_ WR-LOG DIGITAL NODE

USER MANUAL
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1.Important instructions prior to use 3

Symbol 3
Description 3
2. Loadsensing Digital Logger (LS-G6-DIG-2) Specifications 4
3. System requirements 4
4. Compatibility and other Specifications with Sisgeo Digital Sensors 4
4.1 Compatibility with Sisgeo Digital Protocol 4
4.2 Chain size limitations 5
4.2.1 Sisgeo 50 Incl Sin Protocol (based on Modbus RTU protocol) 5
4.2.2 V3 and Legacy Protocols 5
4.3 Chain restrictions 6
4.4 Chain compatibility between Sisgeo Digital Sensors versions (i.e. Legacy and V3 protocols) 6
4.5 Output data 8
5. Equipment Provided 8
6. Digital Logger Installation 9
6.1 Mounting the Digital Logger 10
6.2 Sensor Connection 10
6.3 Powering the Digital Logger 11
6.3.1 External power supply 14
7. Digital Logger Configuration: Digital Sensors from SISGEO (Legacy and V3 Protocol) 15
7.1 Step 1: Connect the WS Android application: 15
7.2 Step 2: Setup Wizard 16
7.3 Step 3: Sensor Manufacturer 16
7.3.1 Protocols 16
7.3.2 Warming and Address delay 18
7.3.2.1 Always On (standard setup) 18
7.3.2.2 Timed (Only upon request) 19
7.3.2.3 Changing the sensor’s original configuration 21
7.3.3 Power supply threshold 22
7.3.4 Step 4: Addresses 23
7.4 Step 4: Sensor’s data and some considerations 24

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7.4.1 Physical units 25

‘Sisgeo 50 incl Sin’ 25
‘V3 protocol’ 25
7.4.2 CSV files generated 27
7.5. Step 5: Radio Configuration 27
8. Safely closing the Digital Logger 29
9. Maintenance 31
9.1 Digital Logger Firmware Upgrade Procedure 31
9.2 Battery Lifespan 33
9.3 Data Acquisition and Storage 34
9.4 Node Surge Protection 35
10. Troubleshooting 35
10.1 Connection Problems 35
10.2 Missing Packages due to radio connectivity issues 36
10.3 Missing packages due to low battery level or signal issues 37
10.4 Using a resistor to avoid signal reflections on the line 38
10.5 Errors reported by the Digital data logger (Only with V3 sensors) 39
10.6 Reading errors csv file (Only with V3 sensors) 41
10.6.1 Information included in the CSV file 41
10.6.2 Errors type 42
9.6.3 Errors code description 44
10.7 Factory reset 46
11. Environmental best practices 47
CONTACT WORLDSENSING 49

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1.Important instructions prior to use

Please read these instructions carefully and ensure that the required conditions specified in this
document are met before using the product. Each of our edge devices includes this information
inside the packaging

General warnings

● Follow these precautions to avoid a battery explosion or leakage of flammable liquid or gas:
○ Use the correct battery type. Dispose of the batteries according to instructions. Do
not dispose of the batteries by throwing them into a fire or a hot oven, or
mechanically crush or cut them.
○ Do not leave the batteries in an extremely high-temperature environment.
○ Do not subject the batteries to extremely low air pressure. It may result in an
explosion or leakage of flammable liquid or gas.
○ Do not short circuit the batteries. This will blow the protection fuse.
● Batteries and equipment to be connected via the data port must meet IEC 62368-1 ES1 and
PS1 requirements.
● Equipment to be installed in restricted access areas.

Symbol Description

Caution. Do not proceed until the instructions are clearly understood and all required
conditions are met.

Read the instructions for use carefully before using.

Caution, hot surface.

According to the European Union WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU, this product and its batteries
should not be discarded as unsorted waste.
Please send them to separate collection facilities for recovery and recycling.
It is your responsibility to dispose of your waste equipment and batteries properly. The
correct disposal of your old equipment and batteries will help prevent potential negative
consequences for the environment and human health.

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2. Loadsensing Digital Logger (LS-G6-DIG-2) Specifications

The Loadsensing Digital Logger datasheet can be downloaded from the Worldsensing website.

The new Sisgeo digital protocol, regarded as ‘V3 protocol’, has been integrated in the LS Digital node;
some requirements to be considered are present in this document.

The different particularities of each compatible brand/sensor will be captured in different

documents. You will find them at :
https://worldsensing.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/categories/203914247-LOADSENSING

Note:
More models will be and can be added with the development of drivers by Worldsensing. If you are
interested in using one particular sensor with the LS digital node, please contact Worldsensing
technical support to discuss that.

3. System requirements
The compatibility with Sisgeo needs the following prerequisites:

● Digital logger firmware: from version 2.41 onwards.

● WS app version: from version 1.7.21 onwards.
● CMT Edge version: from version 2.3 onwards.
● CMT Cloud version: from version 1.4.0 onwards.

For Sisgeo’s chains of sensors longer than 30 sensors and up to 50 (‘Sisgeo 50 incl Sin’ new
protocol) :

● Digital logger firmware: from version 2.71 onwards.

● WS app version: from version 2.5.0 onwards.
● CMT Edge version: From version 2.7.2 onwards.
● CMT Cloud version: pending

4. Compatibility and other Specifications with Sisgeo Digital Sensors

4.1 Compatibility with Sisgeo Digital Protocol

Each Sisgeo’s digital sensor is equipped with a digitization board on which Sisgeo uploads a
predetermined configuration.

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The digital sensors currently compatible with the Loadsensing digital logger are listed in the digital
logger datasheet.

4.2 Chain size limitations

4.2.1 Sisgeo 50 Incl Sin Protocol (based on Modbus RTU protocol)

As indicated by the name of the protocol itself, a single chain of up to 50 in-place inclinometers
can be read and powered but for that it is necessary to request the sensors configured in time
mode. For further information, please refer to the section 7.3.2.2 of this manual.

