Part A – Definitions (10)
1. Latitude – Distance of a place north or south of the equator measured in degrees.
2. Longitude – Distance of a place east or west of the Prime Meridian measured in degrees.
3. Tropic of Cancer – The latitude at 23°30’ North that divides India into almost two equal
parts.
4. Standard Meridian of India – The longitude at 82°30’ East used to determine the standard
time for the whole country.
5. Neighbouring Countries – Countries that share land or maritime boundaries with India.
6. Mainland – The main continuous landmass of a country excluding islands.
7. Land Boundary – The total length of borders shared by India with other countries (15,200
km).
8. Coastline – The length of India’s sea coast including islands (7,516.6 km).
9. Mainland States – 28 states that form the major continuous land area of India.
10. Islands of India – Land masses surrounded by water on all sides, like Andaman &
Nicobar and Lakshadweep.
Very Short Answers (30)
1. Q: Latitudinal extent of India?
A: 8°4’ N to 37°6’ N.
2. Q: Longitudinal extent of India?
A: 68°7’ E to 97°25’ E.
3. Q: Total land area of India?
A: 3.28 million sq. km.
4. Q: India’s rank in world area?
A: Seventh.
5. Q: Total land boundary length?
A: 15,200 km.
6. Q: Total coastline length?
A: 7,516.6 km.
7. Q: Number of states in India?
A: 28.
8. Q: Number of union territories?
A: 8.
9. Q: Which latitude passes almost midway through India?
A: Tropic of Cancer (23°30’ N).
10. Q: Standard Meridian of India?
A: 82°30’ E.
11. Q: Name the neighbouring countries to the north-west.
A: Pakistan and Afghanistan.
12. Q: Name the neighbouring countries to the north.
A: China, Nepal, Bhutan.
13. Q: Name the neighbouring countries to the east.
A: Myanmar and Bangladesh.
14. Q: Nearest island country to the south?
A: Sri Lanka.
15. Q: Which water body separates India and Sri Lanka?
A: Palk Strait.
16. Q: Which water body is to the west of India?
A: Arabian Sea.
17. Q: Which water body is to the east of India?
A: Bay of Bengal.
18. Q: Which ocean is to the south of India?
A: Indian Ocean.
19. Q: India’s position in Indian Ocean trade routes?
A: Centrally located.
20. Q: Which country is an island neighbour to the south-west?
A: Maldives.
21. Q: From which country did India get its name?
A: From the river Indus.
22. Q: Which region of India has the longest coast?
A: Gujarat.
23. Q: Which island group is in the Arabian Sea?
A: Lakshadweep Islands.
24. Q: Which island group is in the Bay of Bengal?
A: Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
25. Q: Which is the southernmost point of India?
A: Indira Point.
26. Q: Which is the southernmost mainland point?
A: Kanyakumari.
27. Q: What is the latitudinal difference between north and south of India?
A: 3,214 km.
28. Q: Which ocean is named after India?
A: Indian Ocean.
29. Q: Why does India have time difference from east to west?
A: Due to longitudinal extent.
30. Q: What is India’s importance in world affairs?
A: Strategic central location in Asia and Indian Ocean.
Part C – Short Questions (10)
1. Q: State the significance of the Tropic of Cancer in India’s geography.
A: It divides India into two halves – northern and southern – affecting climate, vegetation,
and culture.
2. Q: Name India’s neighbouring countries.
A: Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka,
Maldives.
3. Q: Why does India have a central location in the Indian Ocean?
A: It is located between East and West Asia and between major sea routes.
4. Q: Why is the difference in time between Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat about 2
hours?
A: Because of longitudinal extent (68°E to 97°E) but India uses one standard time.
5. Q: Name two island groups of India.
A: Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep.
6. Q: What is the southernmost point of India and where is it located?
A: Indira Point, Nicobar Islands.
7. Q: Which countries share the longest land boundary with India?
A: Bangladesh.
8. Q: What is the latitudinal extent of India and its implications?
A: 8°4’ N to 37°6’ N – causes tropical and subtropical climates.
9. Q: Why is Sri Lanka closer to Tamil Nadu?
A: Separated only by Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar.
10. Q: Which sea routes connect India to Europe and East Asia?
A: Suez Canal route and Cape of Good Hope route.
Long Questions (10)
1. Q: Explain India’s size and location in the world.
A: India is the 7th largest country, 3.28 million sq km in area, lies entirely in the Northern
Hemisphere, centrally located in Asia, surrounded by seas on three sides, sharing borders
with many countries.
2. Q: Describe India’s neighbouring countries and their location with respect to India.
A: North-west: Pakistan, Afghanistan; North: China, Nepal, Bhutan; East: Myanmar,
Bangladesh; South: Sri Lanka, Maldives.
3. Q: Discuss the significance of India’s location in Asia.
A: Central location facilitates trade, cultural exchange, influence over Indian Ocean,
connects East and West.
4. Q: Explain how India’s location is beneficial for international trade.
A: Central in Indian Ocean, near Suez Canal, connects Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia,
reduces travel time.
5. Q: Why is the Standard Meridian of India at 82°30’ E chosen?
A: Passes through Mirzapur, centrally located, balances time difference across country.
6. Q: How does latitudinal extent influence India’s climate?
A: Northern half – subtropical climate; Southern half – tropical climate; variation in
seasons.
7. Q: Write a note on India’s coastline.
A: 7,516.6 km long, includes mainland and islands, important for fishing, trade, tourism.
8. Q: Mention the importance of Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands.
A: Strategic defense posts, biodiversity hotspots, tourism hubs.
9. Q: Describe the longitudinal extent of India and its effect.
A: 68°7’ E to 97°25’ E – 2 hours time difference east to west; one standard time zone used.
10. Q: Explain how India’s central location in the Indian Ocean helped in ancient times.
A: Enabled cultural exchange, trade of spices and textiles, spread of religion and art.
