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The Warrior and The Pacifist Competing Motifs in Buddhism Judaism Christianity and Islam 1st Edition Lester R Kurtz Download

The document discusses the book 'The Warrior and the Pacifist' by Lester R. Kurtz, which examines the conflicting ethical motifs of the warrior and the pacifist within Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It explores how these traditions shape our understanding of violence and morality throughout history. The book features contributions from various scholars and addresses the complexities of peace and conflict in religious contexts.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
19 views95 pages

The Warrior and The Pacifist Competing Motifs in Buddhism Judaism Christianity and Islam 1st Edition Lester R Kurtz Download

The document discusses the book 'The Warrior and the Pacifist' by Lester R. Kurtz, which examines the conflicting ethical motifs of the warrior and the pacifist within Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It explores how these traditions shape our understanding of violence and morality throughout history. The book features contributions from various scholars and addresses the complexities of peace and conflict in religious contexts.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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The Warrior and the Pacifist

This book looks at two contradictory ethical motifs—the warrior and


the pacifist—across four major faith traditions—Buddhism, Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam—and their role in shaping our understanding
of violence and the morality of its use. The Warrior and the Pacifist
explores how these faith traditions, which now mutually inhabit our
life spaces, bring with them across the millennia the moral teachings
that have traveled from prehistoric humanity, embedded in the
beliefs, rituals, and institutions socially constructed by humans to
deal with ultimate concerns, core aspects of daily personal and social
life, and life transitions.

Lester R. Kurtz is Professor of Sociology at George Mason


University Korea. He is the editor of the Encyclopedia of Violence,
Peace, and Conflict (2nd ed., 2008), co-editor of Women, War, and
Violence (2015), The Paradox of Repression and Social Movements
(2018), Nonviolent Social Movements (1999), and The Web of
Violence (1997), and author of books and articles including Gods in
the Global Village (4th ed., 2016), The Politics of Heresy (1988), and
The Nuclear Cage (1988).
The Warrior and the Pacifist
Competing Motifs in Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity,
and Islam

Edited by Lester R. Kurtz


First published 2018
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa
business
© 2018 Taylor & Francis
The right of Lester R. Kurtz to be identified as the author of the
editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters,
has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-138-58543-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-58544-7 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-50526-3 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Contents

Note on Contributors
Foreword
Kevin P. Clements

1 Rethinking Religion and Violence


Lester R. Kurtz

Part I
The Buddhist Tradition

2 Buddhism and Violence: An Oxymoron? Text and Tradition in


Buddhist Just-War Thinking
Iselin Frydenlund

3 Engaged Buddhism East and West: Encounters with the Visions,


Vitality, and Values of an Emerging Practice
Paula Green

4 Aspects of Social Engagement Within the Southeast Asian


Buddhist World
Jordan Baskerville and Somboon Chungprampree

Part II
The Jewish Tradition
5 War and Peace: Intertwining Threads in the Jewish Tradition
Rabbi Tirzah Firestone, PhD

