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Burket’s Oral Medicine

Thirteenth Edition

Edited by

Michael Glick, DMD, FDS RCSEd

Center for Integrative Global Oral Health
School of Dental Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA, USA

Martin S. Greenberg, DDS, FDS RCSEd

School of Dental Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA, USA

Peter B. Lockhart, DDS, FDS RCSEd, FDS RCPS

Atrium Health’s Carolinas Medical Center
Charlotte, NC, USA

Stephen J. Challacombe, PhD, DSc, FRCPath, FDS RCSEd, FDS RCS, FMedSci
Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences
King’s College London
London, UK
This thirteenth edition first published 2021
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Edition History
PMPH‐USA, Ltd (12e, 2015); BC Decker Inc (11e, 2008); BC Decker Inc (10e, 2003); Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (9e, 1994); Lippincott Williams
and Wilkins (8e, 1984); J.D. Lippincott (7e, 1977); J.D. Lippincott (6e, 1971); J.D. Lippincott (5e, 1965); J.D. Lippincott (4e, 1961); J.D. Lippincott (3e,
1957); J.D. Lippincott (2e, 1952); J.D. Lippincott (1e, 1946)

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The right of Michael Glick, Martin S. Greenberg, Peter B. Lockhart, and Stephen J. Challacombe to be identified as the authors of the editorial
material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Glick, Michael, editor. | Greenberg, Martin S., 1940- editor. |
Lockhart, Peter B., editor. | Challacombe, Stephen J., editor.
Title: Burket’s oral medicine / edited by Michael Glick, Martin S.
Greenberg, Peter B. Lockhart, Stephen J. Challacombe.
Other titles: Oral medicine
Description: Thirteenth edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2021. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021005021 (print) | LCCN 2021005022 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781119597742 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119597780 (adobe pdf) |
ISBN 9781119597810 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Mouth Diseases–diagnosis | Mouth Diseases–therapy |
Diagnosis, Oral–methods | Dental Care for Chronically Ill
Classification: LCC RC815 (print) | LCC RC815 (ebook) | NLM WU 140 | DDC
617.5/22–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021005021
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021005022

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Images: © (Left-Top) Tempura/E+/Getty Images; (Left‑Bottom) Courtesy of Michael Glick; (Right-Top) Courtesy of Michael Glick;
(Right-Bottom) Courtesy of Stephen J. Challacombe

Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Straive, Pondicherry, India

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
 Dr. Lester W. Burket, widely considered the father of Oral Medicine, wrote the
first edition of this groundbreaking text, Oral Medicine Diagnosis and
Treatment, published in 1946.

Dr. Burket was trained in dentistry at the University of Pennsylvania and medicine
at Yale. He was one of the first to stress the importance of the knowledge of
medicine to the practice of dentistry, the role dentists could play in the diagnosis
and management of diseases of the mouth and jaws, and the benefit to patients
from close collaboration of dentists and physicians.

In addition to his devotion to teaching, he founded the Department of Oral

Medicine at the School of Dental Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania,
and served as Department Chair from 1944 to 1972, while also serving as Dean
of the dental school from 1951 to 1972.

Dr. Burket would be pleased to see the scope of the present text as well as
the international group of authors writing the thirteenth edition of his
classic text.
Lester W. Burket DDS, MD
1907–1991
“The good physician treats the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has the disease.”
Sir William Osler

We have found Oral Medicine to be an extraordinarily rewarding career, and for this we are grateful to the pioneers of the field
for their vision, creativity, and dedication to their work. They established oral medicine as a specialty at the interface of
dentistry and medicine, and we owe them a huge debt. It is therefore to Lester Burket and the other leaders of the past in
academics, clinical practice, and research who mentored and guided us that we dedicate this book. We also dedicate it to
current and future practitioners of Oral Medicine around the world who share our professional fulfillment in this developing
specialty, and especially to our families who have supported us throughout the years.

