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Collection Highlights

Data Journalism A Story Driven Approach to Learning Data

Reporting Mike Reilley

AI in Clinical Practice: A Guide to Artificial

Intelligence and Digital Medicine 1st Edition Giampaolo
Collecchia

Mike Meyers CompTIA A Guide To 7th Edition Mike Meyers

Engaging Chinese Students in Teaching and Learning at

Western Higher Education Institutions 1st Edition Karen
Burrows
How Modeling Can Inform Strategies to Improve Population
Health Workshop Summary 1st Edition And Medicine
Engineering National Academies Of Sciences

The Watson Girl Tess Winnett 1st Edition Wolfe Leslie

Discrete Time Semi Markov Random Evolutions and Their

Applications 1st Edition Nikolaos Limnios Anatoliy
Swishchuk

The Garbage Collection Handbook: The Art of Automatic

Memory Management, 2nd Edition Richard Jones & Antony
Hosking & Eliot Moss

Hellfire 1st Edition Miss Renae

We Are Not Broken 1st Edition Nadine Little
The Journalist’s Toolbox

Focusing on the “how” and “why” of digital reporting, this interactive

textbook equips readers with all the skills they need to succeed in today’s
multimedia reporting landscape.
The Journalist’s Toolbox is an extension of the JournalistsToolbox.ai website,
which provides links to tools, organized by beats and topics, as well as social
channels, a newsletter, and more than 95 training videos relevant to journalists.
This handbook offers a deep dive into these digital resources, explaining how
they can be manipulated to build multimedia stories online and in broadcast.
It covers all the basics of data journalism, fact-checking, using social media,
editing and ethics, as well as video, photo, and audio production and
storytelling. The book considers digital journalism from a global perspective,
including examples and interviews with journalists from around the world.
Packed full of hands-on exercises and insider tips, The Journalist’s Toolbox is
an essential companion for students of online/digital journalism, multimedia
storytelling and advanced reporting. This book will also make an ideal reference
for practicing journalists looking to hone their craft.
This book is supported by training videos, interactive charts and a pop-up
glossary of key terms which are available as part of an interactive e-book+ or
online for those using the print book.

Mike Reilley teaches data and digital journalism at the University of Illinois at
Chicago, USA. A former reporter at the Los Angeles Times and web producer
at the Chicago Tribune and WashingtonPost.com, Mike is an early adopter of
web and data technologies in journalism. He’s taught full-time for 20 years at
Northwestern, Arizona State, DePaul and UIC.

Mike founded the digital resources site JournalistsToolbox.org in 1996 and

currently operates a new AI-focused site, JournalistsToolbox.ai. He also consults
with newsrooms on digital tools and has trained thousands of journalists around
the world on Google News Initiative tools. He is co-author of the Routledge
textbook Data + Journalism with investigative reporter Samantha Sunne.

Mike and his students cover Chicago urban issues through data reporting on
RedLineProject.news. Mike speaks at dozens of journalism conferences and
has a large following on his @itsmikereilley Twitter account.
The Journalist’s Toolbox
A Guide to Digital Reporting and AI

Mike Reilley
Designed cover image: Illustration by Billy O’Keefe
First published 2024
by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
and by Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa
business
© 2024 Mike Reilley
The right of Mike Reilley to be identified as author of this work has
been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
ISBN: 978-1-032-46021-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-46020-8 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-43178-7 (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-46022-2 (eBook+)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003431787
Typeset in Galliard
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Access the Support Material: www.routledge.com/9781032460208
To all of my mentors, especially Neil Chase, the late
Daryl Blue and the late Steve Buttry.
And to my mother-in-law, Angela, maker of
all things pasta . . .
– Mike
Contents