6 Jewish, Israeli, and Zionist Traditions of War and Peace


Paul Scham

7 “Purity of Arms”: Educating Ethical Warriors in the Israeli Army


Noam Zion

Part III
The Christian Tradition

8 Peace and War in Christian Thought: A Partisan Guide


Nigel Biggar

9 Nonviolence: A Style of Politics for Peace


Pope Francis

10 Christianity and Islam in an Age of Transition: Violence or


Healing?
Joseph A. Camilleri

Part IV
The Islamic Tradition

11 Making Peace with Islam: The Muslim as Peacemaker


Afra Jalabi

12 Transforming Terrorism with Muslims’ Nonviolent Alternatives?


Chaiwat Satha-Anand

13 Islamic Approaches to Nonviolence and Peacebuilding: A Critical


Examination
Mohammed Abu-Nimer
Part V
Addressing the Issues Cross-Culturally

14 Building Peace with Religious Support: The Case of Sri Lanka


Jehan Perera

15 Interreligious Dialogue
Lisa Schirch

16 Warriors and Pacifists: Dilemmas, Paradoxes, Alternatives


Lester R. Kurtz

Index
Contributors

Mohammed Abu-Nimer, of the International Peace and Conflict


Resolution program at American University, served as Director of the
Peacebuilding and Development Institute. He holds a PhD in Conflict
Analysis and Resolution from George Mason University. Professor
Abu-Nimer has been intervening and conducting training workshops
and courses all over the world in conflict zones such as: Sri Lanka,
Mindanao-Philippines, Palestine, Egypt, Northern Ireland, Bosnia,
Chad, Niger, and Kurdistan-Iraq, as well as other areas including the
United States and Europe. He is the founder of Salam Institute for
Peace and Justice and co-founder and co-editor of the Journal of
Peacebuilding and Development. As a scholar, he has published
many books and articles, including: Nonviolence and Peacebuilding
in Islam: Theory and Practice (2003); Post-Conflict Power-Sharing
Agreements: Options for Syria (with Salamey, Imad, Abouaoun, Elie,
eds., 2017); Peace-Building By, Between and Beyond Muslims and
Evangelical Christians (Abu-Nimer and Augsburger, eds., 2009);
Unity in Diversity: Interfaith Dialogue in the Middle East (Abu-Nimer,
Khoury, and Welty, 2007); Interfaith Dialogue: A Guide for Muslims
(with Muhammad Shafiq, 2007); and Reconciliation, Coexistence,
and Justice: Theory and Practice (ed., 2001).

Jordan Baskerville is a PhD candidate in religions of Asia at the


University of Wisconsin-Madison, focusing on the history of socially-
engaged Buddhism in Southeast Asia, especially Thailand and
Vietnam. He spent more than a year in Thailand completing
dissertation research and has published in the Kyoto Review of
Southeast Asia, and Rian Thai: International Journal of Thai Studies.

Nigel Biggar is Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology at


the University of Oxford, where he also directs the McDonald Centre
for Theology, Ethics, and Public Life. He is a former President of the
Society for the Study of Christian Ethics (UK). Among his
publications are In Defence of War (2013), Burying the Past: Making
Peace and Doing Justice after Civil Conflict (2003), and most recently
Between Kin and Cosmopolis: An Ethic of the Nation (2014). He has
written on the possibility of a truth commission for Northern Ireland
for the Irish Times, on the Iraq war for the Times (London) and the
Financial Times, and on Scottish independence for Standpoint
magazine. His hobbies include reading history, playing cards, and
making pilgrimage to military cemeteries.

Joseph A. Camilleri, OAM, is Emeritus Professor at La Trobe


University, Melbourne, and Executive Director of Alexandria Agenda,
a new venture in ethical consulting. In a teaching career at La Trobe
spanning forty years, he taught some thirty-five subjects at either
undergraduate or postgraduate level. In 2005, he founded the La
Trobe Centre for Dialogue. Under his leadership, the Centre quickly
established a national and international reputation for research,
training, and policy development. He has authored or edited over
twenty-five books and written some 100 book chapters and journal
articles. His research has centered on five key areas: security and
peace studies, culture and religion in international relations,
international political theory, the foreign policies of the great powers,
and the international relations of the Asia–Pacific region. Over the
past ten years, Camilleri has convened some twenty major
international dialogues and conferences, and appeared before
several parliamentary and government inquiries, most recently the
parliamentary inquiry into Multiculturalism in Australia in 2013. He
serves on several editorial and advisory boards and recently coedited
a Special Issue of the scholarly journal Global Change, Peace and
Security on the recently adopted nuclear ban treaty. For further
details, see his personal website: www.josephcamilleri.org.

Somboon Chungprampree is a Thai social activist working for


peace and justice in Asia. Even as a university student, he was
involved in the student movement in Thailand, which focused on
environmental justice. Since 1997, he has worked in different
positions with key Thai/regional/international civil society
organizations. Presently, he serves as Executive Secretary of
International Network of Engaged Buddhists (INEB). He is a civic
leader and serves on the board of a number of international and
national foundations. He has a great interest in photography.

Kevin P. Clements is Foundation Chair of Peace and Conflict


Studies and Director of the New Zealand Centre for Peace and
Conflict Studies at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
He is also Secretary General of the Toda Institute for Global Peace
and Policy. Prior to taking up these positions, he was Professor of
Peace and Conflict Studies and Foundation Director of the Australian
Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. He went to Queensland from
International Alert, where he was Secretary General from January
1999 to September 2003. During his time there he was on the Board
of the European Centre for Conflict Prevention, and was previously
President of the European Peace Building Liaison Office in Brussels.
Prior to becoming Secretary General of International Alert, Kevin was
the Vernon and Minnie Lynch Chair of Conflict Resolution at the
Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution at George Mason
University in Fairfax, Virginia, from 1994 to 2000, and Director of the
Institute from 1994 to 1999. His career has been a combination of
academic analysis and practice in the areas of peacebuilding and
conflict transformation. He was formerly Director of the Quaker
United Nations Office in Geneva and Head of the Peace Research
Centre at the Australian National University in Canberra. He has
been an advisor to the New Zealand, Australian, British, Swedish,
and Dutch governments on conflict prevention, peace, defense, and
security issues, and advised the German government and the OECD
on states and violence. He was President of the International Peace
Research Association (IPRA) from 1994 to 1998 and Secretary
General from 2008 to 2010; President of the IPRA Foundation from
1995 to 2000; and Secretary General of the Asia Pacific Peace
Research Association. Professor Clements has been a regular
consultant to a variety of nongovernmental and intergovernmental
organizations on disarmament, arms control, conflict resolution,
development, and regional security issues. He has written or edited
eight books and over 165 chapters/articles on conflict
transformation, peacebuilding, preventive diplomacy, and
development with a specific focus on the Asia–Pacific region.