Michael Glick
Martin S. Greenberg
Peter B. Lockhart
Stephen J. Challacombe
 vii

Contents

Preface ix
List of Contributors xi

1 Introduction to Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis: Patient Evaluation 1

Michael Glick, Martin S. Greenberg, Peter B. Lockhart, and Stephen J. Challacombe

2 Overview of Clinical Research 19

Dena J. Fischer, Darien Weatherspoon, and Mary A. Cutting

3 Ulcerative, Vesicular, and Bullous Lesions 35

Sook Bin Woo, Jane F. Setterfield, and Martin S. Greenberg

4 Red and White Lesions of the Oral Mucosa 85

Ivan Alajbeg, Stephen J. Challacombe, Palle Holmstrup, and Mats Jontell

5 Pigmented Lesions of the Oral Mucosa 139

Alfredo Aguirre, Faizan Alawi, and Jose Luis Tapia

6 Benign Lesions of the Oral Cavity and the Jaws 171

A. Ross Kerr and Denise A. Trochesset

7 Head and Neck Cancer 211

Amber L. Watters, Heidi J. Hansen, Ashish A. Patel, and Joel Epstein

8 Oral Complications of Nonsurgical Cancer Therapies 259

Siri Beier Jensen and Douglas E. Peterson

9 Salivary Gland Diseases 281

Leah M. Bowers, Arjan Vissink, and Michael T. Brennan

10 Temporomandibular Disorders 349

Richard Ohrbach, Thomas Sollecito, Temitope Omolehinwa, and Martin S. Greenberg

11 Neuropathic Orofacial Pain 419

Olga A. Korczeniewska, Katherine France, Junad Khan, Martin S. Greenberg, Rafael Benoliel, and Eliav Eli

12 Common Headache Disorders 453

Pei Feng Lim, Scott De Rossi, and Massimiliano Di Giosia
viii Contents

13 Diseases of the Respiratory Tract 469

Lyvia Y. Leigh, Patrick Vannelli, Heidi C. Crow, Sandhya Desai, Mark Lepore, Robert Anolik, and Michael Glick

14 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System 505

Peter B. Lockhart and Yee-Ping Sun

15 Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract 553

Jeremy Sanderson and Michael P. Escudier

16 Renal Diseases 579

Karo Parsegian, Ruchir Trivedi, and Effie Ioannidou

17 Hematologic Diseases 627

Vidya Sankar and Alessandro Villa

18 Bleeding and Clotting Disorders 665

Joel J. Napeñas and Lauren L. Patton

19 Immunologic Diseases 705

Vasileios Ionas Theofilou, Joanne Konkel, Nikolaos G. Nikitakis, and Niki M. Moutsopoulos

20 Transplantation Medicine 745

Sharon Elad, Marie Laryea, and Noam Yarom

21 Infectious Diseases 785

Michael J. Durkin, Noha Seoudi, and Raj Nair

22 Disorders of the Endocrine System and of Metabolism 817

Mark Schifter, Mark McLean, and Suma Sukumar

23 Neurologic Diseases 903

Eric T. Stoopler and Michael L. McGarvey

24 Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Oral Health 933

J. Tim Newton and Beth J. Guildford

25 Pediatric Oral Medicine 943

Catherine Hong and Christel M. Haberland

26 Geriatric Oral Medicine 991

Katharine Ciarrocca and Christine Downey

27 The Role of Genetics in Oral Medicine 1009

Olga A. Korczeniewska, Thomas C. Hart, and Scott R. Diehl

28 Laboratory Medicine and Diagnostic Pathology 1037

Brian C. Muzyka, John Christie, and Bobby Collins

29 How to Identify, Interpret and Apply the Scientific Literature to Practice 1059
Alonso Carrasco-Labra, Malavika Tampi, Olivia Urquhart, Scott Howell, Austin Booth, and Michael Glick

