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Collection Highlights

Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and

Leadership: Proceedings of the AHFE 2019 International
Conference on Human Factors, Business Management and
Society, and the AHFE International Conference on Human
Factors in Management and Leadership, Ju Jussi Ilari
Kantola

Advances in Safety Management and Human Factors:

Proceedings of the AHFE 2019 International Conference on
Safety Management and Human Factors, July 24-28, 2019,
Washington D.C., USA Pedro M. Arezes

Advances in Human Factors in Cybersecurity AHFE 2020

Virtual Conference on Human Factors in Cybersecurity July
16 20 2020 USA Isabella Corradini

Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics in Healthcare and

Medical Devices Nancy J. Lightner
Biota Grow 2C gather 2C cook Loucas

Advances in Safety Management and Human Performance

Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Safety
Management and Human Factors and Human Error Reliability
Resilience and Performance July 16 20 2020 USA Pedro M.
Arezes

Advances in Human Factors in Cybersecurity: Proceedings of

the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors in
Cybersecurity, July 24-28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA
Tareq Ahram

Advances in Human Factors and Simulation: Proceedings of

the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors
and Simulation, July 24-28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA
Daniel N. Cassenti

Advances in Human Factors of Transportation: Proceedings

of the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors
in Transportation, July 24-28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA
Neville Stanton
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 783

Jussi Ilari Kantola · Salman Nazir

Tibor Barath Editors

Advances in Human
Factors, Business
Management and Society
Proceedings of the AHFE 2018
International Conference on Human
Factors, Business Management and
Society, July 21–25, 2018, Loews
Sapphire Falls Resort at Universal
Studios, Orlando, Florida, USA
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Volume 783

Series editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
e-mail: [email protected]
The series “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” contains publications on theory,
applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent Computing. Virtually all
disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer and information science, ICT, economics,
business, e-commerce, environment, healthcare, life science are covered. The list of topics spans all the
areas of modern intelligent systems and computing such as: computational intelligence, soft computing
including neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computing and the fusion of these paradigms,
social intelligence, ambient intelligence, computational neuroscience, artificial life, virtual worlds and
society, cognitive science and systems, Perception and Vision, DNA and immune based systems,
self-organizing and adaptive systems, e-Learning and teaching, human-centered and human-centric
computing, recommender systems, intelligent control, robotics and mechatronics including
human-machine teaming, knowledge-based paradigms, learning paradigms, machine ethics, intelligent
data analysis, knowledge management, intelligent agents, intelligent decision making and support,
intelligent network security, trust management, interactive entertainment, Web intelligence and multimedia.
The publications within “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” are primarily proceedings
of important conferences, symposia and congresses. They cover significant recent developments in the
field, both of a foundational and applicable character. An important characteristic feature of the series is
the short publication time and world-wide distribution. This permits a rapid and broad dissemination of
research results.

Advisory Board
Chairman
Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
e-mail: [email protected]
Members
Rafael Bello Perez, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
e-mail: [email protected]
Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
e-mail: [email protected]
Hani Hagras, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
e-mail: [email protected]
László T. Kóczy, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
e-mail: [email protected]
Vladik Kreinovich, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
Chin-Teng Lin, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
e-mail: [email protected]
Jie Lu, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
e-mail: [email protected]
Patricia Melin, Tijuana Institute of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico
e-mail: [email protected]
Nadia Nedjah, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
e-mail: [email protected]
Ngoc Thanh Nguyen, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
e-mail: [email protected]
Jun Wang, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
e-mail: [email protected]

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11156

Jussi Ilari Kantola Salman Nazir
•

Tibor Barath
Editors

Advances in Human
Factors, Business
Management and Society
Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International
Conference on Human Factors, Business
Management and Society, July 21–25, 2018,
Loews Sapphire Falls Resort at Universal Studios, Orlando,
Florida, USA

123
Editors
Jussi Ilari Kantola Tibor Barath
School of Technology and Innovations Hungarian-Netherlands School of
University of Vaasa Educational Management
Vaasa, Finland University of Szeged
Szeged, Hungary
Salman Nazir
Institute of Maritime Operations
University College of Southeast Norway
Borre, Norway

ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic)

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
ISBN 978-3-319-94708-2 ISBN 978-3-319-94709-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94709-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018947427

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from
the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
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for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to
jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG
part of Springer Nature.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Advances in Human Factors
and Ergonomics 2018

AHFE 2018 Series Editors

Tareq Z. Ahram, Florida, USA
Waldemar Karwowski, Florida, USA

9th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics

and the Affiliated Conferences

Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Human Factors in

Management and Leadership, Business Management and Society and
Cross-Cultural Decision Making, held on July 21–25, 2018, in Loews Sapphire
Falls Resort at Universal Studios, Orlando, Florida, USA