4.2.2 V3 and Legacy Protocols

To avoid problems with the size of the messages during the transmission of the data, the maximum
number of sensors that can be connected to the same chain for each sensor model or type has been
restricted as indicated on Sisgeo’s WR_LOG datasheet:
https://www.sisgeo.com/uploads/schede/WR_LOG_EN_07_wireless_dataloggers.pdf

Note: WR_LOG is the co-branding name of Loadsensing wireless devices + Sisgeo sensors

Sensors of the same model but with different number of channels are still supported, however, the
maximum number of sensors allowed in the chain is limited by the digital sensor that has the
maximum number of channels, example:

Figure 2: Chain of mixed sensors, for example MPBX sensors within a same chain

Although digitized electrical MPBX or MEXID extensometers can be combined within the same chain,
those sensors with more channels, in this case the one with address 3 (i.e. sensor with 7 channels)
will limit the maximum number of sensors that can be connected within a same chain, in this
example is 12 sensors in total.
You can refer to the LS Digital logger for more information on the maximum number of sensors in a
chain per sensor type.

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4.3 Chain restrictions

● It will not be possible to combine different sensor models in the same chain. For example, It
will not be possible to combine H-level sensors with In-Place Inclinometers in the same
chain.
● All the digital sensors connected to one chain will have to be configured according to the
same physical units. For example, it will not be possible to combine in-place inclinometers
configured to be read in sin(angle) with other in-place inclinometers configured to be read in
mm/m.
● Sensors with physical units that need an auxiliary value (Ksin(α)), will have to be configured
with the same K value.
○ It only accepts K values 1.0 and between 1000.0 to 100000.0 in multiples of 1000.

4.4 Chain compatibility between Sisgeo Digital Sensors versions (i.e. Legacy and V3
protocols)

Scenario 1: the digital node is configured as Sisgeo V3 protocol through the WS app and all the
sensors have normal (V3) mode configuration.

● All the Chain restrictions mentioned above are applicable here.

Scenario 2: the digital node is configured as Sisgeo V3 protocol through the WS app but some of the
sensors have the legacy mode configuration and some others the normal (V3) mode.

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● It is necessary to support a mix of sensors to maintain the operability of current installations

with LS-G6-DIG-2 node
○ Allow v3 and legacy sensors to be integrated in the same chain using the V3 output
messages format
■ All legacy sensors are considered IPI/Tiltmeter
■ The only legacy supported units are
● k*sin(alpha), sin(alpha), 20k*sin(alpha) or angle in degrees
■ All sensors must have the same units and K
● E.g. Valid combination:

● E.g. Invalid combinations:

and

In case of detecting non-compatible Legacy sensors, the readings are invalidated sensor by sensor
from the non-compatible one. The same behavior applies if the power supply can be checked and is
below the threshold.

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Scenario 3: the digital node is configured as Sisgeo V3 protocol through the Dlog app but the
sensors have the legacy mode configuration.

● This is a valid configuration, but with the following characteristics:

○ All sensors are assumed to be IPIs
■ But both IPIs/Tiltmeter are supported
○ Output unit reported is always k*sin(alpha) but the following are still supported:
■ k*sin(alpha), sin(alpha) or 20k*sin(alpha)
○ All sensors must have the same K

4.5 Output data

Depending on whether the sensors are legacy or V3 models and depending on the type of sensor,
the data output will vary. This information is detailed on section 7.4.1 Physical units (V3 protocol) of
this manual.
In case of using the ‘50 Sisgeo 50 incl Sin’ protocol, the sensors will be configured, by default, to
only report sin(alpha), with a measuring range of ±0.5 that corresponds to ±30º. The temperature
readings will have a +80.0ºC to -40.0ºC range.

5. Equipment Provided
The Loadsensing Digital Loggers are shipped with the following accessories:

● Data logger
● Antenna
● Antenna adapter
● Real Time Clock (RTC) battery

The package does not include:

● A USB-OTG configuration cable

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● Batteries
● A grounding cable or earthing rod
● Mounting supports

6. Digital Logger Installation

The parts of the digital logger are marked in the Figure 3, following the numbers on the list:

1. Casing.
2. Reverse polarity (RP) N female connector. (Compatible with Male RP N connector to RP-SMA
male and aerial with RP-SMA male.)
3. External mini USB B female connection.
4. Gore valve for protection against condensation.
5. A grounding screw for metallic nodes.
6. Cable gland.

Figure 3: Loadsensing Digital Logger components

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6.1 Mounting the Digital Logger

The digital nodes can be mounted:

● On a wall: mounting brackets are available as additional accessories.

● On a metallic structure: strong magnets are available as additional accessories.
● On a pole: plates for 35 and 50 mm pole diameters are available as additional accessories.
● Inside a manhole (with a plastic or metallic cover): no special accessories are available for this
mounting type. Even though the data loggers are IP67 certified when they are closed following
the instructions in the chapter on Safely closing the digital logger of this User Guide, it is
strongly recommended you read the Data Logger Installation in Manholes guide, which will help
you certify the logger for a higher ingress potential level. We recommend installing the loggers in
holes with proper drainage so that they won’t be permanently covered with water.

All Loadsensing data loggers are protected against lightning and there is an easy-to-use grounding
screw (Figure 4) next to the cable glands, which may be connected to guarantee protection.

Figure 4: Detail of the grounding screw

6.2 Sensor Connection

Sisgeo sensors connect to the RS485 port of the Loadsensing Digital Logger. The RS485 terminal
block accepts wires that are prepared by stripping a short length of the insulation from the end.

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The type of sensors that can be connected to the digital node work in a duplex communication
system that can be either half or full system. To date, compatible sensors are half system type,
therefore the SW B switch is set to half system by default.

The wiring of the compatible sensors is determined by the colour code indicated in each sensor’s
manual, please refer to them at Sisgeo’s website: https://www.sisgeo.com/products.html

6.3 Powering the Digital Logger

The data logger arrives closed and without batteries installed. In order to initialize it, the user should
follow these steps:

1. Use a 2.5 mm Allen wrench to open the data logger as per the recommended arrangement
(see Figure 5) in order to avoid damaging the lateral gore valve. The batteries are inserted
into the cover, so be careful not to snap the cable between the cover and the main board.
2. Remove the plastic band from the RTC battery, a small battery included to keep the Real
Time Clock of the logger (Figure 6). The RTC battery keeps time in the data logger regardless
of whether or not C-type batteries are also inserted. The data logger always uses UTC time.
However, the data can be visualized in local time in the gateway or the Android configuration
app. The RTC battery is only available for multichannel data loggers.
3. Insert C-type batteries in the battery holders (Figure 7). Between one and four batteries
can be connected. Polarity is indicated (see LS G6 Datalogger recommended Batteries for
further information on the batteries).
Note: The device has reverse battery protection but it is not safe to keep batteries reversed
in the data logger for a long time.
4. Check that the power switch (SW A, Figure 8) is in the correct position. USB position: the
data logger is powered by the USB cable connected to the Android device used to configure
the node or to any external power kit. BATT position (default): the data logger is powered by
the batteries inserted on the battery holder.
Note: Some Android devices cannot power the data logger, especially when performing a
reading. If reading fails, set the switch to BATT mode in order to power the data logger with
batteries.