Tirzah Firestone, PhD, is Emerita Rabbi of Congregation Nevei


Kodesh: Jewish Renewal Community of Boulder, Colorado; a Jungian
psychotherapist; and an author. She was ordained in 1992 by Reb
Zalman Schachter Shalomi and holds a doctorate in depth
psychology from Pacifica Graduate Institute (2015). Her studies and
cutting-edge work in cultural trauma, ancestral healing, and the
intergenerational transmission of injury are the focus of her
counseling and group practices and the topic of a forthcoming book
(Adam Kadmon, 2018). Tirzah served for seven years on the board
of Rabbis for Human Rights, North America, currently known as
T’ruah: The Rabbinic Call for Human Rights. She is the founder of
the Muslim–Jewish Alliance of Boulder County, Colorado.

Iselin Frydenlund is Associate Professor in Religious Studies at MF


Norwegian School of Theology and is affiliated to the Peace
Research Institute Oslo. She has published numerous book chapters
and articles on Buddhism and politics and violence in Sri Lanka and
Myanmar, most recently in The Journal of Religious and Political
Practice (2018), Oxford Encyclopedia of Religion (2018), Military
Chaplaincy in a Pluralist Age (ed. Brekke and Thikonov, 2017),
Buddhist Modernities (ed. Havnevik et al., 2017), the Nordic Journal
of Human Rights (2017), and the Journal of Religion and Violence
(2017). She has also been engaged in Buddhist dialogue work
concerning religious minorities in Buddhist majority states.

Paula Green is Emerita Professor of Conflict Transformation at the


School for International Training Graduate Institute in Vermont,
where she founded and directed the CONTACT (Conflict
Transformation Across Cultures) programs, bi-annual intensives held
in the US and South Asia for international peacebuilders. Dr. Green
also founded and directed the US-based NGO Karuna Center for
Peacebuilding in Amherst, Massachusetts, which offers training,
mentoring, and education in peace and conflict in war-torn and war-
recovering countries around the world. In 2009 she received an
award from the Dalai Lama as an “unsung hero of compassion.” Dr.
Green has been active with the International Network of Engaged
Buddhists (INEB), the Buddhist Peace Fellowship, the Insight
Meditation Society, and the Nipponzan Myohoji New England Peace
Pagoda, as well as the US and International Fellowships of
Reconciliation. With graduate degrees in psychology and intergroup
relations, she has taught peacebuilding in many countries in Asia,
Africa, Eastern Europe, and the Mideast. Her interests are in
increasing skills for preventing and responding to conflict and
fostering civil society initiatives that humanize relations across
perceived differences. She is currently developing a national people-
to-people model for bridging differences within the US, beginning
with communities in New England and Appalachia.

Afra Jalabi is a Montreal-based Syrian writer. Jalabi is currently


finishing her PhD at Concordia University in Montreal in the
Department of Religions and Cultures. She is a frequent lecturer on
issues related to Islam and nonviolence. She has participated in
international conferences and appeared in Arab, American, and
Canadian media, having also worked as a columnist in the Arab
Press for the last eighteen years. She has a master’s degree in
journalism from Carleton University and a BA in Anthropology and
Political Science from McGill University.
Lester R. Kurtz is Professor of Sociology at George Mason
University Korea, and holds an M.A.R. from Yale and a PhD from the
University of Chicago. Editor of a three-volume Encyclopedia of
Violence, Peace, and Conflict (2nd ed., 2008), he co-edited with
Mariam M. Kurtz the two-volume Women, War, and Violence (2014);
The Paradox of Repression and Social Movements (with Lee A.
Smithey, 2018); Nonviolent Civil Resistance (with Sharon Erickson
Neptstad, 2012); Nonviolent Social Movements (with Stephen Zunes,
1999); The Web of Violence (1997); and Third World Peace
Perspectives (with Shu-Ju Ada Cheng, special issue of Peace
Review). He is author of Gods in the Global Village (4th ed., 2016),
The Nuclear Cage (1988), and The Politics of Heresy (1988). He is a
past chair of the Peace and Justice Studies Association as well as the
Peace, War, and Social Conflict Section of the American Sociological
Association, which awarded him its Robin Williams Distinguished
Career Award. He has been a visiting professor at the European
Peace University, the University of Chicago, Northwestern University,
Delhi University, and Tunghai University, as well as Distinguished
Researcher at the Institute of the Nanjing Massacre and
International Peace. Lester and Dr. Mariam Kurtz have three children
at home with them in South Korea, Amina, Amani, and Brian; his
daughter Patience is a graduate student at DePaul University in
Chicago.