Advances in Affective and Pleasurable Design Shuichi Fukuda

Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Hasan Ayaz and Lukasz Mazur
Engineering
Advances in Design for Inclusion Giuseppe Di Bucchianico
Advances in Ergonomics in Design Francisco Rebelo and Marcelo M.
Soares
Advances in Human Error, Reliability, Resilience, Ronald L. Boring
and Performance
Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics in Nancy J. Lightner
Healthcare and Medical Devices
Advances in Human Factors in Simulation and Daniel N. Cassenti
Modeling
Advances in Human Factors and Systems Isabel L. Nunes
Interaction
Advances in Human Factors in Cybersecurity Tareq Z. Ahram and Denise Nicholson
Advances in Human Factors, Business Jussi Ilari Kantola, Salman Nazir and
Management and Society Tibor Barath
Advances in Human Factors in Robots and Jessie Chen
Unmanned Systems
Advances in Human Factors in Training, Salman Nazir, Anna-Maria Teperi and
Education, and Learning Sciences Aleksandra Polak-Sopińska
(continued)

v
vi Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2018

(continued)
Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation Neville Stanton
Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Software and Tareq Z. Ahram
Systems Engineering
Advances in Human Factors, Sustainable Urban Jerzy Charytonowicz and Christianne
Planning and Infrastructure Falcão
Advances in Physical Ergonomics & Human Ravindra S. Goonetilleke and Waldemar
Factors Karwowski
Advances in Interdisciplinary Practice in WonJoon Chung and Cliff Sungsoo Shin
Industrial Design
Advances in Safety Management and Human Pedro Miguel Ferreira Martins Arezes
Factors
Advances in Social and Occupational Ergonomics Richard H. M. Goossens
Advances in Manufacturing, Production Waldemar Karwowski, Stefan
Management and Process Control Trzcielinski, Beata Mrugalska, Massimo
Di Nicolantonio and Emilio Rossi
Advances in Usability, User Experience and Tareq Z. Ahram and Christianne Falcão
Assistive Technology
Advances in Human Factors in Wearable Tareq Z. Ahram
Technologies and Game Design
Advances in Human Factors in Communication of Amic G. Ho
Design
Preface

This book provides researchers and practitioners a forum to share research and best
practices in the application of human factors to management and leadership. Just as
human factors have been applied to hardware, software, and the built environment,
there is now a growing interest in the management practices and learning experi-
ences. Principles of behavioral and cognitive science are extremely relevant to the
design of instructional content and the effective application of technology to deliver
the appropriate managerial and leadership experience. These principles and best
practices are important in corporate, higher education, and military environments.
This book also aims to share and transfer not just knowledge, but best leadership
and management science practices that are of real value in practical terms, value
that can help leaders ensure their organizations stay ahead of the competition
through continued innovation, strong competitive advantage, and inspired
leadership.
A total of four sections are presented in this book. Each section contains research
papers that have been reviewed by members of the International Editorial Board.
I. Business Development Applications
II. Human Factors in Organizations and Skill Development
III. Organizational Complexity and Leadership Style
IV. Cross-cultural Decision Making
Our sincere thanks and appreciation go to Atsuo Murata for leading the
Cross-Cultural Decision Making Conference, and to the board members listed
below for their contribution to the high scientific standard maintained in developing
this book.

vii
viii Preface

Business Management and Leadership

Andrea Bikfalvi, Spain

Javier Bilbao, Spain
Yoon Chang, Korea
Tomas Eklund, Finland
Päivi Haapalainen, Finland
Petri Helo, Finland
Henrijs Kalkis, Latvia
Kirsi Liikamaa, Finland
Charalampos Makatsoris, UK
Evangelos Markopoulos, Greece
Štefan Marsina, Slovakia
Marja Naaranoja, Finland
Peter Odrakiewicz, Poland
Petri Paajanen, Finland
Antti Piirto, Finland
Tero Reunanen, Finland
Vesa Salminen, Finland
Markku Salo, Finland
Aviv Segev, South Korea
Hannu Vanharanta, Finland
Neeta Baporikar, India
Constance Barsky, USA
Roman Batko, Poland
Rebecca DeCoster, UK
Sarah-Louise Donovan, Australia
Stanislaw Glazek, Poland
W. Grudzewski, Poland
Irena Hejduk, Poland
Tobias Kesting, Germany
Momoko Kitada, Sweden
Keisuke Makino, Japan
Attila Meszaros, Hungary
M. Nowak, Poland
Stefan Pickl, Germany
Andrzej Rucinski, USA
Anna Szopa, Poland
Pedro Vilarinho, Portugal
Teodor Winkler, Poland
Preface ix

Cross-Cultural Decision Making

Jeff Appleget, USA

Madalina Alama, USA
Umer Asgher, Pakistan
Erman Cakit, Turkey
Vladimira Cavojova, Slovakia
Ajay Divakaran, USA
Cali Fidopiastis, USA
Jim Frank, USA
Michael Hail, USA
Amy Heaton, USA
David King, USA
Gary Klein, USA
Martin Kruger, USA
Atsuo Murata, Japan
Sue Numrich, USA
Jonathan Pfautz, USA
Peter Picucci, USA
Elaine Raybourn, USA
Emilie Reitz, USA
Alicia Ruvinsky, USA
Lelyn Saner, USA
Dominique Scapin, France
Sae Schatz, USA
Julian Stodd, UK
Redha Taiar, France

