Reading for the Real World 4th Edition_ 1 _ Word List

Part of
Korean
Unit Word Speec English Definitions
Definitions
h
likewise adv. in addition; also 또한, 마찬가지로
ridiculous adj. very silly or unreasonable 웃기는, 말도 안되는
involving or having information that disagrees with other
contradictory adj. 모순되는, 모순된
information

rationality n. the quality of being based on facts or reason; the ability to reason 합리성, 이성

puzzling adj. hard to understand; confusing 혼란스럽게 하는

myth n. an idea that is believed by many people but that is not true 신화, 근거 없는 믿음

superstition n. a belief based on faith in magic or luck 미신

an activity in which many people are asked a question or questions
1-1 survey n. 조사
in order to gather information; a poll
conduct v. to plan and do 하다
respondent n. a person who gives a response, especially as part of a survey 응답자
clover n. a small plant that usually has three leaves on each stem 클로버
groom n. a man who is about to be married or who has just married 신랑
confess v. to admit 고백하다, 인정하다
a plant with yellowish flowers and white berries that is traditionally
mistletoe n. 겨우살이
used as a Christmas decoration
comprise v. to make up 구성하다

indicate v. to show; to suggest 나타내다

habitat n. the place or type of place where a plant or animal lives 서식지
an area of activity that is related to but not part of what is central or
fringe n. 주변부, 비주류
most widely accepted
similarity n. a way in which a person or thing is like another 유사점, 유사성
emit v. to send out; to give off 내다, 내뿜다
specimen n. an individual animal or plant collected as an example 견본, 표본
periodic adj. happening repeatedly from time to time 주기적인
muscular adj. having large, powerful muscles 근육의, 근육질의

upright adv. on two feet instead of four 직립으로

1-2
a scientist who studies the biology of human beings and related
physical anthropologist n. 자연인류학자
species
1-2

existence n. the state of being real 존재

extinct adj. no longer existing 멸종된

told about in stories that are believed by many but are not proven to
legendary adj. 전설적인, 전설의
be true
remains n. the dead body of a person or animal 유해

skeptic n. a person who doubts or questions something 회의론자

elusive adj. hard to find or capture 찾기 힘든

span v. to cover or include 걸치다, 포괄하다
transmission n. something sent, especially electronically; a message 전송, 전달
elementary adj. basic 기초적인
a system that controls the way information is shown to a
interface n. 인터페이스, 접속기
computer user and allows the user to work with the computer
encode v. to change into a set of symbols that can be read by a computer 부호화하다
exponential adj. very fast; increasingly rapid 기하급수적인
military adj. of or relating to soldiers or the armed forces 군사의
privacy n. the state of being protected from public attention 사생활
to go to different places on the Internet in order to find what you
2-1 navigate v. (인터넷, 웹사이트를) 돌아다니다
want

accelerate v. to increase in speed 가속하다

annual adj. yearly 매년의

thin threads of glass or plastic that carry very large amounts of
fiber optic cables n. 광섬유 케이블
information in the form of light signals
consortium n. a group of people, companies, etc. that agree to work together 컨소시엄, 협력단
capacity n. the ability to hold or carry (something) 수용력, 용량
convey v. to take or carry from one place to another 전달하다, 운반하다
a machine or piece of equipment that has been made for a
device n. 기기, 장치
particular purpose
an often unfair and untrue belief that many people have about all
stereotype n. 선입견
people or things with a particular characteristic
productive adj. working hard and getting good results 생산적인
portray v. to show or describe someone or something 묘사하다, 나타내다

niche adj. interesting to, aimed at, or affecting only a small number of people 소수의, 비주류의

incidence n. how often something happens, especially something bad 발생정도

statistic n. a number that represents a piece of information 통계, 통계자료

emerge v. to become known or apparent 드러나다 , 알려지다

2-2
 approximately adv. almost correct or exact 대략적으로, 거의
2-2
lacking adj. not having any or enough of something that is needed or wanted 빠져있는, 결핍된

constructive adj. helping to develop or improve something 건설적인

significant adj. large enough to be noticed or have an effect 눈에 띄는, 중대한

contribute v. to help to cause something to happen 기여하다

violence n. the use of physical force to harm someone, to damage property, etc. 폭행, 폭력

shooting n. an occurrence in which a person is shot with a gun 총격

aggression n. angry or threatening behavior 공격, 공격성
contemporary adj. happening or beginning now or in recent times 동시대의, 현대의
diagnose v. to recognize a disease or other health condition in someone 진단하다
gauge v. to measure or judge 판단하다, 알아내다
thickness n. a measurement of how thick something is 두께
crude adj. simple and basic in a way that is true but not complete 대충의, 대강의
calculator n. a small electronic device used for adding, subtracting, etc. 계산기

plug into idiom to put information (such as a word or a number) into something 대입하다, 넣다

precise adj. very accurate and exact 정확한

3-1 estimate v. to guess 추정하다
composition n. the combination of parts or elements that make up something 구성, 구성요소
method n. a way of doing something 방법
to press together the parts and especially the opposite sides of
squeeze v. 짜다, 짜내다
something
formula n. in math, a general fact or rule expressed in letters and numbers 공식
the amount of matter in something that is shown by the relationship
density n. 밀도
between its weight and its size
aspect n. a part 측면

tumor n. a mass of tissue in or on the body that is made of abnormal cells 종양

chemistry n. the way substances change and react with other substances 화학, 화학반응

a chemical with a sour taste that forms a salt when mixed with
acid n. 산, 산성
a base
physiological adj. of or relating to how a living thing or its parts function 생리적인, 생리학의
productivity n. the rate at which work is completed 생산성
stimulus (pl. stimuli) n. something that causes a change or a reaction 자극제, 자극
severe adj. strong; very bad 극심한, 심각한