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Figure 5: Open digital node

Figure 6: Plastic band to be removed from the RTC battery holder

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Figure 7: Insert C-type batteries

Figure 8: Switch must be in the right position depending on the power source

To use different batteries to the ones recommended it is advisable to check Saft LSH 14 batteries’
specifications: Saft LSH-14 as a current peak and a high pulse capability are required to power the
chain of sensors.

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6.3.1 External power supply

For the sensors that need external powering, as indicated in the following datasheet (‘MAXIMUM
NUMBER OF DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS CONNECTED TO DIGITAL NODE’ section):
https://www.sisgeo.com/uploads/schede/WR_LOG_EN_07_wireless_dataloggers.pdf,
As it is also indicated in the aforementioned document, it is recommended using Sisgeo’s digital
sensor kit (Sisgeo’s reference: 0AX10W003AH) which consists of a dedicated DC/DC board (12 to 24V
that can provide 30W) connected to a small solar panel (a 10W, 2.3Ah system is commonly used) or
directly to mains (Vin 85-265 Vac, 50-60 Hz, Vout 13.4 Vdc/0.9 A) to power the sensors when
required.

An image of the Sisgeo’s DC/DC board is shown in the image below.

Figure 9: Switch must be in the right position depending on the power source

Notes:
● WR_LOG is the co-branding name of Worldsensing wireless devices + Sisgeo sensors
● The external power requirement might vary depending on the digital sensor or chain of
sensors connected to the digital node. The user should refer to the specific requirements of
the manufacturer and check the recommendations stated on this guide for every particular
case, if any.

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7. Digital Logger Configuration: Digital Sensors from SISGEO (Legacy and V3

Protocol)

Try to carry out this step in the place where you are going to install the node. That way, you can
perform an on-site radio coverage test at the same time.

You will need to carry out the node configuration process using the Worldsensing’s Mobile App called
WS App, which is compatible with USB On-The-Go (OTG) Android devices. To make sure the mobile
app works properly, we recommend purchasing one of the mobile models in stock from
Worldsensing. Please contact the technical support team for more information.

The WS app starts up once the device has been connected to the node using the USB-OTG cable.
Manual startup is not necessary.

When a new version of the app is available, the Dlog app will automatically display a message.

The whole configuration process does not take more than five minutes and, from that moment, the
node will start taking readings and sending data to the gateway (the gateway should be already on
and running). The user can refer to the following document for further information WS App.

7.1 Step 1: Connect the WS Android application:

Download the app onto your Android device from the download website: click here.
Install it and connect your device to the node using the USB-OTG cable (Accessories list). Make sure
the battery or batteries are correctly inserted. The app will automatically appear and display a
message (Figure 10) requesting to set the date and time of the node (it will take them from the
mobile phone or tablet in use, Figure 11), afterwards, the node’s basic information will appear (Figure
12).

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Figures 10, 11 and 12, in sequence, showing the first steps to set up a digital node through the WS app.

7.2 Step 2: Setup Wizard

Besides the basic information about the node, such as the ID, the serial number, the version etc.
(see fig. 12 above), the configuration of the logger can be done through the Setup Wizard option.
You can refer to the corresponding WS App user guide for further details.

7.3 Step 3: Sensor Manufacturer

While doing the configuration through the Setup Wizard of the WS app, or when selecting the Sensor
settings option directly from its main menu, a list of available protocols will be displayed at the
sensor manufacturer option.

7.3.1 Protocols
When selecting Sisgeo amongst the different sensor manufacturers listed on the WS app (see figure
13), three different options appear (see figure 14):

-Sisgeo v3
-Sisgeo 50 Incl Sin

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-Sisgeo Legacy

Figure 13 (R), List of available sensor manufacturers. Figura 14 (L), Sisgeo protocols on the WS app

Although these three protocols are available, it is recommended that you order Sisgeo sensor set in
timed mode, even if the number of sensors to be chained is below 50 in order to have the possibility
of increasing it overtime if needed. In that case, ‘Sisgeo 50 incl Sin’ is the protocol to be selected.
For those chains already in-place or for new ones with less than 16 sensors (permanent length),
‘Sisgeo v3’ is the recommended protocol.

Even if the Sisgeo digital sensor is from a previous version to v3 protocol, it is recommended
selecting “Sisgeo v3” to configure the WS Digital logger. The most important advantages for
selecting “Sisgeo v3” are related to the power supply verification (See Section “6.3.3 Power Supply
threshold”) and also because in this case, the WS digital logger will transmit the readings in the
physical units provided by the sensor (See Section “6.4.1 Physical units (v3 protocol”). Please note
this feature is also implemented in the latest protocol: ‘Sisgeo 50 incl Sin’.

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Note: “Sisgeo legacy” has to be selected in the digital logger configuration only when it is necessary
to guarantee the continuity of a monitoring project and because the chain of digital inclination
sensors was previously configured in this protocol for any reason, mainly because the compatibility
with Sisgeo v3 wasn’t already available at the time of the installation. When selecting “Sisgeo
legacy”, the digital logger converts the sine of the angle measured by the digital in-place
inclinometers to an angle in sexagesimal degrees. When selecting “Sisgeo v3”, the digital logger
transmits the measurements in the units of measurement reported by the sensor. Consequently, if
the digital logger was originally configured in “Sisgeo legacy” and it is reconfigured selecting “Sisgeo
v3” or vice-versa, the units of measurement transmitted by the Worldsensing System would be
modified. The units of measurement are always available in the Loadsensing system (in the header of
the csv files when selecting “Sisgeo legacy” or in a dedicated column when selecting “Sisgeo v3”).
You will find additional information about the compatibility between Sisgeo protocols in “Section 11.
Chain compatibility between Sisgeo Digital Board versions (i.e. Legacy and V3 protocols) of this
manual”.