July 2018 Jussi Ilari Kantola

Salman Nazir
Tibor Barath
Contents

Business Development Applications

Regional Development Based on Digital Driven Symbiosis . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Heikki Ruohomaa, Vesa Salminen, and Anne-Mari Järvenpää
Happiness in Fashion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Eyal Eckhaus
LeanGame, a Digital Training Tool to Implement Lean Philosophy . . . 26
Jasperiina Mattsson, Raija Nurminen, and Tero Reunanen
Comprehensive Internationalization at HAN University of Applied
Sciences. Curriculum, Co-curriculum, and Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . 36
Florentin Popescu and Erna Helsen
Methods of Ergonomics and Social Technologies Application
in Small Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Antonina Pakhomova, Yulia Salnikova, and Larisa Namestnikova
Valorizing the Human Capital Within Organizations: A Competency
Based Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Federica Polo and Jussi Kantola
Sales Competition as Education Method – The Case
of the European Sales Engineering Team Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Timo Holopainen, Thomas Röhr, Mikael Tómasson, Marion Murzin,
and Maha Ben-Amor
How Does Current Legislation Support the Emergence
of Industrial Symbiosis in the EU? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Anne-Mari Järvenpää, Vesa Salminen, and Heikki Ruohomaa
Role Ambiguity and Trust Repair of Flight Attendants: Emotional
Labor of Human Service Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Noriko Okabe

xi
xii Contents

Organizational Development-Lean Thinking Through

the LeanGame Learning Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Saija Klimoff, Raija Nurminen, and Tero Reunanen
Correlations Between Holistic Awareness of Time
and Innovativeness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Tero Reunanen and Hannu Vanharanta
Review of Industry 4.0 in the Light of Sociotechnical System
Theory and Competence-Based View: A Future Research
Agenda for the Evolute Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Faisal Imran and Jussi Kantola
Economic Development of Kenya, Tourism Industry Impact . . . . . . . . . 129
Jabir Hassan, Romana Gunkevych, and Sassan Rismani
The Role of the Startup Competition and Entrepreneurial
Ecosystem in the Integration of Entrepreneurship Education
Within the Algerian Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Aicha Dif, Soumia Bourane, and Abdelbaki Benziane
Innovation and Growth: Evidence from Mexico and Brazil . . . . . . . . . . 150
Luis Alfredo Avila-Lopez, María Marcela Solís-Quinteros,
Carolina Zayas-Márquez, and Jorge Alfonso Galván-León
Towards Sustainability in European Agricultural Firms . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Maria José P. L. Dos Santos and Henrique Diz
Analysis Econometrics of the Factors that Strengthen
the Position of the Small Mining Producer in Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Hanns de la Fuente-Mella, Ana María Vallina-Hernández,
Daniel Josué Möder-Armijo, and Sebastián Tomás Moya-Camus
The Relationship between Knowledge Security and the
Propagation of Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Malgorzata Wisniewska and Zbigniew Wisniewski
Perceptions of Market Competition: What is the Difference
between Contractors and Clients? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Jinding Xing, Kunhui Ye, and Chen Chen
Relationship Between Firm’s Performance and Factors
Involved in the Selection of Innovation Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Afnan Zafar and Jussi Kantola
Understanding Behaviour Patterns of Multi-agents
in Digital Business Ecosystems: An Organisational
Semiotics Inspired Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Prince Kwame Senyo, Kecheng Liu, and John Effah
Contents xiii

Convolutional Gravitational Models for Economic Exchanges:

Mathematical Extensions for Dynamic Processes
and Knowledge Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Mike Horia Teodorescu
From Coconut Husk Waste to Community Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Kanyarat Bussaban and Jitlada Chumee
Use of Technology and Virtual Communication via Global
Virtual Teams at Arnhem Business School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Florentin Popescu and Robert Warmenhoven
Successful Creation and Communication of Human Resources
Strategies in Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Tom Sander, Biruta Sloka, and Henrijs Kalkis
New Innovation Identification Approach Development Matrix . . . . . . . . 261
Anda Batraga, Jelena Salkovska, Liga Braslina, Aija Legzdina,
and Henrijs Kalkis
Human Factor and LEAN Analysis at Industrial
Manufacturing Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Henrijs Kalkis, Zenija Roja, and Sandis Babris
Exploring the Role of Service Eco-system in Developing Countries:
A Case Study of Ride Hailing Service in Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Ahson Javaid and Youji Kohda
An Integrated Holistic Conceptual Framework for Marketing
Construction Business Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Jonas Ekow Yankah, Clinton Aigbavboa, and Willington Thwala

Human Factors in Organizations and Skill Development

Conceptual Approach to Integrated Human-Centered
Performance Management on the Shop Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Thomas Hellebrandt, Maximilian Ruessmann, Ina Heine,
and Robert H. Schmitt
Old and Wise? Linking Age, Intrapreneurship, Social Capital
and Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Galit Klein and Batia Ben Hador
Command of Vessels in the Era of Digitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Momoko Kitada, Michael Baldauf, Adrienne Mannov,
Peter Aske Svendsen, Raphael Baumler, Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs,
Dimitrios Dalaklis, Tiago Fonseca, Xiaoning Shi, and Khanssa Lagdami
xiv Contents

