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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
OF POLYMERS AND
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Applied Research Methods
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
OF POLYMERS AND
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Applied Research Methods

Edited by
Omari V. Mukbaniani, DSc
Tamara N. Tatrishvili, PhD
Marc J. M. Abadie, DSc
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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Title: Science and technology of polymers and advanced materials : applied research methods / edited by
   Omari V. Mukbaniani, DSc, Tamara N. Tatrishvili, PhD, Marc J. M. Abadie, DSc.
Names: Mukbaniani, O. V. (Omar V.), editor. | Tatrishvili, Tamara, editor. | Abadie, Marc J. M., editor.
Description: Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20190079932 | Canadiana (ebook) 20190080019 | ISBN 9781771887533
   (hardcover) | ISBN 9780429425301 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Polymers. | LCSH: Composite materials. | LCSH: Nanostructured materials. |
   LCSH: Polymerization.
Classification: LCC TA455.P58 S35 2019 | DDC 668.9—dc23

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Mukbaniani, O. V. (Omar V.), editor. | Tatrishvili, Tamara, editor. | Abadie, Marc J. M., editor.
Title: Science and technology of polymers and advanced materials : applied research methods / editors,
   Omari V. Mukbaniani, DSc, Tamara N. Tatrishvili, PhD, Marc J. M. Abadie, DSc.
Other titles: Science and technology of polymers and advanced materials (Apple Academic Press)
Description: Oakville, ON, Canada ; Palm Bay, Florida, USA : Apple Academic Press, 2019. |
   Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019010956 (print) | LCCN 2019015746 (ebook) | ISBN 9780429425301 (ebook) |
   ISBN 9781771887533 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Polymer engineering--Research. | Polymers--Industrial applications--Research.
Classification: LCC TA455.P58 (ebook) | LCC TA455.P58 S379 2019 (print) | DDC 620.1/92--dc23
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About the Editors

Omari V. Mukbaniani, DSc

Omari Vasilii Mukbaniani, DSc, is Professor and Chair of the Macromo-
lecular Chemistry Department of Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University,
Tbilisi, Georgia. He is also the Director of the Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry at Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University and a member of
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Georgia. For several years, he was a
member of advisory board and editorial board of the Journal Proceedings
of Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (Chemical Series) and contrib-
uting editor of the journals Polymer News, Polymers Research Journal, and
Chemistry and Chemical Technology. His research interests include polymer
chemistry, polymeric materials, and chemistry of organosilicon compounds,
as well as methods of precision synthesis to build blocks and the develop-
ment of graft and comb-type structure. He also researches the mechanisms
of reactions leading to these polymers and the synthesis of various types of
functionalized silicon polymers, copolymers, and block copolymers.

Tamara N. Tatrishvili, PhD

Tamara Tatrishvili, PhD, is Senior Specialist at the Unite of Academic
Process Management (Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences) at Iv. Javakh-
ishvili Tbilisi State University as well as Senior Researcher at the Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry and Polymeric Materials in Tbilisi, Georgia.

Marc J. M. Abadie, DSc

Marc J. M. Abadie, DSc, is Professor Emeritus at the University of Montpel-
lier, Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpelier, Aggregates, Interfaces, and
Materials Energy (ICGM-AIME, UMR CNRS 5253), France. He was head
of the Laboratory of Polymer Science and Advanced Organic Materials–
LEMP/MAO. He is currently Michael Fam Visiting Professor at the School
of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University
NTU, Singapore. His present activity concerns high-performance polymers
for PEMFCs, composites and nanocomposites, UV/EB coatings, and bioma-
terials. He has published 11 books and 11 patents. He has advised nearly 95
MS and 52 PhD students with whom he has published over 402 papers. He
vi About the Editors

has more than 40 years of experience in polymer science with 10 years in

the industry (IBM, USA–MOD, UK & SNPA/Total, France). He created in
the 1980s the International Symposium on Polyimides & High-Temperature
Polymers, a.k.a. STEPI, which takes place every three years in Montpellier,
France.
Contents

Contributors................................................................................................... xi
Abbreviations............................................................................................... xix

Preface....................................................................................................... xxiii

PART I: Composites and Nanomaterials.................................................. 1

1. Chemistry of the Interfaces/Interphases in Composites
and Nanocomposites........................................................................................3
Marc J. M. Abadie