7.3.2 Warming and Address delay

After selecting the corresponding protocol, it is necessary to indicate the ‘Warming delay’ and the
‘Address delay’ of the sensor or chain of sensors. Sisgeo uses ‘Always on’ or ‘Timed’ configurations.
The difference relies on the way the sensors are woken up and read.

Note: The above is not applicable for the ‘Sisgeo 50 incl Sin’ protocol since, by default, all the
sensors meant to be part of a long chain (up to 50 units) are set to timed mode. It is advisable
that the customer specifically asks for this to Sisgeo.

7.3.2.1 Always On (standard setup)

Only applicable for ‘Sisgeo v3’ and ‘Legacy’ protocols.

All the sensors in the chain are simultaneously powered and “awake” (maximum power consumption
state) so that each sensor is ready to respond to the commands of the Master’s MODBUS device
(LS-G6-DIG-2 node in this case).

Typical consumption (for EACH sensor): ~7mA @ 24Vdc, ~12mA @ 12Vdc (LS node powers the sensor
@12 VDC)

Note: The WS app configuration sets the chain inclinometers as always on when the Warming
delay is 0 and Address delay is 0 by default.

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7.3.2.2 Timed (Only upon request)

Called ‘SISGEO Communications Window Feature’ -

The feature uses the Warming Delay and Address Delay parameters stored by Sisgeo in the
electronic non-volatile memory to keep the sensor in a low power state while reading from other
sensors in the chain. The Master’s Modbus device (LS digital node) waits the appropriate amount of
time before attempting to read a particular sensor in the chain. The Master’s Modbus device will turn
on the power supply output at the start of the scan; each sensor will stay in its lower power state
according to the Warming Delay and Address Delay times. Once a sensor is “awake” it will be in its
maximum power consumption state. (Refer to Battery Lifespan for further detail).

Note: To configure the digital logger for reading ‘Timed’ inclinometers it is necessary to check
the specific information from Sisgeo about these parameters. Worldsensing is aware that
Sisgeo’s practice is to supply IPIs configured as 'timed' mode for chains with more than 16
sensors, however the user should contact Sisgeo for confirmation.

If you don’t have any information from Sisgeo about a specific Warming delay and Address delay, it
means that the sensors have been set to ‘always on’ mode, therefore the nodes for reading the
Sisgeo digital sensors will have to be configured with the corresponding protocol and with 0
warming delay and 0 address delay. See example on fig. 15 below:

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Figure 15, Unless requested to Sisgeo, by default all Sisgeo IPIs are set to always on, i.e. delays are ‘zero’ value for chains
shorter than 16 units

For long chains, up to 50 sensors, when the ‘Sisgeo 50 Incl Sin’ protocol is required on the WS app, all the
sensors are meant to be set in timed mode but without the possibility of selecting the Warming delay or
the Address delay. Both parameters are configured by Sisgeo and cannot be changed (see fig. 16).

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Figure 16, for long chains, of up to 50 sensors, factory set in Timed mode, it is not possible to select the Warming and Address
delay

7.3.2.3 Changing the sensor’s original configuration

Although it is recommended making sure that Sisgeo will supply the required configuration, it is
possible, later on, to change the settings of Sisgeo’s digital sensors such as a chain of IPIs from
‘Always on’ to ‘Timed mode’ through a tool named ‘DSC’ supplied by Sisgeo upon request. However, it
is required to remove the chain of IPIs from the borehole and to proceed to change the settings one
by one. Sisgeo also provides a hardware interface, RS485, that is also able to directly power the
chain of sensors from a PC via USB.
Should the removal of the sensors be impossible, Sisgeo has an internal tool that only Sisgeo’s
technicians can use to change the settings due to the complexity of the operation.

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7.3.3 Power supply threshold

The Sisgeo digital electronic boards manufactured from June 2017 onwards (i.e. with digital boards
equipped with firmware version higher or equal to 3.0 and set up either as Legacy or V3 mode are
capable of reading the input voltage. The firmware of the LS-G6-DIG-2 digital node is able to query
the ‘input register’ and to eject the readings if this voltage is below a threshold fixed by the user.

Sisgeo’s suggestion is setting the threshold to 10Vdc, therefore If the voltage supplied to the digital
node is lower than that value, the node does not take any reading from the sensor or sensors
connected and gives an ‘error’ output informing that the power supply of the sensors is not enough
(see Errors reported by the Digital data logger).

Notes:
For older Sisgeo electronic digital boards (manufactured before June 2017), with firmware prior to
3.0, the components for measuring the input voltage were not present and therefore this check can
not be implemented.

When it comes to the protocol selected in its configuration through the Dlog app, there is one
difference in the response of the digital data logger in case that a power supply threshold error
occurs:

● If ‘Sisgeo 50 incl Sin’ or ‘Sisgeo V3’, the WS digital node will reject the readings of the
complete chain of digital sensors if the power input of any of the digital sensors of the chain
is below the threshold.
The WS digital node will send in the referred cases a ‘Low battery’ message and the email
monitoring service included in the gateways will send an email to the user notifying that the
node is affected by a ‘Low battery’ error. This feature requires at least v2.2 firmware version
of the gateway firmware. The WS App will also display a 'Low battery' error message in this
case.

● If ‘Sisgeo legacy’, the LS digital node will query for the readings and after detecting the first
power supply below the threshold, the rest of the measurements of the chain will be
rejected. The readings of the sensors installed up to this point will be stored and transmitted.
The LS digital node will transmit blank readings after detecting the first power supply below
the threshold and these blank readings will be recorded in the csv files.
The email monitoring service included in the gateways will not notify this issue to the user
because the cause is uncertain.

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7.3.4 Step 4: Addresses

In Addresses, the user has to enter the bus addresses of the sensors connected to the node in the
corresponding sequence, they have to be added one by one.

Note: In a vertical chain of sensors, the sequence can start with the bus address of the sensor
placed nearest to the head and followed by the sensors placed at a deeper location or the other way
around. It is advisable that the user takes record of the sequence and their relative position (figure
17).

Figure 17 (left), Bus addresses of the digital sensors connected with Sisgeo V3 protocol. Fig. 18 (right), Same with Sisgeo 50
incl Sin protocol

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In case there were two or more sensors with the same digital bus addresses connected in
the same chain, these sensors would not be readable, the user should contact Sisgeo
Support to get the bus addresses changed accordingly.

