NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –

Introduction to Graphs

In questions 1 to 10, there are four options out of which one is correct.
Write the correct answer.
1. Comparison of parts of a whole may be done by a
(a) Bar graph (b) pie chart (c) linear graph (d) line graph
Solution: The correct answer is option (b) Pie chart
Explanation:
A pie chart is used to compare the parts of a whole. Because, the circle represents the whole.

2. A graph that displays data that changes continuously over periods of time is
(a) Bar graph (b) pie chart (c) histogram (d) line graph
Solution: The correct answer is option (d) Line graph
Explanation:
A line graph displays the continuous change of data over the period of time like speed or
distance covered.

3. In the given graph the coordinates of point x are

(a) (0, 2) (b) (2, 3) (c) (3, 2) (d) (3, 0)

Solution: The correct answer is option (c) (3, 2)

Explanation:
To find the coordinate, draw the perpendicular line from point x to the x axis and y from the y
axis. From the given figure, the coordinate of x axis is 3, and the coordinate of y-axis is 2.
Hence, the coordinate of x is (3, 2)

4. In the given graph the letter that indicates the point (0, 3) is
(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

Solution: The correct answer is option (c) R

Explanation:
From the given figure, the coordinates of S is (3, 3), the coordinates of P is (3, 0) and
Coordinates of R is (0, 3)
Hence, option c is correct.

5. The point (3, 4) is at a distance of

(a) 3 from both the axis (b) 4 from both the axis
(c) 4 from the x axis and 3 from y axis (d) 3 from x axis and from y axis
Solution: The correct answer is option (c) 4 from the x axis and 3 from y axis
Explanation:
In the coordinate (3, 4), the first number represents the distance on x axis or y coordinate
whereas the second number 4 represents the distance on y axis or the x coordinate.
6. A point which lies on both the axis is __________
(a) (0, 0) (b) (0, 1) (c) (1, 0) (d) (1, 1)
Solution: The correct answer is option (a)
Explanation:
Both the x axis and y axis are perpendicular to each other and they meet at a single point
called origin (0, 0)

7. The coordinates of a point at a distance of 3 units from the x axis and 6 units from the
y axis is
(a) (0, 3) (b) (6, 0) (c) (3, 6) (d) (6, 3)
Solution: The correct answer is option (d) (6, 3)
Explanation:
It is known that, the distance from the x axis gives the y coordinate and the distance from the y
axis gives the x coordinate. Hence, the coordinate point is (6, 3).

8. In the given figure the position of the book on the table may be given by
(a) (7, 3) (b) (3, 7)
(c) (3, 3) (d) (7, 7)
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

Solution: The correct answer is option (b) (3, 7)

Explanation:
The book positioned at a distance of 3 units from the y axis and 7 units from the x axis. Hence,
the required coordinate point is (3, 7).

9. Data was collected on a student’s typing rate and graph was drawn as shown below.
Approximately how many words had this student typed in 30 seconds?
(a) 20 (b) 24 (c) 28 (d) 34

Solution: The correct answer is option (c) 28

Explanation:
From the given graph, the time (in sec) is taken in x axis and the number of words in y axis.
When the look for the line graph to find the number of words corresponds to 30 seconds in the
x axis, the words typed in 30 seconds comes out is approximately 28 words.

10. Which graphs of the following represent the table below?

Length of Side 1 2 3 4 5
of a Square
Perimeter 4 8 12 16 20
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

Solution: The correct answer is option (d)

Explanation:
It is given that, x axis represents the length of the square side and y axis represents the
perimeter. When you plot the given points in the graph, the answer should be option (d).

In questions 11 to 25, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

11. __________ displays data that changes continuously over periods of time.
Solution: Line Graph
Explanation:
Line graph displays the relationship between the constantly varying quantities

12. The relation between dependent and independent variables is shown through a
__________.
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

Solution: Graph
Explanation:
The graph defines the relationship between the two variables where one is the dependent
variable and the other one is the independent variable.

13. We need __________ coordinates for representing a point on the graph sheet.
Solution: two (a pair)
Explanation:
To represent the point on the graph we need a pair of coordinate, where one represents the x
coordinate and the other represents the y coordinate.

14. A point in which the x-coordinate is zero and y-coordinate is nonzero will lie on the
_________
Solution: y axis
Explanation:
The point lies on the y axis, when the x coordinate is zero.

