Growth Hormone Therapy in Pediatrics 20 Years of KIGS

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Growth Hormone Therapy in Pediatrics 20 Years of
KIGS 1st Edition Michael B. Ranke Digital Instant
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Author(s): Michael B. Ranke; David Anthony Price; Edward O. Reiter
ISBN(s): 9783805582568, 3805582560
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 36.60 MB
Year: 2007
Language: english
Growth Hormone Therapy in Pediatrics – 20 Years of KIGS

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Growth Hormone
Therapy
in Pediatrics
20 Years of KIGS
Editors

Michael B. Ranke Tübingen

David A. Price Manchester
Edward O. Reiter Springfield, Mass.

128 figures and 133 tables, 2007

Basel • Freiburg • Paris • London • New York •

Bangalore • Bangkok • Singapore • Tokyo • Sydney
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Prof. Michael B. Ranke Dr. David A. Price Prof. Edward O. Reiter
Paediatric Endocrinology Section Royal Manchester Children’s Baystate Children’s Hospital
University Children’s Hospital Hospital Tufts University School of Medicine
University of Tübingen Pendlebury, Swinton Springfield, Mass., USA
Tübingen, Germany Manchester, UK

‘Growth Hormone Therapy in Pediatrics – 20 Years of KIGS‘ was supported by an unrestricted educational grant
from Pfizer Endocrine Care.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Growth hormone therapy in pediatrics – 20 years of KIGS / editors, Michael B. Ranke, David A. Price, Edward O. Reiter.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–3–8055–8256–8 (hard cover : alk. paper)
1. Dwarfism, Pituitary – Hormone therapy. 2. Growth hormone releasing factor – Physiological effect. I. Ranke, Michael B. II. Price, David A.
(David Anthony), 1943– III. Reiter, Edward O.
[DNLM: 1. Pfizer International Growth Database. 2. Growth Disorders–drug therapy. 3. Adolescent. 4. Child. 5. Databases, Factual.
6. Growth Hormone – therapeutic use. 7. Infant. 8. Longitudinal Studies.
WS 104 G8836 2007]
RC658.7.G78 2007
618.92‘47–dc22 2007005269

Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services.

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Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are
in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in govern-
ment regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, with-
out permission in writing from the publisher.

© Copyright 2007 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland)

www.karger.com
Printed in Switzerland on acid-free paper by Reinhardt Druck, Basel
ISBN 978–3–8055–8256–8
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 Contents

Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV

1 KIGS KIGS: Structure and Organization

Patrick Wilton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Review Assessment of Growth and Puberty
Gary E. Butler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 KIGS Diagnosis of Children with Short Stature: Insights from KIGS
Kenji Fujieda, Toshiaki Tanaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4 KIGS Data Analyses within KIGS
Anders Lindberg, Michael B. Ranke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5 KIGS The KIGS Aetiology Classification System
Michael B. Ranke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6 Review Growth Hormone Deficiency: Growth Hormone Tests and
Growth Hormone Measurements
Susan R. Rose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6 KIGS Growth Hormone Testing in KIGS
Maїthé Tauber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
7 Review Growth Hormone Deficiency and Modalities of Birth
Angel Ferrández-Longás, Esteban Mayayo, José Ignacio Labarta,
Agustin Romo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7 KIGS Modalities and Characteristics at Birth: Commentaries Based on
KIGS Data
Michael B. Ranke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
8 Review The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Growth Hormone
Deficiency
Anders Juul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8 KIGS Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Levels in Patients within the KIGS
Database
Michael B. Ranke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
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 9 Review Neuroimaging in Growth Hormone Deficiency
Mohamad Maghnie, Natascia di Iorgi, Andrea Rossi, Roberto Gastaldi,
Paolo Tortori-Donati, Renata Lorini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
10 Review Characteristics of Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency at
the Start of Growth Hormone Therapy and the Response to Growth
Hormone
Herwig Frisch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
10 KIGS Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency in KIGS: Selected Aspects
Michael B. Ranke, Edward O. Reiter, David A. Price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
11 Review Growth Hormone Deficiency: Puberty and Final Height
Edward O. Reiter, Wayne S. Cutfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
11 KIGS Growth Hormone Treatment to Final Height in Idiopathic Growth
Hormone Deficiency: The KIGS Experience
Wayne S. Cutfield, Georgios Karagiannis, Edward O. Reiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
12 Review The Transition from Childhood to Adulthood: Managing Those with
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Helena Gleeson, Peter E. Clayton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
12 KIGS Effect of Prior Pediatric Growth Hormone Replacement on
Serum Lipids and Quality of Life in Young Adults with Reconfirmed
Severe Growth Hormone Deficiency: The Combined KIGS and
KIMS Experiences
Mitchell E. Geffner, Peter Jönsson, John P. Monson, Roger Abs, Václav Hána,
Charlotte Höybye, Maria Koltowska-Häggström . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
13 KIGS Who Stops Growth Hormone in KIGS – and Why?
Michael B. Ranke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
14 Review Congenital Growth Hormone Deficiency
Primus E. Mullis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
14 KIGS Growth Hormone Deficiency of Known Origin within KIGS
(Code No. 2.1.1–2.1.6)
Michael B. Ranke, Hanna Karlsson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
15 Review/KIGS Growth Hormone Treatment of Children with Previous
Craniopharyngioma: The KIGS Experience
David A. Price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
16 Review/KIGS Growth Hormone Treatment in Rare Disorders: The KIGS Experience
Feyza Darendeliler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
17 Review Childhood Brain Tumours and Growth Hormone Treatment
Andreas Jostel, Stephen M. Shalet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
17 KIGS KIGS Patients with Acquired Growth Hormone Deficiency
(Code No. 2.2 ff.)
Michael B. Ranke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
18 KIGS Growth Hormone Treatment of Children with Previous Leukaemia
and Lymphoma: The KIGS Experience
David A. Price, Hanna Karlsson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
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19 Review Growth Hormone, Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Neurofibromatosis
Michel Polak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
19 KIGS Growth Hormone Treatment in Neurofibrosis Type 1 Involving
Central Nervous System Tumours and Pituitary Langerhans
Cell Histiocytosis within KIGS
Michael B. Ranke, Wayne S. Cutfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
20 Review Growth and GH Treatment in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic
Arthritis
Paul Czernichow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
20 KIGS The KIGS Experience with Growth Hormone Treatment of
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Edward O. Reiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
21 Review Cystic Fibrosis – Growth Hormone Treatment
Dirk Schnabel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
21 KIGS The KIGS Experience with Growth Hormone Treatment of Cystic
Fibrosis
Edward O. Reiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
22 Review Idiopathic Short Stature: Definition, Spontaneous Growth and
Response to Treatment
Jan M. Wit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
22 KIGS Short- and Long-Term Response to Growth Hormone in Idiopathic
Short Stature: KIGS Analysis of Factors Predicting Growth
Michael B. Ranke, Anders Lindberg, David A. Price, Feyza Darendeliler,
Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland, Patrick Wilton, Edward O. Reiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
23 Review Turner Syndrome – Growth Hormone Treatment
Ron G. Rosenfeld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
23 KIGS Turner Syndrome within KIGS Including an Analysis of 1146 Patients
Grown to Near Adult Height
Michael B. Ranke, Anders Lindberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
24 Review Noonan Syndrome
Christopher J.H. Kelnar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
24 KIGS Short Stature in Noonan Syndrome: Results of Growth Hormone
Treatment in KIGS
Barto J. Otten, Kees Noordam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
25 Review/KIGS Growth Hormone Treatment in Skeletal Dysplasias: The KIGS
Experience
Thomas Hertel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
26 Review Prader-Willi Syndrome and Growth Hormone Treatment
Ann Christin Lindgren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
26 KIGS Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment in Children Presenting with
Prader-Willi Syndrome: The KIGS Experience
Maïthé Tauber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
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27 Review Growth and Growth Hormone Treatment in Children Born Small
for Gestational Age and with Silver-Russell Syndrome
Wayne S. Cutfield, Edward O. Reiter on behalf of the KIGS International Board . . . . . . . 389
27 KIGS KIGS 20 Years: Children Born Small for Gestational Age
David B. Dunger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
28 Review/KIGS Growth Hormone Treatment in Short Children with Chronic
Kidney Disease
Otto Mehls, Anders Lindberg, Richard Nissel, Elke Wühl, Franz Schaefer,
Burkhard Tönshoff, Dieter Haffner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
29 Review/KIGS Predicting Growth in Response to Growth Hormone Treatment –
The KIGS Approach
Michael B. Ranke, Anders Lindberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
30 Review/KIGS Adverse Events Reported in KIGS
Patrick Wilton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
31 Review Progress and Challenges in Understanding the Psychology of
Growth Delay
Brian Stabler, Louis E. Underwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
32 Review Growth Hormone and Brain Function
Fred Nyberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
33 Review Review of Methods for Body Composition Assessment in Children
Jonathan C.K. Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
34 Review Metabolic Effects of Growth Hormone
Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
35 Review The Growth Plate
Ola Nilsson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
36 Review Pharmacogenetics of Growth Hormone Therapy
Linda B. Johnston, Adrian J.L. Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

