Gdpj gpupl;Nlh mfhlkp

,uz;lhk; gUtj;Nju;T
ghlg;nghUs;

tFg;G : MW ghlk; : jkpo;

nra;As; - jpUf;Fws;

m. nghUs; jUf

1. ctf;Fk; - kfpo;r;rp milAk;

2. rhd;Nwhd; - mwptpy; rpwe;jtd;
3. vd;G - vYk;G
4. ,d;dhj - fLikahd
5. mw;W - Nghy

M. E}y; Fwpg;G - jpUf;Fws;

 jpUf;Fws; gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W.
 jpUf;Fws; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy;> ,d;gj;Jg;ghy; vd;Dk; %d;W gphpTfisf;
nfhz;lJ.
 jpUf;Fws; 133 mjpfhuq;fspy; 1330 Fwl;ghf;fisf; nfhz;lJ.
 jpUf;Fws; “cyfg;nghJkiw” vd;Wk; “thAiw tho;j;J” vd;Wk;
miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
 E}w;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nkhopfspy; jpUf;Fws; nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,. tpilasp
1. capUs;s cly; vJ?
 md;G ,Ug;gJjhd; capUs;s cly;;.
 md;G ,y;yhjJ ntWk; vYk;Gk; NjhYk; jhd;.

2. vOj;JfSf;Fj; njhlf;fkhf miktJ vJ?

 mfuNk vOj;JfSf;Fj; njhlf;fk;.
 mJ Nghy Mjp gftNd cyFf;Fj; njhlf;fk;.

3. md;gpyhu; md;Gilahu; nray;fs; ahit?

 md;G ,y;yhjtu; vy;yhg; nghUSk; jkf;Nf vd;ghu;fs;.
 md;G cilatu;fs; jk; clk;Gk; gpwu;f;Nf vd;ghu;fs;.
 Jizg;ghlk;
fpotDk; flYk;

Fwpg;Gr;rl;lfk;
Kd;Diu
rhz;bahNfhTk; kNdhypDk;
rhz;bahNfhtpd; tplhKaw;rp
kNdhypdpd; KbT
KbTiu
Kd;Diu:
fpotDk; flYk; vd;Dk; Mq;fpyg; Gjpdk; jkpopy; nkhop ngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,e;E}y; 1954 Mk; Mz;L Nehgy; ghpR ngw;wJ. ,e;E}ypd; Mrphpah; vu;ndr;l; vkpq;Nf.
tplhKaw;rpf;F taJ xU jil ,y;iy vd;gij ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
rhz;bahNfhTk; kNdhypDk;:
rhz;bahNfh taJ Kjph;e;j kPdth;. ,tu; flYf;F nrd;why; kPd;gpbf;fhky;
jpUk;gkhl;lhu;. ,tuplk; kNdhypd; vd;w rpWtd; kPd;gpbf;Fk; njhopiy fw;Wf; nfhs;s
te;jhd;. ,td; te;J ehw;gJ ehshfpAk; kPd;fNs fpilf;ftpy;iy. mjd; gpwFk;
vz;gj;jp ehd;F ehl;fs; fle;Jk; kPd;fs; fpilf;fhjjhy; kNdhypdpd; ngw;Nwhh; mtid
NtW xU kPdthplk; Nrh;j;Jtpl;ldu;;.
rhz;;bahNfhtpd; tplhKaw;rp:
rhz;bahNfh kdk; jsuhky; J}z;biy Nghl;Lf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhh;. vz;gj;jp
Ie;jhtJ ehs; VNjh xd;W J}z;bypy; khl;baJ. mJ xU nghpa kPd; vd;gjhy;
Kjpath; Nghuhb ,Wjpapy; jd; <l;bahy; mjid Fj;jpf; nfhd;whu;. mjid jd;
glfpd; Xuj;jpy; fapW %yk; fl;b fiuf;Fr; Nrh;e;jhh;. Mdhy; fiuf;F te;j NghJ
RwhkPd;fshy; me;j kPd; rhg;gplg;gl;L ntWk; vYk;Gf;$L kl;Lk; ,Ue;jJ. ,jidf;
fz;l Kjpatu; jd; Kaw;rpapd; gaid czh;e;jhu;.
kNdhypdpd; KbT:
Kjpatupd; Kaw;rpiaf; fz;l kNdhypd; ePq;fs; jhd; jpwikahd kPdth;
vd;W $wptpl;L ,dp ehd; cq;fSld; jhd; kPd; gpbg;Ngd; vd cWjp $wpdhd;.
KbTiu:
ek; midtupd; tho;tpYk; tplh Kaw;rp mtrpak; Njit Kjpatupd; tplh
Kaw;rpapd; gyid ,f;fl;Liuapd; %yk; mwpe;J nfhz;Nlhk;.
 ,ay; - 3
nra;As; - fy;tpiag; Nghw;W

m. nghUs; jUf
1. ngUf;fp - tsu;j;J
2. kUis - kaf;fj;ij
3. njUis - njspit
4. mUj;JtJk; - jUtJk;
5. jpUj;jp - rPuhf;fp
6. kjp - mwpT
7. Mtp - capu;
8. nghUj;JtJk; - Nru;g;gJk;