3-2 Hippocrates n. a Greek doctor who started the study of medicine 히포크라테스
3-2
bark n. the outer covering of a tree 나무 껍질
willow tree n. a tree with long, narrow leaves and strong, thin branches 버드나무
aspirin n. a medicine that reduces pain and fever 아스피린
classify v. to arrange into groups based on similarities 분류하다

tension n. stress 긴장, 긴장상태

characteristically adv. usually; typically 보통, 일반적으로

trigger v. to cause to begin 촉발시키다
to empty the contents of one’s stomach through the mouth; to
vomit v.
throw up
토하다

adolescent n. a teenager; a young person who is neither a child nor an adult 청소년

undergraduate n. a student who is studying for his or her first degree at university 학부생, 대학생

statistically adv. according to data, figures, and numbers 통계상으로

bilingual adj. able to speak two languages fluently 두 개 언어를 할 줄 아는
curriculum n. a course of study in school or university 교육과정
aspect n. a single part of a problem, subject, or situation, etc. 측면, 양상, 면

flexible adj. able to change easily according to the situation or task 융통성 있는, 유연한

4-1 guarantee v. to make something certain 보장하다

the feeling of sadness because you are away from your family and
homesickness n. 향수병
home

worthwhile adj. not necessarily easy, but useful and/or enjoyable 가치 있는, ~할 가치가 있는

exclusive adj. limited to only one person or group of people 독점적인, 특권층의
independent adj. not controlled by other people or organizations 독립적인
debt n. money that is owed to a person or a bank 빚, 부채

adapt v. to change the way you act or think in order to suit a new situation 맞추다, 적응하다

domestic adj. in or from one country; not international 국내의

to say that something is always true when it is only true in some
generalize v. 일반화하다, 보편화하다
cases or some of the time
closure n. the act of an organization or building closing or not operating 폐쇄, 종료
occupation n. a long-term job; a type of employment 직업
behavioral adj. relating to the way people act or what they do 행동의, 행동에 관한
innate adj. built into someone or something; there from the start 선천적인, 타고난

continuity n. the state of something staying as it is without changing or stopping 지속성, 연속성

4-2
 substitute n. a thing or person which is used instead of another; a replacement 대체물, 대체자

4-2 maintain v. to continue to have; to keep; to prevent from reducing 유지하다

feasible adj. able to be done or made 실현 가능한
virus n. a disease that spreads between people or animals 바이러스, 바이러스성 질환
crucial adj. extremely important or necessary 중대한, 결정적인
define v. to say what something is or what its limits are 정의하다, 규정하다
professional n. someone who does a skilled job 전문가
the process of eating the right kind of food so you can grow properly
nutrition n. 영양(처리 과정)
and be healthy

intellectual adj. relating to thinking and understanding 지능의, 지적인

cycle n. a group of events that follow each other and often repeat 순환
cattle n. male and female cows kept on a farm for milk and meat 소
artificial adj. not natural; made by people 인공적인
the number of different plants and animals that exist in a particular
biodiversity n. 생물의 다양성
area

herbicide n. a chemical that is used to destroy unwanted plants 제초제

epidemiology n. the study of diseases and how they are spread 역학, 전염병학

unify v. to cause people or things to be joined or brought together 통합하다

to gradually move or go into an area that is beyond the usual or
encroach v. 침해하다
desired limits
any animal which feeds milk from its body to its young; humans,
mammal n 포유류
dogs, cows, and monkeys are examples of mammals
5-1
flora and fauna n plants and animals 동식물

consequence n the result of an action or situation, especially a bad result 결과

short form of carbon dioxide, a gas usually produced by burning coal
carbon n 탄소
or oil
untouched adj. not changed; still in the original state or condition 본래 그대로의
to show or prove that a person or thing is related to or involved with
link v. 관련 짓다
something
rarity n. something rare; unusual, or limited in number 희귀성
arise v. to happen or occur 생기다, 발생하다
financially adv. in a way that relates to money or money management 재정적으로
manufacturing n. the business of producing goods in large quantities 제조업
a large, formal meeting where people gather to talk about a specific
conference n. 회의, 회담
subject, often for a few days
industrialized adj. having developed a lot of industry 산업화 된
 broadly adv. in a general way; not including everything or everyone 대략, 대략적으로
progressive adj. thinking or behaving in a new or modern way 진보적인
directive n. an official instruction or policy 지시, 명령
affirm v. to say that something is true 단언하다
drought n. a long period when there is no rain 가뭄
state n. a country or its government 국가, 정부
withdraw v. to stop participating in something 철수하다, 철회하다
5-2 a fuel—such as coal or oil—which comes from the ground and is
fossil fuel n. 화석 연료
burned to create energy
superpower n. a country which has great economic and military power 초강대국
restored or replaced by natural processes; able to be replaced by
renewable adj. 재생 가능한
nature
sector n. one part of a country’s economy 부문, 분야
self-sufficient adj. having everything you need; not needing help from others 자급자족할 수 있는

reliance n. the state of needing someone or something for help, support, etc. 의존, 의지

dispute n. a disagreement or argument 분쟁, 논란

how geography and economics have an influence on politics and on
geopolitics n. 지정학
relations between nations
injection n. the act of forcing a liquid drug into someone using a needle 주사
relating to matters of fact in a practical way as opposed to
pragmatic adj. 실용적인
depending on ideas or theories
politically adv. with regard to politics or government 정치적으로
execution n. the act of killing someone, especially as punishment for a crime 처형, 사형
the process of teaching a criminal in prison to live a normal and
rehabilitation n. 갱생, 사회 복귀
productive life
of, relating to, or based on beliefs or ideas about truth,
philosophical adj. 철학적인
knowledge, right and wrong, etc.
first-degree adj. of the most serious type; deserving the harshest punishment 제 1급의(살인죄)
betray v. to give information about (a person, country, etc.) to an enemy 배신하다, 넘겨주다