15. The horizontal and vertical line in a line graph are usually called
__________ and __________.
Solution: x axis and y axis

16. The process of fixing a point with the help of the coordinates is known as
__________ of the point.
Solution: Plotting
Explanation:
The process of fixing the point using the coordinates is known as the plotting of points on a
graph.

17. The distance of any point from the y-axis is the __________ coordinate.
Solution: x coordinate
Explanation:
The distance of any point from the x axis is called y coordinate and the distance of any point
from the y axis is called the x coordinate.

18. All points with y-coordinate as zero lie on the __________.

Solution: x axis
Explanation:
When all the points on the y coordinate are zero, then absolutely all the points lie on the x axis.

19. For the point (5, 2), the distance from the x -axis is __________ units.
Solution: 2 units.
Explanation:
We know that, y coordinate represents the distance from the x axis. So the answer is 2 units.

20. The x-coordinate of any point lying on the y-axis will be __________.
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

Solution: zero (0)

Explanation:
When the x-coordinates lies on the y axis, then the x coordinate of any point on the y axis
should be zero.

21. The y-coordinate of the point (2, 4) is __________.

Solution: 4 units.
Explanation:
In the ordered pair, the first number always represents the x coordinate and the second
number represents the y coordinate. Hence, the y coordinate is 4 units.

22. In the point (4, 7), 4 denotes the __________.

Solution: x- coordinate.
Explanation:
The first number in the ordered pair represents the x coordinate and the second number
represents the y- coordinate.

23. A point has 5 as its x – coordinate and 4 as its y–coordinate. Then the coordinates of
the point are given by __________.
Solution: (5, 4)
Explanation:
The point is represented using the ordered pair = (x coordinate, y coordinate)

24. In the coordinates of a point, the second number denotes the

__________.
Solution: y coordinate
Explanation:
The second number in the coordinate point represent the y coordinate.

25. The point where the two axes intersect is called the __________.
Solution: Origin (0, 0)
Explanation:
The two axis intersects at a common point in the graph is called the origin.

In the questions 26 to 34, state whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
26. For fixing a point on the graph sheet we need two coordinates.
Solution: True
Explanation:
For plotting a point, we need two coordinates such as x coordinate and y coordinate.

27. A line graph can also be a whole unbroken line.

Solution: False
Explanation:
A graph which has whole unbroken lines are called linear graph.
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

28. The distance of any point from the x -axis is called the x-coordinate.
Solution: False
Explanation:
The distance of any point from the x -axis is called the y-coordinate

29. The distance of the point (3, 5) from the y-axis is 5.

Solution: False
Explanation:
The distance of the point (3, 5) from the y-axis is 3 and from x axis is 5

30. The ordinate of a point is its distance from the y-axis.

Solution: False
Explanation:
The ordinate is also known as y coordinate, where it is defined as a distance from the x axis

31. In the point (2, 3), 3 denotes the y-coordinate.

Solution: True
Explanation:
From the given point,
(2, 3) = (x coordinate, y coordinate)

32. The coordinates of the origin are (0, 0).

Solution: True
Explanation:
Both the axis such as x axis and y axis intersects at each other when the coordinates of x and
y are 0 and 0 respectively.

33. The points (3, 5) and (5, 3) represent the same point.
Solution: False
Explanation:
The point (3, 5) and (5, 3) does not represent the same point.
From point (3, 5), the x coordinate is 3 and the y coordinate is 5
From point (5, 3), the x coordinate is 5 and the y coordinate is 3
When these points are plotted in graph, you will get the different graph.

34. The y-coordinate of any point lying on the x -axis will be zero.
Solution: True
Explanation:
For any y coordinate point, when it lies on the x axis, then the y coordinate should be zero. For
example, (5, 0) and (7, 0), when these points are plotted in the graph, both the points will lie on
the x axis.

35. Match the coordinates given in Column A with the items mentioned
in Column B.
Column A Column B
(1) (0, 5) (a) y coordinate is 2 × x - coordinate + 1.
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

(2) (2, 3) (b) Coordinates of origin.