Strategy and Structure in Public Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Joanna Mnich and Zbigniew Wisniewski
Work Team, Lean Manufacturing Production
and Information Systems Transform an Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Velia Castillo-Pérez, Liliana Carrazco-Armendáriz,
Mario Corral-Chacón, and Ramón Elizondo-Rios
Relational Coordination in the Footwear Manufacturing
Value Chain of the Province of Tungurahua, Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Vasilica Maria Margalina, Marcela Karina Benítez Gaibor,
Juan Pablo Martínez Mesias,
and Estefanía de las Mercedes Zurita Mesa
Healthcare Transformation Through Change Management
Process for Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Syeda Asiya Zenab Kazmi and Marja Naaranoja
Design Activates Six Values for Cities: A Report
of the “Design for County” Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Wei Ding, Xinyu Yang, Jianxin Cheng, Junnan Ye, Tengye Li,
and Zhang Zhang

Organizational Complexity and Leadership Style

What Do They Do? A Taxonomy of Team Leader Interventions
in Various Meeting Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Peter Bengtsson, Kjell Ledin, and Tore Ärlemalm
Agile Project Management and Project Success:
A Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Thomas Bergmann and Waldemar Karwowski
Transforming to an Agile Enterprise – How to Handle
the Challenge of Organizational Ambidexterity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Wilhelm Bauer and Christian Vocke
The Importance of Strategic Human Resource Development
Practices Among Multinational Companies in Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Roziana Shaari, Azlineer Sarip, Azizah Rajab,
Hamidah Abdul Rahman, and Farahnurhidayah Mohamed Fadil
Contractors’ Organisational Structure Elements
for Controlling Project Cost in the Construction Industry . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Kofi Owusu Adjei, Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa,
and Wellington Didibhuku Thwala
Effects of Personal Social Capital on Managerial Positions . . . . . . . . . . 441
Batia Ben Hador and Eyal Eckhaus
Contents xv

To Grow or Not to Grow - The Strategic Plan

for Acquisition and Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Pawel Michalski, Zbigniew Wisniewski, and Jacek Gralewski
Understanding the Effect of Emotional Exhaustion
on Tellers’ Job Satisfaction in Teller-Task Activity
in Ghanaian Retail Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Mohammed-Aminu Sanda and Emmanuel Mawuena
Regulations and Employees’ Commitment to Change:
Does Emotional Intelligence Matter? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Olivia Anku-Tsede, Aaron Makafui Ametorwo,
and Alhassan Mbawin Akudugu
Constraints to the Successful Implementation of Building
Projects in Technical Universities in Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
O. Y. Safo-Kantanka, C. O. Aigbavboa, and B. M. Arthur-Aidoo
Impact of Agility on Enterprise Performance in SMEs
of Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
Taimour Khalid Chaudhary and Stefan Trzcieliński
Effects of Workplace Stress on Managers of Textile Industries
of Developing Countries: A Case Study from Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
Aftab Ahmad, Amjad Hussain, Mohammad Pervez Mughal,
Nadeem Ahmad Mufti, and M. Qaiser Saleem
Investigating Human Resource Roles in Research-Based
University: An Evidence from Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Azlineer Sarip, Roziana Shaari, and Mohamad Abdillah Royo
Predictive Analytics for Leadership Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
Johan de Heer and Paul Porskamp
Risk Based Thinking – New Approach for Modern
Enterprises’ Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
Hana Pacaiova and Anna Nagyova
Risk Management in a Changing World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Zahra Hamdani, Mohamed Hamdani, and Belkacem Zairi
Inspiring European Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)
Sector by Inserting Effective Business Transfer Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
Syeda Asiya Zenab Kazmi and Marja Naaranoja
Barriers to University Mergers - Comparative Analysis
of Universities in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Robert Seliga, Lukasz Sulkowski, and Andrzej Wozniak
xvi Contents

Cross-Cultural Decision Making

Crystal Cube: Multidisciplinary Approach to Disruptive
Events Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Nathan H. Parrish, Anna L. Buczak, Jared T. Zook,
James P. Howard, II, Brian J. Ellison, and Benjamin D. Baugher
Cross-cultural Difference and Cognitive Biases as Causes
of Gap of Mindset Toward Safety Between Approach
Based on Hazard Detection and that Based
on Firm Safety Confirmation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Atsuo Murata
Characteristics of Problem Consciousness of Indonesian
Returnee Nurses Who Experienced Intercultural Exchange
in Foreign Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Manami Nozaki, Norihito Taniguchi, Miyoko Okamoto,
Yui Matsuda, Shunji Morita, and Reiko Mitsuya
Hiding Behind the Words of Others: Does Redundant
Word Choice Reflect Suppressed Individuality When
Tweeting in the First Person Singular? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Eliza Barach, Samira Shaikh, Vidhushini Srinivasan,
and Laurie Beth Feldman
Towards Cross-Cultural Design of Interfaces: Preferences
in Interface Design Between Japanese and European Users . . . . . . . . . . 615
Jacqueline Urakami
Cross-Cultural Comparison of German and Japanese Mobile
Messenger Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
Ting Sheng Lim and Jacqueline Urakami
Using Social Media to Understand Cyber Attack Behavior . . . . . . . . . . 636
Amy Sliva, Kai Shu, and Huan Liu
The Proposal of Cross-cultural Understanding Model
Using Place-Oriented Audio Guide System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Ayaka Ito and Katsuhiko Ogawa
Research on the Characteristics of Body Height
and Weight in Eight Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
Jing Zhao, Fan Zhang, Gang Wu, Chao Zhao, Xinyu Cao,
and Haitao Wang
Cognitive Biases and Distorted Decision Making that Prevent
Rational and Efficient Sports Management - Cross-Cultural
Difference Between MLB and NPB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
Atsuo Murata
Contents xvii