routinely adv. often; commonly 일상적으로

6-1

counterfeiter n. someone who illegally produces fake money in order to trick people 위조자

deterrent n. something that makes someone decide not to do something 제지하는 것

viable adj. capable of being done or used; workable 실행 가능한
believing in the value of traditional practices in political and society;
conservative adj. 보수적인
a person with conservative beliefs
verify v. to confirm that something is true or correct 확인하다, 입증하다
 the place where prisoners who have been sentenced to death are
death row n. 사형수 수감 건물
kept
abolish v. to ban 폐지하다
to make a formal request for a higher court to review and change a
appeal v. 항소하다
decision
whereby adv. by which; according to which ~하는
monetary adj. of or relating to money 통화의, 화폐의
gravity n. seriousness 중대성

locally adv. relating to or occurring in a particular area, city, or town 지역적으로

(informal) to leave (a place) in a sudden and unexpected way,

skip v. 도망치다, 빠져 나가다
especially to avoid punishment
nominal adj. very small in amount 아주 얼마 안되는
flee v. to run away; to escape 도망가다, 달아나다
6-2
fugitive n. a person who is running away to avoid being caught 도망자, 탈주자
capture v. to take and hold as a prisoner, especially by force 포획하다
to use the power of the law to take and keep someone, such as a
arrest v. 체포하다
criminal

charge v. to formally accuse of a crime 기소하다, 고소하다

temporarily adv. for a limited amount of time 일시적으로

fee n. an amount of money that must be paid 요금
operate v. to function or behave in a proper or particular way 작동하다
a document describing the system of beliefs and laws by which a
constitution n. 헌법
country is governed
character n. the mental and moral traits that make a person an individual 성격, 특징
someone who is legally owned by another person and is forced to
slave n. 노예
work without pay
republic n. a country that is governed by elected representatives 공화국
physical adj. relating to the body rather than the mind 육체의, 신체의

discrimination n. unfairly treating a person or group of people differently from others 차별

an outdated term meaning “African American,” now usually

Negro n. 흑인
considered offensive
the practice of legally keeping people of different races, religions,
7-1 segregation n. 분리(정책)
etc. separate from each other
blow off steam idiom to get rid of extra energy or strong emotion by some activity 진정하다, 열을 식히다
rude awakening n. an unpleasant surprise 불쾌한 깨달음
a part of a city where members of a certain group or race, live
ghetto n. 빈민가
usually in poor conditions
 creed n. an idea or set of beliefs that guides the actions of a person or group 신념, 교리, 믿음

one of the people from England who created the first permanent
Pilgrim n. 순례자
settlement in New England in 1620
peak n. the top of a mountain 정상, 꼭대기
a religious folk song originally sung by African Americans in the
spiritual n. 흑인 영가
southern US
slavery n. the state of being a slave 노예제, 노예
grasp v. to take and hold something with your hand or hands 움켜잡다
any one of the tubes that carry blood from parts of the body
vein n. 정맥
back to the heart
plantation n. a large area of land where crops are grown 농장, 조림지

conscious adj. aware 의식하는, 자각하는

the act of making a particular sound with one’s voice; something

utterance n. 입 밖에 냄, 발언
said
mahogany n. a strong reddish-brown wood often used for furniture 마호가니
motionless adj. without moving 움직이지 않는
7-2 totter v. to walk unsteadily 비틀거리다
despairing adj. feeling very sad and without hope 절망한, 자포자기한
agonized adj. showing great pain 고뇌에 찬
a feeling of nervousness or excitement caused by wondering what
suspense n. 서스펜스, 긴장감
will happen

tender adj. delicate; easily damaged 연한, 약한

shred n. a long, thin piece torn off of something (가늘고 긴) 조각

bonfire n. a large outdoor fire 모닥불
remnant n. a part of something left when the other parts are gone 남은 부분, 자투리
cursed adj. affected by something bad 저주 받은
brand n. a mark of disgrace 낙인
fraction n. a part of a larger whole 부분, 일부

terminology n. the special words or phrases used in a particular field 용어

dilemma n. a situation in which a difficult choice is required 딜레마

semantic adj. of or relating to the meanings of words and phrases 의미의, 의미론적인
solar adj. of or relating to the Sun 태양의
denote v. to mean 의미하다
astronomer n. a scientist who studies stars, planets, and other objects in space 천문학자
a device shaped like a long tube that you look through in order to
telescope n. 망원경
see things that are far away
8-1
8-1
status n. position or rank in relation to others 지위, 자격
a formal statement that expresses the feelings, wishes, or decisions
resolution n. 결의안
of a group
orbit v. to travel around 궤도를 돌다
incorporate v. to include as part of something else 포함하다
affection n. a feeling of liking and caring 애착, 애정
underworld n. in ancient myths, the place where people’s souls go after death 지하세계, 저승
oddball n. a person who behaves in strange or unusual ways 괴짜
mission n. a flight by an aircraft or spacecraft to perform a specific task 임무, 우주 비행
botch v. to do something badly; to ruin 망치다
velocity n. speed 속도
of or relating to the energy that is produced when atoms are split
atomic adj. 원자의, 원자력의
apart
coordinates n. a set of numbers used to locate a point on a map, graph, etc. 좌표
ton n. a unit of weight that equals 2,000 pounds 톤
mineral n. a substance that is naturally formed under the ground 광물, 미네랄
sometime adv. at an unspecified time in the future 언젠가
the act of damaging something so badly that it no longer exists or
destruction n. 파괴, 파멸
cannot be repaired
an object in outer space made of ice and dust that develops a long
comet n. 혜성
bright tail when it passes near the Sun
8-2
a body moving in the solar system that is smaller than an asteroid
meteoroid n. 유성체, 운성체
and would become a meteor if it entered Earth’s atmosphere