(3) (4, 8) (c) Only y–coordinate is zero.
(4) (3, 7) (d) The distance from x –axis is 5.
(5) (0, 0) (e) y coordinate is double of x –coordinate.
(6) (5, 0) (f) The distance from y–axis is 2.
Solution:
Column A Column B
(1) (0, 5) (d) the distance from x –axis is 5.
(2) (2, 3) (f) the distance from y–axis is 2.
(3) (4, 8) (e) y coordinate is double of x –coordinate.
(4) (3, 7) (a) y coordinate is 2 × x - coordinate + 1.
(5) (0, 0) (b) Coordinates of origin.
(6) (5, 0) (c) Only y–coordinate is zero

36. Match the ordinates of the points given in Column A with the items mentioned in
Column B.
Column A Column B
(a) (7, 0) (i) the ordinate is double the abscissa.
(b) (11, 11) (ii) the ordinate is zero.
(c) (4, 8) (iii) the ordinate is equal to the abscissa.
(d) (6, 2) (iv) The abscissa is double the ordinate.
(e) (0, 9) (v) the abscissa is triple the ordinate.
(f) (6, 3) (vi) The abscissa is zero
Solution:
Here, x coordinate represents the abscissa and y coordinate represents the ordinate.
Column A Column B
(a) (7, 0) (ii) The ordinate is zero
(b) (11, 11) (iii) the ordinate is equal to the abscissa
(c) (4, 8) (i) the ordinate is double the abscissa.
(d) (6, 2) (v) the abscissa is triple the ordinate.
(e) (0, 9) (vi) The abscissa is zero.
(f) (6, 3) (iv) The abscissa is double the ordinate

37. From the given graph, choose the letters that indicate the location of the points
given below.
(a) (2, 0) (b) (0, 4) (c) (5, 1) (d) (2, 6) (e) (3,3)
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

Solution:
From the given graph, the letters that indicate the location of point is given below:
A indicates the points: (0, 4)
B indicates the points: (1, 5)
C indicates the points: (2, 6)
D indicates the points: (0, 2)
E indicates the points: (3, 3)
F indicates the points: (2, 0)

38. Find the coordinates of all letters in the graph given below.

Solution:
From the given graph, the coordinates of the given letters are:
A Coordinates = (0, 7.5)
B Coordinates = (4, 5)
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

C Coordinates = (7.5, 2.5)

D Coordinates = (11, 0)
E Coordinates = (14.5, 6.5)
F Coordinates = (18, 9.5)

39. Plot the given points on a graph sheet.

(a) (5, 4) (b) (2, 0) (c) (3, 1) (d) (0, 4) (e) (4,5)
Solution:
First draw the x and y axis, and plot the given points.
The given points are A = (5, 4), B = (2, 0), C = (3, 1), D = (0, 4) and E = (4, 5)

40. Study the given map of a zoo and answer the following questions.
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

(a) Give the location of lions in the zoo.

(b) (D, f) and (C, d) represent locations of which animals in the zoo?
(c) Where are the toilets located?
(d) Give the location of canteen.
Solution:
(a) The location of lions in the zoo is (A, f)
(b) (D, f) and (C, d) represent locations of Monkey and elephant respectively
(c) The toilets are located in (0, e)
(d) The location of the canteen is (C, c)

41. Write the x -coordinate (abscissa) of each of the given points.

(a) (7, 3) (b) (5, 7) (c) (0, 5)
Solution:
We know that, abscissa represents the x coordinate in the ordered pair.
For the given points, the abscissa are as follows:
(a) (7, 3) – 7 is the abscissa
(b) (5, 7) – 5 is the abscissa
(c) (0, 5) – 0 is the abscissa

42. Write the y-coordinate (ordinate) of each of the given points.

(a) (3, 5) (b) (4, 0) (c) (2, 7)
Solution:
We know that, the ordinate represents the y coordinate in the ordered pair.
For the given points, the ordinate are as follows:
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

(a) (3, 5) – 5 is the ordinate

(b) (4, 0) – 0 is the ordinate
(c) (2, 7) – 7 is the ordinate

43. Plot the given points on a graph sheet and check if the points lie on a straight line. If
not, name the shape they form when joined in the given order.
(a) (1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8).
(b) (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2).
(c) (4, 2), (2, 4), (3, 3), (5, 4).
Solution:
(a) For the given points, (1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8), the obtained graph is given below:

All the points lie on the straight line.

(b) For the given points, (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), the obtained graph is given below:
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

No, the points do not form a straight line. They form a square.

(c) For the given points, (4, 2), (2, 4), (3, 3), (5, 4), the obtained graph is given below:
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

The given points does not lie in the straight line. When the points are joined in the given order
(also AD), a triangle is formed.