Proactivity in Career and Identity Styles in the World Oriented

Towards Global Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Agnieszka Cybal-Michalska
Novel Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm Incorporating
Decisions Factors in Design Modeling of Hydraulic Nets . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
Jesús Rafael Hechavarría Hernández, José Arzola Ruiz,
and Umer Asgher
Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
Business Development Applications
 Regional Development Based on Digital Driven
Symbiosis

Heikki Ruohomaa(&), Vesa Salminen, and Anne-Mari Järvenpää

Häme University of Applied Sciences, Hämeenlinna, Finland

{heikki.ruohomaa,vesa.salminen,
anne-mari.jarvenpaa}@hamk.fi

Abstract. In the fast-moving business environment, the companies want to find

location for themselves, where the environment is supporting their businesses,
not only in the traditional ways but also by supporting innovation processes of
the companies. Because of these new criterions, the countries and regions are
forced to rethink new ways to make areas attractive for new companies to settle.
In this article is analyzed the development activities on the industry/logistics
area of the growth corridor in Finland. The purpose of analysis is to improve the
attractiveness for new business as a part of developing digital symbiosis.
“Industry 4.0” gives the European framework for building industrial ecosystem.

Keywords: Industry 4.0
Value network
Digitalization
Transdisciplinary

Co-innovation
Co-evolution

1 Introduction

The World Economic Forum report [1] has termed this period of accelerating inno-
vation in science and technology – the transformative change in data and technology
capabilities combined with a merging of digital, physical and biological realms and its
consequences on society as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It is not only transforming
social networks, scientific research and whole industries; it is also radically reshaping
biological and material science innovations. Harnessing these opportunities and
proactively managing the risks manifest by the rapid evolution of new science and
technologies will inevitably require more creativity and agility in current governance
frameworks and financing arrangements.
A crucial role in market evolution is happening by exploring how businesses can
use the circular economy to drive arbitrage opportunities across complex, global supply
chains [2]. A circular economy is restorative and regenerative by design, and aims to
keep products, components, and materials at their highest utility and value at all times.
It questions whether with creativity and innovation we can build a restorative economy.
To be successful on new challenges of Industry 4.0 development, enterprise-
university partnerships has to be intense and main objective should be a shared learning
[3]. Long-term co-operation creates a background for new co-innovation and co-
evolution. The technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution have generated enor-
mous excitement about the opportunities they offer as well as concern about gover-
nance, regulation and ethics [1]. There are as well exciting possibilities: The
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019
J. I. Kantola et al. (Eds.): AHFE 2018, AISC 783, pp. 3–14, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94709-9_1
4 H. Ruohomaa et al.

convergence of new technologies is creating unprecedented opportunities in all aspects,

from business-to-business commerce to humanitarian intervention. The melding of
artificial intelligence (AI) with big data capabilities – not to mention the actual
exponential accumulation of data itself – has created a fascinating world of commu-
nications, collaboration and interaction, not just between people but also between
machines and between people and machines. Through digital transformation, the use of
new technologies like big data, open data, cloud, IoT, platforms, artificial intelligence,
and social networks with increasing intelligence and automation enterprises can capi-
talize on new opportunities and optimize existing operations to achieve significant
business improvement [4]. The collection of scattered data, clustering it for analysis,
visualizing it for decision making and using the selected data in new service devel-
opment on circular economy is most important in creating industrial symbiosis on value
network way by using digitalization.
In order to sustain competitive advantage, many companies are changing their
business towards circular economy. By doing so, these leaders are expanding their
value proposition multidimensional by concurrently creating strong potential through
developing more sustainable customer-engaging products, co-innovating sustainable
services together with their partners, and collaborating to create integrated new sus-
tainable business technologies [4]. Companies today are facing increasing complexity
to execute profitably on continuous sustainable business transition towards circular
economy. Responsible leadership is understood as a social-relational and ethical phe-
nomenon, which occurs in social processes of interaction communication [5]. It is a
strategic approach for utilizing responsibility as a business and innovation driver to
facilitate the transition of industrial business towards circular economy. Responsibility
is creating significant impact and opportunities where business, technology and inno-
vation intersect. The transformation towards responsible business takes a long time and
that is why it is important to fully understand the strategic concept, identify the key
issues and harness the associated opportunities. Competence areas have become more
complicated and single human capacity cannot cope with all the needed competence to
create new opportunities for businesses. Responsibility business leadership needs
democratic innovation culture and co- innovation and co-evolution processes [4].
This article introduces development activities of responsible business leadership
and digital driven symbiosis on Finnish growth corridor (region around Helsinki-
Tampere highway).