Index 1080
 ix

Preface

It is with great pleasure that we share this thirteenth ­edition a­ cademics, and researchers. The chapters from the 12th
of the classic text Burket’s Oral Medicine with students, resi- ­edition describing oral mucosal and salivary gland disease,
dents, and professional colleagues around the world. This orofacial pain, TMD, and dental management of medically
edition reflects the scope of modern oral medicine in both complex patients have been expanded and updated. In
the content and the international nature of many new ­addition, the 13th edition contains chapters not found in
contributors. ­traditional books in this discipline, including chapters on
Two experienced editors with international reputations clinical research, pediatric oral medicine, psychiatry and
for clinical and academic excellence, Dr. Peter Lockhart and psychology, geriatric oral medicine, laboratory medicine,
Dr. Stephen Challacombe, have been added as Editors to this and appraising and interpreting the biomedical literature.
new edition, which has contributed to expanding the scope With more than 80 authors from across the globe, we have
of the text and the diversity of the authors. broadened the scope and approach to ensure that this text is
As the volume and availability of both basic and clinical highly relevant to teaching and practice in many different
biomedical information are growing at an ever-increasing countries and clinical settings.
pace, we realize that today’s students, teachers, and practi-
tioners of oral medicine must broaden the scope of their Michael Glick, Martin S. Greenberg, Peter B. Lockhart,
knowledge to increase their competence as clinicians, and Stephen J. Challacombe
 xi

­List of Contributors

Alfredo Aguirre, DDS, MS Rafael Benoliel, BDS (Hons)

Professor Professor, Department of Diagnostic Sciences
Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences Rutgers School of Dental Medicine
School of Dental Medicine Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
University at Buffalo, Newark, NJ, USA
The State University of New York
Buffalo, NY, USA
Austin Booth, MLIS, MA
Ivan Alajbeg, DMD, MSc, PHD Dean of the Division of Libraries
Professor New York University
Department of Oral Medicine New York, NY, USA
School of Dental Medicine
University of Zagreb Leah M. Bowers, DMD
University Hospital Center Zagreb Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
Zagreb, Croatia Department of Oral Medicine
School of Dentistry
Faizan Alawi, DDS University of Washington
Professor of Pathology Seattle, WA, USA
School of Dental Medicine
Professor of Dermatology and Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine Michael T. Brennan, DDS, MHS, FDS RCSEd
Perelman School of Medicine Professor and Chair
University of Pennsylvania Department of Oral Medicine
Philadelphia, PA, USA Atrium Health’s Carolinas Medical Center
Charlotte, NC, USA
Robert Anolik, MD
President and Founding Partner, Allergy & Asthma Specialists,
Alonso Carrasco-Labra, DDS, MSc, PhD
PC Director of Clinical Research, Allergy & Asthma Specialists,
Senior Director
PC Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Drexel
Department of Evidence Synthesis and Translation
University School of Medicine
Research
Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine,
ADA Science & Research Institute
University of Pennsylvania
Chicago, IL, USA
Blue Bell, PA, USA
xii ­List of Contributor

Stephen J. Challacombe, PhD, DSc, FRCPath, FDS RCSEd, FDS Scott R. Diehl, BS, PhD
RCS, FMedSci Professor
Martin Rushton Professor of Oral Medicine Department of Oral Biology
Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions Rutgers School of Dental Medicine
Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences
King’s College London Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
London, UK Newark, NJ, USA

John Christie, MD, PhD

Emeritus Professor Massimiliano Di Giosia, DDS
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Assistant Professor
Brody School of Medicine Division of Diagnostic Sciences
East Carolina University Adams School of Dentistry
Greenville, NC, USA University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Katharine Ciarrocca, DMD, MSEd
Director, Oral Medicine & Hospital Dentistry
Clinical Associate Professor Christine Downey, DDS, MS
Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Clinical Associate Professor
Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery Program Director, Advanced Education in General
Duke University Hospital Dentistry
Durham, NC, USA Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care
University of North Carolina Adams School
Bobby Collins, DDS, MS of Dentistry
Clinical Associate Professor Adjunct, Assistant Professor, Duke University School
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (retired) of Medicine
Burlington, NC, USA Durham, NC, USA