2. Composites Based on Epoxy Resin with Chemically

Modified Mineral Fillers................................................................................25
L. G. Shamanauri, E. Markarashvili, T. Tatrishvili, N. A. Koiava, J. N. Aneli,
and O. V. Mukbaniani
3. Material Model of Polyester Composites with Glass Reinforced
Polyester Recyclate and Nanofiller...............................................................35
M. Jastrzębska and M. Rutkowska

4. Structure and Properties of Polymer Composites Based on

Statistical Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer and Mineral Fillers................47
N. T. Kahramanov, N. B. Arzumanova, I. V. Bayramova, and J. N. Gahramanly

5. Preparation of Copper-Containing Nanoparticles in

Polyethylene Matrix Without the Use of Solvents.......................................57
N. I. Kurbanova, A. M. Kuliyev, N. A. Alimirzoyeva, A. T. Aliyev,
N. Ya. Ishenko, and D. R. Nurullayeva

6. Electrodeposition and Properties of Copper Coatings Modified by

Carbon Nanomaterial Obtained from Secondary Raw Materials............67
T. Marsagishvili, G. Tatishvili, N. Ananiashvili, M. Gachechiladze, J. Metreveli,
E. Tskhakaia, M. Machavariani, and D. Gventsadze

7. Impregnation of Iron and Magnetite Phases in Wood and

Partial Pyrolized Wood..................................................................................73
K. Sarajishvili, N. Jalabadze, L. Nadaraia, G. Kvartskhava, T. Korkia,
N. Nonikashvili, V. Gabunia, and R. Chedia
viii Contents

8. Effect of the Material Manufacturer Factor on the Deformation

States of Bistable Composite Plates..............................................................89
M. Ghamami, H. Nahvi, and S. Saberi

9. One Stage Production of Superconductive MgB2 and Hybrid

Transmission Lines by the Hot Explosive Consolidation Technology..... 113
A. Peikrishvili, T. Gegechkori, B. Godibadze, G. Mamniashvili, and V. Peikrishvili

PART II: Polymer Synthesis and Application.......................................133

10. Novel Aliphatic Polyester-Based Macromonomers...................................135
E. Çatıker, M. Atakay, B. Salih, and O. Güven

11. Photochemical Conversion of Polycyclopropanes.....................................151

K. G. Guliyev, A. E. Rzayeva, A. M. Aliyeva, G. Z. Ponomareva, R. D. Dzhafarov,
and A. M. Guliyev

12. Photosensitive Copolymers on the Basis of Gem-Disubstituted

Vinyloxycyclopropanes................................................................................159
Rita Shahnazarli, Shabnam Garayeva, and Abasgulu Guliyev

13. Reaction Hydrosilylation of Allyl-2,3,5,6-Di-O-Isopropylidene-

D-Mannofuranose with Methyl- and Phenylcyclodisilazanes..................173
Neli Sidamonidze, Rusudan Vardiashvili, and Maia Nutsubidze

14. Peculiarities of Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate and

Styrene in Static Heterogeneous Monomer:
Water System in the Absence of Emulsifier...............................................181
A. A. Hovhannisyan, M. Khaddaj, I. A. Gritskova, G. K. Grigoryan,
N. G. Grigoryan, and A. G. Nadaryan
15. Sol-Gel Processing of Precursor for Synthesis of
Mercury-Based Superconductors...............................................................191
I. R. Metskhvarishvili, T. E. Lobzhanidze, G. N. Dgebuadze, M. R. Metskhvarishvili,
B. G. Bendeliani, V. M. Gabunia, and L. T. Gugulashvili

16. Intergel Systems: Universal Sorbents for Different Nature

Ions Sorption................................................................................................201
T. K. Jumadilov and R. G. Kondaurov

17. Some Chromatographic Peculiarities of Polymer-Mineral

Packing Materials with Octadecyl- and Butyl-Functional Groups.........215
S. S. Hayrapetyan, M. S. Hayrapetyan, G. P. Pirumyan, and H. G. Khachatryan

18. New Technical Access for Creation of Gradually Oriented Polymers....229

L. I. Nadareishvili, R. Sh. Bakuradze, M. G. Areshidze, I. I. Pavlenishvili,
and L. K. Sharashidze
Contents ix

PART III: Materials and Properties.......................................................241

19. Self-Organization and Sorption Properties in Relation to
Lanthanum Ions of Polyacrylic Acid and
Poly-2-Methyl-5-Vinylpyridine Hydrogels in Intergel System................243
T. K. Jumadilov and R. G. Kondaurov