the distance through the center of something from one side to the
diameter n. 지름
other
a large round hole in the ground made by something falling from the
crater n. 분화구
sky
TNT n. a very powerful explosive 티엔티(강력 폭약)
vibration n. a continuous, slight shaking movement 떨림, 진동
blast n. a powerful explosion 폭발
flatten v. to knock down; to make flat 납작하게 만들다
vaporize v. to cause (something) to change into a vapor 증발하다, 증발시키다
explicit adj. clear and complete; leaving no doubt about the meaning 분명한, 명확한
cheat v. to break a rule, usually to gain an advantage at something 부정 행위를 하다
inevitably adv. certainly; unavoidably 불가피하게
to become involved in something in order to have an influence on
intervene v. 개입하다, 끼어들다
what happens
an amount of money given by a school, organization, etc. to help a
scholarship n. 장학금
student pay for his or her education
 intensity n. the quality of being intense; extreme strength or force 강도
a state in which someone thinks about someone of something
obsession n. 집착, 강박
constantly
penalize v. to punish for breaking a rule or law 처벌하다
9-1 a person who makes sure that players follow the rules of a game or
referee n. 심판
sport
to cause something (such as a punishment) to affect someone by
impose v. 부과하다
using your authority
based on what is considered to the usual or correct way of doing
normative adj. 규범적인
something
an error or gap in the way a law or rule is written that makes it
loophole n. (허술한) 구멍
possible for some people to avoid obeying it
technique n. a way of doing something by using special knowledge or skill 기술
sluggish adj. moving slowly or lazily 느릿느릿 움직이는
aggressive adj. ready and willing to fight or be forceful 공격적인
the literal meaning of the words of a law or rule, in contrast to its
the letter of the law idiom 법률 조문
intended effect
consciousness n. a person’s mind and thoughts 의식, 생각
elevated adj. at a high intellectual or moral level 고양된, 높은
civilization n. a particular well-organized and developed society 문명
sword n. a weapon with a long metal blade 칼, 검
induce v. to cause to happen 유발하다, 초래하다
the science that deals with matter and energy and how they
physics n. 물리학
interact
therapy n. the treatment of a physical or mental illness 치료, 요법
9-2 meditation n. the act or process of spending time in quiet thought 명상
any of several forms of fighting and self-defense that are practiced
martial art n. 무술
as sports

a member of a religious community of men who usually promise to

monk n. 수도승
remain poor, unmarried, and separate from the rest of society

defy v. to go against 반항하다

endure v. to experience and deal with (something unpleasant) 견디다
undertake v. to begin or attempt 착수하다, 시작하다
degrading adj. making people feel ashamed or that they have no value 비하하는, 모멸적인
discourse n. communication in speech or writing 담론, 담화
conservation n. the protection of plants, animals, or natural areas 보호, 보존
magnitude n. the size or importance of something 규모
circulate v. to send information or ideas from one person to others ~을 알리다
shallow adj. lacking in emotional or intellectual depth 얄팍한, 피상적인

10-1
 spokesperson n. a person who is chosen to speak for a group or organization 대변인
informative adj. providing a lot of useful information 유익한
in a way that is based on someone’s race, especially when this is
10-1 racially adv. 인종(민족)적으로
unfair or harmful
positivity n. the quality of having a positive attitude 긍정성
superficiality n. the fact of being shallow; not thinking about serious issues 피상
creator n. a person who makes something new 창작자
to give someone the freedom, strength, or authority to do
empower v. 권한을 주다
something
gender n. the physical or social condition of being male or female 성, 성별
counter v. to state an opposing or different view 반박하다, 대응하다
money or goods that are given for free to help a person or group of
donation n. 기부, 기증
people

ideology n. the set of ideas and beliefs of a group or political party 이념, 관념

container n. an object such as a box or can that can hold something 용기, 그릇
hepatitis n. a serious disease of the liver 간염
an act or series of acts done in a particular situation and in the same
ritual n. 의례, 의식
way each time
necessity n. the quality or state of being in need 필요성
selective adj. careful to choose only the best 조심해서 고르는, 까다로운
fulfill v. to succeed in achieving; to make true or real 다하다, 이행하다
inspire v. to give someone an idea about what to do or create 영감을 주다
10-2 hatred n. a very strong feeling of dislike; hate 증오, 혐오
ethically adv. in a way that is right and good 윤리적으로

cause n. a belief, idea, or goal that a group of people support or fight for 대의 명분

charity n. the organizations that help people in need 자선 단체

orphan n. a child whose parents are dead 고아
Dame of the British an honorary title granted by the British monarch to a woman for
n. 대영 제국 (여성)기사 작위
Empire service and accomplishments
a medical treatment in which someone’s blood is put into the body
blood transfusion n. 수혈
of another person
hemorrhage n. uncontrolled bleeding 출혈
a group of people that includes many families who have the same
tribe n. 부족
language, customs, and beliefs
thesis n. an idea to be proved; a theory 논지
improving the ability of a plant or animal to survive in a particular
adaptive adj. 적응의
place or situation
conceive v. to become pregnant 임신하다