7.4 Step 4: Sensor’s data and some considerations

The Dlog app will show the sensors’ data as shown in figure 19. If the configuration is correct, the
data is displayed. Note how a non-existent sensor in the chain (Sensor 3 - Addr 1) has been inserted
in the configuration. As in this case, when the node cannot read a configured sensor, a 'No readings'
message is displayed.

Figure 19, Sensor’s data displayed on the Dlog app

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However, if a sensor or sensors exceed their maximum range, an ‘Error’ would be displayed. If
another type of error was detected by the node, it would be displayed on the Dlog app screen (refer
to Errors reported by the Digital data logger).

Note:
To detect which sensor is disabling the reading due to an incompatibility, we recommend setting up
the sensors one by one or by groups so as to identify and discard the sensor or sensors which are
not correctly ‘factory configured’.

7.4.1 Physical units

‘Sisgeo 50 incl Sin’

All the following Sisgeo’s sensors:

● MD-profile system.
● LT-inclibus.
● BH-Profile in-place inclinometers.
● Horizontal in-place inclinometers.
● MEMS in-place inclinometers.
● Digital Tilt Beam.
● D-Tiltmeter.
● Digital MEMS Tiltmeters.
● RDS Railway Deformation System.

Will display the tilting units as sin(angle) and the temperature in ºC (range: -20ºC to 80ºC )

‘V3 protocol’
In the Legacy mode, the LS digital node converts the measurements of the in-place inclinometers to
an angle in sexagesimal degrees. Consequently, all the inclinometer’s readings recorded on the csv
files are in degrees.

● A-Axis and B-Axis in degrees within +/-15º and with 4 significant decimals.
● Temperature from -20ºC to 80ºC with 1 significant decimal.

On the contrary, when the user configures the LS digital node with ‘Sisgeo V3’ protocol through the
Dlog app, the LS digital node will collect and transmit the readings just as provided by the Sisgeo
digital sensor.
The configuration of the physical units of the sensors is done by Sisgeo. In the CSV data files,
physical units will be presented in a specific column to avoid any conflict.

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It is important to note that if a user changes the configuration of a LS digital node from ‘Sisgeo
legacy’ to ‘Sisgeo V3’, the physical units of the transmitted and stored data in the csv files will be
also changed from angle in degrees to k*sin(alpha) or sin(alpha) or 20k*sin(alpha) as per how they
have been set in Sisgeo’s factory. A new CSV file will be generated in this case, further information
can be found in CSV files generated

A list of the physical units for Sisgeo’s digital sensors with v3 protocol are shown in fig. 20 below.

Value Decimals Value Decimals

mV 2 N/m2 0
bar 5 t/m2 4
mbar 3 t(UK)/ft2 5
atm 5 t(USA)/ft 5
psi 4 °C 1
Pa 0 20kSinα 2
kPa 3 Sinα 6
MPa 6 ° (Angle in Degrees) 4
mmH2O 1 %RH 1
mH2O 4 mV/V 4
inH2O 3 mm 3
ftH2O 4 mm/m 3
mmHg 3 inches/feet 5
cmHg 4 kSinα Max(0,6-floor(log10(k)))
inHg 4 Volt 1
Kg/cm2 5 kN 2
Kg/m2 1 με 2
lb/in2 4 inch 5
lb/ft2 2 feet 6

N/cm2 4
Figure 20, Sisgeo V3 ‘s sensors physical unit

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7.4.2 CSV files generated

The recorded csv files will have a different structure depending on the selected configuration of the
LS digital node:

● ‘Sisgeo legacy’. In this case, the CSV files will be as of today. Node files are named as
‘LS-G6-DIG CSV files’ in the node view of the dataserver. Example of Sisgeo Legacy csv file.

● ‘Sisgeo V3’. In this case, the CSV files are named as ‘LS-G6-DIG Sisgeo CSV files’ in the node
view and will include temperature plus 7 channels per digital sensor although only the
channels containing information of the sensor will be populated.
It is available an example of this file on the following link: Example of SisgeoV3 csv file.

In this file there are three columns including information related to the digital sensor:
“Model”, “Physical unit” and “Auxiliary unit”.

Regarding the aggregate CSV files, in the “Compacted readings CSV files” (only available on
gateways running on firmware version 2.3) there will only be included the readings of the
first four digital sensors (including Temp, Chn1, Chn2,..., Chn7), considering the sorting
introduced in the configuration done with the Android App, i.e. it will be incomplete if more
than 4 sensors are connected, therefore was it necessary to work using the compacted CSV
files, it would be preferable to make use of the “Compacted custom CSV files” option and set
them up according to the specific needs of the project.

7.5. Step 5: Radio Configuration

The radio settings are as follows (fig. 21):

● Offline test if the logger works in standalone mode.
● Online test if there is Internet connection in both the edge gateway and the mobile phone in
which the WS app is running.
● Link check test if neither the mobile phone or the edge gateway have Internet connection,
or in one of them or if despite having Internet connection in both devices it is desired to run
this test (for further information, please refer to the Worldsensing Mobile Configuration App).

Note: The default configuration parameters should be suitable for the majority of networks.

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Figure 21, Radio type configuration.

The following steps can be checked on the aforementioned Worldsensing Mobile Configuration App.

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8. Safely closing the Digital Logger

This is important in ensuring logger water tightness and durability. Close the cover by
cross-screwing to a torque of 2.5 N.m.

Loadsensing data loggers have undergone water tightness testing by an external laboratory and are
rated IPX7 (1 meter for 30 minutes) and IPX8 for extended immersion (1 meter for 7 days).

To guarantee watertightness, you must be sure that:

● The box is closed in a cross-shaped order after sensor connection (Figure 22). All the screws
must first be inserted and screwed in until they are connected to the box and then adjusted
using the torque wrench. If these steps are not followed, the base faces and cover may not
be parallel, screwing may become more difficult and the screw threads or the Helicoil inserts
may be damaged. Moreover, the sealing joint may not be properly fitted and the degree of
protection against water intrusion could not be guaranteed.