M. Mrpupau; Fwpg;G – fh. g. nra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu;

ngau; - fh.g. nra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu;
Cu; - ,lyhf;Fb (fd;dpahFkup)
E}y;fs; - egpfs; ehaf khd;kpa kQ;rup, jpUkjpdj;J me;jhjp
rpwg;G - rjhtjhdp
fhyk; - 31.07.1874 - 13.02.1950

,. tpilasp
1. fy;tpia Vd; Nghw;wpf; fw;f Ntz;Lk;?
 mUspid tsu;j;J, mwpitr; rPuhf;fp, kaf;fj;jpid mfw;wp, mwpTf;Fj;
njspT je;J, capUf;F mupa Jizaha; ,d;gk; Nru;g;gJ fy;tpNa MFk;.
vdNt fy;tpiag; Nghw;wpf; fw;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. rjhtjhdk; - tpsf;Ff.
 rjk; vd;why; E}W vd;W nghUs;.
 xUtuJ GyikiaAk;> epidthw;wiyAk;> Ez;mwpitAk; , Nrhjpg;gjw;fhf
xNu Neuj;jpy; epfo;j;jg;gLk; E}W nray;fisAk; epidtpy; nfhz;L
tpilaspj;jNy rjhtjhdk; MFk;.

3. vJifj;njhil vd;why; vd;d?

 KjnyOj;J msnthj;jjhf ,Uf;f ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ
vJifj;njhil MFk;.
 (v.fh) mUis - kUis
mUj;JtJk; - nghUj;JtJk;
 ciueil
fy;tpf; fz; jpwe;jth;

m. tpilasp
1. fhkuhru; fhyj;jpy; njhlq;fg;gl;l fy;tp epWtdq;fs; ahit?
 nghwpapay; fy;Y}upfs;>
 kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfs;>
 fhy;eil kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfs;>
 Mrpupau; gapw;rp epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wit fhkuhru; fhyj;jpy; njhlq;fg;gl;l
fy;tp epWtdq;fs; MFk;.

2. fhkuhrupd; rpwg;G ngau;fs; ahit?

 gbf;fhj Nkij
 ngUe;jiytu;
 fu;ktPuu;
 fUg;Gf; fhe;jp
 Viog;gq;fhsu;
 jiytu;fis cUthf;Fgtu;.

M. ngUtpdh
1. fhkuhrhpd; fy;tpg;gzpfisj; njhFj;J vOJf.
 fhkuhrh; gjtpNaw;wgpd; Vw;fdNt %bapUe;j Mwhapuk; gs;spfs; jpwf;f
cj;jutpl;lhu;.
 ,ytrf; fl;lhaf; fy;tpf;fhd rl;lj;ij ,aw;wpdhu;.
 khzth;fs; grpapd;wpg; gbf;f kjpa czTj;jpl;lj;ij gs;spfspy;
mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;.
 khzth;fs; Vw;wj;jho;tpd;wpg; gbf;f gs;spfspy; rPUilj; jpl;lj;ij
mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;.
 jkpo;ehl;by; gy fpis E}yfq;fisj; njhlq;fpdhh;.
 gs;spfspd; trjpfisg; ngUf;f gs;spr; rPuikg;G khehLfs; elj;jpdhh;.
 nghwpapay; fy;Y}hpfs;> kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}hpfs;> fhy;eil kUj;Jtf;
fy;Y}upfs;> Mrpupah; gapw;rp epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwj; njhlq;fpdhu;.

,yf;fzk;
nkhopKjy; vOj;Jfs;
m. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf
1. nrhy;ypd; Kjypy; tUk; vOj;Jfis nkhop Kjy; vOj;Jfs; vd;Nghk;.
2. nkhopf;F Kjypy; kl;LNk tUk; vOj;Jfs; capnuOj;Jfs;.
3. nrhy;ypd; ,ilapYk; ,WjpapYk; capu;vOj;Jfs; jdpj;J tuhJ.
4. nka;naOj;Jfs; nrhy;ypw;F Kjypy; tuhJ.
5. nrhy;ypw;F ,ilapy; kl;LNk tUk; vOj;J Ma;j vOj;J.
6. f>r>j>e>g>k Mfpa tupirfspy; cs;s vy;yh capu;nka; vOj;JfSk;
nrhy;ypd; Kjypy; tUk;.
M. $wpathW nra;f
1. ffu tupirr; nrhw;fis vOJf
fly;> fhL> fpsp> fPup> Fapy;> $il> nfz;il> Nfzp> iffs;> nfhl;by;> NfhL>
nfsjhup.
2. jfu tupirr; nrhw;fis vOJf
jiy> jhfk;> jpir> jPik> Jis> J}J> njd;wy;> Njly;> ij khjk;>
njhl;by;> Njhif> njsyk.;