20. The Determination of Average Stability Constant of

Zinc-Fulvate Complex by the Gel Filtration Method...............................263
T. Makharadze

21. Zeolites as Micro-Pore System and Their Usage Prospects.....................269

N. Kiknadze and N. Megrelidze

22. Water-Proofing Materials, Luminophore, and Other

Deficient Products........................................................................................281
G. Khitiri, I. Chikvaidze, and R. Kokilashvili

23. Hydrogen Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steels................................289

R. Silverstein and D. Eliezer

PART IV: Constitutional Systems for Medicine....................................321

24. The Influence of PEG on Morphology of Polyurethane
Tissue Scaffold..............................................................................................323
J. Kucinska-Lipka, H. Janik, A. Sulowska, A. Przybytek, and P. Szarlej

25. Fractal Dimensions Analysis and Morphological Investigation of

Nanomedicine by Machine-Learning Methods.........................................333
M. Ghamami and S. Ghammamy

26. Effect of Fullerene on Physicochemical Properties and

Biological Activity of the Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Fullerene
Composite Films...........................................................................................355
O. Alekseeva and A. Noskov

27. Development of In Vitro Prostate Cancer Biomarkers on the Basis of

Gelatin Matrix Incorporated Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized
with Fluorescence Dye and Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen..........381
K. Chubinidze, B. Partsvania, A. Khuskivadze, G. Petriashvili, and M. Chubinidze

28. Antibacterial Activity of Hyperbranched Poly

(Acrylic Acid-Co-3-Hydroxypropionate) Hydrogels.................................395
E. Çatıker, T. Filik, and E. Çil

29. The Isolation of Glycosaminoglycans from Fish Eyeballs and

Their Potential Application.........................................................................403
B. Kaczmarek and A. Sionkowska
x Contents

30. Biopolymer Films Based on the Blends of Silk Fibroin and

Collagen for Applications in Hair Care Cosmetics...................................413
S. Grabska and A. Sionkowska

Index......................................................................................................................427
Contributors

M. J. M. Abadie
Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier Aggregates, Interfaces, and Materials for Energy
(ICGM-AIME, UMR CNRS 5253), University of Montpellier, Place Bataillon,
34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, E-mail: [email protected]
O. Alekseeva
G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya str.,
1, Ivanovo, 153045, Russia

N. A. Alimirzoyeva
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, S. Vurgun str., 124,
Sumgait Az5004, Azerbaijan

A. T. Aliyev
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, S. Vurgun str., 124,
Sumgait Az5004, Azerbaijan

A. M. Aliyeva
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, S. Vurgun str.124,
Sumgayit AZ5004, Azerbaijan

N. Ananiashvili
R. Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Javakhishvili Tbilisi
State University, Mindeli str. #11, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia
J. N. Aneli
Institute of Machine Mechanics, 10 Mindeli Str. Tbilisi 0186, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi
State University, I. Chavchavadze Ave.3, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia

M. G. Areshidze
Georgian Technical University, Vl. Chavchanidze’ Institute of Cybernetics, 5 Z. Anjaparidze St.,
0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

N. B. Arzumanova
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan NAS, Azerbaijan

M. Atakay
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey

R. Sh. Bakuradze
Georgian Technical University, Vl. Chavchanidze’ Institute of Cybernetics, 5 Z. Anjaparidze St.,
0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

I. V. Bayramova
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan NAS, Azerbaijan

B.G. Bendeliani
Department of Cryogenic Technique and Technologies, Ilia Vekua Sukhumi Institute of Physics and
Technology 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
xii Contributors

E. Çatıker
Faculty of Art & Science, Department of Chemistry, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey,
E-mail: [email protected]

R. Chedia
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic
Chemistry, 31 Politkovskaya St., 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]
I. Chikvaidze
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi, Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]

K. Chubinidze
Tbilisi State University, 1 Ilia Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi 0179, Georgia/Georgian
Technical University, Institute of Cybernetics, S. Euli 5, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia

M. Chubinidze
Tbilisi State Medical University, 7 Mikheil Asatiani St, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia

E. Çil
Faculty of Education, Department of Math and Science, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey

G. N. Dgebuadze
Department of Cryogenic Technique and Technologies, Ilia Vekua Sukhumi Institute of
Physics and Technology 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia

R. D. Dzhafarov
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, S. Vurgun str.124,
Sumgayit AZ5004, Azerbaijan
D. Eliezer
Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