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Contributors

Dr. Roger Abs Prof. Adrian J.L. Clark Prof. Paul Czernichow
Department of Endocrinology Department of Endocrinology Department of Endocrinology and
University Hospital Antwerp William Harvey Research Unit Growth Diseases
Wilrijkstraat 10 John Vane Science Centre Hôpital Necker
BE–2650 Edegem (Belgium) Charterhouse Square 149 rue de Sèvres
Tel. +32 3 821 3885 Barts and the London Queen Mary FR–75015 Paris (France)
Fax +32 3 821 4185 School of Medicine Tel. +33 1 44 49 48 01
E-Mail [email protected] London EC1M 6BQ (United Kingdom) Fax +33 1 44 49 48 00
Tel. +44 207 601 7078 E-Mail [email protected]
Fax +44 207 601 8505
Prof. Kerstin E-Mail [email protected]
Albertsson-Wikland Prof. Feyza Darendeliler
Paediatric Growth Research Centre Department of Pediatrics
Department of Paediatrics
Prof. Peter E. Clayton Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
Queen Silvia Children‘s Hospital Department of Child Health and Istanbul University
Sahlgrenska Paediatric Endocrinology TR–34390 Capa – Istanbul (Turkey)
Academy of Gothenburg University University of Manchester Tel. +90 212 635 11 89
SE–416 85 Gothenburg (Sweden) Oxford Road Fax +90 212 533 13 83
Tel. +46 31 343 5165 Manchester M13 9PT E-Mail [email protected]
Fax +46 31 848 952 (United Kingdom)
E-Mail kerstin.albertsson- Tel. +44 161 922 2585
[email protected] Fax +44 161 922 2583 Prof. David B. Dunger
E-Mail [email protected]
Department of Paediatrics
Addenbrooke’s Hospital
Prof. Gary E. Butler University of Cambridge
Department of Paediatrics and Growth
Prof. Wayne S. Cutfield Hills Road, Level 8, Box 116
Institute of Health Sciences Liggins Institute Cambridge CB2 2QQ
University of Reading University of Auckland (United Kingdom)
London Road 2-6 Park Avenue Tel. +44 1223 762 944
Reading RG1 5AQ (United Kingdom) Grafton, Auckland (New Zealand) Fax +44 1223 336 996
Tel. +44 118 378 6863 Tel. +64 9 373 7599 (ext. 84476) E-Mail [email protected]
Fax +44 118 378 6862 Fax +64 9 373 7497
E-Mail [email protected] E-Mail [email protected]
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Prof. Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Dr. Roberto Gastaldi Dr. Václav Hána
Department of Medical Department of Pediatrics 3rd Department of Internal Medicine
Endocrinology PE-2132 IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Faculty of Medicine 1
Rigshospitalet University of Genova Charles University
Copenhagen University Hospital Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5 U nemocnice 1
Blegdamsvej 9 IT–16147 Genova (Italy) CZ–128 08 Prague 2 (Czech Republic)
DK–2100 Copenhagen (Denmark) Tel. +39 010 563 6691 Tel. +420 22496 2919
Tel. +45 35 45 23 37 Fax +39 010 377 6778 Fax +420 22491 9780
Fax +45 35 45 22 40 E-Mail [email protected] E-Mail [email protected]
E-Mail [email protected]