44. If y–coordinate is 3 times x -coordinate, form a table for it and draw a graph.
Solution:
Given that y = 3x
Let x = 1, 2, 3, 4
The corresponding y coordinate values are given as follows:
When x = 1, y= 3(1) = 3 ⇒ (1, 3)
When x = 2, y= 3(2) = 6 ⇒ (2, 6)
When x = 3, y= 3(3) = 9 ⇒ (3, 9)
When x = 4, y= 3(4) = 12 ⇒ (4, 12)
Hence, the obtained points are:
(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9) and (4, 12)
The graph for the above given points are:

45. Make a line graph for the area of a square as per the given table
Side (in cm) 1 2 3 4
Area (in cm ) 12 4 9 16
Is it a linear graph?
Solution:
From the given table, the coordinates are taken as:
(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16)
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

The graph for the given points are:

Here, x axis represents the square side and y axis represents the area of a square.
From the given graph, it is shown that, it is not a linear graph, because the points are not in the
same line (not collinear).
Hence, it is not a linear graph.

46. The cost of a note book is Rs. 10. Draw a graph after making a table showing cost of
2, 3, 4 ... Note books. Use it to find
(a) The cost of 7 notebooks.
(b) The number of note books that can be purchased with Rs 50.
Solution:
It is given that, the cost of one note book is Rs.10
(a) Hence, the cost of 7 note books is 7x10 = 70 rs
(b) To find the number of note books that can be purchased for Rs. 50 is
= 50/10
=5
Hence, the number of note books for Rs. 50 is 5.
47. Explain the situations represented by the following distance-time graphs.
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

Solution:
(a) The first figure shows that, the distance increases time also increase with equal intervals
(b) The second figure shows that, the distance increases time also increases and the
remaining part shows that the distance is constant for a long time.
(c) The third figure shows that, distance increases times also increases unequal intervals.
48. Complete the given tables and draw a graph for each.
(a)
x 0 1 2 3
Y= 3x+1 1 4 - -

(b)
x 1 2 4 6
Y= x-1 0 - - -

Solution:
(a) It given that, y= 3x+1
When x= 0, then y = 1
When x=1, then y = 4
Now, we have to find the value of y, when x= 2 and x = 3
When x= 2, y = 3(2) +1 = 7
When x= 3, y = 3(3) +1 = 10
Hence, the obtained coordinate points are:
(0, 1), (1, 4), (2, 7) and (3, 10)
The graph for the given points is:
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

(b) It given that, y= x-1

When x= 1, then y = 0
Now, we have to find the value of y when x= 2, 4, 6,
When x= 2, y = 2 -1 = 1
When x= 4, y = 4- 1 = 3
When x= 6, y = 6- 1 = 5
Hence, the obtained coordinate points are:
(1, 0), (2, 1), (4, 3) and (6, 5)
The graph for the given points is:
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

49. Study the given graphs (a) and (b) and complete the corresponding tables below

(a)
X 0 1 2 3
y
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

(b)
X 0 1 2 3 4
Y

Solution:
(a) From the given graph, the y coordinates of the first table is given as:
Let take x = 1, now draw a line parallel to y axis at 1, and check whether where it cuts the
graph. So we get y=4
Similarly for other x values, repeat the procedure.
Then the coordinates are given the table as follows:
X 0 1 2 3
y 0 1 2 3

(b) From the given graph, the y coordinates of the first table is given as:
Let take x = 1, now draw a line parallel to y axis at 1, and check whether where it cuts the
graph. So we get y=1
Similarly for other x values, repeat the procedure.
Then the coordinates are given the table as follows:
X 0 1 2 3 4
Y 2 4 6 8 10

50. Draw a graph for the radius and circumference of circle using a suitable scale.
(Hint: Take radius = 7, 14, 21 units and so on)
From the graph,
(a) Find the circumference of the circle when radius is 42 units.
(b) At what radius will the circumference of the circle be 220 units?
Solution:
We know that, the circumference of a circle is 2πr. The radius depends on the circumference
of a circle.
So, now we have to plot the radius on the x axis and the circumference on the y axis. Because
radius is an independent variable and circumference is a dependent variable.
Now, the equations in terms of x and y is given as:
y = 2πx
When x= 0, then y = 2π (0) = 0
When x= 7, then y = 2π (7) = 44
When x= 14, then y = 2π (14) = 88
When x= 21, then y = 2π (21) = 132
Hence, the coordinates are (0, 0), (7, 44, (14, 88) and (21, 132)
The graph of the points are:
 NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Maths Solutions for Chapter 12 –
Introduction to Graphs

(a) When the radius is 42 units, from the graph, the value of y (circumference) is 264
(b) From the graph, it is obtained that when the circumference is 220, the value of radius is 35
units.