11-1
 a natural substance produced in the body that influences how the
hormone n. 호르몬
body grows or develops
enormously adv. greatly in size, extent, or amount 엄청나게, 대단히
the scientific study of how genes control the characteristics of living
genetics n. 유전학
11-1 things
a glass container with an upper part and a lower part connected by
hourglass n. 모래시계
a narrow opening
the middle part of the body between the hips and chest or upper
waist n. 허리
back
conclusion n. an opinion or decision that is formed after thought or research 판단, 결론
mass adj. involving, affecting, or designed for many people 대중의
remote adj. far away from other people, cities, etc. 외딴, 먼
isolated adj. separate from others; remote 고립된
the fact or condition of being affected by something or experiencing
exposure n. 노출
something
doing things that are dishonest or illegal in order to make money or
corruption n. 부패, 타락
gain power
a statement of the difference or differences between two or
differentiation n. 차별, 구별
more things
subjective adj. based on feelings or opinions rather than facts 주관적인

sensitivity n. an awareness and understanding of the feelings of other people 세심함

treaty n. an official agreement between two or more countries 조약

according to a way of thinking or behaving that has been used
traditionally adv. 전통적으로
by a particular group, family, society, etc. for a long time
the act or crime of accepting a bribe, an illegal payment that is
bribery n. 뇌물 수수
made in order to get someone to do something
11-2
a politician who is responsible for a government department or has
minister n. 장관
an important position in it
variety n. a number of different things or people 다양성
ensure v. to make sure 보장하다

distributor n. a person or company that supplies stores or businesses with goods 배급 업자

the act of annoying or bothering someone in a constant or repeated

harassment n. 괴롭힘
way
probe n. a careful examination or investigation 조사하다
integrity n. the quality of being honest and fair 진실성
transaction n. a business deal; an exchange of goods, services, or money 거래, 매매, 처리
an economic system in which land, factories, etc. are owned by
capitalism n. 자본주의
individuals and companies rather than by the government

bargain v. something bought for a good price; an advantageous purchase (정가 보다) 싸게 사는 물건
 used to describe something (such as an agreement) that will
conditional adj. 조건부의
happen only if something else happens
entrant n. a person who enters a competition 출전자

morality n. the degree to which something is right and good 도덕, 도덕성

an arrangement in which a person or organization agrees to give

12-1 sponsorship n. 후원
money to someone for participating in a charity event
exotic adj. very different, strange, or unusual 외국의, 이국적인
the act of giving money, food, or other help to people who are poor,
charity n. 자선
sick, etc.; an organization that does charity work
trek v. to travel by walking for pleasure and adventure 트레킹(오지 여행) 을 하다
deposit n. money given as a promise or a down payment for something 보증금
elderly n. older people 어르신들, 연장자들
admission n. the cost of entering a theater, event, etc. 입장료
lounge v. to sit or lie in a relaxed way 느긋하게 앉아(누워) 있다
qualitative n. of or relating to how good something is 질적인
obscure adj. not known to most people 잘 알려져 있지 않은
multinational adj. working in several countries 다국적의
methodology n. a particular procedure or set of procedures 방법론
overview n. a general explanation or description; a summary 개관, 개요
gross adj. total before anything (such as taxes or expenses) is taken away 총, 모두
publication n. a book, magazine, etc. that has been published 출판물
ranked adj. numbered in order according to one or more criteria 순위가 매겨진
eager adj. very excited and interested 열렬한, 간절히 바라는
12-2 innovative adj. introducing or using new ideas or methods 획기적인
something that is used as a reason for making a judgment or
criterion (pl. criteria) n. 기준
decision
revenue n. money that is made by or paid to a business or organization 수익, 수입
market share n. the percentage of a market controlled by a certain company 시장 점유율
analyst n. a person who studies or analyzes something 분석가
a document, such as a stock certificate or bond, showing that
security n. 증권
someone owns or has invested in a company, organization, etc.
a person who starts a business and is willing to risk loss in order to
entrepreneur n. 사업가
make money
shoot for v. to have as a goal ~을 목표로 하다
dition_ 1 _ Word List

Examples

We will use that method likewise to record our accounts.

of
Everyone can seem foolish and ridiculous at some time, no matter how serious they are.
popular
Weopen
are faced with two apparently contradictory statements.

Wesource
live in an era of rationality.

This
areis a very puzzling question.
the
Many historians who study ancient cultures must decide if a story is history or just a myth.
Apache
According to superstition, breaking a mirror brings bad luck.
Web
We took a survey to see how kids reacted to the new.
server
The scientist will conduct research on the matter of gravity.
mail
server
60% of the respondents agreed with the suggestion.
and March, we go outside and look for four-leaf clovers.
Every
Linux
The groom looked happy as he walked with his new wife.
operating
The boy confessed that he had taken the last cookie from the jar.
According to tradition, if you stand with someone under a piece of mistletoe, you are
supposed
system to kiss that person.
A mosaic is a picture that is comprised of many small pieces.

This topographical map of Switzerland indicates the highest mountain peaks in dark red.

They live in many different types of habitats.

Nina remained on the fringe of the crowd.

One similarity is that Tigers and Lions are the biggest cats in the world.
The kettle emitted steam and a whistling sound when the water was boiled.
In order to determine the cause of the child's illness, the doctor took a blood specimen.
Joseph makes periodic visits into town when he needs supplies.
He exercised regularly so that his body could become muscular.
There is fossil evidence that suggests our ancestors have been walking upright for at least six
million years.

Do you believe in the existence of aliens?

He turned to the Internet and found Philip Walker, then president of the American Association
of Physical Anthropologists.
Dinosaurs are no longer in existence; they are extinct.

The legendary sword 'Excalibur', was pulled out by King Arthur.