2 Theoretical Background

The new approach is the revised legislative proposal on waste. It covers long-term
recycling targets for municipal and packaging waste, measures to limit landfilling, and
incentives for Member States to use economic instruments at the national level [6]. It
also aims to promote cooperation between industries, with waste from one process
becoming secondary materials for others, through a simplified legal framework for by-
products and end-of-waste status, creating more certainty for operators in these mar-
kets. That leads us for an opportunity to build value networks from the point of side
flows of waste. It leads to a business opportunity for industrial symbiosis.
 Regional Development Based on Digital Driven Symbiosis 5

The key notice on sustainability is what extent it will impact a specific business
sector and influences on creation of circular economy business and industrial sym-
biosis. It is an industry-changing paradigm integrating innovation, differentiation and
transformation. Tajani [7] has stated, that there will be no sustainability without
competitiveness, and there will be no long-lasting competitiveness without sustain-
ability and there will be neither of them without a quantum leap in innovation.
Industry 4.0 describes the organization of production processes based on technol-
ogy and devices autonomously communicating with each other along the value chain.
Industry 4.0 architecture takes account of the increased digitalization of various
industries where physical objects are seamlessly integrated into the information net-
work, allowing for decentralized production and real-time adaptation in the future [8].
What is characteristics to Industry 4.0 is that it involves connecting products to each
other. Industry 4.0 is closely linked to Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) [9]. They can be
defined as transformative technologies which manage interconnected systems between
its physical assets and computational capabilities [10]. To be successful on new
challenges of Industry 4.0 development, enterprise-university partnerships has to be
intense and main objective should be a shared learning. Long-term co-operation creates
a background for new co-innovation and co- evolution. Adapting Industry 4.0
framework as a basis for development activities is expected to provide an opportunity
for remarkable competitive advantage for businesses but also for regions [11].
Nidumolu et al. [12] explain widely why sustainability is now the key driver of
innovation. The biggest benefit comes from generating and processing big data.
Information technology helps make large amounts of data available for different pur-
poses in the public or private sector with minimum effort and costs [13]. Conradie and
Choenni [14] have recognized, that the most reliable method how to identify the
datasets with big potential is a demand-based approach, which means a close coop-
eration with potential end users. Every participant in ecosystem has an opportunity to
participate on creation of innovations and value, which generally is produced on the
boundaries of ecosystem stakeholders [15]. Business ecosystem can be born as group
activity or a single company can create it by collaborative activities [16]. Skyttner [17]
introduces new systems theory with self –organization and evolution. Jamshid [18]
introduces that system thinking is the art of simplifying complexity. It is about seeing
through chaos, managing interdependency, and understanding choice. Concepts are
important to explain chaos. Sanchez and Heene [19] have proposed an open systems
model of firms. Improving of organizational competence also requires increasing
managers’ own cognitive flexibilities to imagine new strategic logics for creating and
realizing new kinds of value-creating product offers. Markopoulos and Vanharanta [20]
have created the Company Democracy Model. It can be characterized as a multidis-
ciplinary science, as it integrates many management (strategy, leadership, etc.), engi-
neering (process knowledge, innovation), social (human resources, ethos, etc.),
financial (marketing, extroversion, etc.) and other disciplines. The co-evolutionary
spiral method in the model contributes towards the identification and achievement of
the capacity, capability, competence, and maturity needed to turn knowledge into
innovation. Industrial symbiosis provides a means to improve competitiveness and
build resilient and sustainable economies [21]. Industrial symbiosis helps businesses
and organizations to operate in the same way as the natural eco-system where
6 H. Ruohomaa et al.

everything has a place and function, and nothing goes to waste. Whether working at
company level, within a region or multiple regions or at national level we apply this
systems-based approach. Industrial symbiosis engages diverse organizations in a net-
work to foster eco-innovation and long-term culture change. Creating and sharing
knowledge through the network yields mutually profitable transactions for novel
sourcing of required inputs and value-added destinations for non-product outputs, as
well as improved business and technical processes.

3 Research Questions and Research Approach

The role of circular economy and digitalization as a business driver is growing in bio
economy and as digital symbiosis in industrial service business. It has to be carefully
taken into account in business transition. The opportunities of sustainability and dig-
italization have not been understood in full context and as new service innovation on
digital symbiosis. The main research questions are
(a) What are the digital fundaments for regional development?
(b) How Industrie 4.0 framework can support regional development towards
digitalization?
(c) What type of industrial symbiosis business model and implementation process is
needed in sustainable growth of business?
This article introduces a concept model for utilizing circular economy and digi-
talization as a business and innovation driver to facilitate the transition of bioeconomy
and industrial co-operative business towards the new service economy on the basis of
digital symbiosis. The article gives also new approach for regional development.

4 Circular Economy Framework

The circular economy refers to an industrial economy that is restorative by intention;

aims to rely on renewable energy; minimises, tracks, and hopefully eliminates the use
of toxic chemicals; and eradicates waste through careful design [2]. The system dia-
gram in Fig. 1 illustrates the continuous flow of technical and biological materials
through the value network.
The term goes beyond the mechanics of production and consumption of goods and
services, in the areas that it seeks to redefine (examples include rebuilding capital
including social and natural, and the shift from consumer to user). The concept of the
circular economy is grounded in the study of non-linear, particularly living systems [2].
This ensures enhanced flows of goods and services.