T. Filik
Faculty of Art & Science, Department of Chemistry, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey

V. Gabunia
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic
Chemistry, 31 Politkovskaya St., 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

V. M. Gabunia
Department of Cryogenic Technique and Technologies, Ilia Vekua Sukhumi Institute of Physics and
Technology 0186 Tbilisi, Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry of the Iv.
Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Jikia str 5, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

M. Gachechiladze
R. Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Javakhishvili Tbilisi State
University, Mindeli str. #11, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

J. N. Gahramanly
Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry

Shabnam Garayeva
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, S. Vurgun str.124,
Sumgayit AZ5004, Azerbaijan

T. Gegechkori
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics,
Tamarashvili str., 6, 0177, Tbilisi, Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]
Contributors xiii

M. Ghamami
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran,
E-mail: [email protected]

S. Ghammamy
Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
B. Godibadze
G. Tsulukidze Mining Institute, Mindeli str., 7, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]

S. Grabska
Department of Chemistry of Biomaterials and Cosmetics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus
University in Torun, Gagarin 7, 87–100 Torun, Poland, E-mail: [email protected]

G. K. Grigoryan
Scientific and Technological Center for Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the National
Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014, Yerevan, Azatutyan Ave., 26
N. G. Grigoryan
Scientific and Technological Center for Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the National
Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014, Yerevan, Azatutyan Ave., 26
I. A. Gritskova
Moscow Technological University of Fine Chemical Technologies, 117571 Moscow, Vernadsky Ave., 86

L. T. Gugulashvili
Department of Cryogenic Technique and Technologies, Ilia Vekua Sukhumi Institute of Physics and
Technology 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
A. Guliyev
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, S. Vurgun str.124,
Sumgayit AZ5004, Azerbaijan, E-mail: [email protected]
K. G. Guliyev
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, S. Vurgun str.124,
Sumgayit AZ5004, Azerbaijan

O. Güven
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey

D. Gventsadze
R. Dvali Institute of Mechanics of Machines, Mindeli str. #10, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

M. S. Hayrapetyan
Yerevan State University, 1 Alek Manoukian Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia

S. S. Hayrapetyan
Yerevan State University, 1 Alek Manoukian Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia

A. A. Hovhannisyan
Scientific and Technological Center for Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the National
Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014, Yerevan, Azatutyan Ave., 26, E-mail: [email protected]

N. Ya. Ishenko
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, S. Vurgun str., 124,
Sumgait Az5004, Azerbaijan

N. Jalabadze
Georgian Technical University, Republic Center for Structure Researches, 77 Kostava St., 0186,
Tbilisi, Georgia
xiv Contributors

H. Janik
Gdansk University of Technology, Chemical Faculty, Polymer Technological Department,
11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80–232 Gdansk, Poland, E-mail: [email protected]

M. Jastrzębska
Department of Industrial Commodity Science & Chemistry, Faculty of Entrepreneurship and
Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, 83 Morska Str., 81–225 Gdynia, Poland,
E-mail: [email protected]
T.K. Jumadilov
JSC Institute of Chemical Sciences After A.B. Bekturov, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan,
E-mail: [email protected]

B. Kaczmarek
Department of Chemistry of Biomaterials and Cosmetics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus
Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87–100 Torun, Poland, E-mail: [email protected]

N. T. Kahramanov
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan NAS, E-mail:[email protected]

H. G. Khachatryan
Yerevan State University, 1 Alek Manoukian Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia

M. Khaddaj
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 117209 Moscow, Mikloukho-Maklaya str., 6,
Moscow Technological University of Fine Chemical Technologies, 117571 Moscow, Vernadsky Ave., 86
G. Khitiri
P. Melikishvili Institute of Physical & Organic Chemistry, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State
University Tbilisi, Georgia
A. Khuskivadze
Tbilisi State Medical University, 7 Mikheil Asatiani St, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia

N. Kiknadze
Chemistry Department, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University (BSU), Ninoshvili/Rustaveli str.
35/32, 6010 Batumi, Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]
N. A. Koiava
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State
University, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, I. Chavchavadze Ave.13, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia

R. Kokilashvili
Georgian Technical University Tbilisi, Georgia

R. G. Kondaurov
JSC Institute of Chemical Sciences After A.B. Bekturov,” Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

T. Korkia
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic
Chemistry, 31 Politkovskaya St., 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