Figure 22, Sequence to close the box correctly

● The box is screwed at 2.5 N.m using a torque screwdriver (e.g. Ref: Wera 7441 ESD),

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● The cable glands are closed with a 19 mm open spanner (e.g. Ref Bahco 894M-19, 19 mm
single-ended open spanner) and the internal nut is also held with a 19 mm open spanner .
(Figure 23)
Note: The digital loggers with serial numbers below 29394 have plastic internal nuts instead
of the current metallic ones. For those devices it was required to hold the internal nut with a
22 mm open spanner (e.g. Ref Bahco 894M-22, 22 mm single-ended open spanner).

Figures 23, Tightening the cable glands

● A piece of rubber rod to seal the unused cable glands is provided in each box (Figures 24 and
25).
● The antenna is mounted. If it is not, the antenna connector should be covered with a cap.
● The sealing ring has not been manipulated either physically or chemically.
● The sealing cap USB connector is coiled.

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Figures 24 & 25, Rubber stick to seal the unused cable gland

If any of these conditions are not met, or if one or several components (e.g. gore valve) are damaged,
IPX7 and IPX8 ratings cannot be guaranteed.

Should the data logger need further sealing due to placement in an extreme environment or in a
floodable manhole, additional sealants (such as Sikaflex products) will be required to close the box.
See Data Logger Installation on Manholes.

Note: Box screws shouldn’t be torqued more than 2.5 N.m, even though they can support a
maximum torque of 3.5 N.m. If the torque is exceeded, the Helicoil insert may be damaged. Don’t use
electric drills or electric screwdrivers.

9. Maintenance

9.1 Digital Logger Firmware Upgrade Procedure

When a new version of the app is available, the Loadsensing Mobile App will display a message
asking you to upgrade it (Figure 26). Your mobile phone or tablet needs to have an Internet
connection. Otherwise, contact Worldsensing technical support for assistance.

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Figure 26, Firmware update message displayed on a screen

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9.2 Battery Lifespan

Battery consumption varies depending on the number of sensors connected in a chain, sampling
rate and environmental and wireless network conditions.

The digital node runs on four battery cells and according to Sisgeos’s tests conducted in lab
conditions (at a temperature of 25ºC) using four SAFT LSH 14 batteries with a nominal voltage of 3.6
(SAFT LSH 14 batteries product sheet), the node is capable of powering up to 30 Sisgeo (legacy and
V3 protocols) inclinometers. The following table (figure 27) provides the battery lifespan according to
different sampling rates, protocols and mode configurations (‘Always on' and 'Timed'). It is important
to note that the configuration of the inclinometer has to be set by Sisgeo and can not be configured
through a LS digital node.

Battery Life Estimation

Sensors Sampling rate 5 Sampling rate 1 h Sampling rate 6 h

minutes

Sisgeo - 10 IPIs (v3 60 days Estimation not Estimation not

protocol, always on) available yet. available yet.

Sisgeo - 10 IPIs (v3 80 days Estimation not Estimation not

protocol, timed mode) available yet. available yet.

Sisgeo - 30 IPIs (v3 12 days 5 months 2.3 years

protocol, if always on)

Sisgeo - 30 IPIs (v3 22 days 8.5 months 4.1 years

protocol, timed mode)

Figure 27, Sisgeo battery life estimation for a chain of 30 sensors and for different sampling rates

Note: Battery life may vary considerably from specifications depending on the actual set-up and
working conditions; such as sensor version, sampling rate, wireless network status and
environmental conditions. The battery life rating is only achieved on the specific sensor models and
configurations tested by Worldsensing under the specific test settings at the time of publication and
is not an estimate of a system's battery life under any conditions other than the specific test
settings.

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Test settings in terms of radio: Europe radio configuration. Spreading factor 9. Radio transmit power
14dBm. Considering standard laboratory conditions. Estimations for 4 Saft LSH14 batteries based on
the lifetime mathematical model.

The timed mode of a sensor is not meant to increase the autonomy of the digital logger but to
reduce the maximum consumption of the chain. The digital logger is able to read a chain of 30 IPIs if
it is in TIME MODE. In ALWAYS ON MODE, however, it is not possible to read 30 IPIs because the
consumption is around 300mA and the logger supplies DC/DC up to 120mA whereas in TIMED MODE,
the consumption is around 30-50mA.
Usually for chains longer than 15 sensors, the sensors are set in timed mode, this allows the digital
lower to read them.
As an example, a chain of up to 15 sensors would be set in ALWAYS ON mode by default.
The time the node employs to read the whole chain would be:
Always on sensors
Example: addresses starting from 1 to 15
15 sensors x 1s = 15s
However, a chain of up to 30 sensors would be set in TIMED mode by default.
Timed sensors
Example: addresses starting from 16 to 30
3s + (30 sensors x 3s) = 93s

The battery life of the Digital node will depend on the sampling rate selected, on the radio
communication quality, i.e. the spreading factor (SF) and on the transmission power (Tx Pw) with
which the system works and on the temperature profile of the area.
The above are estimated figures for a scenario with SF:9 ; Tx Pw 14dB (European radio) and with the
temperature profile of Barcelona (average temperature: 20ºC).

9.3 Data Acquisition and Storage

The digital logger has an internal memory of 4 MB. A Worldsensing Digital Logger connected to a
chain of inclinometers stores up to 90,000 readings, these readings include the sensors’ data and
other relevant information depending on the version (legacy or V3) of the sensor.

When the memory is full, new readings overwrite the earliest ones. As well as sensor data, the digital
logger collects hourly health data on battery voltage, internal temperature and node uptime.

Data is stored in comma-separated value files (CSV type for both readings and health data). You can
download readings and health files using the Loadsensing Mobile App. The user can refer to section
3 of the following doc LS-G6 Dlog user guide.

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9.4 Node Surge Protection

Following IEC 61000-4-5, digital loggers have been equipped with class 2 surge immunity protection
against damaging electrical spikes and transients. That means the node is protected up to 1 kV.

You need to ground the node (metal case nodes come with an easy-to-use grounding screw),
otherwise the surge protection cannot prevent the node from being damaged by nearby lightning
strikes. Note that nothing can protect a system from a direct lighting strike or one so close that it
overloads the capacity of the surge protection.

Further information can be found on the Surge protection document.

10. Troubleshooting

10.1 Connection Problems

Several common mistakes can cause a coverage test to fail. Most problems can be traced to the
gateway or the node.