Acknowledgments viii

Introduction 1

1 Reporting, Writing and Editing 13

2 Searching the Web and Using AI in Research 44

3 Fact-Checking and Building Trust 65

4 Social Media 81

5 Data Journalism 114

6 Mobile Journalism 141

7 Multimedia: Podcasting | Audio | Photo Editing 169

8 Google Earth | Satellite Imagery 187

9 Artificial Intelligence | Productivity Tools 206

10 AI | Productivity Tools and Exercises 233

11 Digital Security | Advanced ChatGPT and

Data Visualization Exercises 255

Index277
Acknowledgments

There are many people who helped with the writing and publishing of this
book. Being an author can be challenging, but a great support team and
cooperation from many professional journalists made it much easier. I’m
grateful for my publisher, Routledge, and the fantastic team of Lizzie Cox and
Hannah McKeating, who helped me navigate this process once again. Their
patience, sound advice and quick responses helped make it a smooth one.
I also need to thank the many professional journalists and college professors
who contributed interviews and exercises: Victor Hernandez, chief content
officer at WBUR in Boston; USC professor Amara Aguilar; CUNY profes-
sor and Wonder Tools newsletter author Jeremy Caplan; Cincinnati Enquirer
reporter Patti Gallagher Newberry; University of Nebraska journalism profes-
sor Chris Graves; Samantha Sunne; and Tom Johnson of the Guardian US. All
are masters of their craft and offer innovative examples of how to use digital
tools to create incredible storytelling.
When I needed help on shooting and editing content for mobile, I went
to two of the best in the business: Robb Montgomery of the Smart Film
School and author of Mobile Journalism and Rob Layton, Assistant Profes-
sor of Mobile Journalism at Bond University on Australia’s Gold Coast.
They’re both doing innovative visual storytelling using apps on phones
and tablets.
Mackenzie Warren, former director of digital strategy at Gannett, lends
his expertise on the big picture: how digital tools figure into the storytell-
ing process and to properly implement them. Warren now oversees the local
news accelerator at his alma mater, Northwestern University’s Medill School
of Journalism, and offers insight on how to implement these tools at the
local level.
No journalism book would be complete without exploring the broadening
horizons of data storytelling. CBS 2 Chicago’s Elliott Ramos, the BBC’s John
Walton and Andy Boyle, a data contributor for the Chicago Sun-Times, pro-
vide tips and examples for practical applications. I’ll contribute several exer-
cises from my newsroom trainings so you’ll have work samples to show by the
time you finish the chapter.
 Acknowledgments ix

You may have noticed the wonderful book cover and illustrations, the
handiwork of longtime friend and collaborator Billy O’Keefe, who also helped
me design the Journalist’s Toolbox websites.
Another key player in the development of this book has been Zizi
­Papacharissi, the communication department chair at the University of Illinois-­
Chicago. Her guidance helped me not only with this textbook but also my first
book, Data + Journalism, which I coauthored with Sunne.
Introduction

The Journalist’s Toolbox and the Dawn of the Internet Era

There were no start-up incubators or “a-ha” moments when I founded Jour-
nalist’s Toolbox more than a quarter of a century ago.
It just sort of . . . happened. And over time, it evolved into the AI tools and
training hub it is today.
It started in 1996, when Professor Neil Chase invited me to teach some
“new media” labs at Northwestern University’s Medill School of Journalism.
I was only a year removed from graduate school at Medill and needed the
money, so I took him up on the offer.
I didn’t have much time on my hands. I was one of the founding editors
at ChicagoTribune.com back then, and we hard-coded web pages as content
management systems were only a twinkle in some developer’s eye. So, on
Tuesday evenings, I would trek to Evanston and teach print and broadcast
students how to build web pages, code and edit photos in Photoshop.
Later that year, I started teaching newswriting and reporting courses part-
time at Medill. Classroom management tools such as Blackboard and Desire-
2Learn didn’t exist in the 1990s, so I hard-coded a website that hosted my
course syllabi and other class materials. I posted it on the open web so anyone
could learn from them, not just my students.
One page on that site was named “Toolbox,” a list of 10 links to crime
databases, OpenSecrets.org, Congressional Quarterly and a few other sites
and databases that students could use for reporting news stories. I taught the
intrepid sophomores how to analyze crime data in spreadsheets to write sto-
ries, track how their home-state senators were voting in Washington and, more
importantly, how to use OpenSecrets to find what special interest groups were
making campaign contributions to the senators. It combined public records
and database reporting with the newest technology available at the time.
Over the next four years, that page of links grew to several hundred tools
as students returned from internships and shared resources they picked up in
newsrooms. I started searching for more resources in Yahoo and an upstart
search engine at the time called Google.