Jehan Perera is Executive Director of the National Peace Council of


Sri Lanka (NPC). The organization was established in 1995 as an
independent and non-partisan civil society organization to facilitate a
citizen’s movement for reconciliation. A key objective of the
organization is to support efforts to find a negotiated political
settlement that would lead to reconciliation and nation building.
Perera was part of the government delegation at the UN Human
Rights Council session in Geneva in March 2017, as the civil society
representative. He writes a regular weekly political column for the Sri
Lankan media. He has a BA in Economics from Harvard College, an
LLB from the Open University of Sri Lanka, and a JD from Harvard
Law School.
Chaiwat Satha-Anand is Professor of Political Science and Director
of Peace Information Center at Thammasat University and
Chairperson of the Strategic Nonviolence Commission, Thailand
Research Fund—a think tank that proposes nonviolent policy
alternatives to deadly conflicts in Thai society. He has written,
edited, or co-edited some forty books published both in Thailand and
abroad. Some of his writings have been translated and published in
Arabic, Bahasa Indonesia, Chinese, German, Italian, Japanese, and
Korean. His most recent publications include: editor, Nonviolent
Space/Thailand’s Future (2016—in Thai); author, Barangsiapa
Memelihara Kehidupan (Essays on Nonviolence and Islamic
Imperatives; 2016—in Bahasa Indonesia); co-editor (with Olivier
Urbain), The Promise of Reconciliation?: Examining Violent and
Nonviolent Effects on Asian Conflicts (2017); author, Nonviolence
and Islamic Imperatives (2017). He was named “Thailand’s Best
Researcher in Political Science and Public Administration” by the
National Research Council and Thammasat University’s Kiratiyajaraya
Distinguished Professor in 2006. He also received the National Sri
Burapha Distinguished Writer Award in Bangkok and the
International El-Hibri Peace Education Prize in Washington, DC, in
2012.

Paul Scham is Research Associate Professor of Israel Studies and


Executive Director of the Gildenhorn Institute for Israel Studies at
the University of Maryland, where he primarily teaches courses on
the history of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. He is co-editor of
Shared Histories (2006) and Shared Narratives (2013) and has
authored a number of articles, blogs, and op-eds on the conflict,
Hamas, historical narratives, Jordan, and the peace process. From
1996 to 2002, he coordinated Israeli-Palestinian joint research
projects at the Truman Institute for Peace of the Hebrew University.
He is Managing Editor of the Israel Studies Review, an
interdisciplinary academic journal, and blogs at
http://progressiveisrael.org/blog/.
Lisa Schirch is North American Research Director for the Toda
Peace Institute and Senior Policy Advisor with the Alliance for
Peacebuilding. A former Fulbright Fellow in East and West Africa,
Schirch has conducted conflict assessments and participated in
peacebuilding planning alongside local colleagues in over 20
countries, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Sri Lanka,
Indonesia, Kenya, Ghana, and Fiji. Schirch has published seven
books and dozens of chapters and articles on a range of themes,
including the design and structure of a comprehensive peace process
in Afghanistan, civil–military relations, and the role of the media in
peacebuilding. In 2015, Schirch finished a three-year project
coordinating a global network to write a Handbook on Human
Security: A Civil-Military-Police Curriculum and a set of forty
peacebuilding case studies on Local Ownership in Security. Schirch
also is a member of several advisory and research review panels for
the Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund (GCERF) in
Geneva, Switzerland; the UN Development Program International
Advisory Group on Infrastructures for Peace; and the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands’ International Advisory Committee
of Security and Rule of Law (SRoL) in Fragile and Conflict-Affected
Settings (FCAS) and the Knowledge Platform on Security & Rule of
Law, and served as the co-chair of the working group on
engagement with religious actors by the US State Department Office
on Religion and Global Affairs. Schirch has worked as a consultant
on conflict assessment and peacebuilding planning for the United
Nations Development Program, the World Bank, several branches of
the US government, the US Foreign Service Institute, and many local
civil society organizations.

Noam Zion has been Senior Research Fellow at the Shalom


Hartman Institute since 1978. He studied philosophy at and
graduated from Columbia University and the Hebrew University; and
Bible and Rabbinics at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America
and the Hartman Beit Midrash. He is on the faculty of the Hartman
Rabbinic Enrichment Center, the Beeri teacher training program on
democratic and Jewish values for Israeli high school teachers, and
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