Here is a checklist of good practices before gateway installation:

● Place the gateway antenna vertically high up, by extending the Ethernet
cable or by installing the antenna at the highest point using a long antenna
cable. As a rule of thumb, the higher the antenna the farther the
communication.
● Don’t attach the gateway to a metallic pole or, if you have to, use a mounting
bracket to create separation.
● Try to ensure line of sight to and from the gateway and the nodes.
● Ensure that the antenna is in a vertical position. Please also refer to our
recommendations for installing nodes inside manholes/boxes.

If you have checked all the above and still have radio communication issues then here is a checklist
of good practices after gateway installation:

If all the above points have already been checked and radio communication issues still occur:

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● Check the radio region and user-pass configuration of the nodes is

compatible with the one selected on gateway.
● Extend the node cable antenna.
● Increase the sampling rate of the node, bearing in mind that this will shorten
battery lifespan.
● Install an additional gateway to reach nodes with coverage issues.

10.2 Missing Packages due to radio connectivity issues

Taking the example of a chain of in-place inclinometers, a Loadsensing digital logger sends the data
in packages of 5 sensors. Consequently, if the reading files recorded in the gateway show missing
data of 5 IPIs (i.e. showing blank readings for 5 consecutive channels in a row,) or missing data of
channels in multiple of 5 (i.e 10, 15, 20, etc channels in a row), it means that the node is experiencing
a poor radio coverage.

As an example, see data from node 7480 in figure 28. Data with timestamp 10/4/2019 05:00:00
from IPI 1 to 5 IPIs is blank, however, readings from IPIs 6 onwards have data.

Figure 28, Data missing in multiples of 5 (channels), indicative of radio issues.

This can also be checked at the node status reported on the gateway as a panel of messages
sent/received (showing the total number of messages sent from its initial configuration and also the
past 5 days in detail): Login into the gateway, go to status tab and then the received/lost radio
messages can be seen.

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In this particular example (figure 29), 2273 messages (in green) have been received in total, 122
messages (in red) have been lost and 69 messages (in orange) have been lost due to power
interruption .

Figure 29, Radio messages status recorded on the gateway

10.3 Missing packages due to low battery level or signal issues

Contrary to what happens when there are radio communication issues, when the batteries start to
fail or there is a need of improving the way the data is read (Modbus protocol), the data missing does
not go in packages of five, consequently it could happen that the data chain is only incomplete for a
few channels. As highlighted in figure 30 (extracted from node 7489 which was connected to a
gateway), data loss might happen in just one single channel or in several but does not necessarily
have to be in multiples of 5.
Another sign that can lead us to suspect there is a battery or signal reading issue is to have empty
data rows with the timestamp recorded (refer to rows 207 to 209 as an example).

Figure 30, Example of a reading file in which some data from one or more sensor of the chain is not being
recorded

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9.3.1 If it is a battery issue:

First of all, replace all 4 batteries for new ones, these batteries should be SAFT 3.6V batteries to
ensure the battery life specified in the manual.

Then check whether the configuration of the node is according to the manufacturer specs (Sisgeo in
this case) as per what is explained in the Warning and Address delay section of this manual. To check
on this the user will have to enter the node via the Dlog app.

9.3.2 If it is a low signal issue:

When connecting the sensors, we recommend using resistors. In some cases, this is clearly specified
by the sensor manufacturer. See next chapter: Resistor to increase the signal power.

10.4 Using a resistor to avoid signal reflections on the line

Some sensor manufacturers recommend the installation of a termination resistor in the digital data
logger which should be the same as the one that is installed at the inclinometer sensor located at
the bottom of a chain of IPIs.
Placing a 120 ohm termination resistor in the terminal block (between A and B) as shown in fig. 31 is
useful if there are missing readings because the resistor reduces the noise in the RS485 bus.
If there are no missing readings in the csv file, it is not a must to install the resistor.
Sisgeo in particular supplies a 120 ohm termination resistor on their sensors (the sensor that goes at
the toe of the IPIs chain). It is recommended that the same resistor is installed in the terminal block
(between A and B).

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Figure 31, 120 Ohms Resistor to improve the signal communication

10.5 Errors reported by the Digital data logger (Only with V3 sensors)
An internal validation is established to apply the restrictions described in this document. The
following error messages are reported by the node when recognises a bad configuration:

Error Meaning

Bad configuration -> Sensor One or more sensors in the chain don’t have the same model as
models the rest.
(For further information see Chain restrictions).

Bad configuration -> Sensor One or more sensors in the chain don’t have the same physical
physical units units.
(For further information see Chain restrictions).

Bad configuration -> Sensor One or more sensors in the chain do not have the same physical

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physical units auxiliary units auxiliary value (only validated on V3 sensors with ksin(alfa)
and always with legacy sensors).
(For further information see Chain restrictions).

Bad configuration -> Sensor One or more sensors in the chain exceed the maximum allowed
number of channels channels (7) or the number of channels of a sensor and the
number of configured sensors exceeds the established limits.
(For further information see Chain size limitations
).

Error reading all the sensors If the node is not able to communicate with any sensor (e.g. chain
cannot be cut off or node with bad modbus addresses
configurations).

Low power supply When the batteries are about to die there is a chance that the
voltage is lower than expected. If the power that the sensors are
receiving is not enough, no data messages are sent with readings
that could be invalid.
(For further information see Power supply threshold).

Figure 32, List of possible errors that can be reported by a digital logger with Sisgeo digital sensors
Note:
Errors do not pinpoint which sensor or sensors are invalidating the reading of the chain. To detect
which sensor is disabling the reading, we recommend setting up the sensors one by one or by
groups so as to identify and discard the sensor or sensors which are not correctly ‘factory
configured’.

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10.6 Reading errors csv file (Only with V3 sensors)

A readings error csv file is generated and recorded on the dataserver, either on the gateway
(CMT-Edge architecture) or in the cloud (CMT-cloud architecture) for every digital logger if an error
occurs for any reason

Figure 33, Example of a digital logger that has generated a readings error file

When a general error is reported by the digital logger, a line containing only the timestamp (first
column) will be appended to the readings csv (62-readings-current.csv in Image 1) while a line with
the error information will be appended to the errors csv (62-reading-errors-current.csv in figure 33).