DOI: 10.4324/9781003431787-1
2 Introduction

Figure 0.1 Intro

Source: Illustration by Billy O’Keefe

By the time I left Medill for a WashingtonPost.com fellowship in 2000, the

single “Toolbox” page had grown to several pages with a few thousand links.
I moved the pages over to a free Yahoo GeoCities server – a place where many
people launched their first websites – and continued to update it. I added a
header graphic and called it “The Journalist’s Toolbox.”
At the Post, I noticed the site would appear on reporters’ screens from
time to time. Search engines were indexing it, and reporters, editors and news
librarians were bookmarking it after stumbling across the site in broad web
searches.
“Do more,” the reporters told me. “This saves us time.” That’s because the
site was doing something an algorithm could not: It was built by someone
who thought like a journalist. I had spent nearly a decade as a reporter, copy
editor and web producer at the Los Angeles Times, the Chicago Tribune and
the Post. I knew how to research stories. I knew how to find things online.
The site started to come together.
By 2002, the Toolbox was attracting several thousand visitors per month.
I bought the JournalistsToolbox.org and. com web addresses. I emailed the
links to hundreds of journalists around the world and asked them to share
it with their staff. By the end of the year, I contacted several journalism
 Introduction 3

organizations to see if they wanted to buy the site. Back then, there were no
start-up incubators or funding, and it was difficult to charge people to use the
site because secure credit card software was in its infancy, making it hard to
set up a paywall.
The American Press Institute (API) bought the site from me and agreed to
pay me monthly to update the site. After five years, API sold the site – and my
services as editor – to the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ).
So what started as an experiment for a rookie college journalism professor
has blossomed over the next two decades into an international brand. Today,
the Toolbox features links to thousands of resources.
SPJ defunded my JournalistsToolbox.org work in May 2023, ending my
27 years as that site’s editor. Since I own the Toolbox trademark, I launched
the new site, JournalistsToolbox.ai, with a focus on how journalists can use
artificial intelligence to improve workflow, debunk fake news and more.
Launched in June 2023, its sole purpose is to help journalists ethically and
effectively navigate the murky waters of AI. It offers more than 90 training vid-
eos on how to use digital tools. A twice-monthly newsletter shares resources
tips and tricks with more than 7,000 subscribers. My @itsmikereilley Twitter
account surpassed 50,000 followers by 2023.
***
So it only makes sense that The Journalist’s Toolbox would become a book.
Not just any book, but a handbook that journalism professors could use to
teach students starving for digital skills. And a handbook that provides pro-
fessional journalists guidance and examples of how to expand their digital
storytelling.

The Journalist’s Toolbox AI newsletter is published twice a month

and features tools, tips, tricks and training videos. Subscribe for free:
https://journaliststoolbox.substack.com.
The Journalist’s Toolbox AI YouTube channel features more than
95 training videos on tools for reporting, writing, data journalism,
mobile reporting, social media, fact-checking and more: https://bit.
ly/toolboxvid

***
4 Introduction

This book will explore how the Toolbox is being used by reporters and
editors all over the world. We’ll look at the evolution of digital journalism and
cover the key concepts and themes in the industry with mobile, social, eth-
ics/trust, artificial intelligence, multimedia, data and more. We’ll sprinkle in
anecdotes and examples of how simple, free tools can tell stories in new ways.
And we’ll hear from some industry experts about how those tools are used in
newsrooms.

A Cautionary Tale: It’s About the Journalism,

Not Just the Tools
Mackenzie Warren wore a variety of hats in 23 years working at Gannett news-
papers. Shortly before leaving for Northwestern’s Medill School to run its
local news accelerator program in early 2023, he oversaw digital training for
Gannett’s USA Today Network as a senior director.
At Gannett, Warren encouraged newsroom staffers to advance their
storytelling through interactive charts and maps, social media graphics,
data analysis, video and audio, etc. Not only did this improve the reader’s
online experience, it also increased the amount of time readers spent on the
websites.
It’s easy for journalists to learn a new tool or technique, then rush to use it
in a way that doesn’t advance the story. What good is an interactive map with
one or two pinpoints in it? Or a bar chart with no disparity in the data? Poor-
quality video and audio will turn a reader off quickly. None of it belongs in the
story just for the sake of it.
Warren warns to avoid “tool soup, which is trying to put a pinch of every-
thing into a story, for the sake of seeming thorough or well-rounded. Often
one single tool alone is enough to tell a story at a higher plane. It’s easy to go
overboard and overwhelm the reader.”
In other words, put the story first and foremost, then try to find the tools
to tell it.

Organizing Your Digital Life

For several years, I worked with Victor Hernandez, chief content officer at
WBUR in Boston, to train journalists at national conferences around the
country. We’d speak at NICAR, SPJ and other conventions about how to use
basic tools without breaking your budget or consuming too much time.
We heard common questions from our attendees: There are so many tools
on the market; which ones are the best for me? How can I find the time to
learn so many different tools? What tools can make me more efficient?
So during our talks, Hernandez always suggested journalists use this simple
approach when deciding what tools or mobile apps to use: (1) Pick, (2) Stick,
(3) Dig and (4) Dump.
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