J. Kucinska-Lipka
Gdansk University of Technology, Chemical Faculty, Polymer Technological Department,
11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80–232 Gdansk, Poland, E-mail: [email protected]

A. M. Kuliyev
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, S. Vurgun str., 124,
Sumgait Az5004, Azerbaijan
Contributors xv

N. I. Kurbanova
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, S. Vurgun str.,
124, Sumgait Az5004, Azerbaijan

G. Kvartskhava
Georgian Technical University, Republic Center for Structure Researches, 77 Kostava St., 0186,
Tbilisi, Georgia
T. E. Lobzhanidze
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi
State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia

M. Machavariani
R. Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Javakhishvili Tbilisi
State University, Mindeli str. #11, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia
T. Makharadze
Rafiel Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, E. Mindeli Street, 11,
Tbilisi 0186, Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]
G. Mamniashvili
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Tamarashvili str.,
6, 0177, Tbilisi, Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]

E. Markarashvili
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, I. Chavchavadze Ave.3, Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Exact and
Natural Sciences, I. Chavchavadze Ave.13, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia

T. Marsagishvili
R. Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Javakhishvili Tbilisi
State University, Mindeli str. #11, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]

N. Megrelidze
BSU Agrarian and Membrane Technologies Institute, Grishsashvili str. 5, 601 Batumi, Georgia

J. Metreveli
R. Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Javakhishvili Tbilisi
State University, Mindeli str. #11, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

I. R. Metskhvarishvili
Department of Cryogenic Technique and Technologies, Ilia Vekua Sukhumi Institute of Physics and
Technology 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]

M. R. Metskhvarishvili
Department of Engineering Physics, Georgian Technical University, 0175 Tbilisi, Georgia

O. V. Mukbaniani
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, I. Chavchavadze Ave.3, Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Exact and
Natural Sciences, I. Chavchavadze Ave.13, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]

L. Nadaraia
Georgian Technical University, Republic Center for Structure Researches, 77 Kostava St., 0186,
Tbilisi, Georgia

L. I. Nadareishvili
Georgian Technical University, Vl. Chavchanidze’ Institute of Cybernetics, 5 Z. Anjaparidze St.,
0186, Tbilisi, Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]
xvi Contributors

A. G. Nadaryan
Scientific and Technological Center for Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the
National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014, Yerevan, Azatutyan Ave., 26, Armenia

H. Nahvi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
N. Nonikashvili
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic
Chemistry, 31 Politkovskaya St., 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia
A. Noskov
G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya str.,
1, Ivanovo, 153045, Russia, E-mail: [email protected]

D. R. Nurullayeva
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, S. Vurgun str., 124,
Sumgait Az5004, Azerbaijan

M. Nutsubidze
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Chemistry, Ilia Chavchavadze Ave.,
0128 Tbilisi, Georgia

B. Partsvania
Georgian Technical University, Institute of Cybernetics, S. Euli 5, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia

I. I. Pavlenishvili
Georgian Technical University, Vl. Chavchanidze’ Institute of Cybernetics, 5 Z. Anjaparidze St.,
0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

A. Peikrishvili
F. Tavadze Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, E. Mindeli str., 10, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia,
E-mail: [email protected]

V. Peikrishvili
F. Tavadze Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, E. Mindeli str., 10, 0186, Tbilisi,
Georgia, E-mail: [email protected]
G. Petriashvili
Georgian Technical University, Institute of Cybernetics, S. Euli 5, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia

G. P. Pirumyan
Yerevan State University, 1 Alek Manoukian Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia

G. Z. Ponomareva
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, S. Vurgun str.124,
Sumgayit AZ5004, Azerbaijan

A. Przybytek
Gdansk University of Technology, Chemical Faculty, Polymer Technological Department,
11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80–232 Gdansk, Poland

M. Rutkowska
Department of Industrial Commodity Science & Chemistry, Faculty of Entrepreneurship and
Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, 83 Morska Str., 81–225 Gdynia, Poland

A. E. Rzayeva
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, S. Vurgun str.124,
Sumgayit AZ5004, Azerbaijan
Contributors xvii

S. Saberi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

B. Salih
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey

K. Sarajishvili
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic
Chemistry, 31 Politkovskaya St., 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

R. Shahnazarli
Institute of Polymer Materials of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, S. Vurgun str.124,
Sumgayit AZ5004, Azerbaijan

