Unix:UNIX is a popular multi-user, multitasking
operating system (OS) developed at Bell Labs in
the early 1970s.
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SHELL
Shell is a UNIX term for the interactive user
interface with an operating system. The shell
is the layer of programming that understands
and executes the commands a user enters. In
some systems, the shell is called a command
interpreter. A shell usually implies an
interface with a command syntax (think of the
DOS operating system and its "C:>" prompts and
user commands such as "dir" and "edit").
Shell Types
In Unix, there are two major types of shells −
Bourne shell − If you are using a Bourne-
type shell, the $ character is the default
prompt.
C shell − If you are using a C-type shell,
the % character is the default prompt.
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SHELL SCRIPT
Usually shells are interactive that mean, they
accept command as input from users and execute
them. However some time we want to execute a
bunch of commands routinely, so we have type in
all commands each time in terminal.
As shell can also take commands as input from
file we can write these commands in a file and
can execute them in shell to avoid this
repetitive work. These files are called Shell
Scripts or Shell Programs. Shell scripts are
similar to the batch file in MS-DOS. Each shell
script is saved with .sh file extension eg.
myscript.sh
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1) Function Call
#!/bin/bash
sum ()
{
x=$1
y=$2
k=0
k=$(( $x + $y ))
return $k
}
sum 7 5
echo "Sum of two no is:$?"
exit 0
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2) Command line argument
#!/bin/bash
x=$1
y=$2
k=$(( $x + $y ))
echo "sum is:$k"
exit 0
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3) If-else(Conditional statement)
#!/bin/bash
big_num()
{
x=$1
y=$2
z=$3
if [ $x -gt $y ] ; then
if [ $x -gt $z ] ; then
echo "Biggest no is:$x"
else
echo "Biggest no is:$z"
fi
else
if [ $y -gt $z ] ; then
echo "Biggest no is:$y"
else
echo "Biggest no is:$z"
fi
fi
}
big_num 2 3 4
exit 0
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4) while loop
#!/bin/bash
x=5
while [ $x -ge 1 ] ; do
echo $x
x=$(( $x - 1 ))
done
exit 0
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5) For loop
#!/bin/bash
printf "enter the no which table u want "
read x
y=1
k=0
echo "Multiplication table of $x is as
below"
for ((y=1;y<=10;y++)) do
k=$(( $x * $y ))
echo "$x X $y=$k"
done
exit 0
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6) Switch statement
#!/bin/bash
x=$1
case $x in
1)
echo "this is level 1"
;;
2)
echo "this is level 2"
;;
3)
echo "this is level 3"
;;
*)
echo "this is my default level"
;;
esac
exit 0
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7) Mathematical computation
#!/bin/bash
a=5.66
b=8.67
c=`echo $a + $b|bc`
echo $c
exit 0
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8) List the content of current directory
#!/bin/bash
for x in `ls` ; do
echo $x
done
exit 0