Heidi C. Crow, DMD, MS

Michael J. Durkin, MD, MPH
Associate Professor
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences
Division of Infectious Diseases
School of Dental Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine
University at Buffalo
St. Louis, MO, USA
The State University of New York
Buffalo, NY, USA
Sharon Elad, DMD, MSc
Mary A. Cutting, MS, RAC Professor and Chair, Division of Oral Medicine
Center for Clinical Research Principal Consultant, Hospital Dentistry
Division of Extramural Research Eastman Institute for Oral Health
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research University of Rochester Medical Center
Bethesda, MD, USA University of Rochester
Rochester, NY, USA
Scott De Rossi, DMD, MBA
Professor
Division of Diagnostic Sciences Eliav Eli, DMD, PhD
Dean, Adams School of Dentistry Professor and Director
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester
Chapel Hill, NC, USA Vice Dean for Oral Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry
Vice President for Oral Health, University of Rochester
Sandhya Desai, MD Medical Center
Partner, Allergy & Asthma Specialists, PC University of Rochester
Blue Bell, PA, USA Rochester, NY, USA
 ­List of Contributor xiii

Joel Epstein, DMD, MSD, FRCD(C), FDS RCS(E) Christel M. Haberland, DDS, MS, FAAPD
Professor and Director, Cancer Dentistry Chair, Pediatric Dentistry Department
Cedars-Sinai Health System Medical University of South Carolina College of
Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Dental Medicine
Los Angeles, CA; Charleston, SC;
Director, Dental Oncology Services Previously:
City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital
Duarte, CA, USA St. Petersburg, FL, USA

Michael P. Escudier, MD, FRCS (Hon.), BDS, FDS RCS (Eng.), Heidi J. Hansen, DMD
FDS (OM) RCS, FDS RCPS (Glas.), FFD RCSI, FFGDP (UK), FHEA Oral Oncology and Oral Medicine
Professor of Oral Medicine & Education, Providence Cancer Institute
Deputy Executive Dean Providence Health & Services
Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences Portland, OR, USA
King’s College London
London, UK
Thomas C. Hart, BA, DDS, PhD
Dena J. Fischer, DDS, MSD, MS Adjunct Professor
Center for Clinical Research Department of Periodontology
Division of Extramural Research College of Dentistry
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research The Ohio State University
National Institutes of Health Columbus, OH, USA
Bethesda, MD, USA
Palle Holmstrup, DrOdont, OdontDr (hc), PhD, DDS
Katherine France, DMD, MBE Professor, Periodontology
Assistant Professor of Oral Medicine Department of Odontology
Department of Oral Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
School of Dental Medicine University of Copenhagen
University of Pennsylvania Denmark
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Catherine Hong, BDS, MS, FDS RCSEd
Michael Glick, DMD, FDS RCSEd
Associate Professor
Professor, Department of Oral Medicine
Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry
Executive Director, Center for Integrative Global
National University of Singapore
Oral Health
Singapore
School of Dental Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA, USA Scott Howell, DMD, MPH
Assistant Professor
Martin S. Greenberg, DDS, FDS RCSEd Director of Public Health Dentistry
Professor Emeritus & Teledentistry
Department of Oral Medicine A.T. Still University, Arizona School of Dentistry &
School of Dental Medicine Oral Health
University of Pennsylvania Mesa, AZ, USA
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Effie Ioannidou, DDS, MDSc
Beth J. Guildford, DClinPsy, PGDip Professor
Consultant Clinical Psychologist Director, Dental Clinical Research Center
Dental Psychology Service Division of Periodontology
Guys Dental Hospital, Tower Wing School of Dental Medicine
Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust UCONN Health
London, UK Farmington, CT, USA
xiv ­List of Contributor