After he passed away, his remains were buried in a cemetery near his home town.
I have to admit that I am a skeptic when it comes to fortune tellers and people who claim
they can speak to the dead.
The elusive fish only came out at night.
His acting career spanned over two decades.
We sent vital transmissions over the radio so people would know of what happened.
I look like an elementary school student.
The new computer program acts as an interface between Windows and Macintosh computer
systems.
On one end, the speaker’s voice was electrically encoded.
During this stage, growth is exponential.
These are military men. Zhuge Liang was a famous military planner.
All people need some privacy in their lives.

It's more organized now and much easier to navigate.

Giving people the latitude and flexibility to apply their talents rapidly accelerates progress.

For our annual family holiday this year, we went to the Gold Coast.
Included in the donation are equipment used in the installation and maintenance of fiber optic
cable.
The London-based oil company led the consortium which invested more than $3 billion..
When Michael Jackson had his concert in Korea, the stadium was filled to its capacity.
That picture of a crying child conveys a feeling of sadness.
The latest devices are fun to use for many tasks like browsing cyber space, but it is important
to keep your distance from them as well.

Adverts are full of stereotypes.

He had an amazingly productive five years in which he managed to write four novels.
The White House has portrayed the President as deeply conflicted over the matter.
Cars with classic black or grey are easy to resell, but those with red or green interiors are
more niche.
The drug has been linked with a higher incidence of certain cancers.

One statistic that stuck out is that 40 percent of those surveyed did not have college degrees.

The facts emerged after a lengthy investigation.

The repair should cost approximately $200.

Evidence that supports his claims is lacking.

The program helps people recently released from prison figure out how they can play a
constructive role in society.
There is a significant difference in prices between the two stores.
The volunteers contributed their time towards cleaning up the city.

They need to learn how to settle their arguments without resorting to violence.

We heard some shooting in the night.

He is capable of outbursts of uncontrolled aggression.
The story is old, but it has importance to contemporary audiences.
The doctor was able to diagnose the man's illness.
He gauged strength of the wind.
Use wood of at least 15mm thickness.
She drew crude hearts on the ground to show how much she loved him.
Use a calculator to add all those numbers.
The computer program will take data from these sources and automatically plug it into the
equation.
He gave me precise directions to his house.
It is estimated that over 98% of people in Korea are literate.
Each rock has a slightly different composition.
Everyone has a different method of doing their studies efficiently.

Will you squeeze that tube of paste and see if there is any left?

I’m not good at learning formulas.

The density of a bowling ball is higher than a basketball.

The book has many different aspects available for discussion.

Doctors recently discovered a cancerous tumor in the woman's brain.

From this, Lovelock concluded that any planet that has life would reveal a chemistry that held
odd imbalances.

Acid rain is very bad.

The physiological reports show that his body is functioning normally.

They say sleeping on the job helps increase productivity.
Being bullied at school was the stimulus that prompted me to start self-defense classes.
The flooding is severe after a strong hurricane.
Some early doctors, notably Hippocrates, thought that diet was important.
Tom, however, looked for some pieces of bark and wrote on them.
The willow tree in the story also has symbolic meaning.
People use aspirin today to help with pain and fever.
We can classify plants by different things we know about them.
Then there was a heavy bang against the basement door and a long silence of tension and
terror!
He replied in characteristically robust style.
The warm temperatures triggered the break up of the ice.

When some people are very sick, they vomit.

He looked uncomfortable, like a self-conscious adolescent who's gone to the wrong party.

The book is valuable to undergraduate students, but it can also be a quick refresher on the
topic for some graduate students.
Statistically speaking, you're more likely to die from a bee sting than win the lottery.
She works as a bilingual secretary for an insurance company.
The college has a liberal arts curriculum.
Their religion affects almost every aspect of their lives.

The European Union should remain flexible enough to assimilate more countries quickly.

Money doesn't guarantee a happy life.

She saw a counsellor to discuss her homesickness.

The time and expense involved in keeping up to date with all the changes has been
worthwhile.
She attended an exclusive private school.
They have a good deal of independent authority.
He is trying to pay off gambling debts.

When children go to a different school, it usually takes them a while to adapt.

Domestic opinion had turned against the war.

You can't generalize about a continent as varied as Europe.

The government forced the closure of the factory.

In the space marked "occupation" she wrote "police officer".
She studied behavioral psychology in college.
She has an innate sense of rhythm.
The new owners have ensured the continuity of the company's commitment to protecting the
environment.
When learning a language, there is no substitute for living among native speakers.

They have always maintained high standards of professional conduct.

This plan for a new town library is not economically feasible.
I think I have the virus that's going around this winter.
Vitamins are crucial for maintaining good health.
Her book aims to define acceptable social behavior.
The bathtub was installed by a professional.

The speaker discussed diet and nutrition with the class.

Looking after a baby at home all day is nice but it doesn't provide much intellectual
stimulation.
These plants have a 2-year growth cycle.
The people in the crowd were treated like cattle as they tried to leave the stadium.
This product contains no artificial colors—only natural substances are used.
By staying within the safe environmental limits, much of the biodiversity would be conserved,
while income per capita rose.
With all herbicides banned, manual weeding is usually a considerable cost factor in organic
coffee production.

The epidemiology of a disease, however, cannot be studied in an experimental setting alone.

The creation of the national railroad system unified the country.

The suburbs encroach further into the rural areas each year.

Human beings, dogs, and cats are all mammals.

The importance of climatic conditions in deciding the flora and fauna of a particular region is
recognised throughout the book.
The slightest error can have serious consequences.

New legislation aims to reduce carbon emissions.

The original agreement remains untouched.

The study links high cholesterol levels to/with an increased risk of heart attacks.

The rarity of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.