L. G. Shamanauri
Institute of Machine Mechanics, 10 Mindeli Str. Tbilisi 0186 Georgia

L. K. Sharashidze
Georgian Technical University, Vl. Chavchanidze’ Institute of Cybernetics, 5 Z. Anjaparidze St.,
0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

N. Sidamonidze
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Chemistry, Ilia Chavchavadze Ave.,
0128 Tbilisi, Georgia

R. Silverstein
Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,
E-mail: [email protected]
A. Sionkowska
Department of Chemistry of Biomaterials and Cosmetics, Faculty of Chemistry,
Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87–100 Torun, Poland
A. Sulowska
Gdansk University of Technology, Chemical Faculty, Polymer Technological Department,
11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80–232 Gdansk, Poland

P. Szarlej
Gdansk University of Technology, Chemical Faculty, Polymer Technological Department,
11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80–232 Gdansk, Poland

G. Tatishvili
R. Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Javakhishvili Tbilisi
State University, Mindeli str. #11, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

T. Tatrishvili
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, I. Chavchavadze Ave.3, Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Exact and
Natural Sciences, I. Chavchavadze Ave.13, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia

E. Tskhakaia
R. Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Javakhishvili Tbilisi
State University, Mindeli str. #11, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia

R. Vardiashvili
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Chemistry, Ilia Chavchavadze Ave.,
0128 Tbilisi, Georgia
Abbreviations

ADA aminododecanoic acid

AFM atomic force microscope
AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
BA buthylacrylate
BDI 1,4-butanediisocyanate
BDO 1,4-butanediol
CLSM confocal laser scanning microscope
CNTs carbon nanotubes
COCH2 carbonyl
CS chondroitin sulfate
DBTDL dibutyl tin dilaurate
DCP dicumenyl peroxide
DHB 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
DMB 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue
DMF dimethylformamide
DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
DSC differential scanning calorimetry
DSS duplex stainless steels
DTBP ditertiary butyl peroxide
EDS energy dispersive spectrometry
EPR epoxy resins
ES ethyl silicate
FAs fulvic acids
FC field-cooled
FIBS focus ion beam scanning electron microscopes
FRPCs fiber reinforced polymer composites
GAGs glycosaminoglycans
GCO castor oil glycerides
GNPs gold nanoparticles
GRDF Georgian Research and Development Foundation
HA hyaluronic acid
HA hydroxyapatite
HAC hydrogen assisted cracking
HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
xx Abbreviations

HEC hot explosive compaction

HEL hugoniot elastic limit
HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
HMDI 4,4’-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate
HTP hydrogen transfer polymerization
IKIU Imam Khomeini International University
IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
IR infrared
LDS lean duplex stainless steel
LEO electron microscopy Ltd
MA maleic anhydride
MBCs minimum bactericidal concentrations
MHA Mueller Hinton agar
MHB Mueller Hinton Broth
MIC minimum inhibitory concentration
MS micro-spherical
NCN national science center
NF nanofiller
NFRPNCs nanofiller reinforced polymer nanocomposites
NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
OCD obsessive-compulsive disorders
ODMA octadecyl methacrylate
OM optical microscopy
PAA poly(acrylic acid)
PAcHP poly(acrylic acid-co-3-hydroxypropionate)
PBS phosphate-buffer saline
PCL poly(ε-caprolactone)
PEG poly(ethylene glycol)
PMCs polymer matrix composites
PMMA poly(methyl methacrylate)
PMNC polymer matrix nanocomposites
PP potassium persulfate
PSMA prostate-specific membrane antigen
PU polyurethanes
PVA polyvinyl alcohol
RP-HPLC reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
RT room temperature
SC/PL solvent casting/particulate leaching
SDSS super duplex stainless steel
SEM scanning electron microscope
Abbreviations xxi

SF silk fibroin
SG sol-gel method
SMSS supermartensitic stainless steels
SRNSF Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
SSR solid-state reaction method
TBI traumatic brain injury
TDA thermal desorption analysis
TDS thermal desorption spectrometry
TEM transmission electron microscopy
TFA trifluoroacetic acid
TGA thermogravimetric analysis
THF tetrahydrofuran
TPP triphenylphosphine
UP unsaturated polyester
UV ultraviolet
VA vinyl acetate
VER vinylester
VISAR velocity interferometer for any reflector
XRD x-ray diffraction
ZFC zero-field-cooled
Preface

