Q1 = ( ) observation = = 3rd observation = 26
Case 3 4 4
21<x<23, 12, 15, 21, x, 23, 27, 32
n+1 th
fourth observation is x Q3 = 3 ( ) observation = 9th observation = 41
4
∴ median is x Q3 −Q1 41−26 15
∴ Range of the median of the observations is [21, 23] .Q. D = = = = 7.5
2 2 2
(ii) The ascending order of the given observations, is 12, 15, 7+1 th
21, 23, 27, 38, 44 Q3 = 3 ( ) observation = 6th observation = 38
4
7+1 th
Q1 = ( ) observation = 2nd observation = 15 Q3 −Q1 38−15 23
4 Q. D = = = = 11.5
2 2 2

30 + 23 + 14 + 32 + 31 130
9. (i) Mean = = = 26
5 5
∑|Xi −A|
Mean deviation =
n
|30 –26|+|23 –26|+|14 –26|+ |32 –26|+ |31 –26|
=
5
4+3+12+6+5 30
.= = =6
5 5

(ii) The ascending order of the observations is 21, 25, 28, 31, 37, 38, 42, 55.

4th + 5th 31+37

Median = observation = = 34
2 2
∑|xi −A|
Mean Deviation =
n
13+9+6+3+3+4+8+21 67
= 8
= 8
|a – b|
(iii) Mean deviation of a and b is
2

|30 – 40|
∴ Required mean deviation = =5
2

10. (i) AM of 30, 22, 19, 28 and 26 is (A) = 25 SD(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7)

7
Σ(xi −A)2 AM of (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7) is = 1
7
SD = √
n Σ(xi −A)2
SD = √ n
52 +32 +62 +32 +12 80
=√ =√ = √16 = 4
5 5 12 +12 +12 +12 +12 +12 +62
= √ 7
(ii) The given observations are in AP
n2 −1
∴ SD = |c. d|√ =√
42
= √6
12
7
72 −1
= 5√ = 5 × √4 = 10
12

(iii) SD (x, x, x, x, x, x, x + 7) =

Solutions for Additional Questions for Practice

Solutions for questions 1 to 5: 2. (i) Let the 15 observations be x1, x2, x3, …. x8, x9, ….., x15
Given median = 29  x8 = 29
1. (i) Given AM (4, 7, 11, 22, 27, 31, 38) is 20 Since we include two observations i.e, one less than
AM (13, 25, 41, 85, 105, 121, 149) median and the other more than median, so middle
= AM (4(4) – 3, 4(7) – 3, 4(11) – 3, 4(22) – 3, 4(27) – observation is not changed.
3, 4(31) – 3, 4(38) – 3) Hence median of new observations is 29.
= 4 AM (4, 7, 11, 22, 27, 31, 38) – 3 (ii) Let the 19 observations be x1, x2, x3, …. X10, x11, …..
= 4 × 20 – 3 = 77 x19.
(ii) AM(0, 23, 31, 72, 41, 49) Given x10 = 25
23 + 31 + 72 + 41 + 49 + 0 216 New observations are
= = = 36
6 6 x1 – 6, x2 – 6, … x9 – 6, x10(25), x11 + 9, x12 + 9, …x19 + 9
AM (312, 335, 343, 384, 353, 361) ∴ Median = x10 ie = 25
= AM (312 + 0, 312 + 23, 312 + 31, 312 + 72, 312 +
41, 312 + 49) 3. Given mode – mean = 42
= 312 + AM (0, 23, 31, 72, 41, 49) 3 median – 2 mean – mean = 42
= 312 + 36 = 348. ⇒ 3 (median – mean) = 42
(iii) The sum of 20 observations = 20 × 53 = 1060.
According to the equations, sum of the actual ⇒ median – mean = 14
observations = 1060 + 111 – 120 = 1051. Mode – median = 3 median – 2mean – median
1051 = 2 (median – mean)
∴ Correct mean = = 52.55
20 = 2 × 14 = 28.
 x +a x +a x +a
4. (i) Given variance ( 1 , 2 , n ) = p2 (ii)
9 9 9
x1 +a x2 +a xn +a C.I F x fx Cumulative
∴ SD ( , , …. )=p
9 9 9 frequency
0–5 8 2.5 20 8
⇒ SD(x1 + a, x2 + a, … xn + a) = 9p 5 – 10 11 7.5 82.5 19 (m)
10 – 15 15 12.5 187.5 34 (mc)
⇒ SD(x1, x2, …. xn) = 9p 15 – 20 10 17.5 175 44
(ii) Given SD(4x1 + 7, 4x2 + 7, …. 4x15 + 7) is 4n 20 – 25 6 22.5 135 50
∑f = 50 ∑fx = 600
∴ SD(4x1, 4x2, 4x3, ….. 4x15) = 4n
SD(x1, x2, x3, ….. x15) = n ∑fx 600
SD(5x1, 5x2 + 11, ….. 5x15 + 11) = 5n ∴ mean = = = 12
∑f 50
Variance (5x1 + 11, 5x2 + 11, ….. 5x15 + 11) = 25n2
N 50
5. (i) N = 50, = = 25
2 2

Cumulative M = 19, L = 10; C = 5

X f fx
frequency
N
( −m)
2
Median = L + ×c
f
11 2 22 2
13 4 52 6 25−19
15 6 90 12 = 10 + [ ] × 5 = 12
15
17 8 136 20
19 10 190 30 Mode:
f = 15, f1 = 11; f2 = 10.
Δ1 = f – f1 = 15 – 11 = 4
∑f = 30 ∑fx = 490 Δ2 = f – f2 = 15 – 10 = 5

∑fx 490 49 Δ1
∴ mean = = = Mode = L + ×C
∑f 30 3 Δ1 +Δ2

n+1 th 31 th 4
median = ( ) observation = ( ) = 10 + × 5 = 10 + 2.2 = 12.2
2 2 4+5
= 16th observation = 17
Mode is the observation corresponding to the highest
frequency which is 19.