Siri Beier Jensen, DDS, PhD Marie Laryea, BSc, MD

Associate Professor Oral Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine
Head of Department Associate Professor of Surgery
Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Hepatologist, Liver Transplant Program
Faculty of Health University of Rochester Medical Center
Aarhus University Rochester, NY, USA
Aarhus, Denmark
Lyvia Y. Leigh, MD
Mats Jontell, DDS, PhD, FDS RCSEd Associate, Allergy & Asthma Specialists, PC
Professor Emeritus Blue Bell, PA, USA
Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology
Institute of Odontology Mark Lepore, MD
Sahlgrenska Academy Vice President, Head of Clinical Strategy and
University of Gothenburg Development
Göteborg, Sweden Inhalation and Complex Injectable Products
Lupin Research, Inc.
Blue Bell, PA, USA
A. Ross Kerr, DDS, MSD
Clinical Professor
Pei Feng Lim, BDS, MS
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology
Associate Professor
and Medicine
Division of Diagnostic Sciences
New York University College of Dentistry
Adams School of Dentistry
New York, NY, USA
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Junad Khan, BDS, MPH, MSD, PhD
Associate Professor, Program Director
Peter B. Lockhart, DDS, FDS RCSEd, FDS RCPS
Orofacial Pain and TMJ Disorders
Research Professor
Eastman Institute for Oral Health
Atrium Health’s Carolinas Medical Center
University of Rochester
Charlotte, NC, USA
Rochester, NY, USA
Michael L. McGarvey, MD
Joanne Konkel, PhD Associate Professor of Neurology
Principal Investigator Department of Neurology
Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Perelman School of Medicine
Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine University of Pennsylvania
and Health Philadelphia, PA, USA
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
University of Manchester Mark McLean, BMed, PhD, FRACP
Manchester, UK Clinical Professor of Medicine – Endocrinology
Executive Director of Research
Olga A. Korczeniewska, BA, PhD Westmead Hospital
Assistant Professor Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular
Disorders Niki M. Moutsopoulous, DDS, PhD
Department of Diagnostic Sciences Senior Investigator
Rutgers School of Dental Medicine Chief, Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section
Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey National Institutes of Health
Newark, NJ, USA Bethesda, MD, USA
 ­List of Contributor xv

Brian C. Muzyka, DMD, MS, MBA Karo Parsegian, DMD, MDSc, PhD
Professor and Director of Hospital Dentistry Assistant Professor
East Carolina School of Dental Medicine and Vidant Director, Undergraduate Periodontics
Medical Center Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene
Greenville, NC, USA School of Dentistry
University of Texas Health Science Center
Raj Nair, MS, MRACDS (OralMed), PhD Houston, TX, USA
Deputy Head of School
Griffith University Ashish A. Patel, MD, DDS, FACS
Menzies Health Institute Queensland Consultant and Director of Microvascular Surgery
Oral Oncology Consultant The Head and Neck Institute
Department of Haematology and Oncology Head and Neck Surgical Associates
Gold Coast University Hospital Attending Surgeon
Queensland Health Providence Cancer Institute
Queensland, Australia Providence Head and Neck Cancer Program
Medical Director
Joel J. Napeñas, DDS, FDS RCSEd Cranio-Oral and Maxillofacial and Neck Trauma
Associate Professor of Oral Medicine Legacy Emanuel Medical Center
Director, Oral Medicine Residency Program Portland, OR, USA
Chief, Site Based Medical Director
Department of Oral Medicine
Atrium Health’s Carolinas Medical Center Lauren L. Patton, DDS, FDS RCSEd
Charlotte, NC, USA University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC, USA
J. Tim Newton, PhD
Professor of Psychology as Applied to Dentistry Douglas E. Peterson, DMD, PhD, FDS RCSEd
Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences Professor and Head, Oral Medicine
Guys Dental Hospital, Tower Wing Department of Oral Health and
Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust Diagnostic Sciences
London, UK School of Dental Medicine
Head & Neck Cancer/Oral Oncology Program
Nikolaos G. Nikitakis, MD, DDS, PhD, Dipl ABOMP Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center
Vice Dean, Professor and Chair UConn Health
Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology Farmington, CT, USA
School of Dentistry
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Jeremy Sanderson, MD, FRCP
Athens, Greece
Professor of Gastroenterology
Clinical Director, Gastrointestinal Medicine
Richard Ohrbach, DDS, PhD, OdontDr (hc)
and Surgery
Professor
Guy’s & St.Thomas’ Hospitals NHS
Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences
Foundation Trust
School of Dental Medicine
St. Thomas’ Hospital
University at Buffalo
London, UK
Buffalo, NY, USA