Selected papers presented at the 5th International Caucasian Symposium

on Polymers and Advanced Materials (ICSP&AM 5) are collected in this
volume. This conference took place in Tbilisi, Georgia, on July 2–5, 2017
at the Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. This book assembles a
collection of interdisciplinary papers on the state of knowledge on various
topics under consideration through a combination of overviews and original
unpublished recent research.
The basic purpose of this book is to review the present status of several
domains of polymer science, such as advanced polymers, composites, and
nanocomposites. The book is organized along four parts: Part I: Composites
and Nanomaterials; Part II: Polymer Synthesis and Application; Part III:
Materials and Properties; and Part IV: Constitutional Systems for Medicine
Part I reviews research on several nanoparticles to reinforce polymer
matrices, thermoplastics, and thermosets as well. Diverse composite-based
epoxy, polyester, ethylene/propylene, polyethylene, PMMA, even natural
polymer are presented for the different types of applications. Interface/inter-
phase is not ignored to reinforce composites and nanocomposites. Special
attention is brought to medical applications, such as tissue engineering,
prostate cancer biomarker, or dealing with nanomedicine.
Part II treats some new syntheses by classical techniques and photochem-
istry for different applications such as health care cosmetics, water-proofing
materials, sorbents for different nature ions sorption, and antibacterial activity.
Part III is related to hydrogels, intergel systems, sol-gel, and zeolites.
And Part IV is related to the constitutional systems for medicine.
This book presents interdisciplinary papers on the state of knowledge
of each topic under consideration through a combination of overviews and
original unpublished research.
This book is addressed to all those working in the field of polymers and
composites, i.e., academics, institutes, research centers, as well as engineers
working in the industry.
—Omari V. Mukbaniani, DSc
Tamara N. Tatrishvili, PhD
Marc J. M. Abadie, DSc
 PART I
Composites and Nanomaterials
CHAPTER 1

Chemistry of the Interfaces/Interphases

in Composites and Nanocomposites
MARC J. M. ABADIE
Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier Aggregates, Interfaces, and
Materials for Energy (ICGM-AIME, UMR CNRS 5253),
University of Montpellier, Place Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5,
France, E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) are still an emerging class

of engineering materials as well as nanofiller (NF) reinforced polymer
nanocomposites (NFRPNCs). In polymer composites or nanocomposites,
the interface/interphase is a key issue of which depends on the performance
of the materials, but not for the same reason.
For the composites, the interface/interphase is a key issue since it
guarantees the necessary stress transfer from the matrix (weak part) to the
reinforcement (strong part). In the nanocomposites, the main issue is the
homogeneous dispersion of the NF into the matrix due to its nano size and
low wt.% used (1–5 wt.%); therefore, a good control of the interface/inter-
phase will strongly help in the homogeneity and guarantee performance of
these materials.
After defining interface/interphase in such materials, we will describe
the recent progress in chemical treatments of inorganic fillers (glass, clay,
POSS) as well as organic fillers (aramid, GFs, CFs & NFs: CNFs, CNTs,
graphite, GOs).
SEM for composites, TEM, and XRD analysis for nanocomposites will
be discussed in order to control the performance properties of both compos-
ites and nanocomposites.
4 Science and Technology of Polymers and Advanced Materials

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Chemistry has been the driven force for the development of high-performance
polymer composites and new materials [1, 2]. Polymeric materials have
been developed to fulfill the requirements imposed by constraints of high
tech products such as lightweight, toughness, high-temperature resistance,
oxidative thermal stability, low shrinkage, high modulus, etc. [3, 4].
If polymers were developed since the beginning of last century, compos-
ites appeared to emerge in the 60s mainly for the aerospace conquest first
and then applied to all sectors of advanced technologies. Since the discovery
made by the engineers of the carmaker Toyota loading polyamide with nano-
fillers (NFs) as clay, the drastic improvement observed in the mechanical and
barrier properties. This new field is considered as emergent and so-called
nanocomposites [5].

1.2 COUPLING AGENT [6–8]

Glass fibers are the only fibers that can commonly be modified on the surface
by chemical treatment, so-called coupling agent. This surface treatment is
done online during the process of fabrication of the fibers. Generally, it is a
water emulsion of a coupling agent that is spread on the surface of the fibers.
The role of the coupling agent is to link the reinforcing agent and matrix
by covalent bonds that give higher mechanical properties to the composite
(Figure 1.1).

FIGURE 1.1 Interface/Interphase in a composite.

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