4.1 New Business via Industrial Symbiosis

Changing economic structures, intensifying environmental problems and increasing
demand-related requirements all mean that companies need to come up with more
resource-intensive solutions. These can be achieved through co-operation between
 Regional Development Based on Digital Driven Symbiosis 7

Fig. 1. The circular economy-an industrial system that is restorative by design [2].

companies operating in various sectors, and alongside local authorities and

municipalities.
Industrial symbiosis is an industrial ecosystem in which unused or residual
resources of one company are used by another. This results in mutual economic, social
and environmental benefits. It is a process involving several companies – firms that
complement one another provide mutual added value through efficient use of raw
materials, technology, services and energy. Joint development of industrial symbiosis
provides an efficient way of thinking up, developing and testing product and service
innovations. This, in turn, engenders new competencies, on which new business
operations can utilize.
Business ecosystems based on industrial symbiosis provide more added value by
using fewer natural resources than traditional industrial value chains. This means more
efficient energy and water consumption, and reduced waste. In industrial symbiosis,
industrial operations, energy production, primary production, waste processing and the
services supporting these combine to form an entity that provides products and services
for end-user needs, while optimizing resource use [22].

5 Industry 4.0 Framework

The term “Industrie 4.0” was initially coined by the German government. It is con-
ceptual in that it sets out a way of understanding an observed phenomenon and in-
stitutional in that it provides the framework for a range of policy initiatives identified
and supported by government and business representatives that drive a research and
development programme [8]. In the field of social change there is little awareness of
Industry 4.0 outside the group of key stakeholders. Larger firms tend to be more
positively disposed whereas unions remain cautious and have reservations. While a
8 H. Ruohomaa et al.

skills gap (as well as a gap in willingness) to adjust to the Digital Single Market exists,
the skill requirements to adjust to Industry 4.0 are much greater [8].
The physical world is merging with the virtual world. We are increasingly used to
the internet of things, or the internet of everything and increasingly the industrial
internet. They all are in the throes of digital transformation. The widespread adoption
of information and communication technology (ICT) is increasingly accelerating the
blurring of boundaries between the real physical world and the virtual one. The linkage
is becoming increasingly Smart [9]. New ITC based technologies make possible 4.0
Industry development and give opportunities to reengineer value chains and create new
business models. Internet of Thinks (IoT) is one of the technological fundaments for
4.0 Industry. Growth of connections brings the new possibilities and solutions for
business. Other hand exponential growth brings also new challenges for education,
R&D&I and regional development activities. The exponential growth of IoT connec-
tions indicates the birth of new business models and new kind of business environ-
ments [9]. This “smartness” requires greater connection and collaborations. This is
where the ‘explosion’ of platforms and ecosystems is occurring. To attempt to connect
the internets of things, services, data, and people need radical redesigns within
industries and the participants to connect everything. Presently Industry 4.0 is more
industrial driven, but this will change and broaden out [10].

6 Competitiveness of Regions

Digitalization changes everything and is a great opportunity to find out competitive

advantage in business. Universities of applied science have a good opportunity and
central role in supporting the growth of business on the area of circular economy.
The co-operation between government, enterprise and universities is essential to
succeed in co-evolution when building up cumulative competence in creation of
solutions for circular economy by benefiting digitalization in it. It is also essential to
have a common vision to direct the local operation and funding. Otherwise, the
activities can splinter as small pieces and do not form parts of the whole vision.
The development of business environments is understood to be the responsibility of
public sector and government. Public sector is however multilayered (e.g. legislative-
national- provincial- regional- municipal- areal). There are still other committees and
operations, which have the duty to develop business environment. All the layers and
activities should be along the same line, support each other and sustainable to get the
co-operative environment to function efficiently. In rapidly changing operational
environment, it requires clear and commonly understood vision. To describe the ele-
ments and layers, by which circular economy thinking has support, it is possible to
draw a pyramid, Fig. 2. The layers describe the operations of the public sector, which
support and enable effective and digitalized formation of industrial symbiosis [3].
Private organizations and companies are actively using new technologies and trying
to find the most suitable business environment and locations for them. The task of
government, region and town is not to make business but to develop good and fruitful
business environments for companies and build infrastructure and provide skilled
labour force for industry and society.
 Regional Development Based on Digital Driven Symbiosis 9

Fig. 2. The pyramid of factors affecting Industry 4.0 related renewal.