Problems arise when kids leave school.
He has made some smart investments, so he's doing very well financially.
Manufacturing is central to the economy of the country.

The organization held its annual conference in New York this year.

Even in the industrialized world illiteracy is a problem.

The book is broadly concerned with the oil industry.
The left of the party is pressing for a more progressive social policy.
They received a written directive instructing them to develop new security measures.
We cannot affirm that this painting is genuine.
The drought caused serious damage to crops.
Britain is one of the member states of the European Union.
Students can withdraw from a class anytime until the last week of the semester.

In recent times, agriculture has become a major fossil fuel energy user.

Since the disintegration of the USSR, there has been only one superpower - the US

Forests are renewable natural resources, but they must be treated with care.

In the financial sector, banks and insurance companies have both lost a lot of money.
His new job allowed him to become more self-sufficient.

The region's reliance on tourism has only grown in recent years.

There is a labor dispute between workers and management.

The geopolitics of war are often complex.

I received an injection of the flu vaccine yesterday.

I want to ask you to look at the results, to be pragmatic.

Health care is a politically sensitive issue.

Valentin didn’t like executions, but he knew that criminals needed to be punished.

He added this is a key issue in Aceh's rehabilitation.

The philosophical debate was attended by the majority of the student body.

He went on trial for first-degree murder and armed robbery.

I would never betray my friends.
You should routinely visit your doctor to make sure that you are not having any health
problems.

Why would a counterfeiter ever use real bills?

Hopefully his punishment will act as a deterrent to others.

The only viable solution to the family's situation was to move to a new town.

My grandfather is so conservative; he hasn't bought new clothes in twenty-five years.

You should verify that statement by looking it up in the book.

There are 58 prisoners on death row now.

The United States decided to abolished slavery in the mid 1800s.

My client decided to appeal the court’s decision.

The mayor had a new bridge built whereby the citizens could cross the river.
She placed a high monetary value on her handcrafted purses.
I don't think you realise the gravity of the situation.
Since it was difficult to get to the city and bring in supplies, the people had to grow food
locally.

Police are afraid he might try to skip the country.

We only pay a nominal rent.

She tried to flee from the men chasing after her.
After the prisoner escaped from prison, he became a fugitive.
It’s terrifying experience to be captured by hijackers.

Ralph had Brooker arrested because he could not pay his debt.

I intend ringing for my butler and instructing him to send for the police and have you charged
with theft.
Joe temporarily left the office. He'll be back in a moment.
There is no entrance fee to the gallery.
I’m not sure how to operate the new photocopier. Could you help me?

The constitution of the United States grants freedom of religion for its people.

Baptista wanted a strong man to marry Bianca, but Hortensio had a weak character.

Many slaves were able to escape to the North.

The Republic demands that Citizen Evremonde goes on trial tomorrow.

Playing football is one way to achieve physical fitness.

After moving to a new country, she faced much discrimination because of her race.

"Negro" is now considered offensive by most people, and "African-American" is used instead.

The United States in the past century illegalized.

I play baseball to blow off steam.

If they had expected a warm welcome, they were in for a rude awakening.

He grew up in the ghetto; it was a miracle that he ever survived.

It is not merely true that a creed unites men.

Many pilgrims come to this festival to bathe in the holy lake.

We hiked for hours and did not stop until we reached the peak.

The congregation sang hymns and spirituals.

Costa Rica became the first Latin American country to abolish slavery.
Mrs. Dean grasped Cathy’s arm and dragged her out of the house.

His arm was spurting blood where the vein had been severed.

The tobacco plantations on the east coast have been in operation for centuries.
By actively looking and making a conscious effort to take in trivial information, you begin to
train your brain to log in details.

He gave utterance to Jane about his thoughts.

She fell in sleep with her knees under the mahogany.

The two men stood motionless for a moment, holding their breaths.
The monkey was tottering on the wire above the house.
Heidi was desperate to find shelter from the storm.
We heard an agonized cry in the night.

That action movie created a lot of suspense.

The fillet is considered to be the most tender cut of beef, and one of the most expensive.

The man will shred paper.

We built a bonfire on the beach.
You can see the remnants of the city's former glory in the architecture of the buildings.
The necklace was cursed.
the brand of poverty
There is only a fraction of students here now.
Some of the terminology presented in this lecture may be new, so listen carefully, and feel
free to stop me if you have any questions.
I am faced with a difficult dilemma that will affect my job.
I think it is purely semantic.
There is a plan to collect solar power in space.
Red eyes denote strain and fatigue.
An astronomer studies the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.

He received a new telescope for his birthday.

Apparently, the king has a higher status than his.

My resolution is to stop drinking coffee.

It takes Earth just over 365 days to completely orbit the sun.
I decided to incorporate a new ingredient into my cake recipe.
His affection for her was obvious from the attention he gave her.
The Greeks believed that Hades was the underworld.
My younger brother is a real oddball.
He was sent on over 200 missions before being killed in action.
They clearly botched the investigation.
The velocity of the baseball was so fast that the batter could not hit it.

Some scientists say that atomic power is safe and useful.

We knew the exact coordinates of our destination.

The weight that a truck is allowed to carry is measured in tones.
Gold is one of the most valuable mineral.
She will return from her trip sometime in December.

After the big fire, there was much destruction in the city.

Halley's Comet may have first been seen as far back as 240 B.C.

We can see a flash of light when some meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere.

The diameter of the tree was about 22 centimeters.

The enormous rock hit the earth and left a huge crater.

The force of the blast was equivalent to that of 2-3 pounds of TNT.
In our house, we can feel the vibration of the cars passing on the street outside.
The bomb blast killed eight people.
Farmers often fatten their livestock so there is more meat.
Water normally vaporizes at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
They were explicit in their instructions of how to conduct the interview.
They cheated on the test by sharing answers.
Don't try to avoid it. It is inevitably going to happen.