Temitope Omolehinwa, BDS, DMD, DScD Vidya Sankar, DMD, MHS

Assistant Professor of Oral Medicine Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Department of Oral Medicine Boston, MA;
School of Dental Medicine Previously:
University of Pennsylvania Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Philadelphia, PA, USA Boston, MA, USA
xvi ­List of Contributor

Mark Schifter, BDS, MDSc (OM), MSND RCSEd, M Oral Med Suma Sukumar, BDS, DClinDent, MRACDS, FRACDS
RCSEd, FFD RCSI (OM), FRACDS (OM) Staff Specialist, Department of Oral Medicine
Staff Specialist and Head Westmead Centre for Oral Health
Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Special Westmead Hospital
Needs Dentistry Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
Westmead Centre for Oral Health
Westmead Hospital Yee-Ping Sun, MD, FACC
Westmead, New South Wales; Assistant Professor of Medicine
Clinical A/Professor Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Sydney Dental School Faculty of Medicine and Health Harvard Medical School
The University of Sydney Boston, MA, USA
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Malavika Tampi, MPH
Noha Seoudi, BDS, LDS RCSEng, MDS, MFDS RCPS, PGCAP, Manager, Department of Evidence Synthesis and
FHEA, MInstLM, FRCPath, PhD Translation Research
Senior Clinical Lecturer in Oral Microbiology at ADA Science & Research Institute
Barts and the London School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
and Dentistry
Queen Mary University of London Jose Luis Tapia, DDS, MS
London, UK Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences
Jane F. Setterfield, BDS, DCH, MD, FRCP School of Dental Medicine
Professor of Oral and Dermatological Medicine University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions Buffalo, NY, USA
King’s College London
Honorary Consultant in Dermatology Vasileios Ionas Theofilou, DDS
Department of Oral Medicine and St John’s Institute of Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences
Dermatology School of Dentistry
Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust University of Maryland
London, UK Baltimore, MD, USA

Thomas Sollecito, DMD, FDS RCSEd Ruchir Trivedi, MD, MSc, MRCP (UK)
Professor and Chair of Oral Medicine Assistant Professor
Associate Dean of Hospital and Extramural Affairs Division of Nephrology
Chief, Oral Medicine School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Health System UCONN Health
Department of Oral Medicine Farmington, Connecticut, USA
School of Dental Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Denise A. Trochesset, DDS
Philadelphia, PA, USA Clinical Professor
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology
Eric T. Stoopler, DMD, FDS RCS, FDS RCPS and Medicine
Professor of Oral Medicine New York University College of Dentistry
Department of Oral Medicine New York, NY, USA
School of Dental Medicine;
Professor of Oral Medicine Olivia Urquhart, MPH
Division of Geriatric Medicine Health Analyst
Department of Medicine Department of Evidence Synthesis and Translation
Perelman School of Medicine Research
University of Pennsylvania ADA Science & Research Institute
Philadelphia, PA, USA Chicago, IL, USA
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