By identifying the key factors for the Industry 4.0 related renewal, we will find
different factors, i.e. “levels” (Fig. 2):
Legislation should new kind of business possible and support business develop-
ment. Legislation gives “the rules of the game” and this way makes business envi-
ronments more predictable with less business risks. Industrial areas have developed and
profiled themselves based on the strengths in the local region (like logistic connec-
tions, population, energy, raw materials, knowhow at universities, skilled labour force).
It is important to know how land use is planned (business/logistic areas) so that
companies would be able to create a fruitful business ecosystem, efficient material use
(circular economy), and minimize logistic expenses [3]. Smart specialization
approach combines industrial, educational and innovation policies. Digital Ecosystem
is as a complex value chain of distributed suppliers specializing in providing either the
creative content or the platform for distribution of that content [3]. As a result of the
digitalization process, cooperation between companies becomes digital and this leads to
the development of a digital ecosystem.
New Innovations are created especially on digital ecosystem interfaces.
In future, in digital ecosystem, companies have more needs for good and attractive
business environments in addition to the traditional regional strengths there will be
more demands on data availability and the existence of smart platforms. Data has
become “the oil” when you analyse the attractiveness of business environments.
Because of the increasing importance of data, the industrial symbiosis cannot any
more be evaluated on the basis of the efficiency of material and energy, but modern
industrial symbiosis should be evaluated also on the basis of the data flows and data
side flows.
10 H. Ruohomaa et al.

Generally, we can have at least two approaches:

a. data will make it possible to improve the value chains and networks of industrial
symbiosis and thus strengthen and make possible the extension of symbiosis.
b. data will make it possible to find or predict new possibilities or threats (e.g. the
change of customer behaviour etc.) which indicates need or possibilities for new
innovation in symbiosis or in region.
Based on the arguments above we have a reason to say/claim that regions can
increase their attractiveness and development by offering open data and offering its data
resources for the use of local companies and industrial symbiosis.
The profitable use of data demands that data has been collected and documented in
the right and usable form, so that usability is possible. The legislator will define the
ownership of data and the use of the data in the end. It can be seen that the legislation,
which is related, will give a huge impact for on regional development and attractive-
ness of a region.
There are four main approaches to increase the attractiveness:
a. Collect and publish data for open use.
b. Open the data sources for limited use (based on the law).
c. Encourage institutions to publish data that they have collected, but which is not any
more important for their business, so called “side flow data”. This “Side flow data”
might be useful for regional developers.
d. Regional authors should encourage local companies to adapt “Industrie 4.0”
frameworks, since it will provide connectivity in European digital single markets
and give structured model to develop its business and create digital network. That is
the reason why “Industrie 4.0” smart platform is critical for the development.
To ensure the development and ability to be renewed in industrial symbiosis, it
would be necessary to share all data to the actors in the symbiosis. That would mean
the high trust to all that are involved in the symbiosis. Based on the understanding,
which is learned and analysed on the basis of data, there is a need to make quick
piloting in the “real life” transdisciplinary environment.

Fig. 3. The birth of innovation in digital ecosystem

 Regional Development Based on Digital Driven Symbiosis 11

The development of regions and industrial symbiosis should be seen as continuous

process including data, smart platforms and quick piloting (Fig. 3).

7 Benefiting Digitalization and Big Data Supporting Business

Co-evolution

The amount of scattered and structured data around us is increasing dramatically. It is a

great business opportunity to benefit that data in business purposes. Circular economy
with interrelated bio and mechanical cycle consists of huge amount of data. The data of
waste from one partner means material for the other partner. Understanding the value
proposition in growing value networks is essential. Management and analysis of data
coming from various sources is routed through data-to-service process in business co-
evolution of circular economy, Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. From data to services process in business co-evolution of circular economy creation and
optimization of new operational functions and responsible business co-evolution requires
democratic innovation and decision culture. There will be several stakeholders of circular
economy on the fields of bio economy and industry participating on decision-making and
optimizing functionality of created new services.

In Fig. 5, there is an example of technology-oriented competence and solution

creation on the field of circular economy. It is essential to gather data from various
sources and different processes. Automation system or sensor network (IoT) is creating
data, which is gathered, clustered, analyzed and compare it with the data gathered
earlier and then make decisions on how the waste material should be reused, what type
of logistics is transferring it and who should reuse and produce that. To support this
value network process, it is important to have all type of experts in virtual network
optimizing material, logistic and reuse of material. There can also be final customer
experts in the same network.
12 H. Ruohomaa et al.

Fig. 5. Relationship of technology and competence in circular economy

8 Discussion and Conclusions

Digital ecosystems and symbiosis should be seen as continuous developing entirety,

which will change and renew based on the changes in technology and business envi-
ronment and thus maintaining their competiveness. Regional development actions play
the key role to support the birth and wellbeing of the symbiosis
Regional development and industrial symbiosis are traditionally supported by many
layers. The increasing data and its usability will change and renew the design of
industrial symbiosis and develop the attractiveness of regions. Since the availability of
data in industrial symbiosis will be critical factor, it is necessary that data will be
available for the actors in the symbiosis to create new innovations. Openness of data is
important for innovations and renewal of symbiosis.
Availability and usability of data is important (incl, “side flow data”, standards,
architecture etc.) for regional development. Industrie 4.0 is a good framework for
designing the usability of data. It is also important for the development of region
towards European digital single markets.
Digitalization, circular economy and industrial symbiosis are the key drivers, which
will change the business environments, a way to act and create innovation. Innovations
will need “real life” (transdisciplinary) piloting environments. Both, resource efficiency
and digitalization are directing towards service business and environments.
Future attractive business environments are availability of data, smart platforms and
“real life” transdisciplinary, piloting environment, these will be important elements also
for the competitiveness of industrial symbiosis and the key pillar of regional
development.
 Regional Development Based on Digital Driven Symbiosis 13

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