,ay; - 4
nra;As; - Mrhuf;Nfhit
m. nrhw;nghUs; jUf
1. ed;wpawpjy; - gpwu; nra;j cjtpia kwthik
2. xg;GuT - vy;NyhiuAk; rkkhfg; NgZjy;
3. el;ly; - el;Gf; nfhs;Sjy;

M. Mrhuf;Nfhit - E}y; Fwpg;G vOJf

 Mrhuf;Nfhitapd; Mrpupau; ngUthapd; Ks;spahu;.
 ,tu; gpwe;j Cu; tz;faj;J}u;.
 Mrhuf;Nfhit vd;gjw;F ey;y xOf;fq;fspd; njhFg;G vd;gJ nghUs;.
 ,e;E}y; gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W.
 ,e;E}y; E}W ntz;ghf;fisf; nfhz;lJ.

,. tpilasp
1. ve;j capUf;Fk; nra;af; $lhjJ vJ?
ve;j capUf;Fk; Jd;gk; nra;af; $lhJ
2. ehk; ahUld; el;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;?
ehk; ew;gz;Gfs; cilatNuhL el;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
<. ngUtpdh

1. Mrhuf;Nfhit $Wk; vl;L tpj;Jfs; ahit?

 gpwu; nra;j cjtpia kwthjpUj;jy;
 gpwu; nra;Ak; jPikfisg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;
 ,dpa nrhw;fisg; NgRjy;
 vt;Tapu;f;Fk; Jd;gk; nra;ahjpUj;jy;
 fy;tp mwpT ngWjy;
 vy;NyhiuAk; rkkhfg; NgZjy;
 mwpTilatuha; ,Uj;jy;
 ew;gz;Gfs; cilatNuhL el;Gf; nfhs;Sjy; Mfpa vl;Lk; Mrhuf;Nfhit
$Wk; ey;nyhOf;fq;fshFk;.
 ciueil
jkpou; ngUtpoh

m. tpilasp
1. Nghfpg;gz;bif vjw;fhff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ?
 tho;f;iff;F tsk; jUk; kiof;flTis topgLk; Nehf;fpy; mf;fhyj;jpy;
Nghfpg;gz;bif ,e;jputpohthff; nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ.

2. cotu;fs; Vd; khLfSf;F ed;wp nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;?

 khLfs; coTf;Fk; cotUf;Fk; cw;w Jizahf tpsq;Ffpd;wd.
 mjdhy; cotu;fs; khLfSf;F ed;wp nrYj;Jfpd;whu;fs;.
 khLfSf;F ed;wp nrYj;Jk; tifapy; khl;Lg; nghq;fy;
nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ.

M. ngUtpdh

1. fhZk; nghq;fiy kf;fs; vt;thW nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;?

 khl;Lg; nghq;fYf;F mLj;j ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLtJ fhZk; nghq;fy; MFk;.

 ,e;ehspy; cw;whu; cwtpdu; kw;Wk; ez;gu; tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;W mtu;fisf;
fz;L kfpo;tu;.
 FLk;gj;jpdUld; tpUk;gpa ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W kfpo;Tld; nghOijf; fopg;gu;.
 NkYk; gl;bkd;wq;fs;> fiy epfo;r;rpfs; Kjypatw;iw elj;Jtu;.
 tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bfs; elj;jp ntw;wp ngw;NwhUf;Fg; gupRfis toq;fpg;
ghuhl;Ltu;.

,yf;fzk;

nkhop ,Wjp vOj;Jfs;

m. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.

1. nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tUk; vOj;Jfis nkhop ,Wjp vOj;Jfs; vd;gu;.
2. Ma;j vOj;J nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tuhJ.
3. f;> q;> r;> l;> j;> g;> w; Mfpa VO nka; vOj;JfSk; nrhy;ypd;> ,Wjpapy;
tUtjpy;iy.
4. nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; capnuOj;Jfs; tUtjpy;iy.
5. Ma;j vOj;J nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tuhJ.
6. nka;naOj;Jfs; gjpndl;Lk; nrhy;ypd; ,ilapy; tUk;.
7. Ma;j vOj;J nrhy;ypd; ,ilapy; kl;LNk tUk;.
8. msngilapy; kl;LNk capnuOj;Jfs; nrhy;ypd; ,ilapy;; tUk;.