Let's settle this problem now before the supervisor intervenes.

To get scholarship, she did study very hard last semester.

The intensity of light made it difficult to see.

Her obsession with cats was the cause of their divorce.

The team was penalized when they broke the rules.

Being a referee is a good way to participate in a sport that you like.

Few young people are completely free of food-related pressures from peers, whether or not
these pressures are imposed intentionally.

A normative statement is one that contains a value judgment.

I found a loophole in my contract that will allow me to break the contract without getting a
penalty.
Every chef has their own technique for preparing food.
If I don't eat breakfast then I'm sluggish all morning.
My dogs are very aggressive.

They insist on sticking to the letter of the law.

I can't remember any more—I must have lost consciousness.

Josh was elevated to captain of the ship.
It seems that civilization is improving every year.
Previously, warriors were trained to use swords.
The advertisement is meant to induce people to eat more fruit.

Physics is a difficult topic within science.

The problems of musical therapy for two-year-olds.

Possibilities include special breathing routines, exercise, meditation, and distraction.

I'll teach him martial arts.

The monk entered the temple bringing food for the visitors.

To defy the King is to go against him, and that is treason.

He endured a lot of pain when he had cancer.
War should be a last resort, obviously, undertaken when all other options have failed.
He made a degrading remark about my weight.
She delivered an entertaining discourse on the current state of the film industry.
They are trying to raise money for conservation.
The country's small army would be crushed in a war of such magnitude.
News of her retirement quickly circulated around the office.
If he’s only interested in your looks, that shows how shallow he is.
A spokesperson for the company read to waiting reporters from a prepared statement.
The informative newsletter is published once every two months.

Police officers believe the attack was racially motivated.

Body positivity doesn't defend obesity.

She contrasted the superficiality of celebrity life with the satisfaction of social activism.
He's the creator of a successful cartoon series.

Congress has empowered state legislatures to set educational standards.

Discrimination on the basis of race, gender, age or disability is not allowed.

She countered with some of the most brilliant chess moves ever seen.

The organization is funded by private donations.

The ideology of our modern culture is very different today than it was just 100 years ago.

The container is filled with lots of sweets.

This hepatitis outbreak is turning into an epidemic.

It is a Catholic ritual to attend Mass.

Some people have a hard time finding the necessities of life.

Apparently, he's not happy with how selective I've been.
He fulfilled his contract by completing 50 service hours.
My brother inspired me to play basketball.
His hatred for his cruel father grew with each passing day.
Mayors want local companies to behave ethically.

I'm willing to donate money as long as it's for a worthy cause.

The old man contributed all his property to charity.

The boy is an orphan. Heidi was a little orphan with pink cheeks and curly, brown hair.

In the 2006 New Year's Honours list she was made a Dame of the British Empire.

He was given a blood transfusion.

He had a terrible hemorrhage coming from his leg.

The tribe is led by their wise old chief.

She did not support her thesis very well.

Humans created culture as their adaptive strategies.

It is easier for women to conceive at certain times of the month.

Growth hormone causes a young person's body to grow rapidly.

The National Debt has grown enormously since the war.

Genetics is teaching us so much about our bodies and how we can detect some defects.

The hourglass is broken now.

She wore a belt around her waist.

The conclusion the boys made was that their hypothesis was half wrong.
They hope the new movie will appeal to a mass audience.
She has traveled to many of the world's most remote places.
The family lived in an isolated farm outside of town.

Prolonged exposure to hot sun can be harmful.

The country must fight corruption actively.

There is no differentiation or distinction under the law.

Jose was making a subjective judgement in the auditorium.

I would have appreciated a little more sensitivity from you.

The two leaders signed the treaty to make the agreement legal.

Russia traditionally is a tea drinking country.

She was arrested on bribery charges.

At this point in the speech, the minister departed from his prepared text.

There is a variety of chocolates at the supermarket.

The book ensured his success.

Which distributor should we order from?

You must stop the harassment of your neighbors before they call the police.

Eleven months later, the probe would fail.

Most people wanted him to run for office since he has a lot of integrity.
The transaction took several days.

Most industries in the world today are based on capitalism.

However, at floating markets you will have a chance to meet native people and bargain with
them for their goods.
He was found guilty and given a conditional discharge.

After a very strict selection process, 12 entrants moved up to the finals.

Differences in morality and lack of understanding and communication have often led to
violent conflicts.

The bank's sponsorship of the event was important.

This exotic plant does not usually grow in this part of the country.

The holidays are a time for charity and good will.

We trekked up the mountain and were exhausted afterward.

The company will refund your deposit since they are unable to do the project for you.
The city is building new housing for the elderly.
Her performance by itself was worth the price of admission.
She was lounging on the sofa.
The research showed a qualitative difference between the two teaching methods.
The old man travels the world in search of obscure books.
They operate multinational company in Asia.
He blamed the failure of their research on poor methodology.
My brother gave me an overview of the important parts of the book.
What was the gross weight of the shipment?
The publication of the magazine ceased with the April issue.
Tom Hanks ranked in third place.
We were eager to get to school.
His innovative way of thinking got him a top position in the company.

What criterion are you using to evaluate the interviewees?

The revenue from her income property was not sufficient to cover her expenses.
A bad economy usually means that market shares will be small.
Most financial analysts have been surprised by the persistence of the recession.

By doing so, securities companies can kill two birds with one stone.

He was one of the entrepreneurs of the 80s who made their money in property.

“When would you like to have this completed by?” “Let's shoot for Friday.”