10.6.1 Information included in the CSV file

The information that can be found in the CSV is described below:

● Same header as the digital logger CSV file (node ID, gateway ID, model,…)
● Columns including:
○ Date and time

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○ Message-type-{node id}: This is included because some nodes can have several
types of messages, like the digital node.
○ Errors-{node id}
■ Error code. One or more separated by ‘;’ if more than one is present.
● E.g -> “1;0”
○ Locations-{node id}
■ Up to one location for each error in ‘Errors’ separated by ‘;’ and in the same
order as in the ‘Errors’ column.
● E.g. of a specific channel error. If there are errors on sensor 1 channel
3 and sensor 5 channel 1:
○ “S1CH3;S3CH1”
● E.g. of a general error.
○ “GENERAL”
○ Comments-{node id}
■ Column to explain any error deemed necessary for any particular error code
or situation. Commonly used for general errors explanation.

Note: The same date and time will be written in the data CSV and reading error CSV to match a
specific sample with its errors (if any occurs).

10.6.2 Errors type

Errors can be divided into two groups:

● General error: When this type of error occurs, all readings are invalidated (e.g. a low power
supply detection).
○ Just the timestamp is written in data CSV, all the channels will appear blank. Node’s
data visualization will show the following message:

Figure 34, Information displayed when a digital node’s last reading presents a general error

● Specific channel errors: This type reports an error on a specific sensor channel (e.g. one
sensor channel out of range).
○ Cells in data CSV and node’s data visualization when an error has happened will
appear blank:

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Figure 35, Information displayed when a digital node’s last reading presents a specific error in a sensor
channel

Note: This CSV is not available to upload via FTP, but it can be included in a custom compacted
CSV:

Figure 36, Example of a custom compacted file in which the readings errors are included (columns 4 and 5)

To date, this CSV file is only available on the gateway, not in the mobile application,
consequently when the csv data is downloaded with the mobile application, cells will appear blank
when an error occurs.

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9.6.3 Errors code description

Type Code Description

Invalid chain configuration. Some sensors in the

0 chain do not have the same sensor model. Error on
validation model.

Invalid chain configuration. Some sensors in the

1 chain do not have the same physical unit. Error on
validation physical unit.

Invalid chain configuration. When Aux Unit is used

(kSinα) or with legacy compatibility, some sensor in
2 the chain doesn’t have the same aux unit value. Error
on validation Aux unit.
General
Invalid chain configuration. Some sensors in the
3 chain exceed the maximum allowed channels. Error
on validation max channels.

No response was received from any of the

4 configured sensors IDs. Couldn’t read any sensor.
Error with the communication.

When the power supply of the sensors chain is lower

5 than the configured threshold, all the readings are
invalidated. Error with the power supply.

There is only one error code for invalid readings but

the possible causes are as follows:
● The sensor does not respond
○ There is no sensor.
○ The configured address is not
correct.
○ Sensor malfunction.
0 ○ Sensor doesn’t respond when some
Specific
sensor info is requested (fw
version, code model, code unit…).
○ Other configuration errors like the
warmup and delay values
configured are smaller than the
sensor’s ones.
● The sensor responds but

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○ The value returned is out of the

message’s accepted range.
○ The Sisgeo sensor is old and does
not have the Amplitude
information.

Figure 37, List of general and specific errors

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10.7 Factory reset

If the standard troubleshooting does not work, a factory reset of the data logger can be done to start
over with the setup of the node as shown in the images below (fig. 38 and 39).

Figures 38 and 39, factory reset option

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11. Environmental best practices

Installation and operation

Please install Worldsensing products in an energy-efficient manner by minimising power usage for
computers, mobile phones or other devices needed for setup and configuration. Minimise the use of
small components needed for installation, like mounting brackets and other connection materials.
Avoid using toxic materials and/or hazardous substances.

- Set the sampling rate only in the nodes you need.

- When configuring the nodes, use "Set last configuration" whenever possible.

- Remove the batteries if you are not using the node.

- For nodes with switch, use the usb mode when not in operation.

Return Material Authorization (RMA)

In the event of requesting a Return Material Authorization (RMA) please make sure to use the most
environmentally friendly mode of transportation possible.

Product End of Life and disposal

Please take the necessary measures to extend the life of the product and reuse it when possible.

Once the product reaches its end of life (EoL) recycling is crucial to divert material from waste
streams into new applications.

Electrical and electronic devices, and batteries must be recycled according to the European Union
WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU.

Please separate batteries from equipment.

This product and the batteries it may contain should not be discarded as unsorted waste. Please
send them to separate collection facilities for recovery and recycling.

Product packaging

Worldsensing’s product packaging is recyclable. Separate the different materials for a correct waste
management.

Safety and emergency procedures

Please read the safety sheet that comes with our products before installing them. For safety
information on batteries and other materials, as well as instructions in case of emergency please
read the safety information available at: https://info.worldsensing.com/safety-information/

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In the case of an emergency and after it has been managed, please evaluate the waste generated in
order to dispose of it in accordance with current legislation and local regulation.

It is your responsibility to dispose of your waste equipment, batteries and packaging properly to
help prevent potential negative consequences for the environment and human health.

The cost of environmental waste management is included in the battery's selling price.

By following these best practices you can help protect the environment. Thank you for your
cooperation.

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MAINTENANCE After-sales assistance for maintenance and repairs, is performed by SISGEO’s Customer
Care Department.
The authorization for shipment shall be activated by requesting an RMA ticket (Return
Manufacturer Authorization).
Please create your account and then fill in the RMA form clicking on:

https://support.sisgeo.com/

Please read carefully the instruction published on Sisgeo’s web site.

Send back the instrument/equipment with the complete accessories, using suitable
packaging, or, even better, the original ones.
The shipping costs shall be covered by the sender.

Please return to the following address with correct delivery documentation reporting the
RMA code received:

SISGEO S.r.l.
Via F.Serpero, 4/F1
20060 MASATE (MI)

Customer Care Department e-mail: [email protected]

RELATED LINKS System information can be found on the product page:

https://www.sisgeo.com/products/readout-units-and-dataloggers/item/wr-log-wireless-
dataloggers.html

Refer to the following F.A.Q. (Frequently Asked Questions) page on SISGEO website for
further technical information:
https://www.sisgeo.com/products/faq/?_sft_category=wr-log-wireless-dataloggers

www.sisgeo.com