Dr. Mitchell E. Geffner Dr. Thomas Hertel

Prof. Angel The Saban Research Institute Department of Paediatrics
Ferrández-Longás Children’s Hospital Los Angeles Odense University Hospital
Hospital Infantil Universitario Miguel 4650 Sunset Blvd. Sdr. Boulevard 29
Servet Los Angeles, CA 90027 (USA) DK–5000 Odense C (Denmark)
Av. Isabel la Católica 3 Tel. +1 323 669 7032 Tel. +45 65 41 45 60
ES–50009 Zaragoza (Spain) Fax +1 323 953 1349 Fax +45 65 911 862
Tel. +34 976 765 649 E-Mail [email protected] E-Mail [email protected]
Fax +34 976 765 633
E-Mail [email protected]
Dr. Helena Gleeson Dr. Charlotte Höybye
Department of Endocrinology Department of Endocrinology,
Prof. Herwig Frisch Christie Hospital NHS Trust Metabolism and Diabetes
St. Anna Children‘s Hospital Wilmslow Road Karolinska University Hospital
Kinderspitalgasse 6 Withington SE–171 76 Stockholm (Sweden)
AT–1090 Vienna (Austria) Manchester M20 4BX Tel. +46 8 517 75379
Tel. +43 1 401 700 (United Kingdom) Fax +46 8 517 73096
Fax +43 1 401 70 710 Tel. +44 161 860 0696 E-Mail [email protected]
E-Mail [email protected] Fax +44 161 446 3772
E-Mail [email protected]
Dr. Natascia di Iorgi
Prof. Kenji Fujieda Department of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
Prof. Dieter Haffner IRCCS Giannina Gaslini
Asahikawa Medical College University Hospital of Pediatric and University of Genova
2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka, Higashi Adolescent Medicine Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5
Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaidou Rembrandtstrasse 17–18 IT–16147 Genova (Italy)
(Japan) DE–18075 Rostock (Germany) Tel. +39 010 563 6002
Tel. +81 166 682 481 Tel. +49 381 494 7001 Fax +39 010 377 6778
Fax +81 166 682 489 Fax +49 381 494 7002 E-Mail natasciadiiorgi@ospedale-
E-Mail [email protected] E-Mail [email protected] gaslini.ge.it
rostock.de
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 Education - Instructor Guide
Winter 2025 - Program

Prepared by: Teaching Assistant Jones

Date: August 12, 2025

References 1: Assessment criteria and rubrics

Learning Objective 1: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 2: Research findings and conclusions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Research findings and conclusions
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 4: Practical applications and examples
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 5: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 5: Practical applications and examples
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 7: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 8: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Key terms and definitions
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 9: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 10: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Summary 2: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Historical development and evolution
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 15: Literature review and discussion
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Best practices and recommendations
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 18: Key terms and definitions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Experimental procedures and results
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Lesson 3: Learning outcomes and objectives
Remember: Literature review and discussion
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Current trends and future directions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 23: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 27: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 28: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Current trends and future directions
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Unit 4: Current trends and future directions
Remember: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 31: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Ethical considerations and implications
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 33: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 34: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 35: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 35: Research findings and conclusions
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Research findings and conclusions
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 37: Case studies and real-world applications
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 38: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 39: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Chapter 5: Research findings and conclusions
Important: Literature review and discussion
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 41: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 42: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 43: Research findings and conclusions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 45: Best practices and recommendations
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 47: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 48: Historical development and evolution
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Topic 6: Experimental procedures and results
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Research findings and conclusions
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 53: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Ethical considerations and implications
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 57: Experimental procedures and results
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Research findings and conclusions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 59: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Key terms and definitions
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Review 7: Practical applications and examples
Practice Problem 60: Experimental procedures and results
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Practical applications and examples
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 63: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 64: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 65: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 65: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 66: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 67: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 68: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Section 8: Comparative analysis and synthesis
Note: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 71: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Best practices and recommendations
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 74: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 75: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 76: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 78: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 78: Key terms and definitions
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Literature review and discussion
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Lesson 9: Research findings and conclusions
Practice Problem 80: Case studies and real-world applications
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 81: Best practices and recommendations
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 83: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Literature review and discussion
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Ethical considerations and implications
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 85: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Research findings and conclusions
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Case studies and real-world applications
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 90: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Module 10: Best practices and recommendations
Important: Research findings and conclusions
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Experimental procedures and results
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
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